Knowledge (XXG)

Senary

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4348:
hand around to its backside may help to further disambiguate which hand represents the 'sixes' and which represents the units. The downside to senary counting, however, is that without prior agreement two parties would be unable to utilize this system, being unsure which hand represents sixes and which hand represents ones, whereas decimal-based counting (with numbers beyond 5 being expressed by an open palm and additional fingers) being essentially a
1649:
If a number is divisible by 2, then the final digit of that number, when expressed in senary, is 0, 2, or 4. If a number is divisible by 3, then the final digit of that number in senary is 0 or 3. A number is divisible by 4 if its penultimate digit is odd and its final digit is 2, or its penultimate
4347:
Which hand is used for the 'sixes' and which the units is down to preference on the part of the counter; however, when viewed from the counter's perspective, using the left hand as the most significant digit correlates with the written representation of the same senary number. Flipping the 'sixes'
1654:
in decimal). If a number is divisible by 6, then the final digit of that number is 0. To determine whether a number is divisible by 7, one can sum its alternate digits and subtract those sums; if the result is divisible by 7, the number is divisible by 7, similar to the "11" divisibility test in
4398:
Despite the rarity of cultures that group large quantities by 6, a review of the development of numeral systems suggests a threshold of numerosity at 6 (possibly being conceptualized as "whole", "fist", or "beyond five fingers"), with 1–6 often being pure forms, and numerals thereafter being
1646: − 1, making its multiplication table highly regular for its size, minimizing the amount of effort required to memorize its table. This property maximizes the probability that the result of an integer multiplication will end in zero, given that neither of its factors do. 4284: 4275: 4340:, as the movement from one position to the next is done by switching from one hand to another. While most developed cultures count by fingers up to 5 in very similar ways, beyond 5 non-Western cultures deviate from Western methods, such as with 1525:
2, 3, 5, 11, 15, 21, 25, 31, 35, 45, 51, 101, 105, 111, 115, 125, 135, 141, 151, 155, 201, 211, 215, 225, 241, 245, 251, 255, 301, 305, 331, 335, 345, 351, 405, 411, 421, 431, 435, 445, 455, 501, 515, 521, 525, 531, 551, ... (sequence
4344:. As senary finger counting also deviates only beyond 5, this counting method rivals the simplicity of traditional counting methods, a fact which may have implications for the teaching of positional notation to young students. 4502:
For some purposes, senary might be too small a base for convenience. This can be worked around by using its square, base 36 (hexatrigesimal), as then conversion is facilitated by simply making the following replacements:
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has also been suspected to have had senary numerals, with a numeral for 7 being borrowed later, though evidence for constructing larger numerals (8 and 9) subtractively from ten suggests that this may not be so.
1265: 4437:. In these languages, counting is connected to ritualized yam-counting. These languages count from a base six, employing words for the powers of six; running up to 6 for some of the languages. One example is 900: 1175: 953: 1094: 5325: 4309:
If the right hand is used to represent a unit (0 to 5), and the left to represent the multiples of 6, then it becomes possible for one person to represent the values from zero to 55
989: 1296: 1128: 1024: 1322: 5143: 4363:
are restricted to be senary numbers of at most two digits, so that the referees can signal which player committed an infraction by using this finger-counting system.
1202: 4317:) with their fingers, rather than the usual ten obtained in standard finger counting. e.g. if three fingers are extended on the left hand and four on the right, 34 1047: 4306:
Each regular human hand may be said to have six unambiguous positions; a fist, one finger extended, two, three, four, and then all five fingers extended.
5294: 1533: 710: 430: 5358: 4378:, allow counting to 99, 1023, or even higher depending on the method (though not necessarily senary in nature). The English monk and historian 1623:
besides 6 have 44 as the final two digits when expressed in senary, which is proven by the fact that every even perfect number is of the form
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digit is even and its final digit is 0 or 4. A number is divisible by 5 if the sum of its senary digits is divisible by 5 (the equivalent of
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encoding scheme. The compression effect of 36 being the square of 6 causes a lot of patterns and representations to be shorter in base 36:
1207: 5504: 5209: 263: 5187: 832: 810: 54: 497: 5417: 5245:
Blevins, Juliette (3 May 2018). "Origins of Northern Costanoan ʃak:en 'six':A Reconsideration of Senary Counting in Utian".
5231: 703: 278: 623: 633: 450: 809:, though it is unique as the product of the only two consecutive numbers that are both prime (2 and 3). As six is a 1612:
Additionally, since the smallest four primes (2, 3, 5, 7) are either divisors or neighbors of 6, senary has simple
510: 4957: 1136: 606: 375: 908: 5509: 1056: 696: 23: 4341: 958: 686: 470: 67: 4336:
Additionally, this method is the least abstract way to count using two hands that reflects the concept of
370: 286: 4483: 4469: 4407: 1664: 1270: 1102: 998: 488: 5429: 5367: 4349: 1334: 1050: 583: 444: 437: 318: 4337: 665: 530: 481: 293: 225: 80: 41: 1671:
and is adjacent to the next two prime numbers, many senary fractions have simple representations:
1305: 5445: 5391: 5317: 5270: 5262: 5149: 1545: 578: 331: 168: 163: 110: 4438: 5479: 5383: 5225: 5154: 1651: 1613: 1182: 826: 660: 650: 638: 618: 573: 568: 504: 336: 308: 215: 148: 138: 125: 90: 85: 4495:"Base 36" redirects here. For the encoding scheme used to represent binary data as text, see 1521:
other than 2 and 3 have 1 or 5 as the final digit. In senary, the prime numbers are written:
5437: 5375: 5309: 5254: 4430: 730: 563: 457: 210: 198: 143: 133: 100: 75: 1187: 4472:
have been reported to use a senary number system, usually in addition to another, such as
4367: 4360: 4356: 4264: 1097: 675: 645: 588: 558: 543: 303: 271: 243: 220: 203: 62: 655: 5433: 5371: 1029: 5352: 4961: 1620: 1560: − 5); the final digit is a 1 or a 5. This is proved by contradiction. 1178: 992: 778: 670: 613: 593: 548: 421: 153: 120: 105: 31: 4283: 4274: 5498: 5449: 5395: 5274: 5179: 5121: 4434: 4403: 4375: 476: 365: 298: 238: 173: 115: 95: 5321: 1668: 1518: 1131: 903: 628: 553: 5418:"The Work of Glendon Lean on the Counting Systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania" 5353:"The work of Glendon Lean on the counting systems of Papua New Guinea and Oceania" 5453: 1299: 598: 463: 415: 405: 5266: 5212:. Laputan Logic. 16 November 2006. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012 4352:
system only requires the other party to count the number of extended fingers.
814: 400: 158: 5484: 5474: 5387: 5158: 4477: 4371: 806: 801:. It has been adopted independently by a small number of cultures. Like the 410: 5144:"Crunching the Numbers: College Basketball Players Can't Wear 6, 7, 8 or 9" 5489: 5313: 5109: 1639: 5441: 5379: 4473: 802: 395: 380: 5115: 4965: 4496: 1260:{\displaystyle \lbrace n\in {\mathcal {D}}_{6}^{*},n\sim 0n\rbrace } 5258: 4953: 798: 390: 352: 313: 4379: 4956:
is convenient in that the digits can be represented using the
895:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}_{6}=\lbrace 0,1,2,3,4,5\rbrace } 766: 745: 739: 4390:," a system which allowed counting up to 9,999 on two hands. 5112:
method to encode base-6 values into pronounceable passwords.
1277: 1223: 1143: 1109: 1075: 1005: 965: 839: 5469: 1528: 769: 760: 748: 5180:"Hand sums: The ancient art of counting with your fingers" 5124:
to encrypt text into a series of effectively senary digits
794: 4388:
Tractatus de computo, vel loquela per gestum digitorum
1308: 1273: 1210: 1190: 1139: 1105: 1059: 1032: 1001: 961: 911: 835: 763: 757: 742: 736: 754: 733: 5351: 5142: 1316: 1290: 1259: 1196: 1169: 1122: 1088: 1041: 1018: 983: 947: 894: 5247:International Journal of American Linguistics 4382:, described in the first chapter of his work 813:, many of the arguments made in favor of the 704: 8: 1552:≡ 1 or 5 (mod 6) (that is, 6 divides either 1254: 1211: 1170:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}_{6}^{*}/\sim } 889: 853: 1331: 948:{\displaystyle 0<1<2<3<4<5} 711: 697: 47: 18: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1233: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1209: 1189: 1159: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1089:{\displaystyle a,b\in {\mathcal {D}}^{*}} 1080: 1074: 1073: 1058: 1031: 1010: 1004: 1003: 1000: 975: 970: 964: 963: 960: 910: 844: 838: 837: 834: 5288: 5286: 5284: 4505: 1715: 1676: 1673: 817:system also apply to the senary system. 5133: 1634:Senary is also the largest number base 30: 5422:Mathematics Education Research Journal 5359:Mathematics Education Research Journal 5223: 4410:is reported to have senary numerals. 4321:is represented. This is equivalent to 984:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}_{6}^{*}} 4964:A–Z; this choice is the basis of the 4945:is equal to the senary number 3144332 1745:Prime factors of one above the base: 1736:Prime factors of one below the base: 1706:Prime factors of one above the base: 1697:Prime factors of one below the base: 7: 5485:Number-Base Radix Converter (Sooeet) 5190:from the original on August 13, 2011 5178:Bloom, Jonathan M. (Spring 2002). 5141:Schonbrun, Zach (March 31, 2015). 1291:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}_{6}} 1123:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}_{6}} 1019:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}_{6}} 829:of digits in the senary system is 14: 4282: 4273: 1540:That is, for every prime number 811:superior highly composite number 729: 5470:Comprehensive base six resource 5331:from the original on 2016-04-06 4211: 4141: 4133: 4063: 4055: 3985: 3977: 3853: 3845: 3775: 3767: 3697: 3689: 3625: 3617: 3548: 3484: 3476: 3412: 3338: 3274: 3266: 3202: 3194: 3124: 3116: 3046: 2977: 2969: 2900: 2836: 2828: 2704: 2696: 2626: 2618: 2554: 2546: 2477: 2413: 2405: 2341: 2267: 2149: 2141: 2072: 2004: 1872: 1096:. The senary number system for 5293:Plank, Frans (26 April 2009). 1517:When expressed in senary, all 1: 4949:. In decimal, it is 153,920. 4941:Thus, the base-36 number 3ARK 4491:Base 36 as senary compression 4441:with the following numerals: 4237: 4224: 4198: 4181: 4162: 4149: 4120: 4103: 4084: 4071: 4042: 4025: 4006: 3993: 3964: 3947: 3928: 3921: 3904: 3887: 3868: 3861: 3838: 3821: 3802: 3783: 3748: 3731: 3712: 3705: 3694:0344827586206896551724137931 3682: 3665: 3646: 3633: 3604: 3587: 3568: 3561: 3541: 3524: 3505: 3492: 3463: 3446: 3427: 3420: 3400: 3383: 3364: 3351: 3325: 3308: 3289: 3282: 3259: 3242: 3223: 3210: 3181: 3164: 3145: 3132: 3103: 3086: 3067: 3054: 3028: 3011: 2992: 2985: 2962: 2945: 2926: 2913: 2887: 2870: 2851: 2844: 2821: 2804: 2785: 2778: 2761: 2744: 2725: 2712: 2683: 2666: 2647: 2634: 2605: 2588: 2569: 2562: 2539: 2522: 2503: 2490: 2464: 2447: 2428: 2421: 2398: 2381: 2362: 2349: 2323: 2306: 2287: 2280: 2260: 2243: 2224: 2217: 2200: 2183: 2164: 2157: 2134: 2117: 2098: 2085: 2059: 2042: 2023: 2016: 1992: 1975: 1956: 1949: 1932: 1915: 1896: 1889: 1865: 1848: 1829: 1822: 1805: 1788: 1783: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1763: 1760: 1544:greater than 3, one has the 1317:{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } 1298:has a shortlex order, it is 4843: 4784: 4725: 4625: 4566: 4507: 4300:, in senary finger counting 1721:Prime factors of the base: 1682:Prime factors of the base: 5526: 5505:Positional numeral systems 4721: 4494: 4262: 1774:Positional representation 1771:Positional representation 431:Non-standard radices/bases 5350:Owens, Kay (April 2001). 5230:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4399:constructed or borrowed. 5475:Shack's base six dialect 1556: − 1 or 5295:"Senary summary so far" 4342:Chinese number gestures 1328:Mathematical properties 1302:to the natural numbers 805:base 10, the base is a 687:List of numeral systems 5480:Senary base conversion 4952:The choice of 36 as a 3271:0434782608695652173913 1619:Furthermore, all even 1548:relations that either 1318: 1292: 1261: 1198: 1171: 1124: 1090: 1043: 1020: 985: 949: 896: 5405:– via Springer. 5314:10.1515/LITY.2009.016 4470:Niger-Congo languages 4429:Another example from 4408:Indonesian New Guinea 1319: 1293: 1262: 1199: 1197:{\displaystyle \sim } 1172: 1125: 1091: 1044: 1021: 986: 950: 897: 55:Hindu–Arabic numerals 16:Base-6 numeral system 1335:multiplication table 1306: 1271: 1208: 1188: 1137: 1103: 1057: 1051:string concatenation 1049:is the operation of 1030: 999: 959: 909: 833: 584:Prehistoric counting 360:Common radices/bases 42:Place-value notation 5434:2001MEdRJ..13...47O 5416:Owens, Kay (2001), 5372:2001MEdRJ..13...47O 5302:Linguistic Typology 4426:means 36 × 2 = 72. 4384:De temporum ratione 4338:positional notation 1663:Because six is the 1337: 1238: 1158: 980: 531:Sign-value notation 5442:10.1007/BF03217098 5380:10.1007/BF03217098 5150:The New York Times 4418:means 6 × 2 = 12, 2974:052631578947368421 1780:of the denominator 1767:of the denominator 1616:for many numbers. 1614:divisibility tests 1546:modular arithmetic 1332: 1314: 1288: 1257: 1220: 1194: 1167: 1140: 1120: 1086: 1042:{\displaystyle ab} 1039: 1016: 981: 962: 945: 892: 187:East Asian systems 4939: 4938: 4394:Natural languages 4386:, (725), titled " 4370:systems, such as 4256: 4255: 1781: 1768: 1755: 1742: 1733: 1712: 1703: 1694: 1667:of the first two 1652:casting out nines 1642:other than 1 and 1605:≡ 4 (mod 6), 2 | 1595:≡ 3 (mod 6), 3 | 1585:≡ 2 (mod 6), 2 | 1575:≡ 0 (mod 6), 6 | 1515: 1514: 1183:equivalence class 821:Formal definition 721: 720: 520: 519: 5517: 5458: 5457: 5452:, archived from 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5355: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5330: 5299: 5290: 5279: 5278: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5229: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5146: 5138: 5096: 5089: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5060: 5053: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5040: 5037: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5010: 5007: 4989: 4987: 4986: 4980: 4977: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4506: 4431:Papua New Guinea 4286: 4277: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4235: 4229: 4217: 4209: 4203: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4160: 4154: 4147: 4139: 4131: 4125: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4093: 4090: 4082: 4076: 4069: 4068:1020412245351433 4061: 4060:2941176470588235 4053: 4047: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4004: 3998: 3991: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3926: 3909: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3866: 3859: 3851: 3843: 3836: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3710: 3703: 3695: 3687: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3644: 3638: 3631: 3623: 3615: 3609: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3566: 3554: 3546: 3539: 3537: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3503: 3497: 3490: 3482: 3474: 3468: 3461: 3459: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3425: 3418: 3405: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3362: 3356: 3344: 3336: 3330: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3287: 3280: 3272: 3264: 3257: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3221: 3215: 3208: 3200: 3192: 3186: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3143: 3137: 3130: 3122: 3114: 3108: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3065: 3059: 3052: 3039: 3033: 3026: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3007: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2990: 2983: 2975: 2967: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2941: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2924: 2918: 2906: 2898: 2892: 2885: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2849: 2842: 2841:0204122453514331 2834: 2833:0588235294117647 2826: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2783: 2766: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2723: 2717: 2710: 2702: 2694: 2688: 2681: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2645: 2639: 2632: 2624: 2616: 2610: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2567: 2560: 2552: 2544: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2501: 2495: 2483: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2426: 2419: 2411: 2403: 2396: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2377: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2360: 2354: 2347: 2334: 2328: 2321: 2319: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2285: 2273: 2265: 2258: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2239: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2222: 2205: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2179: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2162: 2155: 2147: 2139: 2132: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2096: 2090: 2078: 2070: 2064: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2021: 2014: 1997: 1990: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1971: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1954: 1937: 1930: 1928: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1894: 1882: 1870: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1827: 1810: 1803: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1777: 1764: 1754: 1744: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1711: 1705: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1674: 1630: 1626: 1563:For any integer 1531: 1338: 1323: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1177:equipped with a 1176: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1146: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1048: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1025: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1014: 1009: 1008: 990: 988: 987: 982: 979: 974: 969: 968: 954: 952: 951: 946: 901: 899: 898: 893: 849: 848: 843: 842: 776: 775: 772: 771: 768: 765: 762: 759: 756: 751: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 713: 706: 699: 502: 486: 468: 458:balanced ternary 455: 442: 48: 19: 5525: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5510:Finger-counting 5495: 5494: 5466: 5461: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5297: 5292: 5291: 5282: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5222: 5215: 5213: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5193: 5191: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5163: 5161: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5118:encoding scheme 5106: 5099: 5094: 5092: 5087: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5051: 5045: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5015: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 4997: 4993: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4958:Arabic numerals 4948: 4944: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4500: 4493: 4396: 4368:finger counting 4361:uniform numbers 4359:, the players' 4357:NCAA basketball 4332: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4279: 4278: 4267: 4265:Finger counting 4261: 4259:Finger counting 4247: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4231: 4225: 4215: 4205: 4199: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4172: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4156: 4150: 4145: 4137: 4127: 4121: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4078: 4072: 4067: 4059: 4049: 4043: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4000: 3994: 3989: 3981: 3971: 3965: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3922: 3905: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3862: 3857: 3850:032258064516129 3849: 3839: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3779: 3771: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3706: 3701: 3693: 3683: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3640: 3634: 3629: 3621: 3611: 3605: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3562: 3552: 3542: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3499: 3493: 3488: 3480: 3470: 3464: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3421: 3416: 3401: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3358: 3352: 3342: 3332: 3326: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3283: 3278: 3270: 3260: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3217: 3211: 3206: 3198: 3188: 3182: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3139: 3133: 3128: 3120: 3110: 3104: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3061: 3055: 3050: 3035: 3029: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2986: 2981: 2973: 2963: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2920: 2914: 2904: 2894: 2888: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2845: 2840: 2832: 2822: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2779: 2762: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2719: 2713: 2708: 2700: 2690: 2684: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2630: 2622: 2612: 2606: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2563: 2558: 2550: 2540: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2497: 2491: 2481: 2471: 2465: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2422: 2417: 2409: 2399: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2356: 2350: 2345: 2330: 2324: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2281: 2271: 2261: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2218: 2201: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2184: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2158: 2153: 2145: 2135: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2092: 2086: 2076: 2066: 2060: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2017: 2012: 1993: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1950: 1933: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1890: 1880: 1866: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1823: 1806: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1779: 1766: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1743: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1722: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1661: 1628: 1624: 1621:perfect numbers 1527: 1330: 1304: 1303: 1274: 1269: 1268: 1206: 1205: 1186: 1185: 1135: 1134: 1106: 1101: 1100: 1098:natural numbers 1072: 1055: 1054: 1028: 1027: 1002: 997: 996: 957: 956: 907: 906: 836: 831: 830: 823: 781:(also known as 753: 732: 728: 717: 681: 680: 603: 589:Proto-cuneiform 534: 533: 522: 521: 516: 515: 500: 484: 466: 453: 440: 427: 356: 355: 343: 342: 323: 283: 268: 259: 258: 249: 248: 230: 189: 188: 179: 178: 130: 72: 58: 57: 45: 44: 32:Numeral systems 17: 12: 11: 5: 5523: 5521: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5465: 5464:External links 5462: 5460: 5459: 5408: 5342: 5280: 5267:10.1086/430579 5259:10.1086/430579 5237: 5201: 5184:Boston College 5170: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5090: 5079: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5054: 5043: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5013: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4983: 4946: 4942: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4492: 4489: 4422:means 36, and 4395: 4392: 4366:More abstract 4330: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4297: 4293: 4291: 4290: 4281: 4280: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4263:Main article: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4236: 4223: 4218: 4210: 4197: 4179: 4178: 4161: 4148: 4140: 4132: 4119: 4101: 4100: 4083: 4070: 4062: 4054: 4041: 4023: 4022: 4005: 3992: 3984: 3976: 3963: 3945: 3944: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3885: 3884: 3867: 3860: 3852: 3844: 3837: 3819: 3818: 3801: 3782: 3774: 3766: 3747: 3729: 3728: 3711: 3704: 3702:01124045443151 3696: 3688: 3681: 3663: 3662: 3645: 3632: 3624: 3616: 3603: 3585: 3584: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3547: 3540: 3522: 3521: 3504: 3491: 3483: 3475: 3462: 3444: 3443: 3426: 3419: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3381: 3380: 3363: 3350: 3345: 3337: 3324: 3306: 3305: 3288: 3281: 3273: 3265: 3258: 3240: 3239: 3222: 3209: 3201: 3193: 3180: 3162: 3161: 3144: 3131: 3123: 3115: 3102: 3084: 3083: 3066: 3053: 3045: 3040: 3027: 3009: 3008: 2991: 2984: 2976: 2968: 2961: 2943: 2942: 2925: 2912: 2907: 2899: 2886: 2868: 2867: 2850: 2843: 2835: 2827: 2820: 2802: 2801: 2784: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2760: 2742: 2741: 2724: 2711: 2703: 2695: 2682: 2664: 2663: 2646: 2633: 2625: 2617: 2604: 2586: 2585: 2568: 2561: 2553: 2545: 2538: 2520: 2519: 2502: 2489: 2484: 2476: 2463: 2445: 2444: 2427: 2420: 2412: 2404: 2397: 2379: 2378: 2361: 2348: 2340: 2335: 2322: 2304: 2303: 2286: 2279: 2274: 2266: 2259: 2241: 2240: 2223: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2199: 2181: 2180: 2163: 2156: 2148: 2140: 2133: 2115: 2114: 2097: 2084: 2079: 2071: 2058: 2040: 2039: 2022: 2015: 2003: 1998: 1991: 1973: 1972: 1955: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1931: 1913: 1912: 1895: 1888: 1883: 1871: 1864: 1846: 1845: 1828: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1804: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1749: 1714: 1660: 1657: 1610: 1609: 1599: 1589: 1579: 1538: 1537: 1513: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1329: 1326: 1312: 1285: 1279: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1193: 1179:shortlex order 1166: 1162: 1156: 1151: 1145: 1117: 1111: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1038: 1035: 1013: 1007: 993:Kleene closure 978: 973: 967: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 891: 888: 885: 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 847: 841: 822: 819: 779:numeral system 719: 718: 716: 715: 708: 701: 693: 690: 689: 683: 682: 679: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 642: 641: 636: 631: 621: 616: 610: 609: 602: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 540: 539: 538:Non-alphabetic 535: 529: 528: 527: 524: 523: 518: 517: 514: 513: 508: 495: 479: 474: 461: 448: 434: 433: 426: 425: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 362: 361: 357: 350: 349: 348: 345: 344: 341: 340: 334: 328: 327: 322: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 290: 289: 287:Post-classical 282: 281: 275: 274: 267: 266: 260: 256: 255: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 241: 235: 234: 229: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 207: 206: 195: 194: 190: 186: 185: 184: 181: 180: 177: 176: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 129: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 71: 70: 68:Eastern Arabic 65: 63:Western Arabic 59: 53: 52: 51: 46: 40: 39: 38: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5522: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5456:on 2015-09-26 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5409: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5354: 5346: 5343: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5253:(1): 87–101. 5252: 5248: 5241: 5238: 5233: 5227: 5211: 5210:"Dactylonomy" 5205: 5202: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5174: 5171: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5145: 5137: 5134: 5128: 5123: 5122:ADFGVX cipher 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5067: 5066: 5031: 5030: 5001: 5000: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4962:Latin letters 4959: 4955: 4950: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4844: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4626: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4435:Yam languages 4432: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4404:Ndom language 4400: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4376:finger binary 4373: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4329:, which is 22 4328: 4324: 4307: 4285: 4276: 4266: 4258: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4180: 4159: 4153: 4144: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4102: 4081: 4075: 4066: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4024: 4003: 3997: 3988: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3946: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3886: 3865: 3856: 3848: 3842: 3820: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3778: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3730: 3709: 3700: 3692: 3686: 3664: 3643: 3637: 3628: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3586: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3551: 3545: 3523: 3502: 3496: 3487: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3445: 3424: 3415: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3382: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3307: 3286: 3277: 3269: 3263: 3241: 3220: 3214: 3205: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3163: 3142: 3136: 3127: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3085: 3064: 3058: 3049: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3032: 3010: 2989: 2980: 2972: 2966: 2944: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2908: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2869: 2848: 2839: 2831: 2825: 2803: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2743: 2722: 2716: 2707: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2665: 2644: 2638: 2629: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2587: 2566: 2557: 2549: 2543: 2521: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2446: 2425: 2416: 2408: 2402: 2380: 2359: 2353: 2344: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2327: 2305: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2242: 2221: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2182: 2161: 2152: 2144: 2138: 2116: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2041: 2020: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1974: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1914: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1847: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1787: 1778:Prime factors 1765:Prime factors 1759: 1753: 1740: 1731: 1725: 1718: 1710: 1701: 1692: 1686: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1669:prime numbers 1666: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1535: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519:prime numbers 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1327: 1325: 1301: 1283: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1217: 1214: 1191: 1184: 1180: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1149: 1133: 1115: 1099: 1081: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1052: 1036: 1033: 1011: 994: 976: 971: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 905: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 850: 845: 828: 825:The standard 820: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 774: 726: 714: 709: 707: 702: 700: 695: 694: 692: 691: 688: 685: 684: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 626: 625: 624:Alphasyllabic 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 611: 608: 605: 604: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 537: 536: 532: 526: 525: 512: 509: 506: 499: 496: 493: 492: 483: 480: 478: 475: 472: 465: 462: 459: 452: 449: 446: 439: 436: 435: 432: 429: 428: 423: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 363: 359: 358: 354: 347: 346: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 325: 324: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 291: 288: 285: 284: 280: 277: 276: 273: 270: 269: 265: 262: 261: 257:Other systems 253: 252: 245: 242: 240: 239:Counting rods 237: 236: 232: 231: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 205: 202: 201: 200: 197: 196: 192: 191: 183: 182: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 131: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 73: 69: 66: 64: 61: 60: 56: 50: 49: 43: 37: 36: 33: 29: 25: 21: 20: 5454:the original 5428:(1): 47–71, 5425: 5421: 5411: 5399:. Retrieved 5366:(1): 47–71. 5363: 5357: 5345: 5333:. Retrieved 5305: 5301: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5214:. Retrieved 5204: 5192:. Retrieved 5183: 5173: 5162:. 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Let 793:) has 783:base-6 725:senary 676:Hebrew 646:Coptic 559:Brahmi 544:Aegean 501:  485:  467:  454:  441:  304:Muisca 244:Tangut 221:Korean 204:Suzhou 116:Telugu 5446:S2CID 5392:S2CID 5329:(PDF) 5318:S2CID 5308:(2). 5298:(PDF) 5271:S2CID 5263:JSTOR 4994:= 0.4 4954:radix 4468:Some 4455:damno 4445:(6), 4350:unary 3558:0.012 3417:01235 3348:0.013 3340:0.041 2214:0.043 2209:0.125 1629:2 − 1 1267:. As 789:, or 671:Greek 656:Geʽez 614:Abjad 594:Roman 554:Aztec 549:Attic 464:Mixed 422:table 314:Quipu 299:Mayan 154:Khmer 106:Tamil 5403:2022 5384:ISSN 5337:2022 5232:link 5218:2012 5196:2012 5155:ISSN 5093:= 0. 5086:= 0. 5057:= 0. 5050:= 0. 4443:nibo 4402:The 4380:Bede 4296:= 22 4221:0.01 4213:0.02 3627:0.01 3619:0.03 3409:0.04 3048:0.01 3043:0.05 2910:0.02 2487:0.03 2479:0.08 2277:0.04 1946:0.13 1941:0.25 1534:OEIS 1053:for 940:< 934:< 928:< 922:< 916:< 799:base 319:Rumi 174:Thai 96:Odia 5438:doi 5376:doi 5310:doi 5255:doi 4840:55 4781:35 4622:25 4563:17 4476:or 4447:fta 4420:nif 4412:Mer 4406:of 4374:or 4355:In 4313:(35 4248:100 4135:0.0 4065:0.0 4057:0.0 3987:0.0 3777:0.0 3769:0.0 3553:037 3486:0.0 3478:0.0 3204:0.0 3196:0.0 3126:0.0 2902:0.0 2706:0.0 2698:0.0 2628:0.0 2620:0.0 2343:0.0 2338:0.1 2082:0.1 2074:0.1 2001:0.2 1886:0.2 1819:0.3 1814:0.5 1601:If 1591:If 1581:If 1571:If 1509:100 1491:10 1204:is 995:of 827:set 795:six 351:By 159:Lao 5501:: 5444:, 5436:, 5426:13 5424:, 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Index

a series
Numeral systems
Place-value notation
Hindu–Arabic numerals
Western Arabic
Eastern Arabic
Bengali
Devanagari
Gujarati
Gurmukhi
Odia
Sinhala
Tamil
Malayalam
Telugu
Kannada
Dzongkha
Tibetan
Balinese
Burmese
Javanese
Khmer
Lao
Mongolian
Sundanese
Thai
Chinese
Suzhou
Hokkien
Japanese

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