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although failure to be perfect can be exacerbated by contributing factors like lack of education, substance abuse, self-hatred, or survivorâs guilt, such failure is not in its deepest sense caused by those factors, at least not for most people. It seems part of many of our natures to be occasionally impulsive creatures who do not always act in our own genuine long-term best interests. In fact, from the perspective of behavior change, the amazing thing about gay menâs rate of condom use is not that it is so low, but that it is so high. Compared to campaigns that attempt to encourage people to quit smoking, or to diet and exercise, or to quit using addictive drugs, campaigns that often measure success in single percentage points, the consistent adoption of condoms by approximately half of all gay men is a remarkable success by almost any behavioral scale.
776:"We had our support group," Gonsalves says, "and at the end, it moved to talking about Gabriel Rotello's new book, and we all got sort of exercised about it.â "We were just sitting around and talking about how depressing it was that we kept hearing these stories about bars being closed," says Warner. "And then we kept turning to the gay press, and instead of seeing coverage about this or resistance to it, we would see these reactionary screeds by Rotello and Signorile." Says Gonsalves, "And we thought, why don't we do something about this?" Gonsalves recruited among grassroots activists, and Warner, along with art critic Douglas Crimp recruited scholars. About fifty people showed up at the first Sex Panic organizational meeting in late May.
500:... the global epidemic clearly demonstrates that AIDS is not a "gay disease." Homophobic theories that AIDS proves the inherent "unnaturalness" of homosexuality are belied by global statistics showing that 90 percent of all cases worldwide are spread via heterosexual sex. However, those same statistics illustrate that while AIDS is not a gay disease, it is certainly an ecological disease that will strike with fury at any population whose collective sexual behavior is characterized by high contact rates, active core groups, high levels of sexual mixing, and high carriage of other STDs.
194:. His conclusion is that gay men need to reduce their number of partners and increase condom use to bring the infection rate down. Rotello's central argument derives from the epidemiological concept that sexually-transmitted epidemics are the result of three factors, sometimes called the Triad of Risk: the "infectivity" of a sexually transmitted disease (STD), or how easily it spreads; the "prevalence" of that STD in a particular group, and 3. the âcontact rate,â or the average number of sexual partners that people have within a particular group.
706:, AIDS activist Jim Eigo wrote that the book's "central argument" is that gay men should "...abandon current safer sex strategies (primary among them the condom code) and adopt serial monogamy as a communal norm." Comparing Rotello to right-wingers such as Jesse Helms and Pat Buchanan, Eigo called the concept of holistic prevention "a quirky regurgitation of Judeo-Christian doctrine" and "breathtakingly simpleminded ... Reading it all I kept wondering, in what way would crabbed monogamy be more holistic than loving, healthy promiscuity?"
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continued to spread among gay men, it might mutate into increasingly virulent or drug-resistant strains. Studies indicate that this is occurring, but has not reached levels which would alter the epidemic's trajectory. Rotello predicted that as gay men continued to transmit HIV despite knowledge of how not to, mainstream society might withdraw some of its support for gay rights. Polls indicate that public belief that AIDS is the nation's "most urgent health problem" has declined from 38 percent to seven percent since
536:"A compelling warning about gay culture and the imperative need for a change in beliefs and behavior. Rotello's message has been carefully and convincingly laid out. Well aware that his call for increased sexual restraint will be seen as reactionary and homophobic by those who cling to an orgiastic view of gay liberation, he anticipates their arguments and answers them persuasively in this impressive analysis of a pressing social problem." In another starred review,
729:" He criticized Rotello's contention that legalizing gay marriage might help to lower the contact rate: "Maybe, but legalizing gay marriage won't halt the homophobia that deforms gay kids ... Just below the book's surface runs the idea that if we remade gay culture in a straight image we would conquer HIV. However, the first principle of behavior change is not to impose outside norms but to build on indigenous ones." Schoofs continued,
337:, AIDS epidemiologists began reporting a "second wave" of HIV infections among gay men. Some studies indicated that 40 percent or more of young gay men would become infected with HIV by the time they reached middle age, despite the wide promotion of condoms. Many activists, including Rotello, had previously argued that the problem of new HIV infections had been largely solved by the promotion of condoms in the 1980s.
388:" is when an infected person infects more than one other person and a disease begins to spread. A triad of risk is prevalence (the percentage of people in a pool of sex partners who are already infected), infectivity (the likelihood that a disease will be transmitted during one sexual encounter), and contact rate (the average number of sexual partners in a given population).
459:
took longer to start and spread than the other epidemics because of its lower infectivity. Aspects of gay sexual ecology cited by epidemiologists included insertive-receptive versatility, partner concurrency, viral load, reduced immunity due to STD re-infection and substance abuse, and the role of travel. According to evolutionary biologist
808:... The crowd rewards anyone who mentions Rotello, Signorile, Kramer, or Sullivan with hisses, boos, and laughs. The men and women here tonight feel sure of their enemies, and as the evening advances, these enemies condense into one creature, a hyphenated neoconservative bogeyman named Rotello-Signorile-Kramer-Sullivan.
820:...the Gang of Four of the late 90s panic within the GLBT community ... they narrated gay life from an apologist perspective, describing AIDS as a punishment for queer sexuality and asking good gays to divorce themselves from their alter ego, "the promiscuous queer" ... The new sex wars were upon us.
862:
by Randy Shilts, there is an open debate among homosexuals about promiscuity's role in AIDS." The article cited
Michael Warner as saying that "... promiscuous sex is the essence of gay liberation, and that any attempt to fight AIDS by changing the culture is doomed. 'It is an absurd fantasy to expect
197:
Rotello writes that gay men significantly lowered the first leg of the triad (infectivity) with condom use, but condoms alone were unable to quell the epidemic because the second leg of the triad (prevalence) was already so high. Gay men needed to address the third leg of the triad: the contact rate.
481:
A second wave of AIDS arose during the 1990s. Gay men were using condoms up to 60 percent of the time, but epidemiological studies and mathematical models indicated that it was not enough to bring the epidemic below the tipping point. The late-1980s drop in new infections was due to saturation; when
392:
Simply put, without partner change no STD can spread. Partner A may infect partner B, but things will end there. In a thoroughly monogamous population, there would be no STDs at all, no matter how infectious certain microbes might theoretically be. Conversely, the higher the level of partner change,
886:
many of which have been prescient. He predicted that as new drugs effectively treated HIV, fear would abate and condom use would probably diminish; treatment could become a form of prevention by lowering group infectivity. Rotello warned that if gay men responded to the availability of treatment by
490:
Dieters slip off their diets. Alcoholics fall off the wagon. Former smokers impulsively light up. Responsible drivers sometimes drive drunk or fail to buckle up. Couples desperate not to have a child sometimes fail to use birth control. Failure at compliance is not a specifically âgayâ problem, and
458:
When the study began, the percentage of gay men infected with HIV was in the low single digits. It rose to between 40 and 60 percent in most test cities by 1985, with peaks of 58 percent in Denver and
Seattle, 60 percent in San Diego, 70 percent in Philadelphia, and 73 percent in San Francisco. HIV
441:
From rare viruses such as HTLV to more common infections such as hepatitis A, every sexually transmitted infection that entered the gay male ecosystem rose to unprecedented levels, so that by the end of the decade homosexual men had by far the highest sexually transmitted disease load of any social
894:
He warned that without lowering the contact rate, gay men would maintain the highest incidence of STDs in the US. Rotello was concerned that such patterns of behavior would prompt the emergence of novel STD pathogens and drug-resistant forms of established pathogens. He also predicted that as HIV
906:
has continued. It has been discussed in over 200 subsequent books and hundreds of articles and scholarly papers on subjects including epidemiology, sociology, AIDS, gay history, psychology, spirituality, ecology, and sexuality. Much of the discussion echoes the original debate, with some authors
564:
reviewer wrote that
Rotello " ... cogently rethinks the epidemic as the ecologically enabled result of HIV's biology and post-Stonewall gay sex ... He seeks "a sustainable gay culture, one that does not destroy the very souls it liberates" with a sexual ecology that must constantly add
319:
called it "the most progressive of the gay publications," saying that it "gave voice to a new generation of AIDS activists ... and provided a rallying point for the more militant members of the gay community." Rotello was controversial for promoting the word "queer" as a catchall phrase for
575:
a "scrupulously researched and carefully constructed argument for a gigantic shift in how we view sexually transmitted diseases ... This book marks a turning point, as perhaps the first major work to challenge how the dogma of gay liberation and AIDS education have sometimes blended into a
828:
as homophobic, assimilationist, and scientifically inaccurate. Referring to
Rotello and others, a flyer for a New York teach-in was headlined "DANGER! ASSAULT! TURDZ!". Sex Panic! held a national summit in San Diego in November 1997, much of which focused on combating and discrediting
454:... were to become invaluable measures of the rise of HIV infection once a test for HIV antibodies became available in the mid-eighties. Researchers were then able to go back, retest the blood, and obtain a stop-motion picture of HIVâs deadly incursion into the gay male population.
357:, and joined a group called Gay and Lesbian HIV Prevention Activists (GALHPA), that believed that such venues should enforce safe sex or be closed. GALHPA's stance was controversial, and reignited the "bathhouse debates" of the early 1980s. It was against this backdrop that
346:, which described the emerging scientific consensus that HIV had existed in human populations for decades before the 1980s but had not previously produced an epidemic because it required a unique set of circumstances to spread. The article was eventually expanded into
504:
Although condoms are the most important element of HIV prevention, reliance on them obscured the need to address multiple partners and active core groups. A prevention strategy must emphasize condoms, encourage partner reduction, and discourage core-group behavior.
397:"Core groups", smaller groups who transmit STDs at higher levels than the surrounding population, are an additional factor. Core members have large numbers of sexual partners who have large numbers of partners, creating a feedback loop which can amplify disease.
377:, and American gay men. According to this theory, HIV did not cause previous epidemics because it is difficult to transmit and the collective behaviors needed to create an epidemic did not exist before the sexual and IV-drug revolutions of the 1960s and 1970s.
670:
blows the lid off the epidemiological closet ... Whatever the complexity of the task, the first step must be an honest assessment of how we got into this mess and what each of us can do to end it. Rotello delivers that in spades. I dreaded reading
400:
During the 1960s and 1970s, gay liberation and casual sex with multiple partners became widespread; similar changes among young heterosexuals were overshadowed by the gay world's network of bars, cruising areas, sex clubs, and bathhouses. Attendees of
605:, an urban gay culture built around gay men each having unprotected sex with hundreds or thousands of different partners is simply not sustainable. It is not only the epidemics we all know about; other epidemics are waiting to happen." In his book,
482:
50 to 60 percent of gay men were infected, infections declined until a new cohort of young, uninfected men became sexually active. Prevention activists focused on increasing condom use, citing a lack of safer-sex education, condom availability, the
27:
699:"urges gay men to devise alternatives to promiscuity while haranguing them for failing to be restrained. It preaches communal solidarity while demonizing those who dissent. It offers a message of empathy laced with contempt."
384:, most American gay men did not engage in high-risk behavior; they had fewer partners and were more inclined to have oral (rather than anal) sex. Gay men had fewer STDs than the heterosexual population. An epidemiological "
619:" ... one of the best lay treatments of the mechanics of a disease epidemic." It entered the syllabi of a number of medical schools, and is widely read in schools of public health in the United States and abroad.
495:
AIDS was not epidemic among heterosexuals in the developed world but was in sub-Saharan Africa, Haiti, and
Thailand, infecting heterosexuals whose behavior was similar to gay male behavior in the United States.
717:
wrote: "... Rotello presents an ugly distortion of gay history and life." Schoofs disputed
Rotello's underlying contention that HIV prevention was failing: "Fortunately, prevention programs are working. As the
741:
reads all too much like another indictment of gay men: We have done almost nothing right. This does not stand up to the historical record, nor will it stand up to the life experiences of most gay readers.
353:
As
Rotello began writing the book, gay sex clubs opened in New York City which allowed unprotected anal sex in open settings for the first time in over a decade. He wrote columns criticizing this for
560:
will lead to more honest, rational discussion about AIDS transmission, without feeding the hellfire flames favored by anti-gay outsiders. Ideally, it will generate practical, beneficial action." A
198:
According to
Rotello, lowering the contact rate while continuing to emphasize condoms might provide enough additional "room for error" to bring new infections below the epidemic's tipping point.
725:
s Scott
Holmberg recently told me, 'There have been huge, marked behavior changes in every index of gay male behavior: entering monogamous relationships, reducing partners, using condoms.
733:
Rotello's browbeating rhetoric, his revision of AIDS-prevention history, and his distortion of gay life add up to more than "mere" matters of style, or politics, or even truth ...
340:
He began investigating the underlying reasons why AIDS had affected gay men originally and why it was continuing. One result was "The Birth of AIDS", a cover story for the magazine
2151:
1563:
466:
AIDS prevention and the "condom code" developed during the mid-1980s. Condoms became the primary response to AIDS prevention in the gay world after the publication of "
178:
and why a number of experts believe that new HIV infections will disproportionately affect gay men in the future. Rotello examines the origins and timeline of the
2146:
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2046:
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because I didnât want to be scolded about my sex life. What I discovered was one of the seminal works of the plague years. It belongs on the shelf next to
324:; he considered himself a member of the gay left. In 1992, He became the first openly-gay man to become an op-ed columnist for a major American newspaper (
1252:
1071:
863:
gay men to live without a sexual culture when we have almost nothing else that brings us together', Mr. Warner said." Rotello responded to Sex Panic!'s
737:
could have helped lift gay men to a new understanding of how our lives interconnect. But
Rotello has polluted his own grand metaphor and made it toxic.
1864:
369:
Rotello presents a number of myths about the epidemic. HIV existed in humans for at least several decades before the AIDS epidemic first appeared in
1972:
1924:
598:
2060:
796:
were encouraging a governmental backlash against gay sexual freedom and contributing to a crackdown on New York City gay bars and sexual venues.
657:"The most important book in the history of the gay community and AIDS." Pioneering AIDS activist and GMHC co-founder Roger McFarlane wrote for
2141:
692:
784:, who described historical "sex panics" as "moral crusades that lead to crackdowns on sexual outsiders." Gonsalves and Warner believed that
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group in America. In many instances, it was dozens or even, as with intestinal parasites, hundreds of times higher than average.
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might encourage partner reduction, but gay men must realize the true causes of the epidemic and the reasons for its longevity.
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Sex Panic! began a campaign of articles, posters, workshops and teach-ins to advance its views, which included discrediting
1024:
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and longevity of the gay AIDS epidemic and that, with condom use, partner reduction was key to containing the epidemic. In
255:
The book was criticized by others in the gay community for arguing that multiple partners played a significant role in the
2131:
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891:- "the decline in infectivity could easily be outbalanced by a rise in the unsafe contact rate", continuing the epidemic.
556:" ... a bombshell ... a transformative plan for sustaining gay culture and dealing with AIDS ... Ideally,
133:
1090:
719:
683:. This is no sermon on unbridled libido. Itâs a monumental testament of love for which we should thank the author.
593:
called the book "remarkable" and " ... a breath of fresh air in the growing litany about the AIDS epidemic."
907:
describing it as a key text on gay men and AIDS and others calling it assimilationist, inaccurate or homophobic.
2038:
760:
273:"toxic" and "an ugly distortion of gay life." AIDS activist Jim Eigo compared Rotello to right-wingers such as
1176:
Stall, R; Duran, L; Wisniewski, SR; Friedman, MS; Marshal, MP; McFarland, W; Guadamuz, TE; Mills, TC (2009).
1797:
1684:
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unnatural appliances, ranging from condoms to pills to who knows what else, to keep its members alive." The
405:
and sex clubs might have hundreds of sexual partners per year, leading to sexually-transmitted epidemics of
210:
called it " ... a remarkable book ... a breath of fresh air in the growing litany about the AIDS epidemic."
1938:
1667:
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the more likely that even microbes that are relatively hard to transmit will have an opportunity to spread.
789:
290:
248:
639:"one of the most important books ever written for and about gay men." Charles Silverstein, co-author of
2091:
990:
2006:
858:] has deeply divided the gay intelligentsia. For the first time since the publication in 1987 of
833:. Sex Panic! was active for two years, defending public sex and criticizing developments such as the
216:
called the book "trenchant" and "brave", saying that it "merits the attention of a broad audience";
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478:. The code was expected to prevent new infections and allow the gay sexual revolution to continue.
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281:, writing that he "scapegoats and stigmatizes those of us who engage in multipartnerism." The
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463:, high levels of HIV transmission among gay men produced more virulent strains of the virus.
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said that Rotello's "brave, significant book deserves to be as widely read as Randy Shilts'
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816:, Benjamin Shepard wrote that Rotello, Signorile, Kramer and Sullivan came to be known as
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1993:"Medical News Today, New MRSA Superbug More Prevalent Among Sexually Active Gay Men"
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described how the group was born during a support-group meeting of HIV-positive men:
204:
was considered a major contribution to AIDS discourse, and became a gay bestseller.
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289:, accusing Rotello and other writers the group called "gay neo-cons" (particularly
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330:) in 1992, and used that platform to argue for gay rights and AIDS activism.
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During the 1980s, Rotello was a New York City AIDS activist and a member of
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increasing unsafe sex and increasing multipartnerism - the phenomenon of
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sexual minorities and for the phenomenon of "outing," which began at
306:
175:
1713:
Richard Goldstein, "Big Science: Whatever Happened to Safer Sex?".
919:
on its list of 100 Best Gay and Lesbian Non-Fiction Books in 2004.
915:
an American association of LGBT publishing professionals, included
754:
was formed in New York City several weeks after the publication of
899:
was published, and support for gay rights is at an all-time high.
374:
285:
activist organization was formed in part to combat the message of
848:
received widespread media attention. According to an article in
646:
627:
The book was supported by gay and AIDS activists and reviewers.
450:
transmission among gay men began in 1978, and its blood samples
597:, former director of the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies at
587:
was supported by the scientific and public-health communities.
1237:
Rotello, Gabriel, "Sex Clubs are the Killing Fields of AIDS",
854:
167:
1939:"LA Times, Virulent Chlamydia Detected Largely Among Gay Men"
780:
Sex Panic!'s name was derived from the work of gay historian
119:
246:" ... the most important book about gay men and AIDS since
1973:"LA Times, 3 Dead in Meningitis Outbreak in Gay Community"
145:
873:
to the group which was widely reprinted in the gay press.
446:
HIV entered this system and began to spread. A study of
297:, and Andrew Sullivan) of betraying gay sexual freedom.
645:, called it "the most important gay book of the 90s."
882:
Rotello made a number of warnings and predictions in
615:
called Rotello's description of STD epidemiology in
2039:"Same-Sex Marriage Support Reaches New High at 55%"
576:potentially unhealthy cocktail of misinformation."
143:
131:
117:
105:
89:
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71:
61:
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43:
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228:of the AIDS epidemic." It was also praised by the
1728:"Jim Eigo, Sexual Ecology: An Activist Critique"
601:, wrote: "As Gabriel Rotello argued in his book
20:Sexual Ecology: AIDS and the Destiny of Gay Men
2075:"Publishing Triangle 100 best nonfiction books"
159:Sexual Ecology: AIDS and the Destiny of Gay Men
8:
19:
2152:Non-fiction books about same-sex sexuality
2061:"Sexual Ecology citations in Google Books"
1863:Mcneil, Donald G. Jr. (27 November 2013).
25:
18:
1201:
170:has continued to infect large numbers of
1925:"SF Examiner, Drug Resistant Gonorrhea"
1911:"The Advocate, Drug Resistant Syphilis"
1799:Queer Political Performance and Protest
1796:Shepard, Benjamin (10 September 2009).
1769:Shepard, Benjamin (10 September 2009).
1224:Rotello, Gabriel. "The Birth of AIDS",
956:
814:Queer Political Performance and Protest
788:and other works by gay writers such as
764:interview, Sex Panic! founding members
2147:LGBTQ literature in the United States
7:
1838:"Rotello: Open Letter to Sex Panic!"
1700:McFarlane, Roger, "Painful Truths",
1251:Andriote, John-Manuel (June 1999).
1116:Murphy, Timothy F. (3 April 2013).
309:. In 1989, he founded the magazine
2049:from the original on 5 April 2023.
758:, in part to rebut the book. In a
14:
1228:, April 1994, pp. 88-93, 130-137.
1070:Carmody, Deirdre (28 June 1991).
361:was published by Dutton in 1997.
1865:"NY Times on rise of unsafe sex"
1772:Berube definition of "sex panic"
1157:Gross, Jane (11 December 1993).
844:Sex Panic!'s critical stance on
687:Other gay writers disagreed. In
421:and other intestinal parasites,
315:and became its editor-in-chief.
1959:"Mercury News, Ocular Syphilis"
162:is a 1997 book by gay activist
2021:"New Scientist HIV resistance"
468:How to Have Sex in an Epidemic
174:despite the widespread use of
1:
1756:"Lingua Franca on Sex Panic!"
2142:History books about HIV/AIDS
2092:Review in the New York Times
1291:"AIDS in early 20th century"
1025:"Duberman review The Nation"
16:1997 book by Gabriel Rotello
1089:Curzan, Anne (8 May 2014).
852:, "The volleying [
720:Centers for Disease Control
333:During Rotello's tenure at
2168:
2117:American non-fiction books
1824:"Sex Panic! press release"
1403:Sexual ecology, pp. 75-85.
800:described a 1997 New York
681:Reports from the Holocaust
222:described it as " ... the
1897:"Unprotected sex on rise"
1194:10.1007/s10461-008-9509-7
1178:"Young gay men HIV study"
252:. And it is far better."
24:
2122:Books by Gabriel Rotello
2007:"Harvard HIV resistance"
1596:"Thomas Coates article"
943:The Trouble with Normal
647:Gay Menâs Health Crisis
486:, and substance abuse.
139:362.1/969792/0086642 21
2137:English-language books
2112:1997 non-fiction books
2107:1990s LGBTQ literature
1582:"New Scientist review"
1144:"Rotello and gay left"
977:"New Scientist review"
860:And The Band Played On
822:
810:
790:Michelangelo Signorile
778:
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685:
677:And the Band Played On
544:And the Band Played On
502:
493:
456:
444:
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291:Michelangelo Signorile
249:And the Band Played On
2127:Current affairs books
1564:"Sun Sentinel review"
1550:"Boston Globe review"
1072:"NY Times on OutWeek"
1011:"Boston Globe review"
818:
806:
774:
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665:
498:
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452:
439:
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2132:Dutton Penguin books
1883:"Rise in unsafe sex"
1570:on February 7, 2015.
792:, Larry Kramer, and
166:, who discusses why
1885:. 26 February 2013.
1640:"Hartford syllabus"
1608:Gladwell, Malcolm,
1310:, pp. 39-43, 49-50.
1057:"Jim Eigo critique"
935:Plagues and Peoples
911:Publishing Triangle
804:held by Sex Panic!:
750:The activist group
190:, gay history, and
21:
1995:. 15 January 2008.
1913:. 26 January 2006.
1869:The New York Times
1717:, May 1997, p. 62.
1704:, June 1997, p 60.
1685:"Harvard syllabus"
1254:Rotello and GALHPA
1163:The New York Times
1119:Rotello and outing
1092:Rotello on 'queer'
1076:The New York Times
996:The New York Times
938:by William McNeill
850:The New York Times
642:The Joy of Gay Sex
427:Epstein-Barr virus
317:The New York Times
213:The New York Times
151:RA644.A25 R68 1997
1978:Los Angeles Times
1944:Los Angeles Times
1610:The Tipping Point
1297:. 2 October 2014.
1241:, April 28, 1994.
991:"NY Times review"
946:by Michael Warner
889:risk compensation
711:The Village Voice
702:In a rebuttal to
693:Richard Goldstein
608:The Tipping Point
539:Publishers Weekly
476:Richard Berkowitz
470:", a pamphlet by
262:The Village Voice
155:
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82:Publication place
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1961:. 10 March 2015.
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1571:
1566:. Archived from
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1107:
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1079:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1043:"Schoofs review"
1039:
1033:
1032:
1027:. Archived from
1021:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1001:
1000:
987:
981:
980:
973:
967:
961:
902:The debate over
728:
724:
651:Lawrence D. Mass
613:Malcolm Gladwell
595:Thomas J. Coates
580:Scientific press
518:Mainstream press
355:New York Newsday
335:New York Newsday
327:New York Newsday
238:, gay historian
219:The Boston Globe
147:
121:
73:Publication date
29:
22:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2045:. 21 May 2014.
2037:
2036:
2032:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1981:. 4 April 2014.
1971:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1909:
1908:
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1795:
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1740:
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1726:
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1678:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1598:. 21 June 2002.
1594:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1524:. 21 June 2002.
1522:"Kirkus review"
1520:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
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1103:
1088:
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1055:
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1041:
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1036:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1004:
989:
988:
984:
975:
974:
970:
962:
958:
953:
925:
884:Sexual Ecology,
880:
794:Andrew Sullivan
766:Gregg Gonsalves
748:
726:
722:
625:
582:
520:
515:
435:cytomegalovirus
367:
303:
240:Martin Duberman
164:Gabriel Rotello
136:
90:Media type
74:
38:Gabriel Rotello
17:
12:
11:
5:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2086:External links
2084:
2081:
2080:
2066:
2052:
2030:
2012:
2009:. 15 May 2010.
1998:
1984:
1964:
1950:
1947:. 11 May 2006.
1930:
1927:. 9 June 2014.
1916:
1902:
1888:
1874:
1855:
1851:Sexual Ecology
1843:
1829:
1815:
1808:
1788:
1781:
1761:
1747:
1733:
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1706:
1693:
1676:
1659:
1645:
1631:
1614:
1601:
1587:
1573:
1555:
1541:
1536:"Salon review"
1527:
1513:
1511:, pp. 223-227.
1509:Sexual Ecology
1501:
1499:, pp. 185-189.
1497:Sexual Ecology
1489:
1485:Sexual Ecology
1477:
1473:Sexual Ecology
1465:
1463:, pp. 136-145.
1461:Sexual Ecology
1453:
1449:Sexual Ecology
1441:
1439:, pp. 127-129.
1437:Sexual Ecology
1429:
1425:Sexual Ecology
1417:
1413:Sexual Ecology
1405:
1396:
1392:Sexual Ecology
1384:
1380:Sexual Ecology
1372:
1368:Sexual Ecology
1360:
1356:Sexual Ecology
1348:
1344:Sexual Ecology
1336:
1332:Sexual Ecology
1324:
1320:Sexual Ecology
1312:
1308:Sexual Ecology
1300:
1282:
1278:Sexual Ecology
1270:
1263:
1243:
1230:
1217:
1168:
1149:
1135:
1128:
1108:
1101:
1081:
1062:
1048:
1034:
1031:on 2015-03-29.
1016:
1002:
982:
968:
964:Sexual Ecology
955:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
939:
931:
924:
921:
917:Sexual Ecology
904:Sexual Ecology
897:Sexual Ecology
879:
876:
867:Sexual Ecology
846:Sexual Ecology
837:of New York's
835:gentrification
831:Sexual Ecology
826:Sexual Ecology
786:Sexual Ecology
770:Michael Warner
756:Sexual Ecology
747:
744:
735:Sexual Ecology
704:Sexual Ecology
697:Sexual Ecology
673:Sexual Ecology
668:Sexual Ecology
655:Sexual Ecology
637:Sexual Ecology
624:
621:
617:Sexual Ecology
603:Sexual Ecology
585:Sexual Ecology
581:
578:
573:Sexual Ecology
558:Sexual Ecology
554:Sexual Ecology
534:Sexual Ecology
529:Kirkus Reviews
524:starred review
519:
516:
514:
511:
472:Michael Callen
403:gay bathhouses
366:
363:
359:Sexual Ecology
348:Sexual Ecology
302:
299:
287:Sexual Ecology
271:Sexual Ecology
244:Sexual Ecology
230:LGBT community
202:Sexual Ecology
153:
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2031:
2026:
2025:New Scientist
2022:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1951:
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1934:
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1816:
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1809:9781135900434
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1782:9781135900434
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1538:. 2 May 1997.
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1427:, pp. 124-127
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1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:(4): 615â29.
1187:
1183:
1179:
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1169:
1164:
1160:
1159:"Second wave"
1153:
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1139:
1136:
1131:
1129:9781136587535
1125:
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795:
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761:Lingua Franca
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461:Paul W. Ewald
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383:
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225:Silent Spring
221:
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214:
209:
208:
207:New Scientist
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
182:, drawing on
181:
180:AIDS epidemic
177:
173:
169:
165:
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150:
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146:LC Class
142:
138:
135:
134:Dewey Decimal
130:
127:
124:
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116:
113:
112:0-525-94164-9
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:United States
84:
80:
76:
70:
67:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
23:
2069:
2055:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2001:
1987:
1976:
1967:
1953:
1942:
1933:
1919:
1905:
1891:
1877:
1868:
1858:
1850:
1846:
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1709:
1701:
1696:
1679:
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1648:
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1590:
1576:
1568:the original
1558:
1544:
1530:
1516:
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1492:
1484:
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1460:
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1412:
1408:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1346:, pp. 47-49.
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1322:, pp. 44-45.
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1220:
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1171:
1162:
1152:
1138:
1118:
1111:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1065:
1051:
1037:
1029:the original
1019:
1005:
994:
985:
971:
963:
959:
941:
933:
929:Randy Shilts
916:
908:
903:
901:
896:
893:
883:
881:
868:
865:critique of
864:
859:
853:
849:
845:
843:
839:Times Square
830:
825:
823:
819:
813:
811:
807:
797:
785:
782:Allan Bérubé
779:
775:
759:
755:
749:
738:
734:
732:
715:Mark Schoofs
710:
708:
703:
701:
696:
688:
686:
680:
676:
672:
667:
666:
658:
654:
640:
636:
633:Larry Kramer
626:
616:
606:
602:
588:
584:
583:
572:
568:Sun Sentinel
566:
562:Boston Globe
561:
557:
553:
547:
543:
537:
533:
527:
521:
507:Gay marriage
503:
499:
494:
489:
480:
465:
457:
453:
445:
440:
399:
396:
391:
382:World War II
379:
368:
358:
354:
352:
347:
341:
339:
334:
332:
325:
321:
316:
310:
304:
295:Larry Kramer
286:
275:Pat Buchanan
270:
267:Mark Schoofs
260:
254:
247:
243:
233:
223:
217:
211:
205:
201:
200:
196:
184:epidemiology
158:
157:
156:
1280:, pp. 8-10.
871:open letter
695:wrote that
649:co-founder
448:Hepatitis B
279:Jesse Helms
2101:Categories
2043:Gallup.com
1623:"syllabus"
1182:AIDS Behav
951:References
752:Sex Panic!
746:Sex Panic!
691:magazine,
301:Background
283:Sex Panic!
235:The Nation
1853:, p. 276.
1612:, p. 261.
1451:, p. 135.
966:, p. 206.
623:Gay press
549:Salon.com
513:Reception
431:chlamydia
425:A and B,
423:hepatitis
411:gonorrhea
188:sociology
99:paperback
95:Hardcover
62:Publisher
2047:Archived
1487:, p 183.
1475:, p 147.
1415:, p.100.
1358:, p. 62.
1295:BBC News
1212:19205867
923:See also
869:with an
802:teach-in
631:founder
407:syphilis
257:etiology
126:35961466
56:HIV/AIDS
44:Language
1394:, p 73.
1382:, p 73.
1370:, p 70.
1334:, p 45.
1203:3738434
739:Ecology
653:called
635:called
571:called
552:called
532:called
419:giardia
380:Before
365:Summary
322:OutWeek
312:OutWeek
269:called
242:called
192:ecology
176:condoms
172:gay men
93:Print (
52:Subject
47:English
1806:
1779:
1261:
1210:
1200:
1126:
1099:
878:Legacy
629:ACT UP
484:closet
433:, and
415:herpes
371:Africa
307:ACT UP
232:. For
66:Dutton
34:Author
1688:(PDF)
1671:(PDF)
1626:(PDF)
723:'
522:In a
375:Haiti
1804:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1208:PMID
1124:ISBN
1097:ISBN
909:The
768:and
679:and
599:UCSF
474:and
277:and
120:OCLC
107:ISBN
97:and
77:1997
1715:Out
1702:POZ
1226:Out
1198:PMC
1190:doi
855:sic
812:In
709:In
689:Out
660:POZ
546:."
343:Out
168:HIV
2103::
2041:.
2023:.
1975:.
1941:.
1867:.
1802:.
1775:.
1293:.
1257:.
1206:.
1196:.
1186:13
1184:.
1180:.
1161:.
1122:.
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1074:.
993:.
841:.
713:,
611:,
526:,
437:.
429:,
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350:.
293:,
265:,
186:,
2077:.
2063:.
2027:.
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1871:.
1840:.
1826:.
1812:.
1785:.
1758:.
1744:.
1730:.
1690:.
1673:.
1656:.
1642:.
1628:.
1584:.
1552:.
1267:.
1214:.
1192::
1165:.
1146:.
1132:.
1105:.
1078:.
1059:.
1045:.
1013:.
999:.
979:.
913:,
727:'
663:,
101:)
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