586:. We have learned from you only that 'in union there is strength'; that is an old lesson, but also, in large measure, how to make 'One out of many'. From you we have learned what we, at least, value, to separate Church and State; and from you, we gather inspiration at all times in our devotion to learning, to religious liberty, and to individual and National freedom. These are some of the things for which we believe the American people owe no little gratitude to the Dutch; and these are the things for which today, speaking in the name of the American people, we venture to express their heartfelt thanks.
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330:. Low was named after his grandfather Seth Low (1782β1853) who moved with his son Abiel to Brooklyn to start a prosperous importing company. When Brooklyn was incorporated as a city in 1834, Seth the elder was one of the incorporators; he also served on the Board of Aldermen and was first President of the Board of Education. Seth the elder was also involved with charity and support work for the poor; on his deathbed, he admonished his three-year-old grandson and namesake: "Be kind to the poor."
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reform movement, of which Low was a stalwart, denounced emergency assistance of potatoes and flour for the poor. The reduction in welfare assistance for the poor led many to seek shelter in "police station basements" and in city hospitals, and led many poor parents to bring "their children to asylums" and many men to beg on the streets for "charity or work."
660:. Even though he believed in collective bargaining rights, which had customarily been denied to labor unions by those in authority, he did not favor strikes, but rather embraced arbitration as a suitable labor-management negotiation tactic. He was a founder and the first president of the Bureau of Charities of Brooklyn, and was elected vice-president of the
675:. He became convinced that this difficulty could best be solved by democratic cooperation among farmers and consumers. He was president of the Bedford Farmers' Cooperative Association. He was also one of the founders of the Cooperative Wholesale Corporation of New York City, an organization which seeks to bring about a business federation of all the
352:. After graduating from Columbia in 1870, Low made a short trip abroad, and then entered the tea and silk house of A. A. Low & Brothers, which had been founded by his father in New York. In 1875, he was admitted a member of the firm, from which, upon its liquidation in 1888, he withdrew with a large fortune.
445:
Low's tax increases and non-partisan governing policy lost him a measure of public support. By 1883, fellow
Republicans were criticizing Low openly, and the press was critical of his tax policy. Although the Democrats ran the weak, nearly unknown candidate Joseph C. Hendrix in 1883, Low beat him by a
395:
Brooklyn
Republicans sensed an opportunity, but they were split between the "stalwart" candidate Benjamin F. Tracy and reform candidate Ripley Ropes. Low had no particular ambition to become Mayor, but his name was brought forth as a compromise, because his wealth and old family name appealed to the
496:
To forge a university, Low vitally united the various schools into one organization whose direction was moved from the separate faculties to a university council. Further reforms effected by him include the reorganization of the Law School, the addition of a faculty of pure science, the association
457:
in 1884 furthered the rift with his fellow
Republicans. He declined to run for a third term in 1885, and refused to support Republican nominee General Isaac S. Catlin. Instead, he supported a reform candidate, General John R. Woodward. By this time, the public was losing their attraction to reform,
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Low instituted a number of educational reforms. He was the first to integrate
Brooklyn schools. He introduced free textbooks for all students, not just those who had taken a pauper's oath. He instituted a competitive examination for hiring teachers, instead of giving teaching jobs to pay political
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In the mid-1870s, Seth Low began to lay the groundwork for his political career by supporting "welfare reform" and the elimination of food and coal disbursements for the poor which caused "starving people" to gather at "warehouses where food was stored" to beg for help. During this period, the
565:
On this day, so full for
Americans of thoughts connected with their National Independence, we may not forget that Americans have yet other grounds for gratitude to the people of the Netherlands. We cannot forget that our flag received its first foreign salute from a Dutch officer, nor that the
418:
German immigrants wanted to enjoy their local beer gardens on the
Sabbath, in violation of state "dry" laws and the demands of local puritanical clergy. Low's compromise solution was that saloons could stay open as long as they were orderly. At the first sign of rowdiness, they would be
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Low raised the tax rate from $ 2.33 of $ 100 assessed valuation in 1881 to $ 2.59 in 1883. He also went after property owners who had not paid back taxes. This increase in city revenue enabled him to reduce the city's debt and increase services. However, raising taxes proved extremely
493:, and secured trustee approval to change its name to "Columbia University". The new campus matched Low's vision of a civic university fully integrated into the city; the original design subsequently reconceived, left it open to the street and surrounding neighborhoods.
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Low's major achievement as mayor was to secure a degree of "home rule" of the city. Previously, the State
Government dictated city policies, hiring, salaries, and other affairs. Low managed to secure an unofficial veto over all Brooklyn bills in the State
396:"stalwarts" and his reformist views appealed to the reformers. Low accepted the nomination at the Republican city convention, making it clear that he would not be a partisan mayor. Low defeated the incumbent Democrat
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485:, serving between 1890 and 1901. Not an educator in the specific meaning of the word, he succeeded by his administrative skill in transforming the institution. He led the move of the institution from
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won election. With
Whitney came the return of Democratic machine politics for another seven years. By 1892, some writers were looking back on Low's tenure as a "Golden Age" of clean government.
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of the
University with the Teachers College, and the extension of the department of political and social study. In 1895, he gave one million dollars of his inheritance from his father for
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parties. Some of his notable achievements include the introduction of a civil service system β based upon merit β for hiring municipal employees, reducing widespread graft within the
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694:, on September 17, 1916. Even his funeral demonstrated the ability of Low to reach political consensus, with honorary pallbearers that included both financier and philanthropist
1482:
Topper, Joby (2011). "College
Presidents, Public Image, and the Popular Press: A Comparative Study of Francis L. Patton of Princeton and Seth Low of Columbia, 1888β1902".
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754:, there is a street named after Low called Seth Low Mountain Road. Intermediate School 96 in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn is known as Seth Low Intermediate School 96.
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slimmer margin than his first election. Where Low won his first term by 5,000 votes, he squeaked by re-election with only a 1,548-vote margin.
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392:(or "good government") sentiment had begun to gain favor, and public sentiment was starting to turn against the incumbent Democratic regime.
326:, was one of the first young American women to live in China. The Low family was old Puritan New England stock, descended from Thomas Low of
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633:, and lowering taxes. Despite these seemingly impressive achievements he only served for two years and was defeated in 1903 by Democrat
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Low's first campaign for mayor of consolidated New York in 1897 was unsuccessful, partially because of a division among anti-
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683:, he finally resigned and devoted himself entirely to the agricultural phase of cooperation. Low was also a trustee of the
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341:. For years, Low wavered between the two faiths. Finally, at age 22, Low decided he would henceforth be an Episcopalian.
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store societies in the eastern United States, but not being in sympathy with the radical tendency of this phase of the
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290:(January 18, 1850 β September 17, 1916) was an American educator and political figure who served as the mayor of
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Seth Low (seated at right) with other members of the American delegation to the International Peace Conference, 1899
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In 1902, Low resigned as president of the university to become the second mayor of the newly consolidated
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Low became interested in the food supply problem, that is its contribution to the constantly increasing
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to be built at the new Columbia University campus. It was dedicated to his father and opened in 1897.
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debts. Low set aside $ 430,000 for the construction of new schools to accommodate 10,000 new students.
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public housing development named Seth Low Houses. It consists of four 17 and 18 story buildings.
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Low served as a member of the board of the New York Bridge Company, the company that built the
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By 1881 Brooklyn had been governed for years by a corrupt Democratic political machine under
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Finding aid to Seth Low papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
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from 1902 to 1903. He was a leading municipal reformer fighting for efficiency during the
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1461:(1960). "The Test of a Reformer: A Study of Seth Low, New York City Mayor, 1902-1903".
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Low introduced Civil Service Code to all city employees, eliminating patronage jobs.
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877:"Interpreting Macau through the Journals of Harriett Low and Rebecca Chase Kinsman"
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candidates and parties. However, four years later, he managed to attain office.
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At the conference, Low made the concluding speech, printed two months later in
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606:. He and Twain made a joint appearance that drew a crowd of more than 2,000.
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from 1890 to 1901, a diplomatic representative of the United States, and the
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In the Spring of 1916, Low became ill with cancer. He died in his home in
613:. He stands out as the first mayor of Greater New York to be elected on a
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of Minnesota, then the United States Minister to the Netherlands; Captain
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Following his tenure as mayor of Brooklyn, Low assumed the presidency of
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371:. They had no biological children, but adopted two nieces and a nephew.
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neighborhood of Brooklyn there is also a playground named after Low.
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On July 4, 1899, he was one of the American delegates to attend the
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1384:
Fredman, L. E. (1972). "Seth Low: Theorist of Municipal Reform".
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gave to our independence its first formal recognition. By way of
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1285:"Columbia for Jews? The Untold Story of Seth Low Junior College"
1219:"Seth Low Playground/ Bealin Square Highlights : NYC Parks"
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1846:
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Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
359:
On December 9, 1880, he married Anne Wroe Scollay Curtis of
318:
and Ellen Almira Dow. Low's father was a leading trader in
536:, then the United States Ambassador to the German Empire;
602:
During his 1901 campaign, he had the support of humorist
403:
Low's time in office was marked by a number of reforms:
2383:
Presidents of the Archaeological Institute of America
1833:* indicates acting or interim president or chancellor
963:
Seth Low: the Reformer in an Urban and Industrial Age
504:
During his time at Columbia, Low was elected to the
400:after a two-week campaign, 45,434 votes to 40,937.
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881:Journal of Sino-Western Cultural Studies (δΈθ₯Ώζεη η©Ά)
861:. New York: The Press Association Compilers, Inc.
1224:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
1484:Perspectives on the History of Higher Education
652:), a historically black college directed under
563:
2388:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2363:Politicians from Westchester County, New York
2103:
1858:
1647:
8:
1177:"NYC 100 β NYC Mayors - The First 100 Years"
147:January 1, 1881 β December 31, 1885
61:January 1, 1902 β December 31, 1903
426:, and led an unsuccessful effort to remove
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1052:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
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2338:Delegates to the Hague Peace Conferences
806:
2333:Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
748:Seth Low Pierrepont State Park Reserve
430:as the chief engineer on that project.
1463:New York Historical Society Quarterly
1031:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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617:ticket, with the support of both the
544:, of the United States Navy; Captain
7:
2378:Progressive Era in the United States
887:from the original on March 25, 2022.
859:The Cyclopædia of American Biography
2358:People from Bedford Hills, New York
1328:; Carnes, Mark Christopher (eds.).
1295:from the original on March 19, 2022
1264:from the original on March 25, 2022
821:from the original on March 25, 2022
666:Archaeological Institute of America
2328:Columbia College (New York) alumni
14:
2373:Presidents of Columbia University
2313:20th-century American politicians
2308:19th-century American politicians
1664:Presidents of Columbia University
548:, of the United States Army; and
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1551:President of Columbia University
1246:"Seth Low Pierrepont State Park"
844:
815:"Mayors of the City of New York"
584:United States of the Netherlands
532:. Others in the delegation were
477:'s portrait of Seth Low, c. 1890
466:President of Columbia University
296:president of Columbia University
92:President of Columbia University
1196:Meek, Clarence E. (July 1954).
790:List of mayors of New York City
16:American politician (1850β1916)
2323:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
1028:New International Encyclopedia
851:Homans, James E., ed. (1918).
526:International Peace Conference
512:International Peace Conference
506:American Philosophical Society
1:
2318:American Geographical Society
1198:"Fireboats Through The Years"
1145:Feld, Bruce (March 9, 1992).
2353:New York (state) Republicans
1421:Low, Benjamin R. C. (1925).
662:New York Academy of Sciences
346:Poly Prep Country Day School
84:George B. McClellan Jr.
1386:Journal of American Studies
1331:American National Biography
369:United States Supreme Court
328:Essex County, Massachusetts
322:, and his father's sister,
2404:
1519:Works by or about Seth Low
1318:Cerillo, Augustus (1999).
883:(in English and Chinese).
629:, improving the system of
388:. By this time, a wave of
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1398:10.1017/S0021875800001171
1283:Hirt, Leeza (Fall 2016).
658:National Civic Federation
631:education within the city
281:
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42:
30:
959:Kurland, Gerald (1971).
724:Brooklyn Fire Department
337:, and his mother was an
232:Anne Wroe Scollay Curtis
72:Robert Anderson Van Wyck
2348:Mayors of New York City
2213:Robert K. Christenberry
2148:William Mills Ivins Sr.
1874:Mayors of New York City
1624:George B. McClellan Jr.
1544:Frederick A. P. Barnard
1340:Oxford University Press
1061:Oxford University Press
780:between 1928 and 1936.
774:Seth Low Junior College
765:, New York, there is a
698:and labor activist and
692:Bedford Hills, New York
644:He was chairman of the
635:George B. McClellan Jr.
294:from 1881 to 1885, the
212:Bedford Hills, New York
115:Frederick A. P. Barnard
2123:mayor of New York City
1610:Mayor of New York City
1561:Nicholas Murray Butler
1157:(Letter to the editor)
1148:"Seth Low's Mayoralty"
677:consumers' cooperative
591:Mayor of New York City
588:
578:, and again by way of
521:
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363:, daughter of Justice
300:mayor of New York City
127:Nicholas Murray Butler
49:Mayor of New York City
1049:(November 19, 1998).
664:and president of the
519:
473:
1326:Garraty, John Arthur
1125:search.amphilsoc.org
1121:"APS Member History"
1097:Simon & Schuster
873:Puga, RogΓ©rio Miguel
687:of Washington, D.C.
681:cooperative movement
654:Booker T. Washington
574:and Delft-Haven and
499:Low Memorial Library
453:support of Democrat
2188:Fiorello La Guardia
2178:Fiorello La Guardia
2158:John Purroy Mitchel
1427:G. P. Putnam's Sons
778:Columbia University
736:from 1885 to 1917.
708:Green-Wood Cemetery
706:. He is buried in
646:Tuskegee University
491:Morningside Heights
428:Washington Roebling
333:Low's father was a
314:Low was the son of
2343:Mayors of Brooklyn
2263:Nicole Malliotakis
2193:Jonah J. Goldstein
2163:William M. Bennett
2127:1898 consolidation
1878:1898 consolidation
1603:Robert A. Van Wyck
1568:Political offices
685:Carnegie Institute
650:Tuskegee Institute
558:The New York Times
522:
479:
365:Benjamin R. Curtis
258:Abbot Augustus Low
205:September 17, 1916
2285:
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2253:Michael Bloomberg
2173:Frank D. Waterman
2138:Benjamin F. Tracy
2085:
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1840:
1839:
1630:
1629:
1621:Succeeded by
1593:Daniel D. Whitney
1590:Succeeded by
1583:Mayor of Brooklyn
1558:Succeeded by
1536:Academic offices
1514:Project Gutenberg
1510:Works by Seth Low
1085:McCullough, David
1070:978-0-19-511634-2
1047:Burrows, Edwin G.
1022:"Low, Seth"
969:Twayne Publishers
854:"Low, Seth"
627:police department
487:Midtown Manhattan
460:Daniel D. Whitney
375:Mayor of Brooklyn
285:
284:
197:New York City, US
170:Daniel D. Whitney
135:Mayor of Brooklyn
2395:
2368:Poly Prep alumni
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2208:Harold Riegelman
2119:Republican Party
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1600:Preceded by
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1541:Preceded by
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1523:Internet Archive
1499:
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1459:Swett, Steven C.
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1377:Internet Archive
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1334:. Vol. 14.
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1094:
1091:The Great Bridge
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996:Internet Archive
993:
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889:
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831:
830:
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811:
696:J. P. Morgan Jr.
611:City of New York
483:Columbia College
455:Grover Cleveland
350:Columbia College
348:in Brooklyn and
276:Columbia College
208:
195:January 18, 1850
194:
192:
180:Personal details
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80:
68:
59:
35:
21:
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2398:
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2392:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2272:
2218:Louis Lefkowitz
2203:Edward F. Corsi
2183:Lewis H. Pounds
2168:Henry H. Curran
2129:
2116:
2086:
2081:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
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2032:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1960:
1952:
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1936:
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1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
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1871:
1841:
1836:
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1616: β
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1312:Further reading
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843:
834:
824:
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813:
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808:
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642:
593:
550:Frederick Holls
546:William Crozier
534:Andrew D. White
514:
475:Eastman Johnson
468:
449:In 1884, Low's
443:
424:Brooklyn Bridge
386:Hugh McLaughlin
382:
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316:Abiel Abbot Low
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304:Progressive Era
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2068:(2022βpresent)
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1504:External links
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577:
576:Plymouth Rock
573:
569:
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552:of New York.
551:
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53:
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34:
29:
22:
19:
2268:Curtis Sliwa
2223:John Lindsay
2153:Otto Bannard
2142:
1897:
1832:
1831:
1774:(1945β1948)*
1753:
1750:(1888β1889)*
1696:(1784β1787)*
1690:(1775β1776)*
1608:
1581:
1576:James Howell
1549:
1487:
1483:
1466:
1462:
1422:
1392:(1): 19β39.
1389:
1385:
1375:– via
1369:. Retrieved
1329:
1297:. Retrieved
1288:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1252:
1240:
1230:November 20,
1228:. Retrieved
1222:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1191:
1180:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1152:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1124:
1115:
1090:
1079:
1050:
1037:
1026:
994:– via
988:. Retrieved
962:
880:
867:
858:
823:. Retrieved
809:
772:There was a
771:
756:
752:Low's nephew
745:
738:
732:
721:
714:, New York.
689:
670:
649:
643:
608:
601:
597:Tammany Hall
594:
566:Province of
564:
556:
554:
542:Alfred Mahan
523:
503:
495:
480:
448:
444:
402:
398:James Howell
394:
383:
358:
354:
343:
339:Episcopalian
332:
313:
287:
286:
207:(1916-09-17)
165:Succeeded by
158:James Howell
142:
122:Succeeded by
99:
79:Succeeded by
56:
18:
2303:1916 deaths
2298:1850 births
2060:(2014β2021)
2052:(2002β2013)
2044:(1994β2001)
2036:(1990β1993)
2028:(1978β1989)
2020:(1974β1977)
2012:(1966β1973)
2004:(1954β1965)
1996:(1950β1953)
1994:Impelitteri
1988:(1946β1950)
1980:(1934β1945)
1956:(1926β1932)
1940:(1918β1925)
1932:(1914β1917)
1916:(1910β1913)
1908:(1904β1909)
1900:(1902β1903)
1892:(1898β1901)
1822:(2023β2024)
1816:(2002β2023)
1810:(1993β2002)
1804:(1980β1993)
1798:(1970β1980)
1792:(1969β1970)
1786:(1953β1968)
1780:(1948β1953)
1768:(1902β1945)
1760:Van Amringe
1756:(1890β1901)
1744:(1864β1888)
1738:(1849β1863)
1732:(1842β1849)
1726:(1829β1842)
1720:(1811β1829)
1714:(1801β1810)
1702:(1787β1800)
1684:(1763β1775)
1678:(1754β1763)
1618:1903-12-31
1469:(1): 5β41.
1321:"Low, Seth"
1299:January 18,
1289:The Current
761:section of
759:Brownsville
741:Bensonhurst
726:operated a
441:Second term
324:Harriet Low
263:Harriet Low
153:Preceded by
110:Preceded by
67:Preceded by
37:Low in 1901
2292:Categories
2125:since the
1978:La Guardia
1876:since the
1778:Eisenhower
1772:Fackenthal
1700:W. Johnson
1676:S. Johnson
1614:1902-01-01
1587:1882β1885
1555:1890β1901
1490:: 63β114.
985:1036866696
796:References
648:(formerly
640:Later life
623:Republican
604:Mark Twain
561:, saying:
436:unpopular.
380:First term
310:Early life
271:Alma mater
223:Republican
191:1850-01-18
2258:Joe Lhota
2058:de Blasio
2050:Bloomberg
1906:McClellan
1826:Armstrong
1814:Bollinger
1496:1948-6812
1475:0028-7253
1414:145262585
1406:0021-8758
1371:March 25,
1366:468280018
1268:March 25,
1161:August 8,
990:March 25,
977:76-125816
825:March 25,
568:Friesland
530:The Hague
408:Assembly.
335:Unitarian
260:(brother)
254:Relatives
143:In office
133:23rd
104:1890β1901
100:In office
90:11th
57:In office
47:92nd
2143:Seth Low
2042:Giuliani
1890:Van Wyck
1828:(2024β)*
1730:N. Moore
1712:B. Moore
1688:B. Moore
1451:6676816M
1435:25008687
1423:Seth Low
1358:98020826
1293:Archived
1259:Archived
1203:June 28,
1130:April 3,
1087:(1972).
885:Archived
819:Archived
784:See also
763:Brooklyn
733:Seth Low
728:fireboat
712:Brooklyn
702:founder
292:Brooklyn
288:Seth Low
246:(father)
25:Seth Low
2238:Ed Koch
2034:Dinkins
2010:Lindsay
1986:O'Dwyer
1970:O'Brien
1946:Collins
1930:Mitchel
1790:Cordier
1762:(1899)*
1748:Drisler
1742:Barnard
1706:Wharton
1694:Clinton
1521:at the
1443:3940557
757:In the
739:In the
451:mugwump
419:closed.
390:goo-goo
367:of the
2002:Wagner
1972:(1933)
1964:(1932)
1954:Walker
1948:(1925)
1924:(1913)
1914:Gaynor
1820:Shafik
1802:Sovern
1796:McGill
1766:Butler
1718:Harris
1708:(1801)
1682:Cooper
1494:
1473:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1412:
1404:
1364:
1356:
1346:
1103:
1067:
983:
975:
849:
730:named
718:Legacy
615:fusion
572:Leyden
361:Boston
265:(aunt)
237:Parent
229:Spouse
2066:Adams
2018:Beame
1962:McKee
1938:Hylan
1922:Kline
1410:S2CID
1324:. In
1262:(PDF)
1249:(PDF)
801:Notes
767:NYCHA
320:China
2026:Koch
1808:Rupp
1784:Kirk
1736:King
1724:Duer
1492:ISSN
1471:ISSN
1439:OCLC
1431:LCCN
1402:ISSN
1373:2022
1362:OCLC
1354:LCCN
1344:ISBN
1301:2020
1270:2022
1232:2017
1205:2015
1163:2008
1132:2024
1101:ISBN
1065:ISBN
992:2022
981:OCLC
973:LCCN
827:2022
722:The
621:and
214:, US
202:Died
185:Born
1898:Low
1754:Low
1512:at
1394:doi
776:at
746:In
710:in
700:AFL
528:at
489:to
2294::
1488:28
1486:.
1467:44
1465:.
1447:OL
1445:.
1437:.
1429:.
1425:.
1408:.
1400:.
1388:.
1360:.
1352:.
1338::
1291:.
1287:.
1257:.
1251:.
1221:.
1179:.
1151:.
1123:.
1099:.
1095:.
1063:.
1059::
1055:.
1045:;
1025:.
1004:^
979:.
971:.
967:.
893:^
879:.
857:.
835:^
817:.
668:.
508:.
306:.
2111:e
2104:t
2097:v
1866:e
1859:t
1852:v
1655:e
1648:t
1641:v
1498:.
1477:.
1453:.
1416:.
1396::
1390:6
1379:.
1303:.
1272:.
1234:.
1207:.
1185:.
1165:.
1134:.
1109:.
1073:.
998:.
829:.
193:)
189:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
