595:
in the ensuing squabble, Wanthong is condemned to death. The story then expanded as other episodes were assembled using these leading characters. The whole second half of the standard version shows signs of being an extension which repeats themes and episodes from the first half. Certain episodes are known to have been newly written and incorporated in the nineteenth century. Some episodes are known to be modeled on true events. The arrival of an embassy from
Lanchang, for example, is based on the reception of an embassy from
110:
484:
457:(Buddhist monastery) and her bedroom. Khun Chang is also smitten by Phim. He competes for her using his wealth and status. He offers to give her mother Phim's weight in gold. After Phlai Kaeo and Phim are married, Khun Chang maneuvers the king to send Phlai Kaeo on military service, and then claims he is dead. When Phlai Kaeo returns victorious, Khun Chang plots to have him banished from Ayutthaya for negligence on government service.
1148:
419:
196:
664:
1160:
427:
594:
developed over decades or centuries by storytellers absorbing and embellishing several local tales and true stories. Prince
Damrong surmised that the original version was much shorter and simpler: Khun Phaen woos and marries Wanthong but then goes to war; Khun Chang seizes her; Khun Phaen returns and
468:
Khun Chang, furious with the elopement, tries to frame Khun Phaen on the ground of treason. He tells the king that Khun Phaen is mounting a rebellion. The king sends an army which Khun Phaen defeats, killing two of its officers. A warrant is issued for his arrest. When
Wanthong becomes pregnant, Khun
405:
This standard edition is around 20,000 lines divided into 43 chapters. The main story ends in chapter 36, but a further seven chapters were included because the episodes were well-known and popular. Performers and authors had already developed many more episodes which extended the story down through
171:
The KCKP epic existed for a long time as an orally transmitted poem among Thai troubadours. The poem was first written down and published in printed form in 1872, and a standard edition first published in 1917–1918. Like many works with origins in popular entertainment, it is fast-moving and replete
464:
When Khun Phaen's second wife, Laothong, is taken into the palace by the king, Khun Phaen regrets abandoning
Wanthong. He breaks into Khun Chang's house at the dead of night and takes Wanthong away. At first she is reluctant to leave her comfortable life, but the passion rekindles, and they flee to
214:
is an old folk story in the Thai language. It originated as a folk entertainment some time around 1600 A.D., developed by storytellers who recited episodes for local audiences, and passed on the story by word-of-mouth. By the eighteenth century, such performances had become the most popular form of
1256:
as the country's national literature, probably because of the work's appeal to mass entertainment and its lack of courtly refinement that
Ayutthaya's royal audience valued. In addition, despite the work's focus on common protagonists, feminists and political correctness movements of the 1970s have
846:
Khun Phaen is also schooled in mantras or formulas with supernatural power. They are used for such purposes as stunning enemies, transforming his body into other forms, opening locks and chains, putting everyone else to sleep, and converting sheaves of grass into invulnerable spirit warriors. Khun
163:
Chang (rich but ugly) compete for the lovely
Wanthong from childhood for over fifty years. Their stories transpire amid the larger backdrop of national events, including two wars, several abductions, a suspected revolt, an idyllic sojourn in the forest, two court cases, trial by ordeal, jail, and
522:
Khun Chang gets drunk at Phra Wai's wedding, and the old rivalry returns. Phra Wai abducts
Wanthong from Khun Chang's house, prompting Khun Chang to petition the king for redress. At the subsequent trial, the king demands that Wanthong decide between Khun Chang and Khun Phaen. She cannot, and is
620:
is the great exception. The major characters are drawn from the minor provincial gentry. The authors build an atmosphere of realism by cramming the narrative with anthropological detail on dress, marriages, funerals, temple ceremonies, feasts (including menus and recipes), court cases, trial by
819:
The same purpose is served by carrying amulets made from natural materials which have some unusual property which seems contrary to nature. A good example is mercury – a metal which has the unusual property of behaving like a fluid. Other examples include cat's eye, a semi-precious stone which
176:, the story is universally known. Children learn passages at school, and the poem is a source of songs, popular aphorisms, and everyday metaphors. A standard edition of KCKP, as published by the National Library, is 1085-pages long. A complete English prose translation of KCKP was published by
850:
Finally, Khun Phaen has a corps of spirits which he looks after. They defend him against enemy spirits, act as spies, and transport him at speed. In a famous passage, Khun Phaen acquires an especially powerful spirit from the still-born foetus of his own son. This spirit is known as a
438:. Khun Phaen is handsome and intelligent, but poor because the king has executed his father and seized their property. He enters the monkhood as a novice to get educated, excelling at military skills and love magic. Khun Chang is ugly and dim-witted, but rich and well-connected at the
1219:, an old Thai house has been erected on the site of the jail where Khun Phaen was incarcerated in the poem. The house has been renamed “Khum Khun Phaen” and is a major tourist attraction. A similar house, attributed to Khun Phaen, has recently been erected in Wat Khae in
655:, but here the geography is much less certain. The place names are correct, but temples are located in the wrong town, routes between places make no geographical sense, and other mistakes indicate that the authors had only a hazy idea of the northern region.
460:
Phim (now
Wanthong) resists Khun Chang's advance. But when Phlai Kaeo (now Khun Phaen) returns from war with another wife, they have a jealous quarrel. Wanthong goes to live with Khun Chang, enjoying his devotion and the comforts afforded by his wealth.
636:, and the locations are easily identifiable today, including temples and cross-country routes. Several places mentioned in the text appear on some early nineteenth century maps which were recently discovered in the royal palace in Bangkok.
1168:
687:). This phrase refers to beliefs in supernatural powers which exist within human beings and other natural objects, and which can be activated through taught skills. These beliefs stem from the esoteric school of
155:" was a junior feudal title given for male commoners. The story recounts the adventurous and amorous struggles of the three main protagonists. Much of their relationship can be described as a love triangle.
1103:(Art and Culture). The book includes a copy of two manuscript versions of chapter 17, which Sujit secured from the National Archives under the Freedom of Information Act. These manuscripts reveal what
472:
Khun Phaen nevertheless angers the king by asking for the release of
Laothong. He is jailed, and festers in prison for around twelve years. Khun Chang abducts Wanthong and they again live together in
758:. To have power, these diagrams have to be drawn by an adept under strict rules (such as reciting formulas continuously, completing the drawing in one sitting), and activated by reciting a formula.
832:), a metal-like substance believed to become malleable under the heat of a candle's flame. These items can be strung on cords and worn around various parts of the body, or inserted under the skin.
398:. He selected what he believed were the best versions of each episode, and added some link passages. He deleted some passages which he considered obscene, and some which depended on
1136:. In it, Khun Phaen is imprisoned, and must escape by getting past nine sentries guarding him. The initial placement of the blocks is slightly different to the conventional layout.
410:
decreed that these were not good enough as either narrative or poetry to deserve publication. Around fifty of these later chapters have since been published in various collections.
365:
and other forms of entertainment. Little is known of him except for an internal reference in the poem. For over half the 43 chapters in the standard version, the author is unknown.
1223:. This temple also has an old tamarind tree which is legendarily associated with a passage in the poem in which Khun Phaen is taught how to transform tamarind leaves into wasps.
469:
Phaen decides to leave the forest and give himself up. At the court trial scene, the charges of rebellion are disproved. Khun Phaen is acquitted and Khun Chang is heavily fined.
1310:(linguist): "I have often thought that if all other information on traditional Thai culture were to be lost, the whole complex could be reconstructed from this marvellous text."
523:
dumb-struck. The king orders her execution. Phra Wai pleads successfully with the king for a reprieve, but the order arrives fractionally too late to avoid her execution.
1496:
1689:• The Story of Khun Chang Khun Phan, by H.H. Prince Prem Purachatra (Prem Chaya); edited by Montri Umavijani, illustrations by Hem Vejakorn, 1995. ISBN 9740055826.
784:) tied round the head, arm, or chest; imprinted on a belt, perhaps made from human skin; imprinted on paper or cloth which is then rolled and plaited into a ring (
242:, parts of the royal chronicles and a few other works were also rendered in this form on royal commission, but all but a few fragments have since disappeared.
966:, a Sanskrit word meaning knowledge, especially pre-vedic texts. These words position the command of these powers as an ancient and sacred form of learning.
1319:
In 2010 the first complete translation into
English has been done. Before that there was no full translation into any European language. Prem Chaya (Prince
1139:
In 2021, the Thai Channel One31 aired a modern adaptation of the story in a series called "Wanthong". The series can be watched in its entirety on YouTube.
587:
which might be dated shortly before 1600. The third chapter has a date based on a 120-year calendar which can be resolved as 1549/50, 1669/70, or 1789/90.
434:
Khun Chang, Phlai Kaeo (who later is given the title Khun Phaen), and Nang Phim Philalai (who later changes her name to Wanthong) are childhood friends in
1642:. 3 vols, Bangkok, Wachirayan Library, 1917–1918. Reprinted by Khurusapha. Includes Prince Damrong's preface on the history and background of the story.
1327:(1955, 1959), but completed only two of the three planned volumes. J. Kasem Sibunruang compiled an abridged version in French, with some commentary, as
1284:(social commentator, activist): “This immortal story is number one in Thai literature, and cedes nothing to the major literary works of other nations."
730:, where they probably originated, such diagrams are composed mostly of geometric shapes with symbolic meanings arranged in symmetrical patterns (the
476:. Wanthong gives birth to Phlai Ngam, her son with Khun Phaen. When Phlai Ngam is eight, Khun Chang tries to kill him. Phlai Ngam escapes to live in
1787:
835:
Before going into battle or any other undertaking entailing risk, Khun Phaen decks himself with several of these items. He also consults various
552:, The testimony of the inhabitants of the old capital). The memoir mentions the name of Khun Phaen in an account of a military campaign against
1779:
1063:
There have been at least seven re-tellings of the story in modern Thai prose. The first, and most complete of these, was by Premseri in 1964.
1595:
1421:
1200:
At several locations featured in the story there are now shrines with images of the characters. Such locations include Cockfight Hill in old
738:). In the Thai tradition, these diagrams also include numbers in sequences with supernatural meaning, pictures of gods and powerful animals (
1066:
Three other works tell the story with the addition of annotations and explanations of old words and forgotten customs. The study by Suphon
1002:
There have been five film versions, beginning with a silent film in two parts by Bamrung Naewphanit in 1936. The most recent film version,
1560:
1829:
Textor, Robert B. 1960. An inventory of non-Buddhist supernatural objects in a central Thai village. PhD thesis, Cornell University.
1535:
1294:
and still read it today. It's the literary work which best reflects the life of the Thai. In simple words, the voice of the people."
1263:
opened his study of the poem with the remark: “At present there are some knowledgeable people who have expressed the opinion that
1471:
384:
The standard modern edition appeared in three volumes in 1917–1918, published by the Wachirayan Library, and edited by its head,
381:. Another printed version was issued in 1889 by the Wat Ko Press. Five episodes composed by Khru Jaeng were printed around 1890.
1178:
is the source of many sayings in modern Thai, and several songs. The name Khun Phaen is shorthand for a great lover (similar to
1013:
A first TV version appeared as a single episode in 1955. A 1970 version, recounting the exploits of Khun Phaen as governor of
1186:). It is also the name of a famous amulet, reputed to bring success in love, and the slang for a large "chopper" motorcycle.
1501:
839:
which indicate whether the time and the direction of travel is auspicious. These oracles include casting various forms of
1910:
1603:
1568:
1356:
151:. The work's entire length is over 20,000 couplets. Khun Chang and Khun Phaen are the leading male characters, where "
1739:(Khun Chang Khun Phaen: series of immortal Thai literature in prose versions). Bangkok Ruamsat (11th printing, 2003).
1712:(The application of western modern literary criticism to Thai literature). MA dissertation, Chulalongkorn University.
351:, may also have contributed to the writing. Several other chapters were compiled later, probably during the reign of
1659:
Grayson, James H. (2012). "Book Review: The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen: Siam's Great Folk Epic of Love and War".
1648:. 40 vols, Rattanakosin , Wat Ko, 1890. Complete copy in William Gedney collection, University of Michigan library.
271:
Beginning in the eighteenth century, prominent episodes from the story were written down. After the foundation of
548:
1530:. Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia. Vol. 46. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. pp. 17–42.
1034:
from 1932 to 1950. The latest among many book-length cartoon versions was compiled by Sukrit Boonthong in 2005.
616:
Most major works of old Thai literature are about gods and royalty, and take place in the court or the heavens.
1620:
may be defined for the purpose of this paper as story-telling by the recitation of rhymics previously composed.
1197:, towns which figure prominently in the poem, the major streets have been named after characters in the story.
374:
340:
1267:
is an immoral book and a bad example which should be burnt or destroyed, so no one may read it from now on.”
1257:
criticized the story for celebrating Khun Phaen as a promiscuous lover, and making Wanthong a tragic victim.
542:. His evidence was a memoir believed to have been taken down from Thai prisoners in Burma after the fall of
1449:
1297:
1110:
1915:
348:
344:
328:
327:. None of these works are signed, but certain chapters and part-chapters are conventionally attributed to
324:
313:
868:
In the poem, the command of these powers is described using several combinations of the following words:
275:
in 1782, the new royal court made efforts to retrieve all kinds of texts which had survived the sack of
560:
itself, and could well have developed from the folktale, rather than vice versa. The campaign against
1770:
1698:
1461:
This section depends on research by Narongsak Sonjai, referenced in the External links section below.
1374:
1099:
177:
172:
with heroism, romance, sex, violence, folk comedy, magic, horror, and passages of lyrical beauty. In
1884:
1277:
as a great story and as a unique repository of old Thai culture. Other prominent defenders include:
283:
were transcribed from earlier texts, or adapted from recitations by storytellers. No manuscripts of
1905:
1370:
in 1963 which compares one episode in the standard text with a version he recorded in performance.
1300:(national poet): “Every Thai person over 30 should read at least four or five books, starting with
843:, looking for shapes in the clouds, and examining which nostril the breath is passing most easily.
1844:
Studien zur Literatur der Thai: Texte und Interpretationen von und zu Sunthon Phu und seinem Kreis
1815:, told in English by Prem Chaya with illustrations by Hem Vejakorn. 2 vols, Bangkok: Chatra Books.
1341:
Studien zur Literatur der Thai: Texte und Interpretationen von und zu Sunthon Phu und seinem Kreis
1045:. In 1917, BAT Co Ltd issues a series of 100 cigarette cards featuring characters from the story.
1774:
1676:
1492:
1378:
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893:
181:
160:
156:
152:
1818:
Simmonds, E. H. S. 1963. “Thai narrative poetry: palace and provincial texts of an episode from
1332:
1121:. The thesis became famous, both as a landmark in Thai literary criticism, and as an early Thai
356:
710:
is another method). The power can also be transferred to objects, especially diagrams known as
219:. The storytellers recounted the story in stylized recitation, using two small sticks of wood (
1541:
1531:
1523:
1417:
1307:
987:
569:
543:
492:
439:
288:
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796:); inscribed on a soft metal such as tin which is coiled round a cord and worn as an amulet (
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1075:
1071:
1057:
962:
913:
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633:
600:
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312:. Performance of these episodes were popular in the court and among the aristocracy. In the
1753:(Poetic treasure: Khun Chang Khun Phaen). Bangkok. (Republished as cremation volume, 1975).
1373:
Khun Chang Khun Phaen has been completely translated into English by husband-and-wife team
483:
109:
17:
1320:
1281:
1233:, has erected a model of Khun Chang's house, and commissioned a series of murals from the
1007:
378:
352:
332:
294:
It became conventional to render these written versions in the then-popular poetic meter,
148:
320:, dancing was also added and more than one performer might share the task of recitation.
1879:
1797:
Bidyalankarana, Prince. 1941. “Sebha recitation and the story of khun chang khun phan.”
1526:(1997). "Problems in Translating Traditional Thai Poetry". In Hudak, Thomas John (ed.).
1078:(Sanga Kanchanakphan) and Phleuang na Nakhon wrote a series of articles in the magazine
1715:
Kanchanakphan (Khun Wichitmatra) and Nai Tamra na Muang Tai (Pleuang na Nakhon). 1961.
1287:
1179:
1094:
696:
539:
256:
238:. For at least a century, only episodes from this work were known by this term. In the
847:
Phaen also uses love formulas to captivate women, and to allay the wrath of the king.
394:
manuscripts and a few other fragments. The earliest of the manuscripts dated from the
255:
thought that sepha meant a jail and that the genre was developed by convicts in jail.
1899:
1832:
1680:
1351:
1270:
1260:
1152:
1114:
1083:
953:
937:
921:
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676:
450:
301:
252:
144:
135:
123:
1439:
This section and the next draw on Prince Damrong’s account of the poem’s background.
768:
in Thai) diagrams can be carried on the body in various ways: tattooed on the skin (
1336:
1209:
1201:
1042:
1017:, extended over 500 episodes. Thai Channel 3 aired a serial version under the name
1014:
755:
668:
629:
516:
515:
princess and a great haul of booty. Khun Phaen now gains status as the governor of
477:
399:
377:, printed the first book version in 1872, probably using a manuscript belonging to
336:
251:
is disputed. There is a musical form of the same name, but this seems unconnected.
1725:(The testimony of the inhabitants of the old capital). 2001. Bangkok: Chotmaihet.
1097:
published a similar work which originated as a series of articles in the magazine
113:
Khun Phaen and Wanthong flee to the forest. Mural from sala on Khao Phra, U Thong.
1672:
1048:
There have been several adaptations into novels, beginning with Malai Chuphinit,
702:
The methods to activate these latent powers include meditation and recitation of
538:
story was based on true events which took place around 1500 in the reign of King
1147:
853:
507:, and successfully petitions for Khun Phaen's release. They capture the King of
430:
Old Thai house erected on site of Ayutthaya jail, and called Khun Phaen's House.
295:
140:
225:) to give rhythm and emphasis. The performances typically lasted a full night.
195:
1710:
Kan nam wannakhadi wichan phaen mai baep tawan tok ma chai kap wannakhadi thai
1230:
1220:
1190:
663:
625:
473:
446:
435:
390:
453:). Sparks fly. They have a passionate affair, with him shuttling between the
1806:
La femme, le heros et le vilain. Poeme populaire thai. Khun Chang, Khun Phen
1705:(Miscellaneous traditions). Bangkok: Social Science Association of Thailand.
1545:
1329:
La femme, le heros et le vilain. Poeme populaire thai. Khun Chang, Khun Phen
1167:
1030:
991:. In the twentieth century, episodes were adapted into the poetical form of
840:
816:, is to give invulnerability or protection against various forms of threat.
640:
512:
500:
418:
67:
981:
In the nineteenth century, various episodes were adapted into drama plays (
426:
1366:
and give a summary of the plot. E. H. S. Simmonds published an aritlce in
1780:
The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen: Siam's Great Folk Epic of Love and War
1252:
In the past, Thailand's literary establishment did not incline to accept
1183:
1122:
747:
692:
688:
648:
573:
216:
173:
85:
1737:
Khun Chang Khun Phaen: chut wannakhadi amata khong thai samnuan roi kaeo
772:- สักยันต์); imprinted on a shirt or inner shirt; imprinted on a scarf (
1885:
Article on the first complete translation into English in Bangkok Post.
1865:
1508:
1205:
1194:
1171:
Shrine to Nang Buakhli on stalactite in cave at Ban Tham, Kanchanaburi.
1159:
1129:
1104:
836:
731:
644:
531:
407:
395:
385:
323:
Several chapters were written down by members of the literary salon of
317:
272:
239:
1719:(Telling the story of Khun Chang Khun Phaen). (Reprint, Amarin, 2002).
624:
In addition, the geography is real. Most of the action takes place in
449:. She meets Phlai Kaeo when putting food in his almsbowl at Songkran (
168:
condemns Wanthong to death for failing to choose between the two men.
1067:
929:
805:
761:
735:
711:
703:
1021:(Wanthong's natal name) in 1985, and Thai Channel 5 aired a serial
519:. Phlai Ngam is appointed Phra Wai, an officer in the royal pages.
1875:
Article on adaptations of the story by Narongsak Sonjai (in Thai).
1362:
1166:
1158:
1151:
Shrine to Khun Phaen and his father Khun Krai, including a golden
1146:
945:
743:
727:
662:
652:
596:
561:
553:
508:
504:
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482:
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108:
1746:(Khun Chang Khun Phaen, much fun). Bangkok: Sinlapa Watthanatham.
1732:(Khun Chang Khun Phaen, a new reading). (Reprinted, Dokya, 2000).
1204:(images of Khun Phaen and his father Khun Krai), the old town of
556:. However, this memoir is just as much a text of oral history as
1856:
1249:. Most children have to memorize and recite extracts at school.
909:
751:
739:
707:
480:
with his grandmother who teaches him from Khun Phaen's library.
402:
and other material which he felt were no longer comprehensible.
221:
1582:
This paper touches the fringe of the subject of Siamese poetry.
316:, the performance was often enhanced by adding music. From the
1472:"Mathematics Enrichment :: Khun Phaen Escapes to Freedom"
454:
1892:
Informational Website and Showroom for Pra Khun Phaen Amulets
1070:
was published in two volumes in 1960, and republished in her
308:), especially the variant with eight-syllable lines known as
1760:(Texts of lore). 6 vols. Bangkok: Utsahakam kan phim, n.d.
974:
While the poetic sepha has become the standard version of
675:
As a novice, Phlai Kaeo is schooled in the "inner ways" (
1596:"Sebha Recitation and the Story of Khun Chang Khun Phan"
1395:
1393:
1360:
in 1926 and 1941 which explain the metrical form of the
639:
In the later part of the tale there is an expedition to
1889:
1561:"The pastime of rhyme-making and singing in rural Siam"
1082:
over 1954–57, collected together in book form in 1961.
1028:
A cartoon version, drawn by Sawat Jukarop, appeared in
422:
Model of Khun Chang's house at Wat Palelai, Suphanburi.
1839:, ed. Manas Chitkasem and Andrew Turton. London: SOAS.
1788:
The pastime of rhyme-making and singing in rural Siam
978:, the story has been rendered into many other forms.
1037:
Several famous artists have illustrated scenes from
263:, indicating some original association with ritual.
1528:
William J. Gedney's Thai and Indic Literary Studies
750:), and formulas or abbreviated formulas written in
621:ordeal, house building, travel, and entertainment.
99:
91:
81:
73:
63:
55:
43:
35:
1835:. 1991. "Invulnerability and local knowledge." In
568:seems to be modeled on events which appear in the
1811:Prem Chaya (Prince Prem Purachatra). 1955, 1959.
643:which clearly follows one of the routes taken by
499:quarrel over a beautiful daughter of the King of
1890:Pra Khun Phaen Classic Thai Masterpiece Amulets
1607:. JSS Vol. 33.1b (digital). Siam Society: image
1572:. JSS Vol. 20.2c (digital). Siam Society: image
1880:Article on History about Khun Phaen (in Thai).
820:resembles an animal's eye, and “fluid metal” (
465:an idyllic but frugal sojourn in the forest.
1128:A Thai variation of the sliding block puzzle
808:. The main purpose of these various forms of
487:Nang Phim, Wat Pa Lelai, Suphanburi, Thailand
8:
1503:วันทอง | EP.1 (FULL EP) | 1 มี.ค. 64 | one31
30:
651:. There are also two military campaigns to
503:, Phlai Ngam volunteers to lead an army to
406:three generations of Khun Phaen's lineage.
1808:. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
1412:Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2010).
47:
29:
1435:
1433:
1113:wrote an MA dissertation in 1970 using a
259:argued a connection to the Sanskrit word
1799:Journal of the Thailand Research Society
1273:is one among many enthusiasts who value
379:Somdet Chaophraya Borommaha Sisuriyawong
147:and is one of the most notable works in
1559:Bidyalankarana, H.H. Prince (1926–27).
1399:
1389:
1052:(The Hero) in 1932. The most famous is
699:and other parts of the Buddhist world.
1354:wrote two articles on the poem in the
1783:. 2 vols, Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
1452:, Thep Sarikabut, Textor, and Turton.
1245:Almost every Thai knows the story of
1163:Shrine to Nang Simala at Old Phichit.
1056:written by the major thriller author
388:. Damrong compiled from four sets of
134:
7:
1730:Khun Chang Khun Phaen: chabap an mai
1335:translated the famous chapter 24 by
1846:. Hamburg and Bangkok: Duang Kamol.
1086:also wrote a series of articles in
691:, and are found as a substratum in
279:fifteen years earlier. Episodes of
1813:The Story of Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1751:Sombat kawi: Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1325:The Story of Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1155:, at Cockfight Hill, Kanchanaburi.
1117:approach to analyze aggression in
649:war against Vientiane in 1827–1828
164:treachery. Ultimately the King of
143:which originated from a legend of
49:ขุนช้างขุนแผน ฉบับหอสมุดพระวชิรญาณ
25:
1861:The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1414:The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen
896:, similar to the suffix, -ology;
1717:Lao rueang Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1237:story around its main cloister.
445:By age 15, Phim is the belle of
1837:Thai Constructions of Knowledge
1786:Bidyalankarana, Prince. 1926. "
1744:Khun Chang Khun Phaen saensanuk
1448:This section draws on works by
1416:. Silkworm Books. p. 960.
1208:(Nang Simala), and Ban Tham in
1090:, collected as a book in 1989.
985:), dance dramas, comedies, and
339:. Another member of the salon,
1346:There are very few studies on
1343:. Hamburg and Bangkok (1985).
1339:word-for-word into German, in
1290:(novelist, essayist): “I like
995:, and the folk performance of
136:[kʰǔntɕʰáːŋkʰǔnpʰɛ̌ːn]
1:
1859:. Blog by the translators of
1708:Cholthira Satyawadhna. 1970.
1350:in western languages. Prince
232:created a new genre known as
159:Phaen (dashing but poor) and
1673:10.1080/0015587X.2012.683564
1107:had excised in his editing.
333:King Rama III (r. 1824–1851)
1804:Kasem Sibunruang, J. 1960.
1792:Journal of the Siam Society
1640:Sepha Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1604:Journal of the Siam Society
1594:Bidya, H.H. Prince (1941).
1569:Journal of the Siam Society
1357:Journal of the Siam Society
18:Sepha Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1932:
1765:Works in Western languages
1323:) began a précis version,
948:, a verse or formula; and
576:chronicles for the 1560s.
386:Prince Damrong Rachanubhab
1723:Khamhaikan chao krung kao
957:
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583:mentions a gift from the
549:Khamhaikan chao krung kao
305:
267:Development as literature
127:
706:or formulas (elsewhere,
396:Fourth Reign (1851–1868)
341:Prince Mahasak Phonlasep
325:King Rama II (1809–1824)
318:Fourth Reign (1851–1868)
314:Second Reign (1809–1824)
245:The origin of this word
240:Fourth Reign (1851–1868)
1870:poetic meter (in Thai).
1699:Anuman Rajadhon, Phraya
579:The opening chapter of
345:King Rama I (1782–1809)
287:have survived from the
77:1917 (1st standard ed.)
1742:Sujit Wongthet. 2002.
1172:
1164:
1156:
672:
564:in the latter part of
511:, and return with the
488:
431:
423:
208:
199:Modern performance of
114:
48:
31:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1857:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1820:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1749:Suphon Bunnag. 1960.
1728:Kukrit Pramoj. 1989.
1646:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1450:Phaya Anuman Rajadhon
1348:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1302:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1298:Naowarat Phongphaibun
1292:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1275:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1265:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1254:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1247:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1235:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1176:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
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1162:
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1134:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1119:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
1111:Cholthira Satyawadhna
976:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
932:, a Buddhist prayer;
880:), taught knowledge;
666:
618:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
592:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
581:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
566:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
558:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
536:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
486:
429:
421:
373:A former missionary,
335:, and the great poet
285:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
281:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
230:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
212:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
198:
119:Khun Chang Khun Phaen
112:
1866:Introduction to the
1758:Phra khamphi phrawet
1100:Sinlapa Watthanatham
527:Origins of the story
1842:Wenk, Klaus. 1985.
1775:Phongpaichit, Pasuk
1693:Other works in Thai
1241:Contemporary status
865:), a golden child.
228:The performance of
44:Original title
32:
1911:Epic poems in Thai
1524:Gedney, William J.
1379:Pasuk Phongpaichit
1173:
1165:
1157:
1006:, was directed by
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647:armies during the
534:believed that the
491:When the kings of
489:
432:
424:
209:
182:Pasuk Phongpaichit
115:
1474:. nrich.maths.org
1423:978-9-7495-1195-4
1308:William J. Gedney
814:Khom inscriptions
359:, a performer of
215:entertainment in
107:
106:
82:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
1923:
1756:Thep Sarikabut,
1735:Premseri. 1964.
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1072:cremation volume
1058:Por Intharapalit
1039:Khun Chang Phaen
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1288:Rong Wongsawan
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1143:In modern life
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1095:Sujit Wongthet
1019:Phim Phlilalai
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1771:Baker, Chris
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1653:English Text
1645:
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1609:. Retrieved
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1574:. Retrieved
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1493:Ghostarchive
1491:Archived at
1487:
1476:. Retrieved
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1407:
1400:Grayson 2012
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1202:Kanchanaburi
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659:Supernatural
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630:Kanchanaburi
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591:
590:Most likely
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478:Kanchanaburi
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337:Sunthorn Phu
329:King Rama II
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188:Origins and
170:
139:) is a long
118:
117:
116:
1375:Chris Baker
1315:Translation
1227:Wat Palelai
1050:Chai Chatri
997:phleng choi
970:Adaptations
914:Brahminical
854:Gumarn Tong
794:waen phirot
695:throughout
667:Khun Phaen
369:Publication
343:, a son of
178:Chris Baker
1906:1872 poems
1900:Categories
1824:Asia Major
1667:(2): 239.
1629:References
1478:2013-04-18
1368:Asia Major
1333:Klaus Wenk
1231:Suphanburi
1221:Suphanburi
1191:Suphanburi
1125:treatise.
1080:Withayasan
1054:Khun Phaen
1023:Khun Phaen
1004:Khun Phaen
790:แหวน พิรอด
653:Chiang Mai
626:Suphanburi
562:Chiang Mai
554:Chiang Mai
509:Chiang Mai
505:Chiang Mai
497:Chiang Mai
474:Suphanburi
447:Suphanburi
436:Suphanburi
391:samut thai
357:Khru Jaeng
203:, showing
132:pronounced
1681:216644963
1634:Thai text
1611:August 8,
1576:August 6,
1381:in 2010.
1217:Ayutthaya
1088:Siam Rath
1074:in 1975.
1060:in 1972.
1031:Siam Rath
1025:in 1998.
1010:in 2002.
841:horoscope
685:thang nai
641:Vientiane
634:Ayutthaya
603:in 1791.
601:Ayutthaya
570:Ayutthaya
546:in 1767 (
544:Ayutthaya
513:Vientiane
501:Vientiane
493:Ayutthaya
440:Ayutthaya
310:klon paet
289:Ayutthaya
277:Ayutthaya
184:in 2010.
166:Ayutthaya
74:Published
68:Epic poem
1826:, 10, 2.
1701:. 1965.
1661:Folklore
1546:38725901
1495:and the
1331:(1960).
1184:Casanova
1123:feminist
1115:Freudian
1093:In 2002
960:), from
944:), from
908:), from
892:), from
882:witthaya
863:กุมารทอง
826:เหล็กไหล
778:ประเจียด
764:(called
748:elephant
720:เลขยันต์
693:Buddhism
689:Buddhism
574:Lan Xang
414:Synopsis
174:Thailand
86:Thailand
56:Language
1794:, 20.2.
1509:YouTube
1206:Phichit
1195:Phichit
1130:Klotski
837:oracles
830:lek lai
782:prajiat
770:sak yan
732:mandala
724:lek yan
704:mantras
645:Bangkok
612:Realism
442:court.
408:Damrong
273:Bangkok
39:unknown
1773:, and
1679:
1544:
1534:
1420:
1068:Bunnag
983:lakhon
930:mantra
912:, the
806:takrut
802:ตะกรุด
762:Yantra
736:yantra
726:). In
712:yantra
669:amulet
632:, and
36:Author
1801:, 33.
1677:S2CID
1618:Sebha
1599:(PDF)
1564:(PDF)
1385:Notes
1363:sepha
1180:Romeo
993:nirat
988:likay
963:agama
950:akhom
946:gatha
934:katha
926:มนตร์
894:vidya
890:วิทยา
870:wicha
756:Khmer
744:tiger
734:is a
728:India
681:ทางใน
597:Tavoy
362:sepha
355:, by
291:era.
248:sepha
235:sepha
201:sepha
190:sepha
100:Pages
95:Print
64:Genre
1868:klon
1613:2014
1578:2014
1542:OCLC
1532:ISBN
1418:ISBN
1377:and
1193:and
958:อาคม
954:Thai
942:คาถา
938:Thai
922:Thai
910:veda
902:Thai
886:Thai
878:วิชา
874:Thai
859:Thai
822:Thai
798:Thai
786:Thai
774:Thai
752:Pali
740:lion
716:Thai
708:yoga
677:Thai
572:and
495:and
306:กลอน
302:Thai
297:klon
261:sewa
222:krap
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