465:. The trustees of St. Mary's defied the bishop by keeping Hogan as their priest. For Mier this was a matter of control over what the American form of the Church should be, and he became central to the debate. In a dialog of pamphlets "Servandus Mier" made vigorous assertions and was vigorously condemned; in one response he wrote, "It is true that I was a prisoner of the inquisition ... but I would think citizens in the United States and every civilized country would consider this honourable." He left the U.S. with a Colombian passport issued by Torres.
50:
392:
while Torres and other
Spanish American agents helped organize Mina's expedition. The expedition left for New Spain in September, with disastrous results. With the capture of the insurgents' fort at Soto de la Marina on June 13, 1817, Mier was taken prisoner again, this time by the royalists. He was
529:
Nearing death, he invited his friends to a party to bid him farewell on
November 16, 1827. He gave a speech justifying his life and opinions, and died on December 3, 1827. He was interred with great honor in the church of Santo Domingo in Mexico City. In 1861, his body was exhumed, together with 12
256:
of New Spain, Mier preached a sermon affirming that the apparitions of the Virgin of
Guadalupe had happened 1750 years before, and not in 1531. He argued that the original painting of Our Lady of Guadalupe was on the cloak of Saint Thomas the Apostle, who had preached in the Americas long before
502:). In this speech he argued for a centralized republic or in the event of a federal system being adopted, for its being in moderation. He was among the signers of the Act Constituting the Federation and of the Federal Constitution of the United States of Mexico. Mexico's first president,
352:
In the war between France and Spain, he returned to Spain as military chaplain of the
Volunteers of Valencia. He was present at many battles. In Belchite, he was taken prisoner by the French, but he was able to escape again (for the fifth time). He presented himself to General
245:
261:. This sermon, with its bold revision of Mexican history and identity, was seen as a provocation. Our Lady of Guadalupe represented an intense and highly localized religious sensibility that Creole leaders, such as
349:, from which he escaped in 1804. However, he was again arrested and returned to prison, where he spent three years. Then the Pope named him his domestic prelate, because he had converted two rabbis to Catholicism.
533:
The mummies were exhibited under the claim they were victims of the
Inquisition. Some of the mummies, including Mier's, were sold to an Italian who accepted the claim. His mummy was later shown in
428:
to encourage him to send a diplomat to Mexico to counter the monarchist movement there, which he did the next year. Mier published several works while in
Philadelphia, including a new edition of
328:
421:. Torres was now acting as the Colombian representative in the U.S. Though opposites in demeanor, Mier and Torres shared a fanatical anti-monarchism and had a close friendship.
738:
450:
430:
232:. He studied philosophy and theology in the College of Porta Coeli, and was ordained a priest. By the age of 27, he had earned his doctorate and was a noted preacher.
224:, in the colony of New Spain (in modern-day Mexico). He was a descendant of the Dukes of Granada and conquistadors of Nuevo León. At the age of 16, Mier entered the
345:
When he returned to Madrid, he was again apprehended, this time for a satire he had written supporting
Mexican independence. He was sent to the reformatory in
743:
778:
484:, and was arrested again. He was imprisoned in the convent of Santo Domingo, but on January 1, 1823, he escaped again, for the seventh and last time.
384:. Mina convinced him to join an expedition to New Spain to fight for its independence. They sailed for the United States on May 15, 1816, arriving in
783:
733:
773:
753:
288:. However, on his return from the Council, he took the wrong road and was arrested again. This time, he was confined to the Franciscan convent in
477:, still in control of the Spanish. The first Mexican constituent congress was able to secure his release; he became a deputy for Nuevo León.
55:
320:
768:
357:, who recommended him to the Junta of Seville for his services. The Regency in Cádiz granted him an annual pension of 3,000 pesos.
541:
748:
545:
201:
67:
258:
758:
669:
Bowman, Charles H. Jr. "Manuel Torres in
Philadelphia and the Recognition of Colombian Independence, 1821–1822".
492:
He was elected a deputy to the second constituent congress. On
December 13, 1823, he delivered his famous speech
262:
281:, Spain; a perpetual ban from teaching, preaching, or hearing confessions; and the loss of his doctoral degree.
409:
After this escape Mier returned to the United States again in June 1821, where lived in Manuel Torres' home in
389:
249:
473:
In
February 1822, he returned to Mexico, at Veracruz, but was again taken prisoner and held at the castle of
481:
458:
454:
339:
205:
150:
120:
342:; and the Duke of Montmorency. In 1802, he left the Dominican Order and became a secular priest in Rome.
381:
285:
241:
197:
308:
443:
La América Española dividida en dos grande departamentos, Norte y Sur o sea Septentrional y Meridional
728:
723:
556:
Mier published many speeches, sermons and letters on religion and politics, including the following:
704:"Displaced 'Pan-Americans' and the Transformation of the Catholic Church of Philadelphia, 1789–1850"
189:. His sermons and writings presented revisionist theological and historical opinions that supported
515:
474:
394:
365:
274:
312:
674:
575:(His life's apology and relations under memoirs title), Madrid: 1924. 2nd ed., Mexico City: 1946.
503:
418:
425:
385:
338:, then traveling as a student but later an important conservative politician in Mexico; Baron
514:
In 1797, he wrote a letter where he confirms that the original date of the apparition of the
327:
was set in Louisiana, with a Native American heroine. Mier also wrote a dissertation against
763:
354:
523:
225:
703:
685:
335:
253:
166:
717:
462:
221:
190:
129:
88:
410:
315:'s former teacher, he opened an academy in Paris to teach Spanish and to translate
20:
569:(New Spain Revolution History), 2 vols., London: 1813. 2nd ed., Mexico City: 1922.
414:
229:
146:
208:'s claim to imperial rule. He is honored for his role in Mexican independence.
173:. He was imprisoned several times for his controversial beliefs, and lived in
304:. There he was interpreter for the rich Peruvian José Sarea, Count of Gijón.
277:
condemned Mier to 10 years' exile in the convent of Las Caldas del Besaya in
265:, would later use in their opposition to Spanish rule as a symbol of Mexico.
446:, was uncharacteristically moderate for Mier—and was actually Torres' work.
278:
217:
170:
124:
116:
372:, a newspaper that supported the independence movements in Latin America.
49:
534:
457:, another acquaintance. Mier defended the parish's excommunicated priest
297:
678:
540:
Mier's name is inscribed in letters of gold on the Wall of Honor of the
424:
Through Torres, Mier contacted Colombian secretary of foreign relations
440:. Historian Charles Bowman suggested one pamphlet bearing Mier's name,
346:
293:
204:
and, as a deputy in independent Mexico's constituent Congress, opposed
186:
24:
686:"Manuel Torres, a Spanish American Patriot in Philadelphia, 1796–1822"
397:, thence to the dungeons of the Inquisition, and finally, in 1820, to
273:
The sermon initially drew no attention but one week later, Archbishop
519:
398:
361:
289:
182:
581:(Library of Latin America), New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
671:
Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia
301:
178:
174:
246:
Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca y Branciforte, marqués de Branciforte
598:
Bowman, "Manuel Torres, a Spanish American Patriot", pp. 46–47.
643:
Cartas Sobre la Tradición de Ntra. Sra. de Guadalupe de México
284:
In 1796, he was granted permission to present his case to the
573:
Apología y relaciones de su vida bajo el título de Memorias
437:
Memoria politico-instructiva enviada a los gefes de Anáhuac
449:
The priest involved himself in a controversy surrounding
537:, but what became of his remains after that is unknown.
453:, to which he was connected through Torres and merchant
388:, Virginia. Mier became friends with New Granadan exile
240:
On December 12, 1794, during the commemorations of the
257:
Spanish conquest, and this had been re-discovered by
563:(Letters from an American to the Spaniard), 1811–13.
619:
Bowman, "Manuel Torres in Philadelphia", pp. 18–20.
329:
Constantin-François de Chasseboeuf, comte de Volney
136:
103:
98:
84:
66:
40:
695:"Mier Noriega y Guerra, José Servando Teresa de".
165:(October 18, 1765 – December 3, 1827) was a
163:Fray José Servando Teresa de Mier Noriega y Guerra
431:A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies
610:Bowman, "Manuel Torres in Philadelphia", p. 22.
31: and the second or maternal family name is
708:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
690:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
493:
441:
435:
8:
606:
604:
380:In London, he met the Spanish revolutionary
739:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
655:The Memoirs of Fray Servando Teresa de Mier
579:The Memoirs of Fray Servando Teresa de Mier
80:7 November 1823 – 24 December 1824
48:
37:
567:Historia de la revolución de Nueva España
334:In Paris, he came to know Chateaubriand;
292:. In 1801, he escaped and took refuge in
68:Deputy to the Second Constituent Congress
591:
530:others. All the bodies were mummified.
488:As a member of the constituent congress
244:apparition, in the presence of Viceroy
526:), and by the Spanish on December 12.
544:, the building that today houses the
506:, invited him to live in the palace.
296:, France. From Bayonne, he passed to
7:
480:He opposed the Mexican Empire under
401:—where he escaped for a sixth time.
169:priest, preacher, and politician in
56:Museo Nacional de las Intervenciones
710:128, no. 4 (October 2004): 343–366.
14:
744:Mexican people of Spanish descent
628:Warren, "Displaced 'Pan-Americans
561:Cartas de un americano al español
779:Prisoners and detainees of Spain
692:94, no. 1 (January 1970): 26–53.
542:Legislative Palace of San Lázaro
784:Escapees from Spanish detention
734:Escapees from Mexican detention
673:80, no. 1 (March 1969): 17–38.
522:natives on September 8 (of the
434:and the anti-monarchical tract
774:Mexican independence activists
754:Mexican Roman Catholic priests
417:activist and future president
321:François-René de Chateaubriand
1:
364:, where he collaborated with
699:, vol. 9. Mexico City: 1987.
469:Return to independent Mexico
413:for three months along with
23:, the first or paternal
202:Mexican War of Independence
800:
769:Politicians from Monterrey
461:, who had offended Bishop
18:
495:Discurso de las profecias
263:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
156:
94:
73:
62:
47:
250:Manuel Omaña y Sotomayor
376:Expedition to New Spain
252:and the members of the
42:Servando Teresa de Mier
697:Enciclopedia de México
518:was celebrated by the
494:
442:
436:
393:sent to the castle of
340:Alexander von Humboldt
500:"Prophetic Discourse"
498:(loosely translated,
382:Francisco Javier Mina
286:Council of the Indies
198:Francisco Javier Mina
749:Mexican philosophers
395:San Carlos de Perote
702:Warren, Richard A.
546:Chamber of Deputies
516:Virgen de Guadalupe
482:Agustín de Iturbide
242:Virgin of Guadalupe
206:Agustín de Iturbide
121:New Kingdom of León
504:Guadalupe Victoria
419:Vicente Rocafuerte
16:Mexican politician
451:St. Mary's Church
366:José María Blanco
216:Mier was born in
196:Mier worked with
160:
159:
791:
759:Mexican soldiers
657:
652:
646:
639:
633:
631:
626:
620:
617:
611:
608:
599:
596:
548:in Mexico City.
510:Death and legacy
497:
475:San Juan de Ulúa
455:Richard W. Meade
445:
439:
143:
140:December 3, 1827
114:October 18, 1765
113:
111:
99:Personal details
78:
54:Portrait in the
52:
38:
799:
798:
794:
793:
792:
790:
789:
788:
714:
713:
666:
661:
660:
653:
649:
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636:
632:", pp. 352–354.
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627:
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614:
609:
602:
597:
593:
588:
554:
524:Julian calendar
512:
490:
471:
426:Pedro José Gual
407:
405:In Philadelphia
378:
309:Simón Rodríguez
271:
238:
226:Dominican Order
214:
145:
141:
127:
115:
109:
107:
79:
74:
58:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
797:
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771:
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751:
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682:
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470:
467:
406:
403:
377:
374:
307:Together with
270:
267:
237:
234:
213:
210:
167:Roman Catholic
158:
157:
154:
153:
144:(aged 62)
138:
134:
133:
105:
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100:
96:
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81:
71:
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64:
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53:
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41:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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645:, 1797, p. 53
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521:
517:
509:
507:
505:
501:
496:
487:
485:
483:
478:
476:
468:
466:
464:
463:Henry Conwell
460:
459:William Hogan
456:
452:
447:
444:
438:
433:
432:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
404:
402:
400:
396:
391:
390:Manuel Torres
387:
383:
375:
373:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
350:
348:
343:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:Simón Bolívar
310:
305:
303:
300:and later to
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:Nuñez de Haro
268:
266:
264:
260:
255:
251:
248:, Archbishop
247:
243:
235:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
191:republicanism
188:
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172:
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155:
152:
148:
139:
135:
131:
126:
122:
118:
106:
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97:
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90:
87:
83:
77:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
51:
46:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
707:
696:
689:
670:
654:
650:
642:
637:
624:
615:
594:
578:
572:
566:
560:
555:
539:
532:
528:
513:
499:
491:
479:
472:
448:
429:
423:
411:Philadelphia
408:
379:
369:
360:He moved to
359:
351:
344:
336:Lucas Alamán
333:
324:
316:
306:
283:
272:
239:
215:
195:
162:
161:
142:(1827-12-03)
85:Constituency
75:
32:
29:Mier Noriega
28:
21:Spanish name
729:1827 deaths
724:1765 births
230:Mexico City
200:during the
147:Mexico City
718:Categories
664:References
415:Ecuadorian
370:El Español
259:Juan Diego
236:The sermon
222:Nuevo León
130:Nuevo León
110:1765-10-18
89:Nuevo León
279:Cantabria
254:Audiencia
218:Monterrey
212:Education
171:New Spain
132:, Mexico)
125:New Spain
117:Monterrey
76:In office
679:44210719
552:Writings
535:Brussels
298:Bordeaux
269:In exile
19:In this
764:Mummies
386:Norfolk
347:Seville
294:Bayonne
187:England
25:surname
677:
641:Mier,
520:Mexica
399:Havana
362:London
290:Burgos
183:France
151:Mexico
33:Guerra
684:———.
675:JSTOR
586:Notes
355:Blake
325:Atala
317:Atala
302:Paris
179:Spain
175:exile
128:(now
185:and
137:Died
104:Born
368:on
319:of
228:in
177:in
27:is
720::
706:.
688:.
603:^
331:.
323:.
311:,
220:,
193:.
181:,
149:,
123:,
119:,
681:.
630:'
112:)
108:(
35:.
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