557:
830:
55:
68:
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630:
892:, also feeds on ragwort, but will feed on other plants as well, making it an unsuitable biological control. Another biological control agent introduced in the western United States is the ragwort seed fly, although it is not considered very effective at controlling ragwort. The biological control of ragwort was already used in the 1930s.
870:. They absorb alkaloids from the plant and become distasteful to predators, a fact advertised by the black and yellow warning colours. The red and black, day-flying adult moth is also distasteful to many potential predators. The moth is used as a control for ragwort in countries in which it has been introduced and become a problem, like
617:. A priority species is one which is "scarce, threatened and declining". The remainder of the ten threatened species include three species of leaf beetle, another picture-winged fly, and three micro moths. All of these species are Nationally Scarce B, with one leaf beetle categorised as Nationally Scarce A.
707:
and progressively kills cells. About 3-7% of the body weight is sometimes claimed as deadly for horses, but an example in the scientific literature exists of a horse surviving being fed over 20% of its body weight. The effect of low doses is lessened by the destruction of the original alkaloids by
346:
The plant is generally considered to be biennial but it has the tendency to exhibit perennial properties under certain cultural conditions (such as when subjected to repeated grazing or mowing). The stems are erect, straight, have no or few hairs, and reach a height of 0.3β2.0 metres (1 ft
566:
In the United
Kingdom, where the plant is native, ragwort provides a home and food source to at least 77 insect species. Thirty of these species of invertebrate use ragwort exclusively as their food source and there are another 22 species where ragwort forms a significant part of their diet.
711:
The alkaloids can be absorbed in small quantities through the skin but studies have shown that the absorption is very much less than by ingestion. Also they are in the N-oxide form which only becomes toxic after conversion inside the digestive tract and they will be excreted harmlessly.
684:
and cattle. In areas of the world where ragwort is a native plant, such as
Britain and continental Europe, documented cases of proven poisoning are rare. Horses do not normally eat fresh ragwort due to its taste. The result, if sufficient quantity is consumed, can be irreversible
570:
English Nature identifies a further 117 species that use ragwort as a nectar source whilst travelling between feeding and breeding sites, or between metapopulations. These consist mainly of solitary bees, hoverflies, moths, and butterflies such as the small copper butterfly
399:
by the wind. The number of seeds produced may be as large as 75,000 to 120,000, although in its native range in
Eurasia very few of these would grow into new plants and research has shown that most seeds do not travel a great distance from the parent plant.
708:
the action of bacteria in the digestive tract before they reach the bloodstream. There is no known antidote or cure to poisoning, but examples are known from the scientific literature of horses making a full recovery once consumption has been stopped.
620:
The most common of those species that are totally reliant on ragwort for their survival is the cinnabar moth. The cinnabar is a United
Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan Species, its status described as "common and widespread, but rapidly declining".
700:. Aflatoxins are a common contaminant formed in feedstuffs by moulds. Research in the United Kingdom has produced results showing megalocytosis, which may be due to various causes, to be a relatively uncommon cause of liver disease in horses.
541:
plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project which is supported by the UK Insect
Pollinators Initiative. It also was the top producer of nectar sugar in another study in Britain, with a production per floral unit of (2921 Β± 448ΞΌg).
746:, ragwort is responsible for more than half of the total costs of that state's control of invasive species. The species has been calculated as the 8th most expensive invasive species in terms of cost to Australian farmers, at over
1065:
Donald
Macalastair of Druim-a-ghinnir on the Isle of Arran told a story of the fairies journeying to Ireland. The ragwort was their transport and every one of them picked a plant, sat astride and arrived in Ireland in an instant.
878:. As both larvae and adults are distinctly colored and marked, identification of cinnabars is easy outside of their natural range, and grounds and range keepers can quickly recognize them. In both countries, the
726:
Honey collected from ragwort has been found to contain small quantities of jacoline, jacobine, jacozine, senecionine, and seneciphylline, but the quantities have been judged as too minute to be of concern.
580:
Besides the fact that ragwort is very attractive to such a vast array of insects, some of these are very rare indeed. Of the 30 species that specifically feed on ragwort alone, seven are officially deemed
359:
heads are 1.5β2.5 centimetres (0.6β1.0 in) diameter, and are borne in dense, flat-topped clusters; the florets are bright yellow. It has a long flowering period lasting from June to
November (in the
1768:
677:(p. 322 Appendix II). There is a strong variation between plants from the same location in distribution between the possible alkaloids and even the absolute amount of alkaloids varies drastically.
689:
of the liver of a form identified as megalocytosis where cells are abnormally enlarged. Signs that a horse has been poisoned include yellow mucous membranes, depression, and lack of coordination.
2582:
A Modern Herbal: The
Medicinal, Culinary, Cosmetic and Economic Properties, Cultivation and Folk-lore of Herbs, Grasses, Fungi, Shrubs, & Trees with All Their Modern Scientific Uses, Volume 2
2182:
811:
445:
Ragwort is abundant in waste land, waysides and grazing pastures. Its natural habitat is sand dunes, but it is commonly found along road sides, railways and in light, low fertility soil.
814:
to prevent the spread of the plant. However, the growth of the plant is not made illegal by the Act and there is no statutory obligation for control placed upon landowners in general.
556:
692:
There is no definitive test for the poisoning however, since megalocytosis is not a change in the liver which is specific to ragwort poisoning. It is also seen in poisoning by other
2130:
Lessard, P.; Wilson, W. D.; Olander, H. J.; Rogers, Q. R.; Mendel, V. E. (1986). "Clinicopathologic study of horses surviving pyrrolizidine alkaloid (Senecio vulgaris) toxicosis".
821:
provides for a code of practice, which the government states is guidance, on ragwort and does not place any further legal responsibilities on landowners to control the plant.
1683:
998:: the Isle of Man, Arran, Bute, Islay, Jura, Mull, Iona, Eigg, Rum, Skye, Raasay, and the Outer Hebrides. The ragwort, in fact, usually has thirteen petals. The Manx poet
2328:
2318:
735:
As indicated above, common ragwort has become a problem in several areas in which it has been introduced, and various methods are employed to help prevent its spread.
2943:
1775:
915:, although it fades. The flowers can be used to produce a dye that is yellow when the fabric is mordanted with alum. Brown and orange dyes are also reported.
2669:
753:
It is also legislated as a noxious weed in New
Zealand, where farmers sometimes bring in helicopters to spray their farms if the ragwort is too widespread.
2186:
1591:
2690:"Tackling speciose genera: species composition and phylogenetic position of Senecio sect. Jacobaea (Asteraceae) based on plastid and nrDNA sequences"
2891:
1262:
2969:
2917:
2387:
McEvoy, Peter; Cox, Caroline; Coombs, Eric (1991). "Successful
Biological Control of Ragwort, Senecio Jacobaea, by Introduced Insects in Oregon".
1159:
1150:
614:
829:
351:
lobed and the end lobe is blunt. The many names that include the word "stinking" (and Mare's Fart) arise because of the unpleasant smell of the
3067:
1291:
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771:
582:
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1893:
715:
Some sensitive individuals can suffer from an allergic reaction because ragwort, like many members of the family Compositae, contains
525:
Although the plant is often unwanted by landowners because of its toxic effect for cattle and horses, and because it is considered a
3205:
2214:
2030:
838:
2243:
3152:
2904:
1687:
1711:"Providing foraging resources for solitary bees on farmland: current schemes for pollinators benefit a limited suite of species"
2930:
2652:
1221:
35:
3116:
1519:
2974:
2995:
1155:
2353:
1476:
McEvoy, Peter B.; Cox, Caroline S. (1987). "Wind Dispersal Distances in Dimorphic Achenes of Ragwort, Senecio Jacobaea".
806:
in this context indicates that it could be harmful to agriculture, not that it is dangerous to animals, as all the other
3131:
2322:
3185:
2956:
2770:
1792:
Macel, Mirka; Vrieling, Klaas; Klinkhamer, Peter G. L. (April 2004). "Variation in pyrrolizidine alkaloid patterns of
1231:
1743:
1710:
1253:
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1227:
3200:
879:
67:
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1798:
818:
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2458:
1595:
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888:
775:
720:
2883:
2857:
1977:
855:
3190:
2852:
2795:
2728:
2512:"Definition - Numen - The Latin Lexicon - An Online Latin Dictionary - A Dictionary of the Latin Language"
716:
589:. In short, ragwort is an exclusive food source for ten rare or threatened insect species, including the
2922:
1379:
1141:
843:
274:
184:
3157:
2679:
379:. Over a season, one plant may produce 2,000 to 2,500 yellow flowers in 20- to 60-headed, flat-topped
3023:
1807:
1630:
1403:
995:
934:
949:
and thought the plant was "under the command of Dame Venus, and cleanses, digests, and discusses."
666:
2805:
946:
849:
767:
603:
361:
2987:
2870:
2003:
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to the Mediterranean. In Britain and Ireland, where it is native, it is listed as a noxious weed.
3139:
2865:
2493:
2420:
2404:
2374:
2071:
1924:
1493:
1356:
609:
208:
62:
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1295:
674:
662:
54:
2948:
742:, and landholders are required to remove it from their property by law. In the island state of
658:
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2511:
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2112:
2063:
2026:
1959:
1916:
1874:
1823:
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1546:
1501:
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999:
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chose as his emblem the cushag flower, as its twelve petals represent one of the isles of the
942:
654:
650:
646:
545:
537:. It was rated in the top 10 for most nectar production (nectar per unit cover per year) in a
448:
It has been introduced in many other regions, and is listed as a weed in many. These include:
31:
2626:
2619:
2701:
2685:
2485:
2396:
2290:
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2055:
1951:
1908:
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1815:
1725:
1648:
1638:
1485:
1348:
1121:
497:
315:
1619:"Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows"
3031:
2354:"Ragwort Control Act 2003 Question for Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs"
1235:
810:
listed are non-toxic. Under the terms of this Act, a land occupier can be required by the
703:
The alkaloid does not actually accumulate in the liver but a breakdown product can damage
573:
549:
392:
200:
105:
645:. Alkaloids which have been found in the plant confirmed by the WHO report EHC 80 are --
249:, usually in dry, open places, and has also been widely distributed as a weed elsewhere.
2247:
1811:
1634:
923:
3054:
2844:
2370:
2295:
2270:
2107:
2090:
1955:
1869:
1842:
1653:
1618:
1539:
799:
787:
485:
396:
92:
2215:"Invasive species have cost Australia $ 390 billion in the past 60 years, study shows"
322:. In the UK, where it is native, it is often unwanted because of its toxic effect for
3174:
3059:
2657:
1052:
991:
875:
864:
642:
590:
586:
469:
220:
2438:
McLaren, D. A.; Ireson, J. E.; Kwong, R. M. (2000). "Biological Control of Ragwort (
2424:
1928:
1819:
1360:
3144:
2909:
2075:
739:
493:
319:
2775:
2762:
2046:
Durham, A. E. (2015). "Surveillance focus: Ragwort toxicity in horses in the UK".
1942:
Giles, C. J. (1983). "Outbreak of ragwort (Senecio jacobea) poisoning in horses".
778:, declares ragwort as a noxious weed, requiring landowners to control its growth.
3108:
1912:
1643:
452:
North America: The United States, present mainly in the northwest and northeast:
438:
Ragwort is native to the Eurasian continent. In Europe it is widely spread, from
3000:
2982:
2554:
2157:
1114:
1058:
987:
938:
901:
871:
860:
670:
534:
439:
376:
17:
2751:
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3046:
2286:
1352:
1325:
1084:
1080:
953:
693:
481:
453:
335:
242:
151:
2831:
2839:
2332:
1729:
1428:
1109:
1095:
956:
had a more positive opinion of the plant, as revealed in this poem of 1831:
697:
686:
388:
348:
141:
2961:
2715:
2444:
Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds
2416:
2304:
2116:
2067:
1920:
1878:
1827:
1662:
1505:
3098:
3036:
2457:
Filley, Shelby; Hulting, Andy; Pirelli, Gene; Coombs, Eric (August 2011).
2143:
1963:
1859:
629:
3093:
3008:
2785:
2745:
2706:
2689:
1459:
Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Science and Industrial Research
1187:
1089:
905:
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638:
473:
461:
161:
131:
118:
2896:
2673:
2497:
2408:
2357:
1497:
1183:
1101:
477:
246:
2680:
The Merck Veterinary Manual introduction to pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis
2059:
1843:"Alkaloid-Containing Plants Poisonous to Cattle and Horses in Europe"
530:
489:
384:
380:
356:
331:
327:
323:
2722:
2489:
2400:
1489:
719:
which can cause compositae dermatitis. These are different from the
2660:
World Health Organisationβthe full text of the report is available.
1978:"Is ragwort poisonous? A ragwort mythbuster | Friends of the Earth"
937:(c.40-90 CE) recommended the herb. The two "fathers" of herbalism,
2935:
2472:
Cameron, Ewen (1935). "A Study of the Natural Control of Ragwort (
1894:"Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Toxicity and problems"
1266:
1212:
922:
828:
681:
628:
613:). The Sussex Emerald has been labelled a Priority Species in the
555:
544:
465:
457:
308:
79:
1453:
Poole, A. L.; Cairns, D. (1940). "Botanical Aspects of Ragwort (
1003:
526:
513:
352:
2726:
2666:
This website is the English version of a Dutch ragwort website
912:
704:
372:
368:
338:
and its ecological importance is thus considered significant.
30:"Cushag" and "Ragwort" redirect here. For the Manx poet, see
2672:
Information on the importance of ragwort to wildlife on the
2663:
2004:"Acute Liver-Atrophy and Parenchymatous Hepatitis in Horses"
886:) has been introduced to combat the plant. Another beetle,
538:
812:
Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
2658:
Environmental Health Criteria 80 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
1709:
Wood, Thomas J.; Holland, John M.; Goulson, Dave (2016).
1339:
Howatt, Stephen (1989). "The Toxicity of Tansy Ragwort".
2091:"Tansy ragwort poisoning in a horse in southern Ontario"
299:. In the western United States it is generally known as
1306:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
738:
In many Australian states ragwort has been declared a
347:
0 in β 6 ft 7 in). The leaves are
2688:; Gravendeel, Barbara; van der Meijden, Ruud (2002).
2271:"Management practices for control of ragwort species"
1769:"The United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan - moths"
1617:
Hicks, D. M.; Ouvrard, P.; Baldock, K. C. R. (2016).
1594:. Conservation Grade. 15 October 2014. Archived from
1537:
Clapham, A. R.; Tutin, T. G.; Warburg, E. F. (1968).
772:
Noxious Weeds (Thistle, Ragwort, and Dock) Order 1937
2735:
2555:"Plants For A Future Species Database Bibliography"
2021:Jubb, K. V. F.; Kennedy, P. C.; Palmer, N. (2007).
2618:
2329:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
2319:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
1538:
2188:Surveillance for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey
1841:Cortinovis, Cristina; Caloni, Francesca (2015).
2625:(1981 reprint ed.). Colin Smythe. p.
969:The sun tanned sward in splendid hues that burn
960:Ragwort thou humble flower with tattered leaves
833:Flowering plant with cinnabar moth caterpillars
1774:. Butterfly Conservation. 2007. Archived from
1592:"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?"
911:The leaves can be used to obtain a good green
419:- the typical plant, with ray florets present.
1520:"Seven of the most invasive plants in the UK"
1326:"Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board"
945:, also recommended the herb. Culpeper was an
723:which are responsible for the toxic effects.
241:, is a very common wild flower in the family
8:
2461:. Oregon State University Extension Service.
2371:Revised text of the Ragwort Control Act 2003
1545:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
966:Thy waste of shining blossoms richly shields
2653:Plume moth working to control ragwort in NZ
2183:Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
2008:Union of South Africa. Dept. of Agriculture
2723:
2191:, UK Food Standards Agency, archived from
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
975:Of the rich sunshine doth to paleness turn
963:I love to see thee come and litter gold...
641:, making it poisonous to certain animals.
53:
42:
2705:
2596:"Island Facts - Isle of Man Government -"
2294:
2106:
2010:: 7β164 – via Cabi Digital Library.
1901:Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A
1868:
1858:
1652:
1642:
1178:
1176:
972:So bright and glaring that the very light
680:Ragwort is of concern to people who keep
577:). Pollen is collected by solitary bees.
1763:
1761:
1263:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
978:And seems but very shadows in thy sight.
794:) is one of the five plants named as an
27:Flowering plant, daisy family Asteraceae
2132:American Journal of Veterinary Research
1160:United States Department of Agriculture
1151:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1133:
1038:To gladden our hearts with their grace.
904:was made from the plant; it was called
859:. Ragwort is best known as the food of
615:United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan
1404:"BMP:TANSY RAGWORT (Senecio jacobaea)"
900:In ancient Greece and Rome a supposed
601:), the scarce clouded knot horn moth (
1744:"Common caterpillars: A simple guide"
1304:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
585:. A further three species are on the
529:by many, it provides a great deal of
391:-like groups of prickly hairs called
307:, though its resemblance to the true
7:
3122:815c4c96-ff9c-4015-9e0e-bbe427615e09
3024:f99d3695-7032-43f3-9c50-4b82f4c8a47a
1541:Excursion flora of the British Isles
2621:The Fairy-faith in Celtic countries
2223:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2025:(5th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
1240:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1076:List of plants poisonous to equines
1956:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01781.x
1029:The Cushag may shine like the sun.
367:Pollination is by a wide range of
25:
982:The ragwort, under its Manx name
3086:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:245719-1
2089:De Lanux-Van Gorder, V. (2000).
1746:. countrylife.co.uk. 7 June 2017
1374:Parnell, J.; Curtis, T. (2012).
1020:Where the farmer's work is done.
1002:(1852β1937) wrote the following
986:, is the national flower of the
919:Literature, poetry and mythology
637:Ragwort contains many different
607:), and the Sussex emerald moth (
330:, but it is also valued for its
66:
2095:The Canadian Veterinary Journal
1820:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.02.009
1222:International Plant Names Index
1047:The Cushags have still a place.
36:list of plants known as ragwort
2377:. Accessed on 9 December 2011.
2002:Theiler, Arnold (April 1918).
429:- the ray florets are missing.
334:production which feeds insect
1:
2023:Pathology of Domestic Animals
1156:Agricultural Research Service
1087:with similar looking genera (
1083:, a tribe also in the family
996:Kingdom of Mann and the Isles
516:in New Zealand and Australia.
408:Two subspecies are accepted:
1913:10.1080/19440049.2010.541288
1644:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117
1433:The Donkey Sanctuary Ireland
1117:with similar looking species
1113:, a genus also in the tribe
798:under the provisions of the
3211:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1232:Harvard University Herbaria
696:, such as nitrosamines and
597:), the picture winged fly (
314:In some countries it is an
245:that is native to northern
3227:
2694:American Journal of Botany
1718:Journal of Applied Ecology
1228:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1026:In the heart of the hills,
928:Ragwort thou humble flower
512:Australasia: a widespread
281:stinking nanny/ninny/willy
29:
2287:10.1007/s11101-010-9173-1
2269:Leiss, Kirsten A (2010).
2213:Khan, Jo (29 July 2021).
1944:Equine Veterinary Journal
1353:10.1017/S0890037X00032115
1032:Where the golden flowers,
1014:Now, the Cushag, we know,
880:tansy ragwort flea beetle
503:South America: Argentina;
214:
207:
190:
183:
63:Scientific classification
61:
52:
45:
3206:Plants described in 1753
819:Ragwort Control Act 2003
633:Structure of senecionine
509:Asia: India and Siberia;
34:. For other plants, see
2670:Buglife's ragwort pages
2664:Ragwort myths and facts
2537:"Senecio jacobaea - L."
2389:Ecological Applications
1730:10.1111/1365-2664.12718
1041:And in Vannin Veg Veen,
990:According to one story
889:Longitarsus ganglbaueri
721:pyrrolizidine alkaloids
2552:. Cites references at
2478:The Journal of Ecology
2275:Phytochemistry Reviews
1892:Wiedenfeld, H (2011).
930:
834:
776:Noxious Weeds Act 1936
717:sesquiterpene lactones
643:(EHC 80,section 9.1.4)
634:
563:
553:
2617:Wentz, W. Y. (1911).
2580:Grieve, Maud (1971).
1860:10.3390/toxins7124884
1380:Cork University Press
1376:Webb's An Irish Flora
1044:In the valleys green,
947:astrological botanist
926:
884:Longitarsus jacobaeae
856:Phycitodes saxicolais
844:Cochylis atricapitana
832:
632:
559:
548:
521:Ecological importance
506:Africa: North Africa;
377:moths and butterflies
252:Common names include
2707:10.3732/ajb.89.6.929
2335:on 12 September 2007
2244:"Ragwort in Ireland"
1982:friendsoftheearth.uk
1051:(Vannin Veg Veen is
1023:But along the rills,
935:Pedanius Dioscorides
933:The Greek physician
355:. The hermaphrodite
2559:Plants For A Future
2540:Plants For A Future
2442:L.) in Australia".
1812:2004PChem..65..865M
1684:"Ragwort Fact File"
1635:2016PLoSO..1158117H
1598:on 14 December 2019
1524:celsolicitors.co.uk
850:Phycitodes maritima
774:, issued under the
604:Homoeosoma nimbella
599:Campiglossa malaris
362:Northern Hemisphere
3186:Flora of Argentina
2375:Legislation.gov.uk
1328:. 18 October 2024.
1035:Have fairy powers,
931:
841:for the larvae of
835:
825:Biological control
790:, common ragwort (
635:
610:Thalera fimbrialis
564:
554:
318:and regarded as a
3168:
3167:
2729:Taxon identifiers
2686:Pieter B., Pelser
2636:978-0-901072-51-1
2048:Veterinary Record
1552:978-0-521-04656-5
1429:"Care and advice"
1215:Jacobaea vulgaris
1144:Jacobaea vulgaris
1000:Josephine Kermode
694:alkylating agents
625:Poisonous effects
583:nationally scarce
561:Jacobaea vulgaris
423:Jacobaea vulgaris
413:Jacobaea vulgaris
232:Jacobaea vulgaris
228:
227:
223:
194:Jacobaea vulgaris
47:Jacobaea vulgaris
32:Josephine Kermode
16:(Redirected from
3218:
3201:Medicinal plants
3161:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3112:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3050:
3049:
3047:Senecio_jacobaea
3040:
3039:
3027:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3014:Senecio~jacobaea
3004:
3003:
3001:NBNSYS0000004364
2991:
2990:
2978:
2977:
2965:
2964:
2952:
2951:
2939:
2938:
2926:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2899:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2873:
2871:Senecio jacobaea
2861:
2860:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2834:
2822:
2821:
2819:Senecio_jacobaea
2809:
2808:
2806:senecio-jacobaea
2799:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2737:Senecio jacobaea
2724:
2719:
2709:
2641:
2640:
2624:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2602:. Archived from
2592:
2586:
2585:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2516:latinlexicon.org
2508:
2502:
2501:
2474:Senecio Jacobaea
2469:
2463:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2440:Senecio jacobaea
2435:
2429:
2428:
2384:
2378:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2331:, archived from
2315:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2246:. Archived from
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2195:on 8 August 2007
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2060:10.1136/vr.h2817
2043:
2037:
2036:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1898:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1794:Senecio jacobaea
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1686:. Archived from
1680:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1567:"Common ragwort"
1563:
1557:
1556:
1544:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1484:(6): 2006β2015.
1473:
1467:
1466:
1455:Senecio jacobaea
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1408:WeedWise Program
1400:
1394:
1393:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1298:Senecio jacobaea
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1265:. Archived from
1260:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1190:Senecio jacobaea
1180:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1138:
1122:Senecio vulgaris
1017:Must never grow,
874:and the western
792:Senecio jacobaea
749:
316:invasive species
311:is superficial.
238:Senecio jacobaea
219:
217:Senecio jacobaea
196:
176:J. vulgaris
71:
70:
57:
43:
21:
18:Senecio jacobaea
3226:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3196:Flora of Europe
3171:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3058:
3053:
3045:
3043:
3035:
3032:Observation.org
3030:
3022:
3020:
3012:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2802:
2794:
2792:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2731:
2684:
2649:
2644:
2637:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2606:on 10 May 2007.
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2490:10.2307/2256123
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:"Tansy Ragwort"
2456:
2455:
2451:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2401:10.2307/1941900
2386:
2385:
2381:
2369:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2250:on 28 July 2009
2242:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2054:(24): 620β622.
2045:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1670:
1629:(6): e0158117.
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1526:. 13 July 2020.
1518:
1517:
1513:
1490:10.2307/1939891
1475:
1474:
1470:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1389:978-185918-4783
1373:
1372:
1368:
1341:Weed Technology
1338:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1272:on 26 June 2015
1269:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1242:. 29 June 2008.
1211:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1072:
921:
898:
868:Tyria jacobaeae
827:
808:injurious weeds
784:
764:
759:
750:over 60 years.
747:
733:
627:
595:Tyria jacobaeae
574:Lycaena phlaeas
523:
436:
406:
344:
262:stinking willie
203:
198:
192:
179:
65:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3224:
3222:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3149:
3145:wfo-0000075977
3136:
3126:
3113:
3103:
3090:
3077:
3064:
3051:
3041:
3028:
3018:
3005:
2992:
2979:
2966:
2953:
2940:
2927:
2914:
2901:
2888:
2875:
2862:
2849:
2836:
2823:
2810:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2767:
2757:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2700:(6): 929β939.
2682:
2677:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2647:External links
2645:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2609:
2587:
2572:
2561:. PFAF Charity
2542:. PFAF Charity
2528:
2503:
2484:(2): 265β322.
2464:
2449:
2430:
2395:(4): 430β442.
2379:
2363:
2345:
2324:Weeds Act 1959
2310:
2281:(1): 153β163.
2261:
2235:
2205:
2174:
2149:
2138:(8): 1776β80.
2122:
2081:
2038:
2031:
2013:
1994:
1969:
1934:
1907:(3): 282β292.
1884:
1853:(12): 5301β7.
1833:
1806:(7): 865β873.
1799:Phytochemistry
1784:
1781:on 7 May 2012.
1757:
1735:
1701:
1690:on 14 May 2012
1668:
1609:
1583:
1571:Garden Organic
1558:
1551:
1529:
1511:
1468:
1457:L.) Control".
1445:
1420:
1395:
1388:
1366:
1347:(2): 436β438.
1331:
1317:
1283:
1255:BSBI List 2007
1245:
1204:
1172:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1106:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
980:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
920:
917:
897:
894:
826:
823:
800:Weeds Act 1959
796:injurious weed
788:United Kingdom
783:
782:United Kingdom
780:
763:
760:
758:
755:
732:
729:
667:seneciphylline
626:
623:
522:
519:
518:
517:
510:
507:
504:
501:
435:
432:
431:
430:
420:
405:
402:
397:seed dispersal
343:
340:
258:common ragwort
226:
225:
212:
211:
205:
204:
199:
188:
187:
181:
180:
173:
171:
167:
166:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
122:
121:
116:
109:
108:
103:
96:
95:
90:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3223:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3191:Flora of Asia
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3132:tansy_ragwort
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2576:
2573:
2560:
2556:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2101:(5): 409β10.
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2032:9780702028236
2028:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:(3): 248β50.
1949:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1205:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
958:
957:
955:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
925:
918:
916:
914:
909:
907:
903:
895:
893:
891:
890:
885:
881:
877:
876:United States
873:
869:
866:
865:cinnabar moth
862:
858:
857:
852:
851:
846:
845:
840:
837:Ragwort is a
831:
824:
822:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
781:
779:
777:
773:
769:
761:
756:
754:
751:
745:
741:
736:
730:
728:
724:
722:
718:
713:
709:
706:
701:
699:
695:
690:
688:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
631:
624:
622:
618:
616:
612:
611:
606:
605:
600:
596:
592:
591:cinnabar moth
588:
587:IUCN Red List
584:
578:
576:
575:
568:
562:
558:
551:
547:
543:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
515:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Massachusetts
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:
449:
446:
443:
441:
433:
428:
424:
421:
418:
414:
411:
410:
409:
403:
401:
398:
395:, which help
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
354:
350:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
301:tansy ragwort
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
276:
271:
267:
266:tansy ragwort
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:
234:
233:
224:
222:
218:
213:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
189:
186:
185:Binomial name
182:
178:
177:
172:
169:
168:
165:
164:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
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320:noxious weed
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2162:iNaturalist
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1115:Senecioneae
1059:Isle of Man
988:Isle of Man
902:aphrodisiac
896:Other usage
872:New Zealand
802:. The word
757:Legislation
671:senecionine
535:pollinators
440:Scandinavia
342:Description
336:pollinators
297:stammerwort
285:staggerwort
106:Angiosperms
3175:Categories
3055:Plant List
2793:Calflora:
2600:www.gov.im
1602:18 October
1310:9 November
1292:USDA, NRCS
1276:17 October
1129:References
1085:Asteraceae
1081:Cichorieae
1006:about the
954:John Clare
839:food plant
698:aflatoxins
675:senkirkine
663:retrorsine
552:on ragwort
498:Washington
482:New Jersey
454:California
293:cankerwort
243:Asteraceae
152:Asteraceae
2884:242348344
2858:242348344
2840:FloraBase
2803:Cal-IPC:
2565:14 August
2546:14 August
2339:12 August
2199:12 August
2158:"Ragwort"
1236:Libraries
1188:"Species
1165:10 August
1110:Cineraria
1096:Leontodon
992:King Orry
952:The poet
804:injurious
687:cirrhosis
659:otosenine
639:alkaloids
550:Drone fly
389:dandelion
349:pinnately
275:St. James
170:Species:
142:Asterales
76:Kingdom:
3181:Jacobaea
3117:VicFlora
3106:VASCAN:
3094:Tropicos
3060:gcc-3265
3044:PalDat:
3009:NSWFlora
2988:2.159061
2949:11307069
2936:245719-1
2814:eFloraSA
2783:BioLib:
2752:Q1144724
2746:Wikidata
2716:21665692
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2425:21701854
2417:27755672
2305:21475410
2219:ABC News
2185:(1995),
2117:10816838
2068:26067012
1929:23218347
1921:21360374
1879:26670251
1828:15081286
1694:31 March
1663:27341588
1623:PLOS ONE
1506:29357152
1361:90478222
1294:(n.d.).
1090:Agoseris
1070:See also
943:Culpeper
906:satyrion
744:Tasmania
655:jacozine
651:jaconine
647:jacobine
486:New York
474:Michigan
462:Illinois
427:dunensis
417:vulgaris
404:Taxonomy
393:pappuses
209:Synonyms
163:Jacobaea
148:Family:
132:Asterids
119:Eudicots
3158:1124131
3099:2701260
2897:3097243
2676:website
2674:Buglife
2498:2256123
2409:1941900
2358:Hansard
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2228:30 July
2167:11 July
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2108:1476261
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1987:20 July
1964:6136403
1870:4690134
1808:Bibcode
1750:20 July
1654:4920406
1631:Bibcode
1498:1939891
1478:Ecology
1465:: 1β66.
1438:20 July
1413:20 July
1217:Gaertn"
1197:29 June
1184:UniProt
1102:Sonchus
863:of the
786:In the
768:Ireland
762:Ireland
748:A$ 500m
731:Control
478:Montana
385:achenes
381:corymbs
270:benweed
254:ragwort
247:Eurasia
235:, syn.
201:Gaertn.
158:Genus:
138:Order:
80:Plantae
3068:PLANTS
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3021:NZOR:
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328:horses
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3109:12022
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2962:49558
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2373:from
2072:S2CID
1925:S2CID
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458:Idaho
425:ssp.
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387:have
373:flies
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305:tansy
303:, or
277:-wort
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113:Clade
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1278:2014
1199:2008
1167:2012
1055:for
1053:Manx
1004:poem
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817:The
533:for
527:weed
514:weed
375:and
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