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stone does not have interests because it cannot suffer. Nothing that we can do to it could possibly make any difference to its welfare. A mouse, on the other hand, does have an interest in not being tormented, because mice will suffer if they are treated in this way. If a being suffers, there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration. No matter what the nature of the being, the principle of equality requires that the suffering be counted equally with the like suffering – in so far as rough comparisons can be made – of any other being. If a being is not capable of suffering, or of experiencing enjoyment or happiness, there is nothing to be taken into account. This is why the limit of sentience (...) is the only defensible boundary of concern for the interests of others.
545:. Moore believed that only sentient beings can make such moral judgements because they are the only parts of the universe which can experience pleasure and suffering. As a result, he argued that sentience and ethics are inseparable and therefore every sentient piece of the universe has an intrinsic ethical relationship to every other sentient part, but not the insentient parts. Moore used the term "zoocentricism" to describe the belief that universal consideration and care should be given to all sentient beings; he believed that this was too difficult for humans to comprehend in their current stage of development.
470:
53:
383:
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621:, intestinal worms with ~ 300 neurons or humans with ~ 86 billion. While the existence of neurons is not sufficient to demonstrate the existence of sentience in an animal, it is a necessary condition. Gradualist sentientism proposes that the value of sentient beings is relative to their degree of sentience, which is assumed to increase with the cognitive, emotional and social complexity.
1093:
Racists violate the principle of equality by giving greater weight to the interests of members of their own race when there is a clash between their interests and the interests of those of another race. Sexists violate the principle of equality by favoring the interests of their own sex. Similarly,
583:
The capacity for suffering and enjoying things is a prerequisite for having interests at all, a condition that must be satisfied before we can speak of interests in any meaningful way. It would be nonsense to say that it was not in the interests of a stone to be kicked along the road by a child. A
502:
The French have already discovered that the blackness of the skin is no reason why a human being should be abandoned without redress to the caprice of a tormentor ... What else is it that should trace the insuperable line? Is it the faculty of reason, or, perhaps, the faculty of discourse? But a
568:
Sentientism posits that sentience is the necessary and sufficient condition in order to belong to the moral community. Other organisms, therefore, aside from humans are morally important in their own right. According to the concept, there are organisms that have some
489:
was among the first to argue for sentientism. He maintained that any individual who is capable of subjective experience should be considered a moral subject. Members of species who are able to experience pleasure and pain are thus included in the category. In his
605:, defined by Singer as a "prejudice or attitude of bias in favour of the interests of members of one’s own species and against those of members of other species". Singer considers speciesism to be a form of arbitrary discrimination similar to racism or sexism.
503:
full-grown horse or dog is beyond comparison a more rational, as well as a more conversable animal, than an infant of a day, or a week, or even a month, old. But suppose the case were otherwise, what would it avail? The question is not
437:
individuals at the center of moral concern. It holds that both humans and other sentient individuals have interests that must be considered. Gradualist sentientism attributes moral consideration relatively to the degree of sentience.
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Sentientists consider that arbitrarily giving different moral weight to sentient beings based solely on their species membership is a form of unjustified discrimination known as
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3151:
732:
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speciesists allow the interests of their own species to override the greater interests of members of other species. The pattern is identical in each case.
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There are sources that consider sentientism as a modification of traditional ethic, which holds that moral concern must be extended to sentient animals.
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537:(1899), described every sentient being as existing in a constant state of struggle. He argued that what aids them in their struggle can be called
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Utilitarian philosophers such as Singer care about the well-being of sentient non-human animals as well as humans. They reject
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and does not describe the sole focus of humanist concerns. Sentientism stands in opposition to the philosophy of
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573:, which include self-awareness, rationality as well as the capacity to experience pain and suffering.
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522:, Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, (1823), 2nd edition, Chapter 17, footnote
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2014:
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2019:
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2009:
1984:
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528:
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857:
802:
Consensus and Global
Environmental Governance: Deliberative Democracy in Nature's Regime
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1999:
1994:
1806:
1740:
1611:
1586:
1483:
1388:
1383:
670:
655:
272:
211:
1132:"Minding Nature: A Defense of a Sentiocentric Approach to Environmental Ethics"
3767:
3285:
2996:
2888:
2833:
2813:
2667:
2662:
2647:
2617:
2592:
2532:
2410:
2325:
2285:
2119:
2089:
1423:
1413:
1306:
955:
Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal
Welfare, 2nd Edition : Second Edition
783:
680:
602:
442:
322:
216:
194:
17:
1055:
3860:
3719:
3315:
3086:
2562:
2537:
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2149:
1801:
1601:
1508:
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1463:
1398:
675:
553:
434:
367:
312:
1073:
2500:
1418:
1368:
767:
695:
548:
Other prominent philosophers discussing or defending sentientism include
446:
362:
199:
189:
92:
1730:
1684:
1343:
1046:
618:
307:
1281:
635:
255:
27:
Philosophy that sentient individuals are the center of moral concern
1030:"The Speciesism Debate: Intuition, Method, and Empirical Advances"
468:
579:
Peter Singer provides the following justification of sentientism:
3126:
1140:
3353:
2963:
1944:
1182:
1144:
957:. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 221.
250:
629:
902:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 82–90.
527:
The late 19th- and early 20th-century
American philosopher
1862:
University of
California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
877:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 50.
830:
492:
Introduction to the
Principles of Morals and Legislation
742:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 159.
768:"Beyond Anthropocentrism? Yes, but in What Direction?"
596:(2011), 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, p. 50
3381:
Moral
Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
982:. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 392.
3948:
3895:
3845:
3785:
3778:
3599:
3364:
3325:
3236:
3200:
2984:
2977:
2796:
2520:
2513:
2258:
1967:
1958:
1901:
1880:
1819:
1769:
1711:
1683:
1620:
1552:
1444:
1437:
1269:
1193:
1106:Freitas, R.A. Jr. (April 1984). "Xenopsychology".
617:taking examples from the marine sponges that lack
859:Better-World Philosophy: A Sociological Synthesis
1241:List of international animal welfare conventions
1005:Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare
828:Mills, D. S.; Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N. (2010).
740:Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare
494:, Bentham made a comparison between slavery and
449:see themselves as "sentientists" where the term
3533:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
581:
500:
930:Green Heroes: From Buddha to Leonardo DiCaprio
900:The Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights
800:Baber, Walter F.; Bartlett, Robert V. (2015).
1156:
738:. In Bekoff, Marc; Meaney, Carron A. (eds.).
407:
8:
1246:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
1091:(5th ed.). Open Road Integrated Media.
3208:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
3152:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
1184:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
477:(1748–1832), early proponent of sentientism
3782:
3361:
3350:
2981:
2974:
2960:
2517:
1964:
1955:
1941:
1441:
1190:
1179:
1163:
1149:
1141:
915:A Critique of Regan's Animal Rights Theory
726:
724:
414:
400:
29:
3355:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
3292:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
1063:
1045:
804:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 178.
3413:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
1670:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1003:Bekoff, Marc; Meaney, Carron A. (1998).
1261:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
720:
41:
1338:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
3549:Political Animals and Animal Politics
3137:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
3062:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
1474:Concentrated animal feeding operation
1251:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
1206:Animal rights by country or territory
980:Handbook of U.S. Environmental Policy
7:
3280:Animalist Party with the Environment
1567:Animal testing on non-human primates
851:
849:
823:
821:
795:
793:
761:
759:
541:and what opposes them can be called
498:toward humans and non-human animals:
3704:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
1914:World Day for the End of Speciesism
1109:Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact
615:gradation in the nervous complexity
3829:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
3172:United Activists for Animal Rights
3082:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
1221:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
862:. Chicago: The Ward Waugh Company.
772:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
613:In the animal kingdom, there is a
25:
3373:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
3333:Animal Rights National Conference
3256:Animal Protection Party of Canada
3213:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
3067:Chinese Animal Protection Network
2992:American Anti-Vivisection Society
2471:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
1226:Animal rights in Indian religions
1216:Animal rights and punk subculture
832:. Oxfordshire: CABI. p. 27.
433:) is an ethical view that places
3980:
3979:
3541:Animal Rights Without Liberation
3192:Voice for Animals Humane Society
1924:World Day for the End of Fishing
1919:World Day for Laboratory Animals
1349:Equal consideration of interests
1007:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 159.
766:Allegri, Francesco (June 2023).
473:English utilitarian philosopher
381:
51:
3262:Animal Justice Party of Finland
3147:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
2361:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
1949:(academics, writers, activists)
1842:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
932:. Springer Nature. p. 87.
3485:Animals, Property, and the Law
1562:Alternatives to animal testing
1231:Christianity and animal rights
1028:Hopster, Jeroen (2019-12-01).
1:
3122:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
1832:Cambridge University primates
1364:Ethics of uncertain sentience
661:Ethics of uncertain sentience
3182:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
1332:Argument from marginal cases
3469:Morals, Reason, and Animals
3097:Farm Animal Rights Movement
3047:Anonymous for the Voiceless
1736:International primate trade
1211:Anarchism and animal rights
856:Moore, John Howard (1899).
4041:
3589:Making a Stand for Animals
3461:The Case for Animal Rights
3112:Hunt Saboteurs Association
3072:Cruelty Free International
3042:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
1572:Animal testing regulations
1130:MacClellan, Joel P (2012)
3975:
3744:The Ghosts in Our Machine
3581:Animal Ethics in the Wild
3360:
3349:
3017:Animal Legal Defense Fund
2973:
2959:
2316:William Hamilton Drummond
1954:
1940:
1675:Welfare of farmed insects
1302:Animal–industrial complex
1189:
1178:
978:M.Konisky, David (2020).
784:10.7358/rela-2023-01-allf
165:Animal–industrial complex
3822:Journal of Animal Ethics
3688:Your Mommy Kills Animals
3077:Direct Action Everywhere
2486:Johann Heinrich Winckler
2431:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
1888:Direct Action Everywhere
1592:Huntingdon Life Sciences
1577:Labcorp Drug Development
1534:Feedback (pork industry)
1499:Intensive animal farming
1236:History of animal rights
3957:Holocaust on your Plate
3728:An Apology to Elephants
3509:Do Animals Have Rights?
3445:Animals, Men and Morals
3421:Better-World Philosophy
3298:Italian Animalist Party
3177:United Poultry Concerns
3132:Last Chance for Animals
3027:Animal Liberation Front
2914:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
1404:Replaceability argument
1322:Animal-free agriculture
1135:University of Tennessee
731:Hettinger, Ned (1998).
534:Better-World Philosophy
3930:Salvation of Innocents
3477:Zoos and Animal Rights
3052:Beauty Without Cruelty
3012:Animal Justice Project
2351:John Zephaniah Holwell
2005:Stephen St. C. Bostock
1582:Great ape research ban
1201:Animal rights movement
1087:Singer, Peter (2015).
928:Erdős, László (2020).
873:Singer, Peter (2011).
733:"Environmental Ethics"
666:Moral circle expansion
599:
525:
478:
445:. Many self-described
3949:Fairs and exhibitions
3836:The Animals' Defender
3808:Cahiers antispécistes
3736:Speciesism: The Movie
3557:Animal (De)liberation
3517:Striking at the Roots
3429:The Universal Kinship
3389:The Rights of Animals
3310:People Animals Nature
3304:Party for the Animals
3117:In Defense of Animals
2879:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
2271:David Renaud Boullier
1857:Silver Spring monkeys
1756:Wild animal suffering
1665:Pain in invertebrates
1504:Intensive pig farming
1394:Opposition to hunting
1359:Ethics of eating meat
953:Bekoff, Marc (2009).
701:Wild animal suffering
571:subjective experience
472:
3565:Sentientist Politics
3493:The Lives of Animals
3244:Animal Justice Party
3057:Born Free Foundation
2894:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
2768:Wendy Turner-Webster
2481:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
1703:Recreational fishing
1544:Ventilation shutdown
1312:Animal protectionism
1292:Animal consciousness
303:Animal protectionism
3989:( 139 )
3815:Etica & Animali
3801:Between the Species
3525:An American Trilogy
3218:Humanitarian League
2829:Frances Power Cobbe
2446:Arthur Schopenhauer
2441:Henry Stephens Salt
2321:Edward Payson Evans
2015:Stephen R. L. Clark
1872:War of the currents
1761:Wildlife management
1655:Pain in crustaceans
1650:Pain in cephalopods
913:Warren, Mary Anne.
898:Regan, Tom (2004).
3752:Unlocking the Cage
3573:Wild Animal Ethics
3397:The Ethics of Diet
3274:Animalist Movement
3250:Animal Politics EU
3162:Sentience Politics
2788:That Vegan Teacher
2406:Siobhan O'Sullivan
2391:José Ferrater Mora
2200:Steve F. Sapontzis
1693:Commercial fishing
1645:Pain in amphibians
1635:Cruelty to animals
1607:Operation Backfire
1446:Animal agriculture
1354:Emotion in animals
1047:10.3390/ani9121054
479:
388:Animals portal
3997:
3996:
3990:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3938:Onward to Freedom
3906:Animal Liberation
3891:
3890:
3712:Forks Over Knives
3664:Peaceable Kingdom
3624:Shores of Silence
3616:A Cow at My Table
3501:Eternal Treblinka
3453:Animal Liberation
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3232:
3231:
3167:Uncaged Campaigns
3142:Mercy for Animals
3107:Great Ape Project
3022:Animal Liberation
2968:(groups, parties)
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2854:Elizabeth Farians
2763:Christine Townend
2703:Heather Nicholson
2633:Brigitte Gothière
2623:Antoine Goetschel
2509:
2508:
2170:Charles Patterson
2075:Gary L. Francione
2050:Josephine Donovan
2040:Daniel Dombrowski
2020:Alasdair Cochrane
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1815:
1814:
1746:Predation problem
1630:Animal euthanasia
1539:Foam depopulation
1374:Insects in ethics
1089:Animal Liberation
1014:978-1-135-93002-8
989:978-1-78897-284-0
964:978-0-313-35255-3
939:978-3-030-31806-2
917:. pp. 90–97.
839:978-0-85199-724-7
811:978-0-262-52722-4
711:
710:
481:The 18th-century
424:
423:
268:Companion animals
16:(Redirected from
4032:
4025:Ethical theories
4020:Normative ethics
3988:
3983:
3982:
3794:Animal Sentience
3783:
3648:Legally Blonde 2
3608:The Animals Film
3362:
3351:
3157:Rise for Animals
2982:
2975:
2961:
2824:Edith Carrington
2728:Craig Rosebraugh
2693:Virginia McKenna
2683:Jo-Anne McArthur
2613:Juliet Gellatley
2518:
2476:Mary Anne Warren
2416:Humphrey Primatt
2401:Edward Nicholson
2371:Charles R. Magel
2336:Thomas G. Gentry
2195:Richard D. Ryder
2135:Thomas Lepeltier
1965:
1956:
1942:
1909:World Animal Day
1867:Unnecessary Fuss
1827:Brown Dog affair
1797:Animals in sport
1787:Animal slaughter
1782:Animal sacrifice
1721:Culling wildlife
1524:Wildlife farming
1442:
1287:Animal cognition
1256:Total liberation
1191:
1180:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1142:
1118:
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1103:
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925:
919:
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910:
904:
903:
895:
889:
888:
875:Practical Ethics
870:
864:
863:
853:
844:
843:
825:
816:
815:
797:
788:
787:
763:
754:
753:
737:
728:
646:Anthropocentrism
630:
597:
594:Practical Ethics
558:Mary Anne Warren
523:
513:Can they suffer?
505:Can they reason?
459:anthropocentrism
416:
409:
402:
386:
385:
346:Environmentalism
73:Around the world
55:
45:
30:
21:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3963:
3944:
3887:
3868:Muutoksen kevät
3841:
3774:
3680:Behind the Mask
3595:
3405:Animals' Rights
3356:
3337:
3321:
3228:
3196:
2969:
2943:
2804:Cleveland Amory
2792:
2758:Darren Thurston
2753:Marianne Thieme
2608:Bruce Friedrich
2573:Joey Carbstrong
2558:Brigitte Bardot
2505:
2496:Jon Wynne-Tyson
2386:J. Howard Moore
2331:John Galsworthy
2311:Wilhelm Dietler
2254:
2250:Corey Lee Wrenn
2160:Martha Nussbaum
2070:Lawrence Finsen
2010:Paola Cavalieri
1985:Kristin Andrews
1960:
1950:
1928:
1897:
1876:
1811:
1765:
1707:
1679:
1640:Pain in animals
1616:
1548:
1514:Poultry farming
1433:
1265:
1185:
1174:
1169:
1127:
1125:Further reading
1122:
1121:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1002:
1001:
997:
990:
977:
976:
972:
965:
952:
951:
947:
940:
927:
926:
922:
912:
911:
907:
897:
896:
892:
885:
872:
871:
867:
855:
854:
847:
840:
827:
826:
819:
812:
799:
798:
791:
765:
764:
757:
750:
735:
730:
729:
722:
717:
712:
627:
611:
598:
588:
566:
529:J. Howard Moore
524:
518:
467:
453:contrasts with
420:
380:
373:
372:
336:
328:
327:
293:
285:
284:
160:
152:
151:
125:
115:
114:
63:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4038:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3789:
3787:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3640:Meet Your Meat
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3437:The New Ethics
3433:
3425:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3368:
3366:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3268:Animals' Party
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3037:AnimaNaturalis
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3007:Animal Justice
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2939:Gretchen Wyler
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2869:Lewis Gompertz
2866:
2861:
2859:Emarel Freshel
2856:
2851:
2849:Muriel Dowding
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2783:Gary Yourofsky
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2698:Ingrid Newkirk
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2643:Charlotte Laws
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:Yves Bonnardel
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Martin Balluch
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2491:Steven M. Wise
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Bernard Rollin
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:Leonard Nelson
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:Herman Daggett
2298:
2293:
2291:Priscilla Cohn
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Jeremy Bentham
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2180:Jessica Pierce
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Kyle Johannsen
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:David DeGrazia
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:Carol J. Adams
1971:
1969:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:Pit of despair
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Abandoned pets
1773:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1622:Animal welfare
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Model organism
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1554:Animal testing
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:Working animal
1526:
1521:
1519:Slaughterhouse
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:Insect farming
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:Animal product
1450:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1409:Sentiocentrism
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1317:Animal welfare
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1098:
1079:
1020:
1013:
995:
988:
970:
963:
945:
938:
920:
905:
890:
884:978-0521707688
883:
865:
845:
838:
817:
810:
789:
755:
748:
719:
718:
716:
713:
709:
708:
704:
703:
698:
693:
691:Theocentricism
688:
686:Technocentrism
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
628:
626:
623:
610:
607:
586:
565:
562:
520:Jeremy Bentham
516:
509:Can they talk?
487:Jeremy Bentham
475:Jeremy Bentham
466:
463:
431:sentiocentrism
422:
421:
419:
418:
411:
404:
396:
393:
392:
391:
390:
375:
374:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
354:
353:
343:
337:
335:Related topics
334:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
320:
318:Sentiocentrism
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
281:
280:
275:
265:
264:
263:
258:
253:
243:
242:
241:
234:Animal testing
231:
230:
229:
224:
219:
209:
208:
207:
202:
197:
192:
182:
177:
172:
167:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
143:
142:
137:
126:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
110:
103:Primate rights
100:
95:
90:
88:Animal cruelty
85:
80:
75:
70:
68:Animal welfare
64:
61:
60:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
18:Sentiocentrism
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4037:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Animal rights
4013:
4011:
4010:Animal ethics
4008:
4007:
4005:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:Tame Yourself
3911:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3875:No Compromise
3872:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:(3rd century)
3375:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3306:(Netherlands)
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Animal Rising
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3002:Animal Ethics
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:Jessie Mackay
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:James Granger
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Henry B. Amos
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Louise Wallis
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Kim Stallwood
2741:
2739:
2738:Jasmin Singer
2736:
2734:
2733:Nathan Runkle
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:David Olivier
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:John Feldmann
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Aymeric Caron
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Carole Baskin
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Laurids Smith
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:James Rachels
2419:
2417:
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2366:John Lawrence
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2276:Brigid Brophy
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2240:Tatjana Višak
2238:
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2230:David Sztybel
2228:
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2225:Cass Sunstein
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2140:Andrew Linzey
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2126:
2125:Will Kymlicka
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2106:
2105:Dale Jamieson
2103:
2101:
2098:
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2085:Valéry Giroux
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2080:Robert Garner
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2045:Sue Donaldson
2043:
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2038:
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2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:J. M. Coetzee
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Tom Beauchamp
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
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1972:
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1966:
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1948:
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1893:Hunt sabotage
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1726:Hare coursing
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1469:Chick culling
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1429:Vegetarianism
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641:Animal rights
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128:
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119:
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109:
106:
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98:Vegetarianism
96:
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84:
81:
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71:
69:
66:
65:
59:
58:
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44:Animal rights
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
3955:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3880:
3873:
3866:
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3834:
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3806:
3799:
3792:
3766:
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3742:
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3726:
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3710:
3702:
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3606:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
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3507:
3499:
3491:
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3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3224:Oxford Group
3092:Every Animal
2985:Contemporary
2934:Andrew Tyler
2924:Nell Shipman
2864:André Géraud
2773:Jerry Vlasak
2748:Lynda Stoner
2723:Alex Pacheco
2658:Evanna Lynch
2653:Howard Lyman
2638:Wayne Hsiung
2598:Chris DeRose
2588:Rod Coronado
2521:Contemporary
2461:Thomas Tryon
2381:Mary Midgley
2376:Jean Meslier
2356:Soame Jenyns
2346:John Hildrop
2341:Arthur Helps
2306:Richard Dean
2281:Peter Buchan
2220:Gary Steiner
2215:Peter Singer
2210:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
2175:David Pearce
2165:Clare Palmer
2155:David Nibert
2145:Clair Linzey
2055:Joan Dunayer
1980:Aysha Akhtar
1968:Contemporary
1837:McLibel case
1792:Animal trial
1751:Seal hunting
1713:Wild animals
1698:Fishing bait
1660:Pain in fish
1479:Fish farming
1459:Battery cage
1379:Meat paradox
1336:
1277:Abolitionism
1134:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1040:(12): 1054.
1037:
1033:
1023:
1004:
998:
979:
973:
954:
948:
929:
923:
914:
908:
899:
893:
874:
868:
858:
829:
801:
775:
771:
739:
705:
612:
600:
593:
590:Peter Singer
582:
578:
575:
567:
550:Peter Singer
547:
542:
538:
532:
526:
512:
508:
504:
501:
491:
485:philosopher
480:
454:
450:
440:
430:
426:
425:
358:Deep ecology
298:Abolitionism
217:Bullfighting
180:Wild animals
159:Animal abuse
3779:Periodicals
3656:The Meatrix
3632:The Witness
3246:(Australia)
3220:(1891–1919)
3102:Faunalytics
2929:Henry Spira
2919:Hans Ruesch
2909:Jill Phipps
2904:Norm Phelps
2884:Barry Horne
2844:Royal Dixon
2839:Karen Davis
2819:Ernest Bell
2713:Ric O'Barry
2708:Jack Norris
2678:Dan Mathews
2583:Jake Conroy
2553:Barbi Twins
2528:James Aspey
2466:Gary Varner
2456:John Styles
2296:Henry Crowe
2245:Paul Waldau
2235:Michael Tye
2130:Renan Larue
2115:Melanie Joy
2100:Oscar Horta
2095:John Hadley
2065:Catia Faria
2060:Mylan Engel
2030:Alice Crary
2000:Steven Best
1995:Marc Bekoff
1961:and writers
1902:Observances
1807:Live export
1741:Ivory trade
1612:Vivisection
1587:Green Scare
1484:Fur farming
1389:Open rescue
1384:Nonviolence
671:Neohumanism
656:Ecocentrism
651:Biocentrism
483:utilitarian
427:Sentientism
278:Abandonment
273:Puppy mills
261:Oceanariums
212:Bloodsports
185:Consumption
140:Vegetarians
108:in research
4004:Categories
3768:Seaspiracy
3672:Earthlings
3312:(Portugal)
3286:DierAnimal
3201:Historical
2997:Animal Aid
2889:Marie Huot
2834:Joan Court
2814:Bob Barker
2797:Historical
2688:LuĂsa Mell
2668:Keith Mann
2663:Bill Maher
2648:Ronnie Lee
2618:Tal Gilboa
2593:Karen Dawn
2533:Greg Avery
2411:Rod Preece
2326:T. Forster
2286:Mona Caird
2259:Historical
2120:Hilda Kean
2090:Lori Gruen
1424:Vegaphobia
1414:Speciesism
1307:Animal law
715:References
681:Speciesism
609:Gradualism
603:speciesism
443:speciesism
323:Speciesism
175:Mutilation
3922:Manifesto
3861:Bite Back
3846:Magazines
3720:Vegucated
3318:(Germany)
3316:V-ParteiÂł
3294:(Germany)
3288:(Belgium)
3264:(Finland)
3087:Equanimal
2673:Jim Mason
2628:Mark Gold
2563:Gene Baur
2538:Matt Ball
2514:Activists
2426:Tom Regan
2205:Jeff Sebo
2150:Dan Lyons
1959:Academics
1947:Advocates
1802:Live food
1602:Nafovanny
1509:Livestock
1489:Fur trade
1464:Bile bear
1399:Personism
1194:Overviews
1056:2076-2615
676:Sentience
554:Tom Regan
447:humanists
368:Welfarism
313:Personism
246:Captivity
130:Advocates
3985:Category
3854:Arkangel
3786:Journals
3760:Dominion
3696:The Cove
3326:Activism
3270:(Sweden)
3258:(Canada)
3252:(Europe)
2966:Movement
2501:Voltaire
1419:Veganism
1369:Ethology
1270:Concepts
1116:: 41–53.
1074:31805715
696:Veganism
625:See also
587:—
517:—
451:humanism
435:sentient
363:Humanism
256:Circuses
239:Cosmetic
123:Movement
93:Veganism
83:Timeline
62:Overview
35:a series
33:Part of
3300:(Italy)
3282:(Spain)
3276:(Italy)
3237:Parties
1731:Hunting
1685:Fishing
1344:Carnism
1065:6940905
1034:Animals
619:neurons
564:Concept
465:History
351:Radical
308:Carnism
227:Fishing
222:Hunting
170:Killing
78:History
3987:
3960:(2003)
3941:(2014)
3933:(2014)
3925:(2008)
3917:(1991)
3909:(1987)
3897:Albums
3771:(2021)
3763:(2018)
3755:(2016)
3747:(2013)
3739:(2013)
3731:(2013)
3723:(2011)
3715:(2011)
3707:(2009)
3699:(2009)
3691:(2007)
3683:(2006)
3675:(2005)
3667:(2004)
3659:(2003)
3651:(2003)
3643:(2002)
3635:(2000)
3627:(2000)
3619:(1998)
3611:(1981)
3592:(2022)
3584:(2022)
3576:(2020)
3568:(2018)
3560:(2016)
3552:(2014)
3544:(2012)
3536:(2010)
3528:(2009)
3520:(2008)
3512:(2005)
3504:(2001)
3496:(1999)
3488:(1995)
3480:(1993)
3472:(1987)
3464:(1983)
3456:(1975)
3448:(1971)
3440:(1907)
3432:(1906)
3424:(1899)
3416:(1897)
3408:(1892)
3400:(1883)
3392:(1838)
3384:(1824)
2978:Groups
1438:Issues
1282:Ahimsa
1072:
1062:
1054:
1011:
986:
961:
936:
881:
836:
808:
746:
706:
636:Ahimsa
556:, and
496:sadism
455:theism
205:Cattle
195:Horses
147:Groups
135:Vegans
3882:Satya
3600:Films
3365:Books
3187:Viva!
1820:Cases
1770:Other
736:(PDF)
531:, in
511:but,
507:nor,
292:Ideas
3127:L214
1852:SHAC
1070:PMID
1052:ISSN
1009:ISBN
984:ISBN
959:ISBN
934:ISBN
879:ISBN
834:ISBN
806:ISBN
744:ISBN
539:good
429:(or
251:Zoos
200:Cats
190:Dogs
1114:104
1060:PMC
1042:doi
780:doi
543:bad
4006::
1112:.
1068:.
1058:.
1050:.
1036:.
1032:.
848:^
820:^
792:^
778:.
776:11
774:.
770:.
758:^
723:^
592:,
560:.
552:,
461:.
37:on
1164:e
1157:t
1150:v
1137:.
1076:.
1044::
1038:9
1017:.
992:.
967:.
942:.
887:.
842:.
814:.
786:.
782::
752:.
415:e
408:t
401:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
