338:
33:
465:
324:
210:
for behaviors that the individual believes to be undesirable. A prominent feature of guilt societies is the provision of sanctioned releases from guilt for certain behaviors, whether before or after the fact. There is opportunity in such cases for authority figures to derive power, money, or other
225:
within us, when we violate our conscience. A person may suffer from guilt although no one else knows of his or her misdeed; this feeling of guilt is relieved by confessing the misdeed and making restitution. True guilt cultures rely on an internalized conviction of sin as the enforcer of good
278:
Lead the people with law and organize them with punishments, and they will avoid the punishments but will be without a sense of shame. Lead them with virtue and organize them with ritual, and in addition to developing a sense of shame, they will bring order to
226:
behavior, not, as shame cultures do, on external sanctions. Guilt cultures emphasize punishment and forgiveness as ways of restoring the moral order; shame cultures stress self-denial and humility as ways of restoring the social order. (Hiebert 1985, 213)
98:, has been used to categorize different cultures. The differences can apply to how behavior is governed with respect to government laws, business rules, or social etiquette. This classification has been applied especially to what anthropologist
126:) for certain condemned behaviors. The guilt worldview focuses on law and punishment. A person in this type of culture may ask, "Is my behavior fair or unfair?" This type of culture also emphasizes individual
153:. A person in this type of culture may ask, "Shall I look ashamed if I do X?" or "How will people look at me if I do Y?" Shame cultures are typically based on the concepts of
47:
613:
Bedford, Olwen (2004). "Source:2014 Journal
Citation Reports® (Thomson Reuters, 2015) The Individual Experience of Guilt and Shame in Chinese Culture".
375:
824:
795:
776:
168:
of retribution. The fear worldview focuses on physical dominance. A person in this culture may ask, "Will someone hurt me if I do this?"
504:
710:
178:
829:
814:
106:" societies, sorting them according to the emotions they use to control individuals (especially children) and maintaining
720:
690:
395:
214:
844:
834:
365:
839:
482:
475:
103:
544:
559:
676:
M. Nydell, Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times, 4th Ed., (Boston: Intercultural Press, 2006), 3
71:
385:
753:
630:
114:
In a guilt society, control is maintained by creating and continually reinforcing the feeling of
791:
772:
329:
574:
745:
622:
187:
183:
146:
207:
115:
95:
587:
Ezra F. Vogel, Foreword, The
Chrysanthemum and the Sword (Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1989)
46:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
819:
486:
370:
343:
199:
667:"Rromanipen (Rromani Dharma) and the Family Mystics" (2001, Salvaţi copiii, Bucharest)
808:
660:
634:
426:
415:
405:
359:
289:
173:
99:
420:
410:
293:
261:
107:
532:
Counseling Cross-Culturally: An
Introduction to Theory and Practice for Christians
732:
Shannon, Christopher (1995). "A World Made Safe for
Differences: Ruth Benedict's
260:
In China, the concept of shame (trad. 恥 , pinyin: chǐ) is widely accepted due to
211:
advantages by manipulating the conditions of guilt and the forgiveness of guilt.
481:
The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
203:
138:
17:
337:
319:
127:
119:
626:
312:
Arab culture places high value on a person's dignity, honor, and reputation.
546:
Jews, Myth and
History: A Critical Exploration of Contemporary Jewish Belief
352:
271:
123:
437:
32:
266:
222:
221:
Guilt is a feeling that arises when we violate the absolute standards of
757:
448:
442:
150:
249:
245:
241:
149:. The shame–honor worldview seeks an "honor balance" and can lead to
766:
749:
432:
158:
154:
142:
400:
390:
380:
165:
458:
26:
445:
dynamics, related to honor (shame) societies and blood feuds.
252:, are characterized as having a strong shame culture.
599:
Ying and Wong. "Cultural Models of Shame and Guilt".
771:. World of Theology Series. Vol. 6. VKW: Bonn.
110:, swaying them into norm obedience and conformity.
665:Rromanipen-ul (rromani dharma) şi mistica familiei
240:In the opposite of the majority of countries in
292:, though living as local minorities in mostly
161:. Often actions are all that count and matter.
300:("shame") is important, while the concept of
8:
534:, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2002, p. 212.
198:In a guilt society, the primary method of
164:In a fear society, control is kept by the
725:Anthropological Insights for Missionaries
695:Anthropological Insights for Missionaries
505:Learn how and when to remove this message
376:Culture of honor (Southern United States)
304:("sin") does not have such significance.
217:characterizes guilt society as follows:
133:In a shame society (sometimes called an
697:, Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1985.
523:
647:子曰：「道之以政，齊之以刑，民免而無恥；道之以德，齊之以禮，有恥且格。」(
7:
595:
593:
67:Main emotion used for social control
768:Culture of Shame / Culture of Guilt
172:The terminology was popularized by
25:
727:. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House.
558:De Mente, Boye Lafayette (1996)
463:
336:
322:
145:and the complementary threat of
31:
734:The Chrysanthemum and the Sword
712:The Chrysanthemum and the Sword
561:There's a Word for It in Mexico
264:teachings. In Chapter 2 of the
179:The Chrysanthemum and the Sword
137:), the means of control is the
825:Control (social and political)
1:
765:Schirrmacher, Thomas (2013).
74:, the distinction between a
396:Face (sociological concept)
44:about fear based societies.
861:
296:countries, the concept of
573:Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (1983)
186:as a "guilt culture" and
627:10.1177/1354067X04040929
615:Culture & Psychology
118:(and the expectation of
709:Benedict, Ruth (1946).
786:Wiher, Hannes (2003).
530:David J. Hesselgrave,
281:
228:
190:as a "shame culture".
42:is missing information
830:Cultural anthropology
815:Sociological theories
276:
274:is quoted as saying:
219:
72:cultural anthropology
601:Cultural Influences
576:The Justice of Zeus
386:Emotional blackmail
248:region, especially
244:, countries in the
135:honor–shame culture
738:American Quarterly
845:Culture of Serbia
797:978-3-932829-65-9
778:978-3-86269-044-2
515:
514:
507:
330:Psychology portal
65:
64:
16:(Redirected from
852:
835:Culture of Japan
801:
782:
761:
728:
721:Hiebert, Paul G.
716:
691:Hiebert, Paul G.
677:
674:
668:
658:
652:
645:
639:
638:
610:
604:
597:
588:
585:
579:
571:
565:
556:
550:
541:
535:
528:
510:
503:
499:
496:
490:
467:
466:
459:
346:
341:
340:
332:
327:
326:
325:
188:Japanese culture
184:American culture
182:, who described
151:revenge dynamics
60:
57:
51:
35:
27:
21:
860:
859:
855:
854:
853:
851:
850:
849:
840:Chinese culture
805:
804:
798:
788:Shame and Guilt
785:
779:
764:
750:10.2307/2713370
731:
719:
708:
705:
703:Further reading
700:
686:
681:
680:
675:
671:
659:
655:
646:
642:
612:
611:
607:
598:
591:
586:
582:
572:
568:
557:
553:
542:
538:
529:
525:
520:
511:
500:
494:
491:
480:
474:has an unclear
468:
464:
457:
342:
335:
328:
323:
321:
318:
310:
286:
258:
238:
233:
206:of feelings of
196:
194:Guilt societies
96:culture of fear
68:
61:
55:
52:
45:
36:
23:
22:
18:Shame societies
15:
12:
11:
5:
858:
856:
848:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
807:
806:
803:
802:
796:
783:
777:
762:
744:(4): 659–680.
729:
717:
704:
701:
699:
698:
687:
685:
682:
679:
678:
669:
653:
640:
605:
589:
580:
566:
551:
536:
522:
521:
519:
516:
513:
512:
476:citation style
471:
469:
462:
456:
453:
452:
451:
446:
440:
435:
430:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
371:Catholic guilt
368:
363:
356:
348:
347:
344:Society portal
333:
317:
314:
309:
306:
285:
282:
257:
254:
237:
234:
232:
229:
200:social control
195:
192:
170:
169:
162:
131:
122:now or in the
66:
63:
62:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
857:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
810:
799:
793:
790:. VKW: Bonn.
789:
784:
780:
774:
770:
769:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:
707:
706:
702:
696:
692:
689:
688:
683:
673:
670:
666:
662:
661:Delia Grigore
657:
654:
650:
644:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
609:
606:
602:
596:
594:
590:
584:
581:
578:
577:
570:
567:
563:
562:
555:
552:
548:
547:
543:Silver, Alan
540:
537:
533:
527:
524:
517:
509:
506:
498:
488:
484:
478:
477:
472:This article
470:
461:
460:
454:
450:
447:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:Izzat (honor)
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:Honor killing
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:
360:The Arab Mind
357:
355:
354:
350:
349:
345:
339:
334:
331:
320:
315:
313:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
283:
280:
275:
273:
269:
268:
263:
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
235:
231:Shame culture
230:
227:
224:
218:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
193:
191:
189:
185:
181:
180:
175:
174:Ruth Benedict
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:
111:
109:
105:
101:
100:Ruth Benedict
97:
93:
89:
88:shame culture
85:
84:shame society
81:
80:guilt culture
77:
76:guilt society
73:
59:
49:
43:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
787:
767:
741:
737:
733:
724:
711:
694:
672:
664:
656:
648:
643:
621:(1): 29–52.
618:
614:
608:
600:
583:
575:
569:
560:
554:
545:
539:
531:
526:
501:
492:
473:
425:
421:Krvna osveta
411:Hubris (law)
358:
351:
311:
308:Arab culture
301:
297:
287:
277:
265:
259:
239:
220:
215:Paul Hiebert
213:
197:
177:
171:
134:
108:social order
92:fear society
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
69:
56:January 2023
53:
41:
366:Blood money
279:themselves.
204:inculcation
139:inculcation
809:Categories
487:footnoting
455:References
128:conscience
120:punishment
104:apollonian
635:143436969
564:pp. 79–80
518:Citations
495:June 2018
353:Asabiyyah
294:Christian
272:Confucius
262:Confucian
147:ostracism
124:afterlife
48:talk page
723:(1985).
649:Analects
483:citation
316:See also
267:Analects
223:morality
102:called "
90:, and a
758:2713370
449:Seppuku
443:Revenge
288:To the
236:Balkans
202:is the
794:
775:
756:
633:
284:Romani
250:Serbia
246:Balkan
242:Europe
820:Guilt
754:JSTOR
684:Notes
631:S2CID
549:p.161
433:Namus
427:Lajja
302:bezax
298:lajav
256:China
208:guilt
159:honor
155:pride
143:shame
116:guilt
792:ISBN
773:ISBN
651:2:3)
485:and
401:Feud
391:Ergi
381:Duel
290:Roma
166:fear
157:and
746:doi
736:".
623:doi
438:Nīþ
176:in
141:of
94:or
86:or
78:or
70:In
811::
752:.
742:47
740:.
693:,
663:,
629:.
619:10
617:.
592:^
270:,
82:,
800:.
781:.
760:.
748::
715:.
637:.
625::
603:.
508:)
502:(
497:)
493:(
489:.
479:.
130:.
58:)
54:(
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
