Thesis - Knowledge (XXG)

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requirements before the writing of the paper ensures adequate knowledge and aptitude for the challenge). Unlike a dissertation or master's thesis, they are not as long and they do not require a novel contribution to knowledge or even a very narrow focus on a set subtopic. Like them, they can be lengthy and require months of work, they require supervision by at least one professor adviser, they must be focused on a certain area of knowledge, and they must use an appreciable amount of scholarly citations. They may or may not be defended before a committee but usually are not; there is generally no preceding examination before the writing of the paper, except for at very few colleges. Because of the nature of the graduate thesis or dissertation having to be more narrow and more novel, the result of original research, these usually have a smaller proportion of the work that is cited from other sources, though the fact that they are lengthier may mean they still have more total citations.

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presented through an elaborate written report and a presentation to the advisor, a board of faculty members and students. At graduate level however, i.e. in MS, some universities allow students to accomplish a project of 6 credits or a thesis of 9 credits, at least one publication is normally considered enough for the awarding of the degree with project and is considered mandatory for the awarding of a degree with thesis. A written report and a public thesis defense is mandatory, in the presence of a board of senior researchers, consisting of members from an outside organization or a university. A PhD candidate is supposed to accomplish extensive research work to fulfill the dissertation requirements with international publications being a mandatory requirement. The defense of the research work is done publicly.

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qualifying examination are deemed capable of completing scholarly work independently and are allowed to proceed with working on a dissertation. Second, since the thesis supervisor (and the other members of the advisory committee) will normally have reviewed the thesis extensively before recommending the student to proceed to the defense, such an outcome would be regarded as a major failure not only on the part of the candidate but also by the candidate's supervisor (who should have recognized the substandard quality of the dissertation long before the defense was allowed to take place). It is also fairly rare for a thesis to be accepted without any revisions; the most common outcome of a defense is for the examiners to specify minor revisions (which the candidate typically completes in a few days or weeks).

1170:) is presented for defense in a public exam. The exam typically extends over 3 hours. The examination board typically involves 5 to 6 scholars (including the advisor) or other experts with a PhD degree (generally at least half of them must be external to the university where the candidate defends the thesis, but it may depend on the university). Each university / faculty defines the length of these documents, and it can vary also in respect to the domains (a thesis in fields like philosophy, history, geography, etc., usually has more pages than a thesis in mathematics, computer science, statistics, etc.) but typical numbers of pages are around 60–80 for MSc and 150–250 for PhD. 736: 1602:

university (usually from Commonwealth countries). The choice of examiners must be approved by the university senate. In some public universities, a PhD or MPhil candidate may also have to show a number of publications in peer reviewed academic journals as part of the requirement. An oral viva is conducted after the examiners have submitted their reports to the university. The oral viva session is attended by the Oral Viva chairman, a rapporteur with a PhD qualification, the first examiner, the second examiner and sometimes the third examiner.

1242: 79: 2555: 1847:, the student must submit a complete copy of the thesis to the appropriate body within the accepting institution, along with the appropriate forms, bearing the signatures of the primary supervisor, the examiners, and in some cases, the head of the student's department. Other required forms may include library authorizations (giving the university library permission to make the thesis available as part of its collection) and 1653:(someone not otherwise connected to the university), and a chair person. Each committee member will have been given a completed copy of the dissertation prior to the defense, and will come prepared to ask questions about the thesis itself and the subject matter. In many schools, master's thesis defenses are restricted to the examinee and the examiners, but doctoral defenses are open to the public. 1783: 423: 1688:(DEA) lasted two years and candidates were required to complete coursework and demonstrate their ability to research the specific topics they have studied. From 2011 on, these courses were replaced by academic Master's programmes that include specific training on epistemology, and scientific methodology. After its completion, students are able to enroll in a specific PhD programme ( 1030:(kz "магистрлік/докторлық диссертация"). All the works are publicly presented to the special council at the end of the training, which thoroughly examines the work. PhD candidates may be allowed to present their work without a written thesis, if they provide enough publications in leading journals of the field, and one of which should be a review article specifically. 3190: 227: 2569: 1769:

members of the faculty or the university to attend. At the University of Oxford, for instance, any member of the university may attend a DPhil viva (the university's regulations require that details of the examination and its time and place be published formally in advance) provided they attend in full academic dress.

518:, respectively. According to a committee resolution, the dissertation can be approved or rejected by an academic committee consisting of the thesis director and at least one evaluator. All the dissertation referees must already have achieved at least the academic degree that the candidate is trying to reach. 1476:

confirmation that they have been satisfactorily completed. If, as is often the case, the needed revisions are relatively modest, the examiners may all sign the thesis with the verbal understanding that the candidate will review the revised thesis with their supervisor before submitting the completed version.

1288:). A licentiate degree is approximately "half a PhD" in terms of the size and scope of the thesis. Swedish PhD studies should in theory last for four years, including course work and thesis work, but as many PhD students also teach, the PhD often takes longer to complete. The thesis can be written as a 1486:

The thesis must be revised extensively and undergo the evaluation and defense process again from the beginning with the same examiners. Problems may include theoretical or methodological issues. A candidate who is not recommended for the degree after the second defense must normally withdraw from the

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presentations (though this varies across universities), whereas a master thesis or doctorate dissertation is accomplished in the last term alone and is defended once. In most universities, a thesis is required for the bestowment of a degree to a candidate alongside a number of units earned throughout

408:

The role of the thesis supervisor is to assist and support a student in their studies, and to determine whether a thesis is ready for examination. The thesis is authored by the student, not the supervisor. The duties of the thesis supervisor also include checking for copyright compliance and ensuring

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Similar to a thesis for a master's degree by research, a thesis for the research component of a master's degree by coursework is also usually examined by two examiners, one from the candidate's department and one from another university. For an Honours year, which is a fourth year in addition to the

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have shifted to using only two examiners) without a live defense except in extremely rare exceptions. In the case of a master's degree by research, the thesis is usually examined by only two examiners. Typically, one of these examiners will be from within the candidate's own department; the other(s)

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to be submitted before being allowed to write a thesis. This project is mostly given as a prerequisite writing course to the actual thesis and is accomplished in the term period before; supervision is provided by one professor assigned to a class. This project is later to be presented in front of an

399:

or prospectus meeting, and may consist of members of the comps committee. The committee members are doctors in their field (whether a PhD or other designation) and have the task of reading the dissertation, making suggestions for changes and improvements, and sitting in on the defense. Sometimes, at

1936:

Originally, the concepts "dissertation" and "thesis" (plural, "theses") were not interchangeable. When, at ancient universities, the lector had completed his lecture, there would traditionally follow a disputation, during which students could take up certain points and argue them. The position that

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In Italy there are normally three types of thesis. In order of complexity: one for the Laurea (equivalent to the UK Bachelor's Degree), another one for the Laurea Magistrale (equivalent to the UK Master's Degree) and then a thesis to complete the Dottorato di Ricerca (PhD). Thesis requirements vary

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Like the British model, the PhD or MPhil student is required to submit their thesis or dissertation for examination by two or three examiners. The first examiner is from the university concerned, the second examiner is from another local university and the third examiner is from a suitable foreign

1047:

In Pakistan, at undergraduate level the thesis is usually called final year project, as it is completed in the senior year of the degree, the name project usually implies that the work carried out is less extensive than a thesis and bears lesser credit hours too. The undergraduate level project is

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Malaysian universities often follow the British model for dissertations and degrees. However, a few universities follow the United States model for theses and dissertations. Some public universities have both British and US style PhD programs. Branch campuses of British, Australian and Middle East

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In the presence of my peers. With the completion of my doctorate in , in my quest for knowledge, I have carried out demanding research, demonstrated intellectual rigour, ethical reflection, and respect for the principles of research integrity. As I pursue my professional career, whatever my chosen

1768:

In the United Kingdom, there are only two or at most three examiners, and in many universities the examination is held in private. The candidate's primary supervisor is not permitted to ask or answer questions during the viva, and their presence is not necessary. However, some universities permit

1452:(in which case the candidate may immediately be considered to have received their degree), or at a later date, in which case the examiners may prepare a defense report that is forwarded to a Board or Committee of Postgraduate Studies, which then officially recommends the candidate for the degree. 1358:

A wide range of supervisory arrangements can be found in the British academy, from single supervisors (more usual for undergraduate and Masters level work) to supervisory teams of up to three supervisors. In teams, there will often be a Director of Studies, usually someone with broader experience

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At most North American institutions the latter two verdicts are extremely rare, for two reasons. First, to obtain the status of doctoral candidates, graduate students typically pass a qualifying examination or comprehensive examination, which often includes an oral defense. Students who pass the

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in the UK and certain other English-speaking countries). This examination normally occurs after the dissertation is finished but before it is submitted to the university, and may comprise a presentation (often public) by the student and questions posed by an examining committee or jury. In North

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Specific undergraduate courses, especially writing-intensive courses or courses taken by upperclassmen, may also require one or more extensive written assignments referred to variously as theses, essays, or papers. Increasingly, high schools are requiring students to complete a senior project or

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and a written report can be achieved instead. The examination board often consists of three to five examiners, often professors in a university (with a Masters or PhD degree) depending on the university's examination rules. Required word length, complexity, and contribution to scholarship varies

1863:. Specialist abstracting services exist to publicize the content of these beyond the institutions in which they are produced. Many institutions now insist on submission of digitized as well as printed copies of theses; the digitized versions of successful theses are often made available online. 1764:

from a different university. Increasingly, the examination may involve a third academic, the 'chair'; this person, from the candidate's institution, acts as an impartial observer with oversight of the examination process to ensure that the examination is fair. The 'chair' does not ask academic

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A student in Russia or Ukraine has to complete a thesis and then defend it in front of their department. Sometimes the defense meeting is made up of the learning institute's professionals and sometimes the students peers are allowed to view or join in. After the presentation and defense of the

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Revisions (for example, correction of numerous grammatical or spelling errors; clarification of concepts or methodology; an addition of sections) are required. One or more members of the jury or the thesis supervisor will make the decision on the acceptability of revisions and provide written

275:

Dissertations normally report on a research project or study, or an extended analysis of a topic. The structure of a thesis or dissertation explains the purpose, the previous research literature impinging on the topic of the study, the methods used, and the findings of the project. Most world

217:

For Aristotle, a thesis would therefore be a supposition that is stated in contradiction with general opinion or express disagreement with other philosophers (104b33-35). A supposition is a statement or opinion that may or may not be true depending on the evidence and/or proof that is offered

271:

or more usually a references section. They differ in their structure in accordance with the many different areas of study (arts, humanities, social sciences, technology, sciences, etc.) and the differences between them. In a thesis by publication, the chapters constitute an introductory and

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In the Philippines, a thesis is followed by an oral defense. In most universities, this applies to all bachelor, master, and doctorate degrees. However, the oral defense is held in once per semester (usually in the middle or by the end) with a presentation of revisions (so-called "plenary

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academic designation. These projects are called "senior projects" or "senior theses"; they are generally done in the senior year near graduation after having completed other courses, the independent study period, and the internship or student teaching period (the completion of most of the

920:

In India, PG Qualifications such as MSc Physics accompanies submission of dissertation in Part I and submission of a Project (a working model of an innovation) in Part II. Engineering and Designing qualifications such as BTech, B.E., B.Des, MTech, M.E. or M.Des also involves submission of

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academic panel, often the entire faculty of an academic department, with their recommendations contributing to the acceptance, revision, or rejection of the initial topic. In addition, the presentation of the research project will help the candidate choose their primary thesis adviser.

1359:(perhaps having passed some threshold of successful supervisions). The Director may be involved with regular supervision along with the other supervisors, or may have more of an oversight role, with the other supervisors taking on the more day-to-day responsibilities of supervision. 344:

practice can cause confusion where electronic document viewers number all pages of a document continuously from the first page, independent of any printed page numbers. They, therefore, avoid the traditional separate number sequence for front matter and require a single sequence of

1197:). To complete both bachelor's and master's degree, a student is required to write a thesis and to then defend the work publicly. The length of this manuscript usually is given in page count and depends upon educational institution, its departments, faculties, and fields of study 755:

and it is reserved for the final work of doctoral candidates. The minimum page length is generally (and not formally) 100 pages (or about 400,000 characters), but is usually several times longer (except for technical theses and for "exact sciences" such as physics and maths).

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Generally speaking, a dissertation is judged as to whether it makes an original and unique contribution to scholarship. Lesser projects (a master's thesis, for example) are judged by whether they demonstrate mastery of available scholarship in the presentation of an idea.

598:

A typical undergraduate paper or essay might be forty pages. Master's theses are approximately one hundred pages. PhD theses are usually over two hundred pages. This may vary greatly by discipline, program, college, or university. A study published in 2021 found that in

1659:

At some U.S. institutions, a longer public lecture (known as a "thesis talk" or "thesis seminar") by the candidate will accompany the defense itself, in which case only the candidate, the examiners, and other members of the faculty may attend the actual defense.

1005:) in their Doctorate degree, both of which requiring the students to defend their research before a committee and gaining their approval. Most of the norms and rules of writing a thesis or a dissertation are influenced by the French higher education system. 308:

that candidates have to follow when preparing a thesis document. In addition to institution-specific house styles, there exist a number of field-specific, national, and international standards and recommendations for the presentation of theses, for instance

965:. Undergraduate students usually begin to write their final assignment in their third, fourth or fifth enrollment year, depends on the requirements of their respective disciplines and universities. In some universities, students are required to write a 1859:) use copyright agreements that allow the authors to incorporate their published articles into dissertations without separate authorization. Once all the paperwork is in order, copies of the thesis may be made available in one or more university 1432:

America, an initial oral examination in the field of specialization may take place just before the student settles down to work on the dissertation. An additional oral exam may take place after the dissertation is completed and is known as a

1497:

The thesis is unacceptable and the candidate must withdraw from the program. This verdict is given only when the thesis requires major revisions and when the examination makes it clear that the candidate is incapable of making such

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usual three-year bachelor's degree, the thesis is also examined by two examiners, though both are usually from the candidate's own department. Honours and Master's theses sometimes require an oral defense before they are accepted.

1703:), with an average of 250 pages, is the main requisite along with typically one previously published journal article. Once candidates have published their written dissertations, they will be evaluated by two external academics ( 367:

However, strict standards are not always required. Most Italian universities, for example, have only general requirements on the character size and the page formatting, and leave much freedom for the actual typographic details.

1367:

In some U.S. doctoral programs, the "dissertation" can take up the major part of the student's total time spent (along with two or three years of classes) and may take years of full-time work to complete. At most universities,

1233:"bakalárska práca" for bachelors programme, master's thesis or "diplomová práca" for master's degrees, and also doctor of medicine or dentistry degrees and dissertation "dizertačná práca" for Philosophiae doctor (PhD.) degree. 630:(literally "final work" or "concluding work") is defended after 3 years of study and is about 30 pages long. Most students with bachelor's degrees continue onto master's programmes which end with a master's thesis called 973:(thesis proposal) before they could write their final assignment. If the thesis proposal is considered to fulfill the qualification by the academic examiners, students then may proceed to write their final assignment. 2123: 1153:

is reserved for PhD and Habilitation degrees. All the theses need to be "defended" by the author during a special examination for the given degree. Examinations for PhD and Habilitation degrees are public.

213:

A 'thesis' is a supposition of some eminent philosopher that conflicts with the general opinion...for to take notice when any ordinary person expresses views contrary to men's usual opinions would be silly.

1464:

The thesis is accepted as presented. A grade may be awarded, though in many countries PhDs are not graded at all, and in others, only one of the theoretically possible grades (the highest) is ever used in

912:

are two examiners, one guide (student guide) and the candidate. One examiner is an academic from the candidate's own university department (but not one of the candidate's supervisors) and the other is an

703:, which make up the majority of degrees conferred in Finland, and this is therefore the most common type of thesis submitted in the country. The equivalent for engineering and architecture students is 1676:

of the educational institute. This conclusion (final grade so to speak) of the thesis can be defended/argued not only at the thesis council, but also in any other thesis council of Russia or Ukraine.

157:

The required complexity or quality of research of a thesis or dissertation can vary by country, university, or program, and the required minimum study period may thus vary significantly in duration.

1382:

is also used to describe a cumulative project for a bachelor's degree and is more common at selective colleges and universities, or for those seeking admittance to graduate school or to obtain an

2394: 610:(LAC) through a partnership with Canadian universities who participate in the program. Most theses can also be found in the institutional repository of the university the student graduated from. 2524: 1166:) is required for completion of a master's degree. The defense is done in a public presentation in which teachers, students, and the general public can participate. For the PhD, a thesis ( 1760:

are two examiners and the candidate. Usually, one examiner is an academic from the candidate's own university department (but not one of the candidate's supervisors) and the other is an

292:

e) an analysis and discussion chapter: analysing the findings and discussing them in the context of the literature review (this chapter is often divided into two—analysis and discussion)

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will usually be from other universities and often from overseas. Following submission of the thesis, copies are sent by mail to examiners and then reports sent back to the institution.

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presentation") at the end of each semester. The oral defense is typically not held in public for bachelor and master oral defenses, however a colloquium is held for doctorate degrees.

1692:) and begin a dissertation on a set topic for a maximum time of three years (full-time) and five years (part-time). All students must have a full professor as an academic advisor ( 1559:, master's and doctoral degrees as well as to most bachelor's degrees. However, a process that allows for revisions of the thesis is usually only implemented for doctoral degrees. 1221:(doctoral dissertation). In pre Bologna programmes students were able to skip the preparation and presentation of a Master's thesis and continue straightforward towards doctorate. 388:

and two or more committee members, who supervise the progress of the dissertation and may also act as the examining committee, or jury, at the oral examination of the thesis (see

1707:) and subsequently it is usually exhibited publicly for fifteen natural days. After its approval, candidates must defend publicly their research before a three-member committee ( 1649:

The examining committee normally consists of the thesis committee, usually a given number of professors mainly from the student's university plus their primary supervisor, an

1095:

An undergraduate thesis is completed in the final year of the degree alongside existing seminar (lecture) or laboratory courses, and is often divided into two presentations:

2343: 2185: 1605:

Branch campuses of British, Australian and Middle East universities in Malaysia use the respective models of the home campuses to examine their PhD or MPhil candidates.

286:

c) a methodology chapter, explaining how the research has been designed and why the research methods/population/data collection and analysis being used have been chosen

1622:

In Portugal, a thesis is examined with an oral defense, which includes an initial presentation by the candidate followed by an extensive question and answer session.

1189:

In Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine an academic dissertation or thesis is called what can be literally translated as a "master's degree work" (thesis), whereas the word

3215: 3152: 2011: 1593:

In each case, what exactly is expected differs between universities and between faculties. Some universities also demand a combination of several of these forms.

490:, in all the cases the students must develop original contribution in the chosen fields by means of several paper work and essays that comprehend the body of the 646:

In the Czech Republic, higher education is completed by passing all classes remaining to the educational compendium for given degree and defending a thesis. For

3137: 2980: 2629: 1396: 1014:

greatly between degrees and disciplines, ranging from as low as 3–4 ECTS credits to more than 30. Thesis work is mandatory for the completion of a degree.

94:) by Guilielmus ab Irhoven (Willem van Irhoven) on the authority of the Rector magnificus Johannes Jacobus Vitriarius (Jan Jacob Glazenmaker), 7 July 1721. 486:, the academic dissertation can be referred to as different stages inside the academic program that the student is seeking to achieve into a recognized 364:, order of components, and citation style, will be checked page by page by the accepting officer before the thesis is accepted and a receipt is issued. 2573: 3147: 2528: 218:(152b32). The purpose of the dissertation is thus to outline the proofs of why the author disagrees with other philosophers or the general opinion. 2043: 2015: 1656:

The typical format will see the candidate giving a short (20–40-minute) presentation of their research, followed by one to two hours of questions.

831:

Length is often given in page count and depends upon departments, faculties, and fields of study. A bachelor's thesis is often 40–60 pages long, a

787:

field, I pledge, to the greatest of my ability, to continue to maintain integrity in my relationship to knowledge, in my methods and in my results.

1851:

permissions (in the event that the student has incorporated copyrighted materials in the thesis). Many large scientific publishing houses (e.g.

2467: 2317: 782:

Since 2023, at the end of the admission process, the doctoral student takes an oath of commitment to the principles of scientific integrity

1440:, which at some universities may be a mere formality and at others may result in the student being required to make significant revisions. 1209:

is a prerequisite for completing undergraduate studies. The thesis used to be 40–60 pages long, but has been reduced to 20–30 pages in new

735: 595:(here too, the latter requires more courses). All these documents are usually synthetic monograph related to the student's research work. 2153: 482: 395:

At most universities, the committee is chosen by the student in conjunction with their primary adviser, usually after completion of the

2370:"A habilitation: Arabic translation, meaning, synonyms, antonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, transcription, definition, phrases" 1669:

thesis, the final conclusion of the department should be that none of them have reservations on the content and quality of the thesis.

2907: 2251: 1217:(Master's thesis) that is longer and more detailed than the undergraduate thesis. The required submission for the doctorate is called 2273: 1056:

In the Philippines, an academic thesis is named by the degree, such as bachelor/undergraduate thesis or masteral thesis. However, in

622:

in Croatia, a degree is obtained by defending a thesis after having passed all the classes specified in the degree programme. In the

2970: 2622: 1830: 487: 462: 1570:("defense"), is usually public (at least to members of the university) and is focused on the topic of the thesis. In contrast, the 384:) is a committee that supervises a student's dissertation. In the US, these committees usually consist of a primary supervisor or 1265:/two-year master's thesis, which corresponds to 30 HP or 20 weeks of independent studies. The undergraduate theses are called 2917: 1808: 1527: 527: 444: 1937:

one took during a disputation was the thesis, while the dissertation was the line of reasoning with which one buttressed it.

707:. At many Finnish universities, the 21st century has seen a substantial reduction in the requirements for this thesis level. 3230: 3167: 2419: 2295: 1531: 70: 3180: 3162: 3132: 2615: 587:"' (the latter requires the student to take more courses). For the fulfillment of a doctoral degree, they may present a 1249:

In Sweden, there are different types of theses. Practices and definitions vary between fields but commonly include the

38: 3127: 2126:

See also M. Rogers, M. Sims, J. Bird and S. Elliott (2020) Organisational narratives vs the lived neoliberal reality.

883: 607: 2124:

Imperial College London, 'Roles and Responsibilities: Research Degree Supervision'. July 2014. Accessed 17 March 2020

1793: 409:

that the student has included in/with the thesis a statement attesting that he/she is the sole author of the thesis.

251:, with or without appended papers, respectively, though many graduate programs allow candidates to submit a curated 3142: 3122: 1685: 1415: 600: 1812: 1797: 1406:

The required complexity or quality of research of a thesis may vary significantly among universities or programs.

1068:(as in the case of "doctoral dissertation"), though in official documentation the former is still used. The terms 433: 400:

least one member of the committee must be a professor in a department that is different from that of the student.

336:(title page, abstract, table of content, etc.) must use a separate page number sequence from the main text, using 1882: 1535: 396: 560:(Honours Seminar Thesis). Major papers presented as the final project for a master's degree are normally called 3220: 2485: 1510:

stage to be subject to major revisions in which a substantial rewrite is required, sometimes followed by a new

922: 280:

a) an introduction: which introduces the research topic, the methodology, as well as its scope and significance

1241: 267:, comprising the various chapters like introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and 2139:

M. Rogers, M. Sims, J. Bird and S. Elliott (2020) Organisational narratives vs the lived neoliberal reality.

3059: 3003: 2559: 1843:

A submission of the thesis is the last formal requirement for most students after the defense. By the final

1804: 942: 531: 440: 78: 63: 3099: 2815: 2771: 2073:. Vol. 1. Translated by Pickard-Cambridge, W.A. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. Bk. I.11 104b19–23. 1902: 1897: 1887: 634:(literally "diploma work" or "graduate work"). The term dissertation is used for a doctoral degree paper ( 283:

b) a literature review: reviewing relevant literature and showing how this has informed the research issue

252: 2597: 550:. High-quality research papers presented as the empirical study of a "postgraduate" consecutive bachelor 3089: 3064: 2841: 2750: 2662: 2047: 1194: 744: 686: 244: 122:

or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings. In some contexts, the word

1586:, which generally refers to a usually public scientific discussion and is often used synonymously with 546:. A longer paper or essay presented for completion of a 4-year bachelor's degree is sometimes called a 1332:

is the more common term for a substantial project submitted as part of a taught master's degree or an

494:. Correspondingly to the academic degree, the last phase of an academic thesis is called in Spanish a 3157: 3079: 3044: 2998: 2886: 2846: 2831: 1515: 1333: 682: 654:(bachelor's thesis), for master's degrees and also doctor of medicine or dentistry degrees it is the 647: 231: 127: 2680: 2638: 1912: 1852: 1277: 719: 700: 579:

At French-language universities, for the fulfillment of a master's degree, students can present a "

507: 147: 1981: 921:

dissertation. In all the cases, the dissertation can be extended for summer internship at certain

3049: 2685: 2657: 2369: 1877: 1293: 1057: 619: 260: 1643: 1578:) is not held in public and also encompasses fields in addition to the topic of the thesis. The 511: 131: 1730:) lasts 45 minutes and all attendants holding a doctoral degree are eligible to ask questions. 1526:

In Australia, doctoral theses are usually examined by three examiners (although some, like the

3225: 3210: 3105: 2993: 2960: 2781: 2702: 1761: 1673: 1650: 1556: 1551:

In Germany, a thesis is usually examined with an oral examination. This applies to almost all

1337: 914: 603:, between 2000 and 2020, master's and PhD theses averaged 127.4 and 245.6 pages respectively. 310: 264: 83: 2160: 1355:

Thesis word lengths may differ by faculty/department and are set by individual universities.

1261:/one year master's thesis, which corresponds to 15 HP or 10 weeks of independent studies and 1076:

are commonly used interchangeably in everyday language yet it is generally understood that a

3194: 3094: 3008: 2730: 2652: 1907: 1421:

One of the requirements for certain advanced degrees is often an oral examination (called a

1391:

senior thesis on a chosen topic during the final year as a prerequisite for graduation. The

1341: 986: 385: 143: 2110: 360:(where a copy of the dissertation will become a permanent part of the library collection), 3235: 3069: 2866: 2856: 2803: 2786: 2712: 2601: 1892: 1872: 1399:, offered in a growing number of American high schools, is another example of this trend. 1258: 1210: 962: 835:

and a master's thesis usually 60–100. The required submission for a doctorate is called a

623: 357: 346: 119: 1087:

The Philippine system is influenced by American collegiate system, in that it requires a

356:

Presentation requirements, including pagination, layout, type and color of paper, use of

772:

in French is reserved for shorter (1,000–2,000 words), more generic academic treatises.

3018: 2988: 2924: 2891: 2861: 2810: 2697: 2692: 1756:

lasts for approximately 3 hours, though there is no formal time limit. Involved in the

1392: 740: 723: 662:. Thesis for so called Higher-Professional School (Vyšší odborná škola, VOŠ) is called 551: 337: 2554: 820:). For bachelor's and master's degrees, the name can alternatively be complemented by 606:

Theses Canada acquires and preserves a comprehensive collection of Canadian theses at

340:. The relevant international standard and many newer style guides recognize that this 3204: 3074: 2881: 2851: 2735: 2720: 1448:

The result of the examination may be given immediately following deliberation by the

2318:"Tutkielma ja kypsyysnäyte maisteri- ja lisensiaattiohjelmissa | Opiskelijan ohjeet" 1383: 1138: 859: 844: 268: 2579: 1229:

In Slovakia, higher education is completed by defending a thesis, which is called

272:

comprehensive review of the appended published and unpublished article documents.

1253:/Bachelor thesis, which corresponds to 15 HP or 10 weeks of independent studies, 1026:(kz "бакалаврдың дипломдық жұмысы"), while the master's and PhD degree require a 3054: 2912: 2871: 2725: 1782: 765:, the French equivalent of a master's thesis in other higher education systems. 658:(master's thesis), and for Philosophiae doctor (PhD.) degree it is dissertation 422: 341: 333: 305: 191: 146:. In other contexts, such as within most institutions of the United Kingdom and 2423: 2028: 1965: 154:

is sometimes used to refer to both master's theses and doctoral dissertations.

2934: 2836: 1844: 1104:

their academic period of stay, though for practice and skills-based degrees a

761: 674:

The following types of thesis are used in Finland (names in Finnish/Swedish):

361: 256: 2445: 1738:

In Hong Kong, Ireland and the United Kingdom, the thesis defense is called a

1582:

is only common for doctoral degrees. Another term for an oral examination is

1562:

There are several different kinds of oral examinations used in practice. The

17: 2955: 2798: 2583: 1848: 1639: 1575: 1506:

At universities on the British pattern it is not uncommon for theses at the

1423: 1325: 1289: 934: 759:

To complete a master's degree in research, a student is required to write a

565: 515: 326: 248: 206: 139: 2344:"Recherche : les docteurs ès sciences prêtent désormais aussi serment" 953: 3189: 2568: 1121:(bachelor's thesis) or the similar level degree in engineering requires a 226: 3028: 3023: 2950: 2740: 1917: 1856: 1039:

universities in Malaysia use the respective models of the home campuses.

314: 165: 847:, which is an academic qualification, not an academic degree, is called 172:

is also used to refer to the general claim of an essay or similar work.

2965: 2929: 2876: 2580:

en.wikibooks.org/ETD Guide Guide to electronic theses and dissertations

1860: 1514:. Very rarely, the thesis may be awarded the lesser degree of M.Phil. ( 947: 447: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 318: 2607: 1125:(engineer's thesis/bachelor's thesis), the master's degree requires a 961:(final assignment), which is mostly mandatory for the completion of a 3013: 2776: 1552: 1316:

are interchangeable. At universities in the United Kingdom, the term

322: 2604:

Database of UK Doctoral theses available through the British Library

1711:) with at least one visiting academic: chair, secretary and member ( 800:

or, more specifically, the basic name of the degree complemented by

295:

f) a conclusion: which shows judgement or decision reached by thesis

289:

d) a findings chapter: outlining the findings of the research itself

1129:(master's thesis). The academic dissertation for a PhD is called a 3084: 2745: 2446:"On approval of the Model Regulations on the Dissertation Council" 2229: 2207: 1745: 1518:) instead, preventing the candidate from resubmitting the thesis. 1240: 1080:

refers to bachelor/undergraduate and master academic work while a

901: 734: 681:

is the dissertation associated with lower-level academic degrees (

350: 225: 199: 77: 2448:. Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1213:

programmes. To complete Master's studies, a candidate must write

695:, colloquially referred to simply as 'gradu', now referred to as 2793: 2252:"Les thèses et les mémoires publiés au Québec raccourcissent..." 1349: 1345: 1321: 982: 2611: 2018:, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1986. 1372:

is the term for the required submission for the doctorate, and

1296:; in the latter case, the introductory chapters are called the 564:; and major papers presenting the student's research towards a 506:

in cases in which the university candidate is finalizing their

190:, meaning "something put forth", and refers to an intellectual 1776: 416: 2594: 2468:"Como dizer "TCC - Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso" em inglês" 2193: 699:

by many degree-awarding institutions is the dissertation for

185: 858:

A doctoral degree is often earned with multiple levels of a

118:), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an 1982:"Subject Guides: Citation Help: Dissertations & Theses" 870:(duly). A thesis can also be rejected with a Latin remark ( 751:

In France, the academic dissertation or thesis is called a

168:

without relation to obtaining an academic degree. The term

1276:

After that there are two types of post graduate theses:

1022:

In Kazakhstan, a bachelor's degree typically requires a

413:

Regional and degree-specific practices and terminologies

86:

shown on the frontispiece of a PhD thesis, Netherlands.

2588: 2232:. Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). 2 August 2012 2210:. Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). 2 August 2012 1205:

At universities in Slovenia, an academic thesis called

42: 2296:"List of institutional digital repositories in Canada" 957:. In general, those three terms are usually called as 941:

is used specifically to refer to master's theses. The

3178: 2589:

Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations

1672:

A conclusion on the thesis has to be approved by the

985:, usually students are required to present a thesis ( 209:

was the first philosopher to define the term thesis.

304:

Degree-awarding institutions often define their own

3115: 3037: 2979: 2943: 2900: 2824: 2759: 2711: 2673: 2645: 1181:(Final Term / Undergraduate Thesis / Final Paper). 313:. Other applicable international standards include 88:

Disputatio philosophica inauguralis de spatio vacuo

69:"Dissertation" redirects here. For other uses, see 1117:In Poland, a bachelor's degree usually requires a 92:Inaugural Philosophical Disputation on Empty Space 2525:"Oxford University Examination Regulations, 2007" 2069:Aristotle (1928). "Topica". In Ross, W.D. (ed.). 1970:, pp. 23-27. Leiden University Library, 2005 1245:Cover page of a licentiate dissertation in Sweden 1376:refers only to the master's degree requirement. 349:starting with 1 for the first printed page (the 243:A thesis (or dissertation) may be arranged as a 1696:) and a tutor, who is usually the same person. 996:) in their master's degree and a dissertation ( 784: 556:or Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree are called 2486:"introductory chapter of a compilation thesis" 2623: 2276:. Library and Archives Canada. 29 August 2022 1455:Potential decisions (or "verdicts") include: 1397:International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme 997: 276:universities use a multiple chapter format: 8: 2298:. Canadian Association of Research Libraries 2016:Presentation of theses and similar documents 951:, while the doctoral dissertation is called 693:Pro gradu(-tutkielma)/(avhandling) pro gradu 534:coursework requirements are normally called 2395:"Habilitation and equivalent qualification" 1811:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1739: 1109:widely across universities in the country. 895: 26: 2630: 2616: 2608: 1308:Outside the academic community, the terms 1173:In Brazil the Bachelor's Thesis is called 882:). Bachelor's and master's theses receive 2006: 2004: 2002: 1831:Learn how and when to remove this message 796:In Germany, an academic thesis is called 712:lisensiaatintutkielma/licentiatavhandling 463:Learn how and when to remove this message 1162:In Portugal and Brazil, a dissertation ( 894:In India the thesis defense is called a 389: 82:Dutch 18th century doctoral ceremony at 32:This is an accepted version of this page 3185: 1950: 1929: 1328:) and research master's degrees, while 925:organizations or also as PhD synopsis. 716:(tohtorin)väitöskirja/doktorsavhandling 679:Kandidaatintutkielma/kandidatavhandling 530:, writings presented in fulfillment of 28: 2514:, McGraw-Hill International, pp. 79–85 1273:, especially at technical programmes. 626:system, the bachelor's thesis, called 3216:Educational assessment and evaluation 3138:Academic databases and search engines 2111:"Italian Studies MA Thesis Work Plan" 1734:United Kingdom, Ireland and Hong Kong 739:The cover of the thesis presented by 332:Some older house styles specify that 142:. This is the typical arrangement in 7: 1809:adding citations to reliable sources 710:The highest-level theses are called 445:adding citations to reliable sources 2422:. Ece.iisc.ernet.in. Archived from 998: 990: 862:remark for the thesis ranging from 164:can at times be used to describe a 126:or a cognate is used for part of a 103: 2908:Academic journal publishing reform 2399:Friedrich Schiller University Jena 2033:, Leiden University Library, 2005. 1748:for 'by live voice') examination ( 1459:Accepted/pass with no corrections. 904:for "by live voice") examination ( 57: 2574:Academic theses and dissertations 2492:. Universitets- och högskolerådet 2027:Douwe Breimer, Jos Damen et al.: 1726:A typical public Thesis Defence ( 1193:is reserved for doctoral theses ( 886:from 1.0 (best) to 5.0 (failed). 321:on bibliographic references, and 3188: 2567: 2553: 2527:. Admin.ox.ac.uk. Archived from 2141:Australian Universities' Review. 2128:Australian Universities' Review. 1781: 421: 222:Structure and presentation style 150:, the reverse is true. The term 1320:is usually associated with PhD/ 687:universities of applied science 650:programme the thesis is called 432:needs additional citations for 2350:(in French). 13 September 2022 1642:candidates, and sometimes for 1528:Australian Catholic University 1179:Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 1028:master's/doctoral dissertation 255:. An ordinary monograph has a 1: 3168:Category:Scientific documents 2558:The dictionary definition of 2098:Surviving your dissertation. 2096:Rudestam & Newton (2007) 1686:Diploma de estudios avanzados 1638:is the final examination for 1532:University of New South Wales 1084:is named for doctorate work. 917:from a different university. 71:Dissertation (disambiguation) 3163:Category:Academic publishing 2230:"Terminologie universitaire" 2208:"Terminologie universitaire" 1957:Olga Weijers: "The medieval 1765:questions of the candidate. 1481:Extensive revision required. 1470:The thesis must be revised. 1064:is typically replaced with 908:in short). Involved in the 608:Library and Archives Canada 234:'s university thesis (1841) 3252: 2981:Indexes and search engines 2420:"MSc Engg and PhD in IISc" 2030:Hora est! On dissertations 1967:Hora est! On dissertations 1416:Rigorosum (disambiguation) 1413: 397:comprehensive examinations 390:§ Thesis examinations 186: 184:comes from the Greek word 68: 61: 59:Work by academic candidate 1883:Comprehensive examination 1536:Western Sydney University 1137:. The submission for the 404:Role of thesis supervisor 138:is normally applied to a 1980:Nieves-Whitmore, Kaeli. 1414:Not to be confused with 1284:) and PhD dissertation ( 1185:Russia, Belarus, Ukraine 1147:dysertacja habilitacyjna 923:research and development 775:The defense is called a 329:on quantities or units. 205:, meaning "discussion". 39:latest accepted revision 3158:Style/formatting guides 3060:Scholarly communication 2760:Other publication types 2512:How to Examine a Thesis 2010:International Standard 1024:bachelor's diploma work 843:. The submission for a 705:diplomityö/diplomarbete 64:Thesis (disambiguation) 3100:Least publishable unit 2772:Collection of articles 2087:. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 2071:The Works of Aristotle 1903:Collection of articles 1898:Postgraduate education 1888:Dissertation Abstracts 1752:for short). A typical 1740: 1630:In North America, the 1246: 896: 789: 748: 726:degrees, respectively. 382:dissertation committee 253:collection of articles 235: 215: 95: 3090:Electronic publishing 3065:Scientific literature 2842:Article-level metrics 2600:24 April 2021 at the 2510:Pearce, Lynne (2005) 2085:Your Research Project 2044:"The Graduate Thesis" 1690:programa de doctorado 1450:examination committee 1269:("essay"), sometimes 1244: 1219:doktorska disertacija 1195:Candidate of Sciences 745:Doctorate of Medicine 738: 636:doktorska disertacija 528:Canadian universities 245:thesis by publication 229: 211: 81: 3231:Scientific documents 3133:Open-access journals 3080:Open scientific data 2887:SCImago Journal Rank 2847:Author-level metrics 2832:Acknowledgment index 2576:at Wikimedia Commons 2100:Thousand Oaks: Sage. 2083:Thomas, Gary (2009) 2014:7144: Documentation— 1986:guides.lib.uiowa.edu 1853:Taylor & Francis 1805:improve this section 1705:evaluadores externos 1516:Master of Philosophy 1438:dissertation defense 1427:examination or just 1334:undergraduate degree 1300:(literally "coat"). 849:Habilitationsschrift 804:(rough translation: 526:At English-speaking 488:Argentine University 483:Latin American docta 441:improve this article 353:of the title page). 317:on section numbers, 62:For other uses, see 3128:Scientific journals 2639:Academic publishing 2426:on 11 November 2012 2322:studies.helsinki.fi 1913:Academic publishing 1444:Examination results 1410:Thesis examinations 1158:Portugal and Brazil 1143:praca habilitacyjna 853:Habilitationsarbeit 618:At most university 601:Québec universities 148:Republic of Ireland 29:Page version status 3148:Copyright policies 3143:University presses 3050:Scientific writing 2918:Citation advantage 2825:Impact and ranking 2658:Scientific journal 2531:on 13 January 2011 2196:on 25 August 2010. 2166:on 31 October 2006 1878:Compilation thesis 1664:Russia and Ukraine 1294:compilation thesis 1247: 1058:Philippine English 749: 697:maisterintutkielma 664:absolventská práce 236: 96: 35: 3176: 3175: 3153:Preprint policies 3123:Academic journals 3106:Publish or perish 2961:Version of record 2901:Reform and access 2703:Literature review 2572:Media related to 2374:en.englishlib.org 1924:Explanatory notes 1841: 1840: 1833: 1762:external examiner 1694:director de tesis 1651:external examiner 1395:component of the 1286:doktorsavhandling 1231:bachelor's thesis 1127:praca magisterska 1123:praca inżynierska 1119:praca licencjacka 945:thesis is called 915:external examiner 683:bachelor's degree 583:"' or a shorter " 500:defensa magistral 473: 472: 465: 265:table of contents 232:Søren Kierkegaard 84:Leiden University 16:(Redirected from 3243: 3193: 3192: 3184: 3095:Ingelfinger rule 3009:Semantic Scholar 2731:Technical report 2653:Academic journal 2632: 2625: 2618: 2609: 2571: 2557: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2521: 2515: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2366: 2360: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2192:. Archived from 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2165: 2159:. Archived from 2158: 2150: 2144: 2137: 2131: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2107: 2101: 2094: 2088: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2050:on 28 April 2021 2046:. Archived from 2040: 2034: 2025: 2019: 2008: 1997: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1977: 1971: 1963: 1955: 1938: 1934: 1908:Academic journal 1836: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1785: 1777: 1743: 1699:A dissertation ( 1282:licentiatuppsats 1149:. Thus the term 1089:research project 1001: 1000: 992: 967:proposal skripsi 899: 884:numerical grades 701:master's degrees 660:dizertační práce 652:bakalářská práce 593:"essai doctoral" 504:defensa doctoral 496:defensa de grado 468: 461: 457: 454: 448: 425: 417: 378:thesis committee 372:Thesis committee 325:or its revision 189: 188: 144:American English 105: 21: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3221:Grey literature 3201: 3200: 3199: 3187: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3111: 3070:Learned society 3033: 2975: 2939: 2896: 2867:Journal ranking 2857:Citation impact 2820: 2755: 2713:Grey literature 2707: 2669: 2641: 2636: 2602:Wayback Machine 2550: 2545: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2472:English Experts 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2429: 2427: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2401: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2378: 2376: 2368: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2351: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2279: 2277: 2274:"Theses Canada" 2272: 2271: 2267: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2138: 2134: 2122: 2118: 2109: 2108: 2104: 2095: 2091: 2082: 2078: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2053: 2051: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2026: 2022: 2009: 2000: 1990: 1988: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1941: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1893:Grey literature 1873:Capstone course 1869: 1837: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1802: 1786: 1775: 1736: 1682: 1666: 1628: 1620: 1611: 1599: 1549: 1524: 1446: 1419: 1412: 1365: 1306: 1239: 1227: 1215:magistrsko delo 1211:Bologna process 1203: 1187: 1160: 1135:praca doktorska 1115: 1054: 1045: 1036: 1020: 1011: 979: 931: 892: 880:sub omni canone 864:summa cum laude 824:instead (e.g., 798:Abschlussarbeit 794: 733: 672: 656:diplomová práce 644: 616: 566:doctoral degree 524: 478: 469: 458: 452: 449: 438: 426: 415: 406: 374: 358:acid-free paper 347:Arabic numerals 302: 241: 224: 198:comes from the 178: 152:graduate thesis 120:academic degree 74: 67: 60: 55: 54: 53: 52: 51: 50: 34: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3249: 3247: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3203: 3202: 3198: 3197: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3038:Related topics 3035: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3019:Web of Science 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2989:Google Scholar 2985: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2925:Serials crisis 2922: 2921: 2920: 2910: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2892:Scientometrics 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2862:Citation index 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2811:Poster session 2808: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2784: 2774: 2769: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2717: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2698:Position paper 2695: 2693:Review article 2690: 2689: 2688: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2627: 2620: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2595:EThOS Database 2592: 2586: 2577: 2565: 2549: 2548:External links 2546: 2543: 2542: 2516: 2503: 2477: 2474:. 16 May 2008. 2459: 2437: 2411: 2386: 2361: 2335: 2309: 2287: 2265: 2243: 2221: 2199: 2177: 2145: 2132: 2116: 2102: 2089: 2076: 2061: 2035: 2020: 1998: 1972: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1865: 1839: 1838: 1821:September 2016 1789: 1787: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1735: 1732: 1701:tesis doctoral 1681: 1678: 1665: 1662: 1632:thesis defense 1627: 1624: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1598: 1595: 1566:, also called 1548: 1545: 1523: 1520: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1460: 1445: 1442: 1434:thesis defense 1411: 1408: 1393:extended essay 1364: 1361: 1305: 1304:United Kingdom 1302: 1238: 1235: 1226: 1223: 1207:diploma thesis 1202: 1199: 1186: 1183: 1159: 1156: 1114: 1111: 1053: 1050: 1044: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1007: 978: 975: 971:proposal tesis 930: 927: 891: 888: 833:diploma thesis 826:Bachelorthesis 793: 790: 743:to obtain his 741:Claude Bernard 732: 729: 728: 727: 708: 690: 671: 668: 643: 642:Czech Republic 640: 615: 612: 523: 520: 477: 474: 471: 470: 429: 427: 420: 414: 411: 405: 402: 373: 370: 338:Roman numerals 301: 298: 297: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 281: 240: 237: 230:Cover page to 223: 220: 177: 174: 134:course, while 58: 56: 36: 30: 27: 25: 24: 23: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3248: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3182: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3107: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3075:Open research 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2882:Impact factor 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2852:Bibliometrics 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2736:Annual report 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2721:Working paper 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2663:Public health 2661: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2626: 2621: 2619: 2614: 2613: 2610: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2564:at Wiktionary 2563: 2562: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2491: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2425: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2349: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2297: 2291: 2288: 2275: 2269: 2266: 2253: 2247: 2244: 2231: 2225: 2222: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2162: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2142: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2120: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2077: 2072: 2065: 2062: 2049: 2045: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1987: 1983: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1944: 1933: 1930: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 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