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The
Italian Constitution provides that the president of the republic may appoint up to five senators for life. Until 2020 it was debated whether five was intended to be the maximum overall number of senators for life, or if each president had the ability to appoint up to five senators regardless of
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Senators for life can decide not to be part of any parliamentary group, as opposed to elected senators who, if not affiliated with any specific political movement, automatically become members of the
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Every president of the
Italian Republic has made at least one appointment of a senator for life, with the exception of Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (since in his term there were more than five). President
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how many had been appointed by their predecessor and were still living. Until 1984 the former interpretation enjoyed the support of a majority of scholars. In that year, however, President
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ended the debate by establishing unambiguously a limit of five overall appointed senators.
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on 30 August 2013. The president who appointed the highest number of senators for life was
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applied the latter interpretation. Pertini's successors applied varying standards.
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appointed none, in deference to the stricter reading, while both
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who are either appointed, limited in number up to five, by the
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Prime
Minister (1954, 1958–1959, 1960–1963, 1982–1983, 1987)
1015:Prime Minister (1993–1994); President (1999–2006)
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16:Member of the Italian Senate with life tenure
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1181:Gallery of current senators for life
550:23 December 1971 (elected President)
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55:on 9 November 2011 and conductor
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206:7 December 1949 (resignation)
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67:and Nobel-laureate physicist
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636:18 September 1999 (death)
521:12 September 1981 (death)
112:2020 constitutional reform
20:Senators for life in Italy
951:28 February 2005 (death)
909:30 December 2012 (death)
825:18 November 2002 (death)
741:24 February 1990 (death)
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374:26 February 1967 (death)
290:21 December 1950 (death)
269:22 December 1959 (death)
118:List of senators for life
1074:20 January 2014 (death)
1038:Economist and politician
1013:Economist and politician
992:Designer and politician
888:29 January 2012 (death)
783:24 January 2003 (death)
657:31 October 1984 (death)
552:9 November 2001 (death)
479:1 December 1972 (death)
437:8 December 1981 (death)
395:17 October 1978 (death)
363:Politician and attorney
353:30 October 1961 (death)
867:17 August 2010 (death)
720:9 January 2004 (death)
573:1 January 1980 (death)
500:10 August 1967 (death)
332:28 August 1963 (death)
164:1 October 1959 (death)
125: Currently serving
963:President (2006–2015)
877:President (1992–1999)
856:President (1985–1992)
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730:President (1978–1985)
678:14 April 1988 (death)
583:President (1964–1971)
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510:Poet and prose writer
468:President (1962–1964)
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317:Umberto Zanotti Bianco
311:8 August 1959 (death)
275:Carlo Alberto Salustri
185:27 April 1952 (death)
153:President (1946–1948)
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1302:Italian life senators
930:24 June 2013 (death)
846:18 June 2001 (death)
699:21 July 2001 (death)
594:11 June 1988 (death)
458:6 March 1970 (death)
248:9 April 1957 (death)
107:appointed five each.
30:) are members of the
1009:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
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905:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
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831:Paolo Emilio Taviani
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137:Date of appointment
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97:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
51:appointed Professor
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416:1 May 1991 (death)
254:Pasquale Jannaccone
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