326:, of his polity's continued cooperation and friendship. He also reorganized much of the administrative organs of the kingdom to better fit Chinese models. The people of Chūzan also quickly adopted many elements of Chinese culture, and came to be recognized as "civilized", at least somewhat more so than earlier, by the Chinese. Hashi also oversaw the expansion and embellishment of
386:
442:
Through this trade, friendly diplomatic relations, and the overall organization and unity created by Shō Hashi, Ryūkyū absorbed much of the foreign influences that would come to define its culture. Some examples include the
Chinese ceremonial robes worn by kings and high officials when meeting with
438:
at the time, to resolve trade issues. Recognizing the importance of trade to Ryūkyū's continued prosperity, Shō Hashi promoted it strongly, and even ordered a bell cast and installed at Shuri Castle, upon which was inscribed "Ships are means of communication with all nations; the country is full of
429:
were made to owe their allegiance to his royal government at Shuri, rather than becoming lordless rebels or the like upon the defeat and absorption of their kingdom. Hashi also oversaw a significant expansion of trade, particularly with China, and organized envoys to other Asian countries as well.
353:
in a swift series of attacks. The chief of
Hokuzan, along with his closest retainers, committed suicide after a fierce resistance. A year after his father's death in 1421, Hashi requested official recognition and investiture from the Chinese imperial court, and received it in due course. It may be
302:) of Sashiki Magiri, he was seen as an able, well-liked administrator within his own lands who rose in prominence at the opening of the 15th century. He led a small rebellion against the lord of Azato district in 1402, however some historians believe it was against the neighboring
424:
in turn owed taxes and services to the head of their polity (hypothetically a chief, but called a prince in many
English-language texts on the subject). Shō Hashi did not effect drastic dramatic changes upon this system, but reinforced it as part of his unification efforts;
450:
Shō Hashi died in 1439, at the age of sixty-eight, having united Ryūkyū and established its place as a small, but recognized, power in the region. Upon his death, the court appointed his second son,
507:
563:
Sources appear to differ somewhat on the dates involved here, which range from 1404 to 1407. Kerr gives 1407, while
Frederic gives 1404, Smits cites 1405, and the
341:, the neighboring polity to the north, held no advantages over Chūzan economically or in terms of political influence, Hashi viewed their capital city castle of
382:
inscribed upon it. This Chūzan tablet was then placed on display on the Chūzan gate in front of Shuri Castle, where it remained until the early 20th century.
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interesting to note that, despite the nominal independence of Ryūkyū into the 19th century, this practice would continue. In 1428, the
1050:
669:
1055:
737:
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Thus, succeeding his father as chief of Chūzan in 1422, and appointing his younger brother Warden of
Hokuzan, he seized
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492:
Shō Hashi is referenced by character Chōzen
Toguchi in Netflix’s Cobra Kai Season 5 Episode 9 “Survivors” (2022).
77:
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on the throne. Even with his father as chief, however, Hashi held true political power, and organized envoys to
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619:
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In 2020, Ryukyu
Broadcasting Corp aired a three-episode "history drama" about Shō Hashi's rise to power.
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827:
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Chūzan gate at Shuri Castle. Displays the "Chūzan" tablet given to Shō Hashi by the Xuande
Emperor.
104:
454:, his successor, and sent emissaries to the Chinese court to ask for investiture, to the Japanese
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447:, and the fusion of native, Japanese, Chinese, and Southeast Asian elements of music and dance.
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as a threat militarily. When that opportunity presented itself in 1419, after three
Hokuzan
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Chinese officials, the
Japanese-inspired custom of aristocratic members of society wearing
311:
802:
761:
911:
873:
405:. Thus uniting the island of Okinawa, he founded the Ryūkyū Kingdom and the Shō dynasty.
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Okinawa Information.com. "King Sho Hashi - Dynamic Ryuku". Accessed 13 April 2021.
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In Karate Kid 2, the pivotal scene occurs in a castle attributed to King Sho Hashi.
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Visions of Ryukyu: Identity and Ideology in Early-Modern Thought and Politics.
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349:(local lords) turned to his side, Hashi led his father's army, and conquered
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Okinawa, the History of an Island People: The History of an Island People.
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and to the courts of a number of other kingdoms, as diplomatic missions.
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Ryukyu Broadcasting Corp. "琉球歴史ドラマ 尚巴志（再放送）". Accessed 13 April 2021.
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370:, King of Ryūkyū), and sent Hashi's emissary back with a ceremonial
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Up to this point, the three polities had operated on a very simple
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http://okinawa-information.com/blog/king-sho-hashi-dynamic-ryuku
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Documents survive today chronicling a number of missions to
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and performed various other labors and services to him; the
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in Japanese), registered a new title in their annals:
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21:
508:Imperial Chinese missions to the Ryukyu Kingdom
482:at the Redondo Beach Performing Arts Center in
642:Kerr, George H. and Mitsugu Sakihara. (2000).
605:https://www.rbc.co.jp/tv_program/shohashi2020/
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24:
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8:
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18:
579:Okinawa: the History of an Island People,
358:bestowed upon him the family name Shang (
310:of Chūzan in 1404 and placed his father
306:. Hashi then went on to overthrow chief
222:, uniting the three polities of Chūzan,
518:
439:rare products and precious treasures."
131:
7:
322:, to which the Ryūkyū polities were
87:June 1, 1439 (aged 67–68)
503:Foreign relations of Imperial China
14:
754:Ryūkyū Kingdom's King of Chūzan
476:King Sho Hashi - Dynamic Ryukyu
480:Okinawa Association of America
416:who paid taxes to their local
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565:Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten
670:University of Hawai'i Press
474:On 28 August 2009 the play
230:by conquest and ending the
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218:and the first king of the
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249:mother: daughter of Miiko
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626:Harvard University Press
618:Frédéric, Louis (2002).
576:Kerr, George H. (2000).
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528:琉球王国の陵墓制―中山王陵の構造的特質と思想 ―
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662:Smits, Gregory (1999).
567:gives 1406 as the date.
484:Los Angeles, California
390:
212:, 1372 – June 1, 1439)
412:model. Peasants were
401:, in 1429, from Lord
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378:tablet with the word
252:Wife: Inami Machirugi
214:was the last King of
621:Japan Encyclopedia.
414:subsistence farmers
899:Second Shō dynasty
478:was hosted by the
466:In popular culture
391:
337:Meanwhile, though
196:daughter of Misato
16:1st King of Ryūkyū
1056:First Shō dynasty
1028:
1027:
851:First Shō dynasty
721:
720:
712:Succeeded by
678:978-0-8248-2037-4
658:978-0-8048-2087-5
650:Tuttle Publishing
634:978-0-674-01753-5
434:, the capital of
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177:First Shō dynasty
160:Sejitaka-mamono (
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695:Preceded by
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547:琉球国王の神号と『おもろさうし』
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26:尚巴志 shoo hashii
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690:Regnal titles
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682:OCLC 39633631
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638:OCLC 48943301
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397:, capital of
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395:Nanzan Castle
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874:Shō Shitatsu
863:
790:Eiso dynasty
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363:
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346:
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328:Shuri Castle
318:, to assure
304:Ōzato Castle
297:
295:
269:Seiji Yasuji
266:Sho Nankijin
202:
201:
1046:1439 deaths
1041:1371 births
879:Shō Kinpuku
775:Shunbajunki
624:Cambridge:
372:dragon robe
366:(琉球王, Jap:
364:Liuqiu Wang
324:tributaries
273:Sho Kinpuku
156:Divine name
140:Shō Hashi (
114:, moved to
108: [
48:Predecessor
43:1422 – 1439
1035:Categories
952:Shō Shitsu
884:Shō Taikyū
859:Shō Shishō
813:Tamagusuku
709:1422–1439
668:Honolulu:
613:References
445:two swords
312:Shō Shishō
281:Sho Taikyu
255:Children:
912:Shō Sen'i
864:Shō Hashi
432:Ayutthaya
296:As lord (
292:Biography
203:Shō Hashi
126:Machirugi
58:Successor
22:Shō Hashi
972:Shō Boku
917:Shō Shin
889:Shō Toku
497:See also
374:, and a
368:Ryūkyū-Ō
277:Sho Furi
243:Father:
997:Shō Tai
992:Shō Iku
982:Shō Sei
967:Shō Kei
962:Shō Eki
957:Shō Tei
947:Shō Ken
937:Shō Nei
927:Shō Gen
922:Shō Sei
869:Shō Chū
770:Shunten
715:Shō Chū
648:Tokyo:
452:Shō Chū
403:Taromai
376:lacquer
351:Nakijin
339:Hokuzan
316:Nanking
262:Shō Chū
224:Hokuzan
116:Yomitan
62:Shō Chū
987:Shō Kō
977:Shō On
942:Shō Hō
932:Shō Ei
907:Shō En
803:Taisei
698:Shishō
676:
656:
632:
581:p. 90.
456:Shōgun
410:feudal
399:Nanzan
380:Chūzan
245:Shishō
238:Family
228:Nanzan
226:, and
216:Chūzan
193:Mother
187:Shishō
183:Father
123:Spouse
100:Burial
52:Shishō
841:Bunei
836:Satto
780:Gihon
551:(PDF)
532:(PDF)
514:Notes
460:Kyoto
332:Shuri
320:China
308:Bunei
172:House
163:勢治高真物
135:Names
112:]
90:Shuri
40:Reign
818:Seii
808:Eiji
798:Eiso
674:ISBN
654:ISBN
630:ISBN
436:Siam
84:Died
75:1372
72:Born
458:in
427:aji
422:aji
418:aji
360:Shō
347:aji
299:aji
209:尚巴志
143:尚巴志
1037::
680:;
672:.
652:.
636:;
628:.
334:.
234:.
110:ja
92:,
746:e
739:t
732:v
486:.
206:(
166:)
146:)
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