183:
381:. From this point onwards, SOBSI was cautious of entering into direct conflicts with the government and national capitalists. In direct contradiction to its earlier line, SOBSI even pledged to help national capitalists and to increase productivity in industries. However, the Communist Party eventually intervened against the notion of productivity-increase at its 1956 congress. SOBSI began forming coordination committees with other unions in different sectors. In 1953 SOBSI, KBKI and four other trade union centres formed a joint
581:. By 1951, the Communist Party loosely controlled the national leadership of SOBSI. In response to the PKI influence over SOBSI, non-communist sectors withdrew from the organization and established different trade union organizations of their own. In March 1952 the Communist Party launched a massive recruitment campaign amongst the SOBSI ranks, and large numbers of SOBSI members became party members. But the SOBSI leadership was not exclusively communist, the SOBSI leader Ahem Erningpradja was a member of the leadership of the
287:(estate workers union, the largest SOBSI union) chairman Maruto Darusman were imprisoned after the uprising and were killed by the Indonesian army in December 1948, as Dutch troops approached the prison site. SOBSI operations were shut down by the army. Nineteen out of 34 affiliated unions withdrew from SOBSI in protest against the role played by communist leaders in the rebellion. SOBSI was however not formally outlawed, as the organization as such had not supported the uprising.
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resulted in the first major victory for SOBSI, having forced the government to significantly increase the estate workers' minimum wage. Strikes by oil workers in the same year blocked plans for lay-offs and forces the government to institute a non-contributory pension scheme instead. In response to the SOBSI strike wave several regional commanders of the army outlawed strikes in essential industries. The policy was by the
38:
771:
321:
Between 1950 and early 1952, SOBSI attempted to mobilize militant actions, raising issues such as wages, social security and workplace conditions. SOBSI launched a wave of strikes in late 1950. In
September 1950 Sarbupri launched a nationwide strike, which paralyzed most estates. The Sarbupri strike
304:
festival bonus to be instituted. These demands became widely popular, and the organization rapidly expanded its base. By mid-1950 SOBSI had twenty-five vertical unions as well as many local affiliated unions. It claimed a membership of 2.5 million (although that figure was questioned by outsiders).
474:
alone, SOBSI claimed a membership exceeding 510,000. During this period 5,278 teachers had been trained to carry out base-level courses, 30,703 SOBSI activists had passed through training courses. During 1962, 19,964 workers completed literacy classes organized by SOBSI. 145 SOBSI sports teams and
469:
On
January 1, 1961 SOBSI declared an ambitious three-year plan of action on organizing, education and culture. In particular SOBSI sought to strengthen its presence in agricultural and transport sectors. The campaign bore fruit, and the organization claimed to have gained half a million members in
329:
In
September 1951 an emergency law substituted the ban on strikes in vital industries, which stipulated mandatory arbitration (which SOBSI initially opposed) In August 1951 around 3,000 SOBSI activists and leaders were imprisoned in a government crackdown on opposition, in the wake of speculations
436:
inter-island shipping services were disrupted and thousands of seamen and harbour workers were left unemployed. SOBSI demanded that government pay wages to these groups, a demand conceded to by the government as it accepted to pay wages to the unemployed seamen and harbour workers until mid-1959.
299:
in
December 1948. From May 1948 work began to reorganize SOBSI. SOBSI was re-established in September 1949. The new leadership was clearly dominated by the Communist Party. The acting chairman of SOBSI, Asrarudin, left the organization in protest against the communist dominance. In November 1949,
439:
SOBSI representatives were included in the
National Council of the National Front (represented by Munir from August 1960), the People's Consultative Assembly and provincial and local councils, appointed by Sukarno in July 1959. Moreover, on August 15, 1959 SOBSI obtained one seat in the National
392:
SOBSI held its second national congress in
January 1955. At this point, the organization had 128 branch offices and claimed a membership of 2,661,970. The congress ratified the new constitution adopted in 1952. During 1955 SOBSI was able to achieve the implementation of some of its long-running
388:
However, in spite of the more moderate line of SOBSI its affiliated union remained more active in defense of the interests of their members than the rival unions. In July 1952 the sugar workers union SBG held a major strike demanding
Lebaran bonus. In September 1953 a Sarbupri strike forced the
424:
increasingly came to rely on SOBSI as the representative of labour. SOBSI was awarded status as a 'functional group' with representation at different levels. When
Sukarno appointed a 45-member National Council on July 12, 1957, with the task of assisting the cabinet, SOBSI was awarded one seat
312:
Notably, whilst no longer holding monopoly over the trade union sector, SOBSI was far better organized and financed than its rivals. Moreover, the SOBSI leadership had more experience than that of other unions. Non-SOBSI unions tended to have either a defensive approach towards SOBSI or merely
460:
The army and the
Minister of Labour had plans of creating a sole trade union federation in the country, as a way of disarming SOBSI. SOBSI was however able to defeat the plan. In response to the attacks on SOBSI by army elements in state enterprises, PKI began denouncing them as 'bureaucratic
206:
society. SOBSI was organized along industrial lines, but craft unions enjoyed equality within the organization. Amongst the sectors represented in SOBSI at the time of its foundation were teachers, printers, pawnshop employees, longshoremen, teamsters, miners, seamen, gas and electricity, oil
596:
SOBSI played an active and important role in the electoral campaigns of the
Communist Party, both ahead of the two national elections held 1955 and the local elections held 1957–1958. Local level SOBSI electoral action committees were formed throughout the country. SOBSI mobilized workers to
452:
Eventually, the nationalizations resulted in increased antagonism between SOBSI and the army. In many instances Dutch-owned properties had been seized by SOBSI unions, but were later taken over by the military. Many high-ranking officers were included in the management boards of nationalized
435:
SOBSI led struggles, both in the streets and inside parliament, demanding nationalizations of Dutch enterprises. When the Indonesian government nationalized Dutch companies in December 1957, SOBSI declared its willingness to keep the companies running. In the wake of the nationalizations,
443:
SOBSI held its third national congress in September–October 1960. In November 1960 the organization had 165 branches and five preparatory branches. At the time the organization claimed a membership of 2,732,909. The SOBSI headquarters had around 50 full-time staff members.
635:(a women's movement connected to PKI). The SOBSI Women's Bureau and Gerwani led joint campaigns, demanding implementation of women's rights guaranteed by the 1951 Labour Law (such as rights to maternity and menstruation leave and breastfeeding breaks at the workplace).
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at the 1956 party congress. Likewise, the nine-member central board of SOBSI elected consisted of eight parliamentarians elected on the Communist Party list (six declared Communist Party members whilst the other two were supposedly independents).
534:
railway workers went on strike to prevent the arrival of RPKAD shock troops. The strike was broken only after the army used machine guns against the workers. There were claims by SOBSI envoys abroad that other strikes were being organized in
553:. Prior to the crack-down, U.S.-trained trade unionists had gathered information about SOBSI members and sympathizers. Once the massacres and killings began, these lists were used to identify SOBSI followers. The organization was banned.
568:
Albeit always nominally independent, SOBSI had close links with the Communist Party. Communist Party cadres had worked within SOBSI since the time of its foundation. Other groups influential inside SOBSI during its first years were the
339:
152:
in the late 1950s, SOBSI was formally recognised and given a place in the national decision-making structures. In the 1960s, SOBSI came into conflict with the Army, whose officers controlled the country's state enterprises. After the
453:
companies, and were hostile to the SOBSI influence in the state enterprises. Most of the rivals of SOBSI in the labour movement aligned with the army in challenging SOBSI dominance. Moreover, an army-backed trade union centre,
404:, protest against the local take-over of power by a regional army commander. On the following day, SOBSI issued a warning to Suwirjo that SOBSI would organize a nationwide general strike if he formed a government cabinet with
461:
capitalists'. SOBSI stepped up its militant opposition against the 'bureaucratic capitalists' in 1960, in response to the abolishing of various colonial-era benefits (such as the Lebaran bonus) in state enterprises.
353:
SOBSI held a national conference between September 27 and October 12, 1952, which ratified the shift to the national united front line. The meeting adopted a new constitution for SOBSI, void of any mention of
431:
In September 1957 a reorganization took place inside SOBSI. The vertical and local unions were reorganized into 31 national unions. The organization had eight regional offices and 150 branches by this point.
493:
Towards the mid-1960s, SOBSI began to diverge from the party line. The organization became increasingly dissatisfied with the policy of putting national interests ahead of class interests. The PKI leader
283:, several of the communist SOBSI leaders went underground. Many SOBSI leaders were killed or went into exile when the revolt was subsequently crushed. The SOBSI chairman Harjono and
549:
Njono was sentenced to death in February 1966. After March 1966, repression against SOBSI was stepped up. Many union members were killed or imprisoned, many of them on the island
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demands, such as introduction of Lebaran bonus, new wage scale for workers and employees in the public sector and distribution of cheap essential goods in some enterprises.
1972:
2177:
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On March 1, 1952, the PKI Central Committee adopted a resolution labelling the activities of SOBSI as 'sectarian'. The PKI instructed SOBSI to align with the national
326:
in February 1951. Following the issue of the ban, SOBSI turned to sporadic strikes and sabotage actions (such as destroying cargo at ports or crops at plantations).
971:"Recent Communist Activity in Indonesia", Archief van het Ministerie van Koloniën: Indisch Archief, Serie V, 1945-1950. The Hague: The Netherlands' National Archive
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As part of the new national united front line adopted in 1952, SOBSI began organizing frequent joint delegations with other Indonesian unions to countries of the
359:
2655:
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234:, were attending the congress as well. Rajkni Tomovic (Yugoslavia), Jean Lautissier (France) and Olga Tchetchekina (Russia) of the WFTU were also present.
2650:
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490:. PKI and SOBSI saw this move as a threat to Indonesia, and SOBSI demanded the nationalization of American companies in Indonesia as a retaliation.
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Advisory Council and the National Planning Council. Some eight SOBSI representatives were included in the appointed parliament formed in June 1960.
264:
279:, a communist uprising in September 1948, SOBSI was the sole relevant trade union force in the country. When the uprising broke out in the town of
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After the formation of SOBSI, the GSBI trade union centre dissolved itself and its member unions joined SOBSI. SOBSI became a member of the
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144:(PKI) and with members from other parties, but over time, the PKI became dominant in the organisation. With the introduction of President
202:
on May 16–18, 1947. A constitution of the organization was adopted, which called for workers to unite and struggle for the creation of a
1690:
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line of the party; that SOBSI should seek cooperation with non-communist trade unions and mobilize the broadest section of workers.
518:
Following the 1965 military coup d'Ă©tat, the army wiped out SOBSI and its 62 affiliated unions. On October 10, the SOBSI office in
2496:
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606:
231:
108:
1969:
1890:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Modern Indonesia Project, Southeast Asia Program, Dept. of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, 1958. p. 113
1332:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Modern Indonesia Project, Southeast Asia Program, Dept. of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, 1958. p. 107
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about a possible leftist coup d'Ă©tat. However, relatively few SOBSI branches and unions mobilized protests against the arrests.
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1168:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Modern Indonesia Project, Southeast Asia Program, Dept. of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell University, 1958. p. 50
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regime, government discourse would continue to argue that independent labour organizing and communism was intimately linked.
501:
Njono left his post as SOBSI chairman in September 1964, as he was assigned to lead the Greater Jakarta organization of PKI.
242:
256:. The Dutch press argued that the SOBSI congress indicated a strong communist influence in the Indonesian labour movement.
237:
The top leadership of the new organization consisted of the chairman Harjono, the vice chairman Setiadjit (chairman of the
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eleven revolutionary choirs were formed. SOBSI gathered around half of the unionized workers in the country at the time.
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582:
141:
182:
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Intellectuals and Nationalism in Indonesia: A Study of the Following Recruited by Sutan Sjahrir in Occupied Jakarta
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in the late 1940s, the federation grew rapidly in the 1950s. It was initially formed with loose connections to the
578:
238:
1663:. Studies on Southeast Asia, no. 20. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1996. pp. 113-114
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ought to be distributed to every base-level union organization of SOBSI, but this was never implemented fully.
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With the crushing of SOBSI, decades of tradition of Indonesian radical labour organizing died out. Under the
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1779:. Studies on Southeast Asia, no. 20. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1996. p. 131
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SOBSI launched a campaign against the Round Table Conference agreement. The organization also called for a
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regime, SOBSI was declared illegal, its members killed and imprisoned and most of the leadership executed.
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17:
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The Soviet View of the Indonesian Revolution: A Study in the Russian Attitude Towards Asian Nationalism
1746:. New perspectives in Southeast Asian studies. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008. p. 56
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The Politics of Multiculturalism: Pluralism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia
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The Politics of Multiculturalism: Pluralism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia
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The Army and Politics in Indonesia. Politics and international relations of Southeast Asia
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The Army and Politics in Indonesia. Politics and international relations of Southeast Asia
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sales only compensated around 40% of its production costs. As of May 1957, circulation of
523:
1019:. Studies on Southeast Asia, 35. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 2003. p. 260
613:
in June 1947, at which SOBSI was accepted as a member of the international organization.
370:". Under the new orientation SOBSI sought to build alliances with the peasantry and non-
2375:
1881:
1794:. Routledge studies in the growth economies of Asia, 39. London: Routledge, 2002. p. 38
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On November 3, 1965 the activities of SOBSI were declared 'frozen' by the government.
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The Malang congress received significant attention from the Dutch press, both in the
210:
Around 600-800 delegates participated in the Malang congress. Most of them came from
1776:
Making Indonesia: [Essays on Modern Indonesia in Honor of George McT. Kahin]
1660:
Making Indonesia: [Essays on Modern Indonesia in Honor of George McT. Kahin]
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1963:
609:. Two SOBSI delegates, Harjono and Oei Gee Hwat, participated in a WFTU meeting in
531:
487:
347:
305:
In November 1950 Njono, then 28 years old, returned from a prolonged study trip to
186:
Dutch trade unionist Blokzijl addressing a meeting at the time of the 1947 congress
1821:
Economic Liberalization, Democratization and Civil Society in the Developing World
263:
coalition of left-wing groups. After Sajap Kiri was superseded by the short-lived
2136:. (Hoover Institution publications, 205). London: Croom Helm , 1978. pp. 306, 308
832:
2450:
2330:
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1713:
Politics and the Press in Indonesia: Understanding an Evolving Political Culture
1556:
Democratising Indonesia: The Challenges of Civil Society in the Era of Reformasi
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998:
The Indonesian Story, the Birth, Growth and Structure of the Indonesian Republic
959:
The Indonesian Story, the Birth, Growth and Structure of the Indonesian Republic
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The Indonesian Story, the Birth, Growth and Structure of the Indonesian Republic
851:
The Indonesian Story, the Birth, Growth and Structure of the Indonesian Republic
378:
374:
301:
249:
129:
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The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952-1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia
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The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952-1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia
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The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952-1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia
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371:
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219:
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on November 29, 1946, the first trade union federation to emerge after the
37:
2118:. Changing labour relations in Asia. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. p. 378
2455:
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2155:
1758:
Extremely Violent Societies: Mass Violence in the Twentieth-Century World
755:
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SOBSI had a separate Women's Bureau, whose membership overlapped that of
605:
At the Malang congress in 1947, SOBSI decided to affiliate itself to the
519:
284:
930:
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two years. As of late 1962, SOBSI claimed to have 3,277,032 members. In
338:
222:, Ted Roach and Mike Healy, and two Dutch trade unionists, Blokzijl (of
2522:
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committee. From that point onwards, May Day rallies were held jointly.
191:
145:
2517:
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2435:
2400:
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SOBSI issued various publications. The main publication of SOBSI was
610:
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for popular democratic revolution and to mobilize resistance against
280:
199:
2004:
The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, 1945 - 1965
1642:
Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965
1606:
Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965
1483:
Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965
1462:
Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965
1311:
Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965
666:
SOBSI publications were, however, largely unprofitable. As of 1957,
588:
Njono, the chairman of SOBSI, became a candidate member of the PKI
2425:
2420:
1407:
The Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics, 1957-1959
1389:
The Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics, 1957-1959
703:
655:(which had reached a circulation of 10,000). SOBSI also issued an
526:, the SOBSI office was ransacked by anti-communist protestors. At
495:
428:
In July 1957, the SOBSI headquarters were attacked with grenades.
337:
306:
181:
173:
97:
1743:
From Rebellion to Riots: Collective Violence on Indonesian Borneo
1084:. Cornell Modern Indonesia Project publications, 69. 1989. p. 126
457:, was formed in 1961, a move SOBSI vehemently protested against.
986:. Cornell Modern Indonesia Project publications, 69. 1989. p. 26
945:
Revolution, religion and magic; The PKI in West Timor, 1924-1966
550:
214:. One delegate represented the Indonesian Democratic Union from
211:
2159:
2115:
Labour in Southeast Asia: Local Processes in a Globalised World
1678:
A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup in Indonesia
651:
had been launched in March 1956, substituting the semi-monthly
230:) and Evert Kupers, in his capacity as the vice-chairperson of
1278:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. pp. 145-146
1188:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. pp. 141-142
1081:
The road to Madiun: the Indonesian communist uprising of 1948
1069:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. pp. 21, 133
983:
The road to Madiun: the Indonesian communist uprising of 1948
916:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. pp. 143-144
2133:
Unilever overseas: the anatomy of a multinational 1895-1965
674:
stood at a meagre 5,500. In 1958 there was a decision that
1245:. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1959. p. 341
2085:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 138
2070:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 116
2055:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 333
1920:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 151
1872:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 137
1696:
Accomplices in Atrocity. The Indonesian killings of 1965
1627:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 139
1506:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 140
1447:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 149
1352:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 152
1296:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 150
1260:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 147
1230:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 148
1150:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 134
1130:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 135
1102:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 133
1049:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 153
836:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. xvi
389:
government to increase wages for estate workers by 30%.
295:
Trade unions temporarily stopped to function during the
1905:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 66
1839:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 19
1210:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964. p. 49
1818:
Clark, Janine Astrid, and Remonda Bensabat-Kleinberg.
1731:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1978. p. 146
309:
and overtook the leadership of SOBSI as its chairman.
2103:. American business abroad. : Arno Press, 1976. p. 49
1990:
Working Class in the Struggle for National Liberation
1591:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1978. p. 65
218:. Foreign guests at the Malang congress included two
1761:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. p. 74
1242:
Marxism in Southeast Asia; A Study of Four Countries
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Law and Labour Market Regulation in South East Asia
1574:. New rich in Asia. London: Routledge, 2001. p. 113
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Made in Indonesia: Indonesian Workers Since Suharto
1367:
Made in Indonesia: Indonesian Workers Since Suharto
104:
86:
76:
60:
52:
44:
126:Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia (SOBSI)
504:SOBSI held its fourth national congress in 1965.
1541:. Honolulu: Univ. of Hawai'i Press, 2001. p. 272
816:. Honolulu: Univ. of Hawai'i Press, 2001. p. 270
498:condemned these tendencies as 'trade unionism'.
482:decided to expand the area of operations of its
931:Recollections of the 'Black Armada' in Brisbane
207:workers, estate workers and railroad workers.
2171:
2007:. Bathurst, NSW: Crawford House, 1998. p. 164
8:
396:On March 18, 1957 SOBSI organized a 24-hour
198:. SOBSI held its first national congress in
30:
2636:Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization
2533:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands)
2341:Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization
2082:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
2067:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
2052:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
2037:The Economy of Indonesia: Selected Readings
1935:The Economy of Indonesia: Selected Readings
1917:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1902:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1869:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1836:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1681:. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 2009. p. 211
1624:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1503:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1444:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1410:. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 2009. p. 104
1349:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1293:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1275:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1257:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1227:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1207:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1185:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1147:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1127:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1099:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1066:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1046:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
1034:. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 2010. p. 159
913:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
873:The Economy of Indonesia: Selected Readings
833:The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951-1963
798:The Economy of Indonesia: Selected Readings
118:Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization
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2022:. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009. pp. 57-58
1953:. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 1957. p. 55
1392:. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing, 2009. p. 42
29:
27:Former trade union federation in Indonesia
18:Sentral Organisasi Buruh Seluruh Indonesia
2513:Calcutta Southeast Asian Youth Conference
2019:Gender, Islam, and Democracy in Indonesia
1645:. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2006. pp. 243-244
1518:Indonesian Politics and Society: A Reader
1857:. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. p. 55
241:and second Deputy Prime Minister in the
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724:SBPU (construction and general workers)
623:Njono served as vice chairman of WFTU.
228:Nederlands Verbond van Vakvereenigingen
2112:Elmhirst, Rebecca, and Ratna Saptari.
1970:New volume reveals 'hidden intentions'
1716:. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. p. 20
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226:) and RKN Vijlbrief. J.G. Suurhof (of
2095:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1824:. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000. p. 34
1571:Organising Labour in Globalising Asia
1559:. Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2006. p. 97
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1521:. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. p. 5
1515:Bourchier, David, and Vedi R. Hadiz.
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157:that subsequently produced Suharto's
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2040:. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2007. p. 202
1938:. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2007. p. 204
1609:. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2006. p. 257
1486:. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2006. p. 258
1465:. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2006. p. 101
1314:. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2006. p. 149
876:. Jakarta: Equinox Pub, 2007. p. 200
866:
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1691:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1568:Hutchison, Jane, and Andrew Brown.
136:. Founded during the period of the
748:SB Kependjaraan (prison employees)
564:Relations with the Communist Party
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682:was closed down in October 1960.
2651:1947 establishments in Indonesia
2641:Trade unions established in 1947
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2356:North Kalimantan Communist Party
2296:1965–66 Indonesian mass killings
2220:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
1809:. London: Routledge, 2003. p. 94
1001:. New York: J. Day, 1948. p. 102
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514:Indonesian killings of 1965–1966
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962:. New York: J. Day, 1948. p. 85
894:. New York: J. Day, 1948. p. 84
854:. New York: J. Day, 1948. p. 68
522:was taken over by the army. In
245:) and general secretary Njono.
232:World Federation of Trade Union
2577:The Year of Living Dangerously
1806:Culture and Management in Asia
730:SBG (sugar plantation workers)
267:, SOBSI joined the new front.
178:SOBSI congress in Malang, 1947
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2148:Social Conflict in Indonesia
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1854:Southeast Asia: A Testament
727:SEPDA (municipal employees)
661:Indonesian Trade Union News
659:monthly publication called
313:mimicking SOBSI discourse.
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1675:, and Ruth Thomas McVey.
601:International cooperation
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416:With the introduction of
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1975:August 13, 2009, at the
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425:(represented by Munir).
2492:Malayan Communist Party
2477:Communist International
2261:Battle of Sungei Koemba
2016:Robinson, Kathryn May.
1239:Trager, Frank N (ed.).
777:Organized labour portal
2570:Pengkhianatan G30S/PKI
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870:Glassburner, Bruce.
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1773:., and Ruth McVey.
1657:., and Ruth McVey.
1428:. Cambridge, Mass:
1370:. Cambridge, Mass:
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2562:In popular culture
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2326:Murba Party
942:Farram, S.
508:Suppression
379:imperialism
375:bourgeoisie
250:Netherlands
220:Australians
130:trade union
2630:Categories
2528:Marhaenism
2381:Tan Malaka
2367:Key people
763:References
742:(aviation)
275:Until the
261:Sajap Kiri
216:West Timor
122:Indonesian
88:Key people
2431:Samikidin
2229:Incidents
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558:New Order
472:East Java
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356:socialism
204:socialist
159:New Order
155:1965 coup
134:Indonesia
94:Setiadjit
92:Harjono,
78:Members
68:Indonesia
53:Dissolved
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2336:Sarbupri
2145:Tjokro.
1973:Archived
758:workers)
756:Unilever
734:Sarbufis
698:Sarbuksi
692:Sarbupri
577:and the
520:Surabaya
285:Sarbupri
170:Founding
61:Location
2523:Nasakom
2396:Sukarno
2391:Darsono
752:Serbuni
740:Serbaud
633:Gerwani
537:Sumatra
486:to the
422:Sukarno
406:Masjumi
383:May Day
366:" and "
302:Lebaran
254:Batavia
252:and in
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165:History
146:Sukarno
100:, Munir
45:Founded
2518:CONEFO
2461:Wikana
2436:Semaun
2401:Alimin
611:Prague
281:Madiun
200:Malang
2426:Njoto
2421:Musso
704:SEBDA
496:Aidit
455:SOKSI
307:China
98:Njono
31:SOBSI
2208:Wars
2198:Wars
551:Buru
539:and
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