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graduate programs. Additionally, some believed that by creating 2+2 programs between community colleges and upper division colleges, students could continue their education without the state needing to expand existing community colleges into full four year colleges. Some commentators at the time saw the widespread development of upper division schools, in the same way community colleges had expanded in the prior decades.
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the students seeking to transfer from a community college desired a full college experience, including electives and extra-curricular activities. The inability to reach a large critical mass prevented the upper division colleges from competing effectively with four year colleges. Some upper-division colleges such as the
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By the 1980s and 1990s, many states began to move away from the upper-division model. Despite concerns of crowding out of community colleges, it was felt that offering only the upper-level courses resulted in a poor public image and prevented the establishment of a full university setting. Many of
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At the time they were created, upper division colleges were seen as a way to better manage community resources and provide opportunities for students. It was thought that separating the upper division from the lower division of coursework would improve the relationship between undergraduate and
102:
and proposed eliminating the bachelor's degree by cutting the first two years of undergraduate work. Called the
Goodnow Plan or New Plan, students would have entered Hopkins after two years of study in other universities and would have worked toward an advanced degree, bypassing the bachelor's
196:
opened their doors to freshman and sophomore undergraduates. As of 2009 very few upper-division colleges remain in the United States, with almost all merging with community colleges or converting to four year status.
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Upper division colleges were first established as mainstream institutions in the 1950s in the United States as a means to respond to the need for educated professionals to assist in the
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at another institution. These institutions traces their roots to educational ideas put forward in the late 19th and early 20th century. They were developed primarily in the
94:, proposed splitting the institution into two parts in 1907 to reach this goal, however changes in the California secondary school system halted this proposal. In 1914
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sought to separate the preparatory portion of college studies from "real" university work undertaken in the third and fourth years of study. Jordan, then president of
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156:, which was founded in 1956 as Flint College, however it converted to four year status in 1965 as a result of changes in the development of the region.
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in 1961. This was done as part of a plan to reduce costs and increase enrollment by subletting college facilities to a high school which assumed public
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students. Later, in 1984, Florida
Atlantic expanded to include first and second year undergraduates and ceased to be an upper division college.
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status and funding. However, disagreements between the
College of the Pacific and the affiliated junior college, as well as
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or university is one that requires applicants to have already completed their first two years of
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Altman, Robert A. (March 1970). "The Upper
Division College: Blueprint or Blind Alley?".
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issues resulting from the arrangement, led to the abandonment of the experiment in 1951.
2010:
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Ended upper-division in 2011 by statute; Admitted first freshman class in August 2014
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Closed on April 19, 2024, 3 weeks prior to the Spring semester's conclusion;
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1985:
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Weaver Jr., Warren (1957-03-13). "Vast
Expansion Set By State University".
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David Starr Jordan, one of the early pioneers of upper division colleges
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Dunham, E. Alden (June 1968). "What is the Junior
College All About?".
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announced they would help Oak Point students complete their degrees.
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In the late 19th and early 20th century, educational leaders such as
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The first college founded as an upper division college was
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Erickson, Clifford G. (May 1970). "The Two-Year
College".
27:"Senior college" redirects here. Not to be confused with
70:
during the 1960s in response to the growing number of
929:"Upper Division Colleges: An End To Transfer Hurdles"
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GSU enrolled its first freshman class in August 2014
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merged with community colleges, while others such as
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74:students seeking to continue their education.
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1000:"Report to regents says two-plus-two adds up"
122:in 1858, they failed due to the onset of the
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373:(formerly known as Resurrection University)
900:(3). Ohio State University Press: 204–212.
862:(5). Ohio State University Press: 409–412.
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473:Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi
467:Current public upper division college
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1876:Ancient higher-learning institutions
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489:Texas A&M University–San Antonio
739:Current private NFP upper division
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2016:
2015:
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789:Altman, Robert A. (1969-06-24).
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271:Florida International University
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403:Merged with community college
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927:Higbee, Marvin (March 1973).
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425:SUNY Institute of Technology
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762:. College Board. 2009
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1429:Middle school
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1206:Cadet college
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147:accreditation
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68:United States
65:
61:
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46:
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38:
34:
30:
19:
1648:Vocal school
1633:Music school
1495:Free school
1439:Ranch school
1398:
1287:Upper school
1256:Maths school
1160:First school
1142:Kindergarten
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1043:
1032:. Retrieved
1019:
1008:. Retrieved
1006:. 1979-09-25
1003:
994:
957:
953:
947:
936:. Retrieved
932:
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838:. Retrieved
824:
818:. p. 1.
815:
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798:. Retrieved
764:. Retrieved
754:
372:
297:Merged with
178:
169:
158:
151:
128:
113:
81:
59:
57:
29:trade school
1768:By location
1658:Progressive
1560:Sink school
1529:University
1518:preparatory
1246:Hauptschule
964:: 530–533.
2046:Categories
1956:in Ireland
1865:Historical
1780:Day school
1392:Collegiate
1387:University
1063:2009-07-17
1034:2009-04-06
1010:2009-07-17
938:2009-07-17
840:2009-07-17
800:2009-07-17
766:2009-07-17
746:References
116:space race
37:university
1961:in Greece
1925:in Canada
1704:Religious
1503:Institute
1497:(England)
1479:(British)
1461:(England)
1241:Gymnasium
1193:Secondary
1132:Preschool
986:163382526
124:Civil War
2021:Category
1809:By scope
1736:Gurukula
1459:Academy
1417:Combined
1382:Seminary
1297:Tertiary
201:Colleges
165:graduate
135:Stockton
103:degree.
2031:Commons
1751:Yeshiva
1746:Madrasa
1533:private
1342:College
1337:Academy
1152:Primary
1053:SUNY IT
978:1261324
914:1977310
876:1977394
332:Closed
265:Closed
217:Result
175:Decline
78:History
33:college
1886:Lyceum
1538:public
1523:public
1329:Higher
1251:Lyceum
1105:School
984:
976:
912:
874:
836:. 2009
1107:types
982:S2CID
974:JSTOR
960:(3).
910:JSTOR
872:JSTOR
794:(PDF)
733:1968
720:1983
717:1967
704:1991
701:1973
688:1998
685:1971
672:1990
669:1969
656:1998
653:1973
640:1984
637:1972
624:1965
621:1956
608:1971
605:1959
592:2001
589:1969
576:2009
573:1973
560:2011
557:1971
544:2007
541:1976
528:2005
525:1975
512:2008
509:1971
496:2016
493:2009
480:1994
477:1973
461:2009
448:1995
445:1969
432:2003
429:1966
416:1978
413:1972
400:1976
397:1965
380:2024
377:2003
361:2004
358:1966
345:1994
342:1973
329:2020
326:1965
313:2014
310:1971
294:1985
291:1971
278:1981
275:1972
262:1977
259:1957
246:1951
243:1935
227:1975
208:Name
43:, or
1986:K–12
954:PMLA
192:and
86:and
1113:By
966:doi
902:doi
864:doi
184:'s
133:in
58:An
2048::
1051:.
1027:.
1002:.
980:.
972:.
958:83
956:.
931:.
908:.
898:41
896:.
884:^
870:.
860:41
858:.
832:.
775:^
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1037:.
1013:.
988:.
968::
941:.
916:.
904::
878:.
866::
843:.
803:.
769:.
47:.
20:)
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