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is moving at present. He save a pigeon from a falcon by sacrificing his own flesh of equal weight as the dove. The dove, was deity named Sarupa who increase weight supernaturally but King
Megharath remained steadfast on promise to protect him. The scenes from Megharath's life are popular in
2227:. The yoga pose is very common in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. Each tradition has had a distinctive auspicious chest mark that allows devotees to identify a meditating statue as a symbolic icon for their theology. There are several
1528:
First, Lord Śhāntinātha Jina, for a long period of time, wielded supremacy as a king and provided protection to his subject from enemies; later on, on his own, became an ascetic and, as the embodiment of benevolence, pacified evil
1692:
1862:
1544:
1247:
King
Srisena was a kind hearted King well-versed in proper conduct and fulfilled the wishes of the petitioners. He had two wives, Abhinanditā and Śikhinanditā. Abhinanditā is described as the mother of his two sons Induṣeṇa and
1878:
1085:) and married a beautiful princess Yaśomatī. Jain texts portray Shantinatha as tall; his height was given as 120 feet (37 m). He ruled his kingdom for 50,000 years. During his rule, armoury was blessed with divine
1946:, Shantinatha is one of the five Tirthankaras who attract the most devotional worship among the Jains. Various Jain temple complexes across India feature him, and these are important pilgrimage sites in Jainism.
1139:
Shantinatha, when made aware of his previous incarnations, renounced his worldly life and became a Jain ascetic. According to Jain texts, Shantinatha neither slept nor ate during his penance and meditated under
1124:
1813:
1707:
1560:, by Acharya Ajitprabhasuri in 14th century, describes the life of the 16th Jain Tirthankara Shantinatha. This text is the oldest example of miniature painting and has been declared as a global treasure by
4044:
1897:
1108:
broke out and he helped to control it. Shantinath became the idea of peace and tranquillity by averting epidemics, fire, famine, foreign invasions, robbers, etc., giving him the name of
1263:
Amitateja, prince of
Arkakirti is described as a very responsible person, who never neglected his duties as King. He became a Jain ascetic under the influence of Acharya Abhinandana.
1364:Śhāntinātha being an idea of peace and tranquillity, it is believed that chanting the name Śhāntinātha averts calamities and epidemics and bestows welfare to worshippers. In the
1832:
1794:
3782:
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2061:
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Vajrāyudha Chakri, the son of
Tirthankar Kshemanakar in East Mahvideha. Vajrāyudha was named so as his mother, Lakṣmīvatī's, dreamed of a thunderbolt as one of the
1683:
69:
2126:
1662:
967:Śhāntinātha is believed to be an idea of peace and tranquillity, hence prayed to avert calamities and epidemics and bestows welfare to worshippers and hymns to
944:, Shantinatha is one of the five Tirthankaras who attract the most devotional worship among the Jains. His icons include the eponymous deer as his emblem, the
1089:. During his reign he conquered all six divisions of the earth in all directions, acquiring elephants, horses, nine-fold most precious treasures and fourteen
1368:
tradition, Nirvāṉi, the yakshi of Śhāntinātha, is also associated with
Shantinatha as Śhānti-devī in prayers for peace. During the last rites, recitation of
1726:
In 2016, the tallest statue of
Shantinatha, with a height of 54 feet (16 m), was erected in Ajmer. The 32-foot (9.8 m) statue of Shantinath at
2107:
1386:
is a special prayer for universal peace and the welfare of all living beings. During the prayer, offerings are made 27 or 108 times to
Shantinatha. The
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He is said to have lived 1 lakh (100,000) years and spent many years spreading his knowledge. On the 13th day of the dark half of the month
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1626:
Shantinatha is usually depicted in a sitting or standing meditative posture with the symbol of a deer or antelope beneath him. Every
1429:
in the third century, mere recitation of
Shantinatha's name negates all bad omens, brings peace and protects devotees from problems.
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3997:
3862:
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3739:
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After renunciation, the legends state that he travelled without food and sleep and after sixteen years received his first
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4144:
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1978:
1903:
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Some texts refer to the place as Mount
Sammeta. This place is revered in Jainism because 20 out of 24 Jinas died here.
5309:
5268:
3854:
2156:
46:
1061:, epidemics, evils and misery were destroyed when Shantinatha was in his mother's womb. According to Jain tradition,
630:
5128:
4495:
4027:
3707:
1990:
1920:
1950:, for example, is a hilly part of Uttar Pradesh, which is believed to have been a place of Shantinath, along with
5223:
4597:
1506:
548:
520:
4577:
1022:
349:
5162:
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1746:
has a 30-foot (9.1 m) image carved in 11th century CE. The 22.5-foot (6.9 m) statue of
Shantinath at
1713:
763:
2175:
Heinrich Zimmer: "The cycle of time continually revolves, according to the Jainas. The present "descending" (
1242:
King Megharath, one of the Shantinatha previous incarnation, saving pigeons life by sacrificing his own limbs
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886:. He ascended to the throne when he was 25 years old. After over 25,000 years on the throne, he became a
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870:. His birth date is the thirteenth day of the Jyest Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He was also a
807:
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5203:
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2018:
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found in ancient and medieval Jain artworks, and these are not found on Buddhist or Hindu art works.
59:
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1970:
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1488:(a ritual that consists of a series of hymns in obeisance to a Tirthankara), lay-followers of the
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has a distinguishing emblem that allows worshippers to distinguish similar-looking idols of the
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describes the previous births as well as the final birth of Shantinatha in detail as per the
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Miniature painting of Shantinatha surrounded by ascetics, devotees and animals, 18th century
1192:
1188:
1184:
1017:
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914:
909:
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863:
862:). According to traditional accounts, he was born to King Vishvasena and Queen Aćira of the
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4421:
4282:
3876:
3872:
3678:
3485:
Singing to the Jinas: Jain Laywomen, Mandal Singing, and the Negotiations of Jain Devotion
3321:
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According to Jain texts, Cakrayudha Svami was the leader of the Shantinatha disciples.
1257:
1004:
986:
637:
623:
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609:
588:
453:
413:
399:
339:
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3161:
Living Landscapes: Meditations on the Five Elements in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Yogas
1356:
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2014:
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1141:
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581:
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140:
1638:. The deer or antelope emblem of Shantinath is usually carved below the legs of the
5382:
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4980:
4891:
4886:
4873:
4823:
4790:
4753:
4456:
4446:
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4207:
3257:
3230:
3182:
2417:
2133:
2022:
1939:
1772:
has 17.5-foot (5.3 m) colossi dated 922 CE. The 15-foot (4.6 m) image at
1500:
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488:
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244:
150:
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3441:
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3353:
3315:
3288:
3261:
3234:
3213:
3186:
1390:, compiled by Manadeva suri in the 7th century, is a hymn to Shantinatha full of
1144:. After his sixteen years of asceticism, on the ninth bright day of the month of
5411:
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4853:
4684:
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4614:
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4401:
4257:
4242:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4202:
4187:
4182:
4153:
3803:
3632:
Religious Beliefs and Practices of North India during the Early Mediaeval Period
3419:
Acarya Samantabhadra's Svayambhustotra: Adoration of The Twenty-four Tirthankara
2511:
Art and Culture & Raja Dharma Mitra offering food to Tirthankara Shantinatha
1573:
1497:
1462:
1446:
1402:. According to Jinaprabha Suri, the temples dedicated to Shantinatha existed in
1252:
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1058:
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530:
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394:
334:
100:
90:
42:
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5015:
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4721:
4582:
4502:
4328:
4252:
4167:
3684:
Kalyana Mitra: A treasure house of history, culture and archaeological studies
3636:
3538:, A history of Indian literature: Classical Sanskrit literature, vol. 1,
2559:
2118:
1986:
1955:
1824:
1781:
1731:
1465:
1403:
1034:
867:
857:
680:
675:
525:
515:
510:
418:
344:
166:
3341:(1964), Max Muller (The Sacred Books of the East Series, Volume XXII) (ed.),
2585:
5357:
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4944:
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4636:
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4311:
4267:
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3890:
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3447:
3138:
2034:
1963:
1935:
1652:
1611:
1589:
1569:
1219:
1200:
933:
753:
743:
718:
553:
505:
178:
3918:"Women Donors Of Karnataka (9 -13 Century Ad) - Issues Of Gender And Faith"
1238:
4562:
1053:
tradition and sixteen according to the Digambara tradition). According to
17:
5431:
5426:
4939:
4913:
4646:
4301:
4277:
4247:
1951:
1943:
1889:
1839:
1761:
1743:
1602:
composed by Acharya Nandisenasuri, a seventh century Jain monk, a famous
1324:
1318:
King Megharath, the son of Dhanarath in East Mahavideh in the area where
1105:
1042:
941:
881:
493:
114:
50:
3937:
1112:. He is also associated with special right to ward of diseases known as
4780:
4556:
4551:
4522:
4385:
3917:
1974:
1411:
851:
236:
80:
4381:
4349:
3984:"1,000-year-old Aggalayya Gutta in Warangal to open for tourists soon"
1916:
5436:
4934:
4674:
4541:
4507:
4140:
3961:
3886:
3468:
Shantinathacaritra (Book 5 of the Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra)
3290:
A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular
2085:
2026:
1967:
1561:
1517:
1391:
1223:
1214:
1208:
1147:
1038:
961:
954:
950:
918:
665:
389:
324:
3850:
Learning to Live Well Together: Case Studies in Interfaith Diversity
1592:, is considered to be one of the three gems of Kannada literature.
5071:
5048:
4517:
4333:
1915:
1769:
1543:
1407:
1355:
1302:
1283:
1275:
1237:
1123:
1062:
1015:-maker, saviour or spiritual teacher) signifies the founding of a
384:
4096:
3954:
INTERNATIONAL MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER - Shāntinātha Charitra
3562:, Palgrave Studies in the Future of Humanity and its Successors,
3833:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House (Reprinted 1999),
110:
4353:
4100:
3188:
Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History
1606:
hymn, has alternate verses praising Ajitnatha and Shantinatha.
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2179:) period was preceded and will be followed by an "ascending" (
1045:
clan. Before the birth of Shantinatha, Queen Aćira dreamt the
27:
16th Tirthankara in Jainism in current cycle of Jain cosmology
1838:
30-foot (9.1 m) rock carved image at Aggalayya Gutta in
1453:, Neminatha, Mahavira, Parshvanatha and Rishabhanatha. Other
4085:"Raja Dharma Mitra offering food to Tirthankara Shantinatha"
3263:
The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
3236:
The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
1756:
enshrines a 22-foot (6.7 m) idol installed in 1180 CE.
1472:(a hymn dedicated to Shantinatha that is recited during the
1445:
is a collection of hymn dedicated to Shantinatha along with
1273:
Aparajit Baldeva in East Mahavideha (life span of 84,00,000
2790:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFShāntinātha_Charitra,_UNESCO (
2183:). Sarpini suggests the creeping movement of a "serpent" (
1218:
of Shantinatha are Kimpurusha and Mahamanasi according to
3347:, Motilal Banarsidass (Original: Oxford University Press)
3010:
2785:
2400:
2398:
2396:
3535:
A History of Classical Poetry: Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit
3443:
World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India
2986:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1568:
is a hymn in praise of Śāntinātha composed by Acharya
3559:
Transhumanism and the Body: The World Religions Speak
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2266:
2264:
1618:
was compiled by Munisundarasuri in the 15th century.
1614:
in the 13th—14th centuries, talks about Shantinatha.
993:
have appeared on earth; Shantinatha is the sixteenth
3399:
Acarya Pujyapada's Istopadesa – The Golden Discourse
5491:
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5338:
5277:
5241:
5171:
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5082:
5034:
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4922:
4872:
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4714:
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4392:
4292:
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210:
202:
185:
173:
161:
156:
146:
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128:
120:
106:
96:
86:
76:
34:
2546:
1033:He was born to King Vishvasena and Queen Aćira at
921:, a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its
3215:Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862-1884
1958:. Important Shantinatha temple complexes include
1457:hymns that are dedicated to Shantinatha are the
3608:History Of Ancient India From 4250 BC To 637 AD
1526:
1496:which is dedicated to Shantinatha and the 23rd
2308:"Tirthankara | Definition, Names, & Facts"
1684:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya
1169:
1167:he visited Somanasapur, and was offered first
1161:
1145:
1091:
1079:
902:
895:
879:
871:
855:
843:
70:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya
4365:
4112:
3635:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Vol. 3.
3379:Ahimsa—The Right Path Stories on Non-Violence
2387:
1461:(a hymn dedicated to Shantinatha and the 2nd
1330:Heavenly deva in Sarvartha Siddha Heaven (33
808:
8:
1437:as one of the four most beautifully written
3106:
3094:
3034:
2223:A special symbol that marks the chest of a
1077:Shantinatha spent 25,000 years as a youth (
5086:
4602:
4372:
4358:
4350:
4119:
4105:
4097:
3922:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
3046:
2840:
1309:and Vajrāyudha also became a Jain ascetic.
1175:(food) by King Dharma Mitra and his wife.
815:
801:
223:
58:
3661:Iconography of Religions: An Introduction
1312:Heavenly deva in Navgraivayak heaven (25
1128:Raja Dharma Mitra offering first meal to
3830:Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation
3783:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
2749:
1872:Shantinatha statue installed in 1180 CE.
1266:Heavenly deva in 10th heaven Pranat (20
3754:Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: (Jaina iconography)
3082:
2938:
2902:
2888:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCort2001 (
2857:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCort2001 (
2737:
2725:
2713:
2699:sfn error: no target: CITEREFCort2001 (
2418:"Shantinatha, Śāntinātha, Shanti-natha"
2368:
2248:
2187:); ava- means "down" and ut- means up."
2168:
2043:
1790:
1780:. The 12.5-foot (3.8 m) statue in
1658:
1097:(jewels). Shantinatha became the fifth
235:
3613:Atlantic Publishers & Distributors
3058:
2974:
2950:
2522:
2404:
2294:
2282:
2255:
221:
31:
3970:"Ajmer will have tallest Jain statue"
3757:, vol. 1, Abhinav Publications,
3687:. Vol. 5. Blue Rose Publishers.
3440:Javid, Ali; Javeed, Tabassum (2008).
3022:
2998:
2962:
2914:
2871:
2634:
2498:
2270:
1588:, written around the 10th century by
1421:compiled by Acharya Manadevasuri, an
1305:). His father, Kṣemaṅkara, became an
7:
3070:
3011:ASI & Shantinatha Basti, Halebid
2883:
2852:
2828:
2804:
2773:
2761:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2658:
2646:
2622:
2610:
2534:
2486:
2461:
2442:
2343:
2320:from the original on 15 October 2013
1764:houses a 18 feet (5.5 m) idol.
1520:(songs) adore Shantinatha. One such
1135:, 19th century (Digambara Tradition)
2816:
1548:Image of Shantinath on a leaf from
971:are recited during the last rites.
124:40 bows (120 metres) (393.701 feet)
68:idol of Tirthankara Shantinatha at
2205:1 sagars is several million years
1394:usage and identify Shantinatha as
1297:indicating that he would become a
25:
3847:Wilson, Tom; Ravat, Riaz (2017).
2068:Shantinatha Basadi, Jinanathapura
1999:Shantinatha Basadi, Jinanathapura
1819:32 feet (9.8 m) colossal at
1800:32 feet (9.8 m) colossal at
1699:Shantinatha Basadi, Jinanathapura
1578:Trishashti-Shalakapurush-Charitra
1195:, known contemporaneously as the
5542:
4380:
4023:Britannica Tirthankar Definition
3727:Jainism: The World of Conquerors
2560:"Sagara, Sāgara, Sāgāra, Sāgarā"
2125:
2106:
2092:
2074:
2060:
2046:
1896:
1877:
1861:
1846:
1831:
1812:
1793:
1706:
1691:
1676:
1661:
1152:(December–January), he achieved
1104:During his time, an epidemic of
782:
243:
3968:Tiwari, Raktim (16 June 2016).
3629:Mishra, Vibhuti Bushan (1973).
3317:Encyclopedia of World Religions
2011:Shantinath Jain temple, Kothara
1853:30 feet (9.1 m) statue at
5478:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
4077:Archaeological Survey of India
4002:Archaeological Survey of India
3556:Mercer, C.; Maher, D. (2014),
2033:and Shantinath Jain Temple in
1650:, Shantinath is depicted with
1572:in the fifth century. Acharya
1069:due to Jinas' love for peace.
1021:, a passage across the sea of
1:
2054:Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho
1977:, Bhopawar Śvetāmbara Tirth,
1788:, built in the 12th century.
1774:Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho
3998:"Shantinatha Basti, Halebid"
3771:Tandon, Om Prakash (2002) ,
3352:Jain, Kailash Chand (1991),
3166:State University of New York
2786:Shāntinātha Charitra, UNESCO
1979:Shantinatha temple, Halebidu
1904:Naugaza Digambar Jain temple
1766:Naugaza Digambar Jain temple
866:in the north Indian city of
4563:
3855:Jessica Kingsley Publishers
3355:Lord Mahāvīra and His Times
2987:The New Indian Express 2019
2214:1 Purva is 8,400,000 years
2157:Jainism and non-creationism
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1286:in 12th heaven Achyuta (22
1170:
1049:(fourteen according to the
896:
844:
624:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
400:Aparigraha (non-possession)
5584:
3916:Surebankar, Smita (2013).
3708:Asian Educational Services
3580:Mehta, Jodh Sinha (1970).
3465:Johnson, Helen M. (1931),
3344:Jaina Sutras (Translation)
1295:fourteen auspicious dreams
978:
610:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
589:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
5539:
4134:
4089:artsandculture.google.com
3781:: Publications Division,
3658:Moore, Albert C. (1977),
3473:Baroda Oriental Institute
1534:Svayambhūstotra (16-1-76)
1226:and Nirvani according to
890:and started his penance.
835:
57:
39:
3724:Shah, Natubhai (2004) ,
3156:Chapple, Christopher Key
3129:Chapple, Christopher Key
2313:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1975:Semliya Śvetāmbara Tirth
1714:Honolulu Academy of Arts
1668:Shantinatha idol inside
1512:praises the twenty-four
1492:tradition recite a hymn
1187:(May–June), he attained
1073:Life before renunciation
764:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
617:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
407:Anuvratas (further vows)
5442:Jain terms and concepts
5062:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
4028:Encyclopædia Britannica
3930:Indian History Congress
3817:University of Karnataka
3749:Shah, Umakant Premanand
3512:Sacred Animals of India
3490:Oxford University Press
3416:Jain, Vijay K. (2015),
3396:Jain, Vijay K. (2014),
3193:Oxford University Press
3107:Wilson & Ravat 2017
3095:Mercer & Maher 2014
3035:Javid & Javeed 2008
2927:Encyclopædia Britannica
2547:Kailash Chand Jain 1991
1776:and Shantinath Basadi,
901:(food) after achieving
373:Mahavratas (major vows)
3989:The New Indian Express
3893:& Kegan Paul Ltd,
3825:von Glasenapp, Helmuth
3774:Jaina Shrines in India
2100:Shantinath Jain Teerth
2003:Shantinath Jain Teerth
1927:
1553:
1537:
1361:
1243:
1162:
1146:
1136:
1092:
1080:
1047:most auspicious dreams
1023:birth-and-death cycles
903:
880:
872:
856:
671:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
582:Samayasāra (Digambara)
395:Brahmacarya (chastity)
5473:List of Jain ascetics
5278:Dynasties and empires
5067:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
3882:Philosophies Of India
3809:Compendium of Jainism
3702:Rice, E. P. (1982) ,
3605:Mittal, J.P. (2006),
3382:, Allied Publishers,
3210:Cunningham, Alexander
2586:"Purva, Pūrvā, Pūrva"
1919:
1884:18 feet (5.5 m)
1868:22 feet (6.7 m)
1742:. Aggalayya Gutta in
1608:Mahapurusha Charitra,
1547:
1359:
1241:
1127:
390:Asteya (non-stealing)
380:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
5468:List of Jain temples
4307:Bharata Chakravartin
4046:Shantinatha Charitra
1670:Pakbirra Jain temple
1558:Shantinatha Charitra
1470:Bruhad-Shanti Stotra
1388:Laghnu-Shanti-stavaa
1260:in Saudharma heaven.
854:in the present age (
549:Schools and Branches
5549:Religion portal
5483:Topics List (index)
4774:Mahamastakabhisheka
4008:on 28 November 2016
3787:Government of India
3732:Motilal Banarsidass
3664:, Chris Robertson,
3588:Motilal Banarsidass
3564:Springer Publishing
3540:Harrassowitz Verlag
3530:Lienhard, Siegfried
3480:Kelting, M. Whitney
3402:, Vikalp Printers,
3376:Jain, Tanu (2011),
3360:Motilal Banarsidass
3241:Penguin Books India
3061:, pp. 149–150.
2764:, pp. 104–167.
2592:. 30 September 2017
2537:, pp. 130–133.
2115:Prachin Bada Mandir
1983:Prachin Bada Mandir
1971:World Heritage Site
1855:Bhojpur Jain Temple
1821:Prachin Bada Mandir
1802:Shantinath Jinalaya
1748:Bhojpur Jain Temple
1736:Shantinath Jinalaya
1728:Prachin Bada Mandir
1656:and downcast eyes.
1384:Shanti Snaatra Puja
1314:sagars' life span).
1037:on the 13th day of
789:Religion portal
479:The 24 Tirthankaras
5447:Sexual differences
4317:Indrabhuti Gautama
4036:Shantinatha Purana
3704:Kannada Literature
3422:, Vikalp Printer,
3218:, Government Press
2388:von Glasenapp 1925
2007:Aharji Jain Teerth
1960:Shantinatha Temple
1928:
1886:Shantinatha basadi
1758:Shantinatha basadi
1600:Ajita-Śhānti-stava
1554:
1459:Ajit-Shanti Stotra
1362:
1251:Yugalika in Uttar
1244:
1179:Nirvana and moksha
1137:
596:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
195:Acalādevī (mother)
192:Viśvasena (father)
5555:
5554:
5237:
5236:
5016:Hampa Nagarajaiah
4909:Auspicious dreams
4837:Bhaktamara Stotra
4710:
4709:
4347:
4346:
3975:Rajasthan Patrika
3900:978-81-208-0739-6
3840:978-81-208-1376-2
3694:978-93-5741-111-0
3650:978-90-04-03610-9
3549:978-1-84511-625-5
3507:Krishna, Nanditha
3457:978-0-87586-482-2
3369:978-81-208-0805-8
3202:978-0-19-538502-1
2152:Arihant (Jainism)
2113:'Singh Dwaar' of
2082:Shantinath temple
2031:Ladnu Jain temple
1991:Shantinath Temple
1921:Shantinath Temple
1433:is considered by
1372:and hymns to the
842:is the sixteenth
825:
824:
444:Micchami Dukkadam
439:Bhaktamara Stotra
368:Ethics of Jainism
222:
220:
219:
16:(Redirected from
5575:
5547:
5546:
5509:Monks & nuns
5406:Statue of Ahimsa
5363:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
5087:
5001:Champat Rai Jain
4844:Tattvartha Sutra
4603:
4566:
4384:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4351:
4178:Abhinandananatha
4145:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
4121:
4114:
4107:
4098:
4092:
4080:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4058:
4052:. Archived from
4051:
4040:
4030:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4004:. Archived from
3993:
3979:
3964:
3959:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3903:
3877:Campbell, Joseph
3873:Zimmer, Heinrich
3868:
3843:
3820:
3814:
3799:
3767:
3744:
3720:
3698:
3679:Reddy, P. Chenny
3674:
3654:
3625:
3601:
3576:
3552:
3525:
3502:
3475:
3461:
3436:
3412:
3392:
3372:
3348:
3334:
3307:
3285:Das, Sisir Kumar
3280:
3253:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3205:
3178:
3151:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2465:
2459:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2391:
2385:
2372:
2366:
2347:
2341:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2232:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2173:
2132:Shringar Chori,
2129:
2110:
2096:
2078:
2064:
2050:
1900:
1881:
1865:
1850:
1835:
1816:
1797:
1722:Colossal statues
1710:
1695:
1680:
1665:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1535:
1516:, and its eight
1494:Sakalkushalvalli
1193:Sammed Shikharji
1173:
1165:
1159:After achieving
1151:
1095:
1083:
915:Sammed Shikharji
906:
899:
885:
877:
864:Ikshvaku dynasty
861:
849:
837:
817:
810:
803:
787:
786:
724:Shravanabelagola
631:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
603:Tattvartha Sutra
247:
224:
215:Ikshvaku dynasty
62:
32:
21:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5541:
5535:
5487:
5451:
5400:Panch Kalyanaka
5334:
5273:
5269:Non-creationism
5233:
5167:
5078:
5030:
5011:Jeffery D. Long
5006:Padmanabh Jaini
4991:Virchand Gandhi
4971:Colette Caillat
4954:
4918:
4868:
4795:
4706:
4656:
4592:
4479:Heavenly beings
4416:
4388:
4378:
4348:
4343:
4288:
4283:Simandhar Swami
4147:
4130:
4125:
4095:
4083:
4071:
4062:
4060:
4059:on 13 July 2019
4056:
4049:
4043:
4033:
4020:
4011:
4009:
3996:
3982:
3967:
3957:
3951:
3942:
3940:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3871:
3865:
3846:
3841:
3823:
3812:
3802:
3797:
3770:
3765:
3747:
3742:
3730:, vol. I,
3723:
3718:
3701:
3695:
3677:
3672:
3657:
3651:
3628:
3623:
3611:, vol. 2,
3604:
3598:
3579:
3574:
3555:
3550:
3528:
3523:
3505:
3500:
3478:
3464:
3458:
3439:
3430:
3415:
3410:
3395:
3390:
3375:
3370:
3351:
3339:Jacobi, Hermann
3337:
3332:
3322:Merriam-Webster
3310:
3305:
3295:Sahitya Akademi
3283:
3278:
3256:
3251:
3229:
3221:
3219:
3208:
3203:
3181:
3176:
3154:
3149:
3134:Yoga in Jainism
3127:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3047:Cunningham 1879
3045:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2841:Surebankar 2013
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2566:. 12 April 2009
2558:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2468:
2460:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2394:
2386:
2375:
2367:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2121:
2111:
2102:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2065:
2056:
2051:
1914:
1907:
1901:
1892:
1882:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1851:
1842:
1836:
1827:
1817:
1808:
1798:
1724:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1687:
1681:
1672:
1666:
1624:
1552:, 12th century
1542:
1536:
1533:
1510:Svayambhustotra
1507:Samantabhadra's
1427:Śvetāmbara sect
1380:are performed.
1354:
1349:
1341:
1320:Simandhar Swami
1236:
1234:Previous births
1197:Parasnath Hills
1181:
1122:
1075:
1041:Krishna in the
1031:
983:
981:Panch Kalyanaka
977:
821:
781:
774:
773:
739:
738:
729:
728:
696:
695:
686:
685:
661:
660:
651:
650:
576:
575:
573:Jain literature
564:
563:
546:
545:
536:
535:
474:
473:
464:
463:
454:Ṇamōkāra mantra
434:
433:
424:
423:
365:
364:
355:
354:
285:
284:
198:
181:
169:
72:
64:A 12th century
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5581:
5579:
5571:
5570:
5560:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5224:Southeast Asia
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5058:Organisations
5056:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5026:Jinendra Varni
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4996:Hermann Jacobi
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4930:Digambara monk
4926:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4889:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4864:Uttaradhyayana
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4832:Namokar Mantra
4826:
4821:
4819:Shatkhandagama
4816:
4814:Pravachanasara
4811:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4666:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4625:Kashtha Sangha
4622:
4620:Balatkara Gana
4611:
4609:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4515:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4464:Jain cosmology
4461:
4460:
4459:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4426:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4398:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4386:Jainism topics
4379:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4213:Shreyansanatha
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4193:Suparshvanatha
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4149:
4148:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:God in Jainism
4126:
4124:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4101:
4094:
4093:
4081:
4069:
4041:
4031:
4018:
3994:
3980:
3965:
3949:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3869:
3863:
3844:
3839:
3821:
3800:
3795:
3777:(1 ed.),
3768:
3763:
3745:
3740:
3721:
3716:
3699:
3693:
3675:
3670:
3655:
3649:
3626:
3621:
3602:
3596:
3583:Abu to Udapiur
3577:
3572:
3553:
3548:
3526:
3521:
3515:, Penguin UK,
3503:
3498:
3476:
3462:
3456:
3437:
3428:
3413:
3408:
3393:
3388:
3373:
3368:
3349:
3335:
3330:
3314:, ed. (1999),
3312:Doniger, Wendy
3308:
3303:
3281:
3276:
3254:
3249:
3227:
3206:
3201:
3179:
3174:
3152:
3147:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3085:, p. 173.
3075:
3073:, p. 215.
3063:
3051:
3039:
3037:, p. 209.
3027:
3015:
3003:
3001:, p. 197.
2991:
2979:
2967:
2965:, p. 138.
2955:
2953:, p. 225.
2943:
2931:
2919:
2917:, p. 369.
2907:
2905:, p. 550.
2895:
2886:, p. 197.
2876:
2874:, p. 791.
2864:
2855:, p. 236.
2845:
2843:, p. 215.
2833:
2821:
2819:, p. 143.
2809:
2797:
2778:
2776:, p. 104.
2766:
2754:
2752:, p. 137.
2742:
2730:
2718:
2716:, p. 246.
2706:
2697:, p. 198.
2687:
2685:, p. 193.
2675:
2673:, p. 182.
2663:
2661:, p. 208.
2651:
2649:, p. 179.
2639:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2590:Wisdom Library
2577:
2564:Wisdom Library
2551:
2539:
2527:
2525:, p. 275.
2515:
2503:
2501:, p. 138.
2491:
2489:, p. 152.
2466:
2464:, p. 199.
2447:
2445:, p. 198.
2435:
2422:Wisdom Library
2409:
2407:, p. 689.
2392:
2390:, p. 307.
2373:
2348:
2346:, p. 151.
2331:
2299:
2297:, p. 181.
2287:
2285:, p. 224.
2275:
2260:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:God in Jainism
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2039:United Kingdom
2019:Pavagiri Tirth
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1828:
1818:
1811:
1809:
1806:Shri Mahavirji
1799:
1792:
1740:Shri Mahavirji
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1716:, 15th century
1712:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1686:, 12th century
1682:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1623:
1620:
1541:
1538:
1531:
1398:, the Lord of
1370:Namokar Mantra
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1316:
1310:
1291:
1280:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1235:
1232:
1222:tradition and
1180:
1177:
1121:
1118:
1074:
1071:
1030:
1027:
987:Jain cosmology
976:
975:Jain tradition
973:
907:. He attained
823:
822:
820:
819:
812:
805:
797:
794:
793:
792:
791:
776:
775:
772:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
740:
736:
735:
734:
731:
730:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
697:
693:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
678:
673:
668:
662:
658:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
641:
638:Silappatikaram
634:
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
577:
571:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
556:
547:
543:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
496:
491:
486:
481:
475:
471:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
431:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
416:
410:
409:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
376:
375:
366:
362:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
286:
280:
279:
278:
275:
274:
273:
272:
267:
262:
257:
249:
248:
240:
239:
233:
232:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
197:
196:
193:
189:
187:
183:
182:
179:Sammed Shikhar
177:
175:
171:
170:
165:
163:
159:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
63:
55:
54:
40:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5580:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5550:
5545:
5538:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5463:List of Jains
5461:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5388:Jain calendar
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5230:
5229:United States
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5163:Uttar Pradesh
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Nalini Balbir
4964:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:Vegetarianism
4742:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4375:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4361:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4340:
4339:Samudravijaya
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4322:Sudharmaswami
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4285:(other world)
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4198:Chandraprabha
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Sambhavanatha
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Rishabhanatha
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4122:
4117:
4115:
4110:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4055:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3992:, 8 July 2019
3991:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3963:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3864:9781784504670
3860:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3798:
3796:9788123024547
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3764:9788170172086
3760:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3741:81-208-1938-1
3737:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3717:81-206-0063-0
3713:
3709:
3706:, New Delhi:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3671:9780800604882
3667:
3663:
3662:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:9788126906161
3618:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3599:
3597:9788120829848
3593:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3573:9781137342768
3569:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:9788184751826
3518:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:9780198032113
3495:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3434:Non-Copyright
3431:
3429:9788190363976
3425:
3421:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3409:9788190363969
3405:
3401:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:9788184246667
3385:
3381:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:0-87779-044-2
3327:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:9788126021710
3300:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3277:9788184753967
3273:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:Dalal, Roshen
3255:
3252:
3250:9780143415176
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3231:Dalal, Roshen
3228:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3183:Cort, John E.
3180:
3177:
3175:9781438477954
3171:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:9781317572183
3144:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:, p. 23.
3108:
3103:
3100:
3097:, p. 88.
3096:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3049:, p. 40.
3048:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2941:, p. 34.
2940:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2831:, p. 30.
2830:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2807:, p. 15.
2806:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2750:Lienhard 1984
2746:
2743:
2740:, p. 96.
2739:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2637:, p. 21.
2636:
2631:
2628:
2625:, p. 26.
2624:
2619:
2616:
2613:, p. 67.
2612:
2607:
2604:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2549:, p. 13.
2548:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2424:. 6 July 2017
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2273:, p. 31.
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2258:, p. 45.
2257:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:Odegal basadi
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:Rishabhanatha
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:Chaityavandan
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:Chandraprabha
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1417:According to
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:monk Acharya
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:(the present
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
985:According to
982:
974:
972:
970:
965:
963:
960:
956:
953:
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
930:Rishabhanatha
926:
924:
920:
917:and became a
916:
912:
911:
905:
900:
898:
891:
889:
884:
883:
876:
875:
869:
865:
860:
859:
853:
848:
847:
841:
833:
829:
818:
813:
811:
806:
804:
799:
798:
796:
795:
790:
785:
780:
779:
778:
777:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
733:
732:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
690:
689:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
655:
654:
647:
646:
642:
640:
639:
635:
633:
632:
628:
626:
625:
621:
619:
618:
614:
612:
611:
607:
605:
604:
600:
598:
597:
593:
591:
590:
586:
584:
583:
579:
578:
574:
568:
567:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
540:
539:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
521:Samantabhadra
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
501:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
472:Major figures
468:
467:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
449:Navkar Mantra
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
428:
427:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
408:
405:
404:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
385:Satya (truth)
383:
381:
378:
377:
374:
371:
370:
369:
359:
358:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
283:
277:
276:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
251:
250:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
194:
191:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:100,000 years
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5568:Tirthankaras
5404:
5383:Samavasarana
5373:Śalākāpuruṣa
4981:John E. Cort
4892:Ashtamangala
4887:Siddhachakra
4824:Kasayapahuda
4791:Pratikramana
4699:Sthānakavāsī
4457:Anekāntavāda
4453:Jaina logic
4447:Kevala Jñāna
4442:Epistemology
4293:
4273:Parshvanatha
4237:
4208:Shitalanatha
4152:
4088:
4061:. Retrieved
4054:the original
4045:
4035:
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
4006:the original
4001:
3987:
3973:
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3925:
3921:
3881:
3849:
3829:
3808:
3804:Tukol, T. K.
3773:
3753:
3726:
3703:
3683:
3660:
3631:
3607:
3582:
3558:
3534:
3511:
3484:
3467:
3442:
3433:
3418:
3398:
3378:
3354:
3343:
3316:
3289:
3262:
3235:
3220:, retrieved
3214:
3187:
3160:
3133:
3102:
3090:
3083:Chapple 2020
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2939:Krishna 2014
2934:
2922:
2910:
2903:Doniger 1999
2898:
2879:
2867:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2738:Kelting 2001
2733:
2728:, p. 9.
2726:Kelting 2001
2721:
2714:Chapple 2015
2709:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2589:
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2563:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2421:
2412:
2369:Johnson 1931
2322:. Retrieved
2311:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2251:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2134:Chittor Fort
2023:Kanch Mandir
1940:Parshvanatha
1929:
1752:
1725:
1651:
1647:tirthankaras
1635:tirthankaras
1625:
1615:
1610:compiled by
1607:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1586:Shantipurana
1585:
1577:
1565:
1555:
1527:
1521:
1514:tirthankaras
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:Parshvanatha
1493:
1485:
1481:
1474:Snaatra Puja
1473:
1469:
1458:
1443:Jinastotrāņi
1442:
1438:
1430:
1418:
1416:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1342:
1331:
1313:
1298:
1287:
1274:
1267:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1199:in northern
1182:
1168:
1163:kevala jnana
1160:
1158:
1154:kevala jnana
1138:
1132:
1120:Renunciation
1113:
1109:
1103:
1099:Chakravartin
1090:
1078:
1076:
1066:
1032:
1016:
1008:
998:
994:
991:Tirthankaras
990:
984:
968:
966:
958:
949:
938:Parshvanatha
927:
908:
904:kevala gnana
894:
892:
839:
827:
826:
759:Jain symbols
643:
636:
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
498:
459:Jai Jinendra
432:Jain prayers
406:
372:
320:Kevala Jnana
290:Anekantavada
77:Venerated in
29:
5325:Rashtrakuta
5242:Jainism and
5141:Maharashtra
5099:Bundelkhand
4986:Paul Dundas
4859:Kalpa Sūtra
4854:Aptamimamsa
4739:Monasticism
4670:Murtipujaka
4652:Kanji Panth
4632:Taran Panth
4615:Mula Sangha
4469:Siddhashila
4402:Tirthankara
4258:Munisuvrata
4243:Kunthunatha
4238:Shantinatha
4233:Dharmanatha
4228:Anantanatha
4223:Vimalanatha
4203:Pushpadanta
4188:Padmaprabha
4183:Sumatinatha
4154:Tirthankara
4073:"Neelkanth"
3943:10 February
3815:. Dharwad:
3059:Mishra 1973
2975:Tiwari 2016
2951:Zimmer 1953
2523:Jacobi 1964
2405:Mittal 2006
2295:Zimmer 1953
2283:Zimmer 1953
2256:Tandon 2002
2225:Tirthankara
1930:Along with
1778:Chandragiri
1644:. Like all
1641:tirthankara
1629:tīrthankara
1622:Iconography
1584:tradition.
1574:Hemachandra
1566:Santyastaka
1529:tendencies.
1498:Tirthankara
1484:During the
1476:as per the
1463:Tirthankara
1447:Munisuvrata
1435:Śvetāmbaras
1378:Śhāntinātha
1253:Kurukshetra
1230:tradition.
1133:Shantinatha
1130:Tirthankara
1114:Shantikarma
1087:chakraratna
1081:kumāra kāla
1059:Hemachandra
1009:Tirthankara
995:tirthankara
969:Śhāntinātha
928:Along with
874:Chakravarti
846:Tīrthaṅkara
769:Topics list
694:Pilgrimages
645:Valayapathi
544:Major sects
531:Yashovijaya
335:Brahmacarya
101:Kunthunatha
91:Dharmanatha
87:Predecessor
49:, and 11th
47:Chakravarti
43:Tirthankara
35:Shantinatha
5504:Literature
5393:Samvatsari
5158:Tamil Nadu
5083:Jainism in
4902:Nandavarta
4849:Samayasāra
4801:Literature
4769:Kshamavani
4764:Paryushana
4727:Meditation
4722:Sallekhana
4662:Śvetāmbara
4583:Ratnatraya
4503:Gunasthana
4422:Philosophy
4329:Jambuswami
4253:Mallinatha
4168:Ajitanatha
3932:: 212–18.
3637:Netherland
3268:Penguin UK
2999:Reddy 2023
2963:Moore 1977
2915:Dalal 2010
2872:Dalal 2014
2635:Mehta 1970
2596:6 February
2570:6 February
2499:Mehta 1970
2428:4 February
2324:15 October
2271:Tukol 1980
2239:References
2177:avasarpini
2119:Hastinapur
1987:Hastinapur
1956:Kunthunath
1948:Hastinapur
1825:Hastinapur
1782:Bahuriband
1732:Hastinapur
1604:Śvetāmbara
1596:Ajitasanti
1582:Śvetāmbara
1550:Yogaśāstra
1540:Literature
1490:Śvetāmbara
1480:tradition)
1478:Śvetāmbara
1468:) and the
1466:Ajitanatha
1455:Śvetāmbara
1431:Santistava
1419:Santistava
1404:Kishkindha
1366:Śvetāmbara
1334:life span)
1290:life span)
1270:life span)
1248:Binduṣeṇa.
1228:Śvētāmbara
1142:nandi tree
1110:Shantinath
1065:named him
1055:Śvetāmbara
1051:Śvetāmbara
1035:Hastinapur
1005:time cycle
1000:Avasarpiṇī
979:See also:
868:Hastinapur
858:Avasarpini
828:Śāntinātha
681:Samvatsari
676:Paryushana
559:Śvetāmbara
526:Haribhadra
516:Siddhasena
511:Kundakunda
419:Sallekhana
345:Gunasthana
340:Aparigraha
282:Philosophy
167:Hastinapur
141:Nandi tree
66:Śvetāmbara
18:Shantinath
5422:Sculpture
5358:Ekendriya
5219:Singapore
5204:Hong Kong
5184:Australia
5153:Rajasthan
5124:Karnataka
5036:Community
5021:Bal Patil
4976:Chandabai
4945:Pattavali
4897:Shrivatsa
4882:Jain flag
4759:Festivals
4715:Practices
4703:Terapanth
4690:Tristutik
4680:Kharatara
4642:Terapanth
4637:Bispanthi
4607:Digambara
4430:Five Vows
4407:Ganadhara
4312:Ganadhara
4268:Neminatha
4263:Naminatha
4218:Vasupujya
4063:28 August
3891:Routledge
3875:(1953) ,
3779:New Delhi
3139:Routledge
3071:Cort 2010
3023:Neelkanth
2884:Cort 2001
2853:Cort 2001
2829:Rice 1982
2805:Jain 2014
2774:Jain 2015
2762:Jain 2015
2695:Cort 2001
2683:Shah 2004
2671:Shah 2004
2659:Shah 2004
2647:Shah 2004
2623:Jain 2011
2611:Shah 2004
2535:Cort 2010
2487:Shah 1987
2462:Jain 2015
2443:Jain 2015
2344:Shah 1987
2244:Citations
2181:utsarpini
2035:Leicester
1964:Khajuraho
1936:Neminatha
1701:, 1117 CE
1653:Shrivatsa
1616:Santikara
1612:Merutunga
1590:Sri Ponna
1570:Pujyapada
1339:Disciples
1282:Heavenly
1220:Digambara
1201:Jharkhand
934:Neminatha
888:Jain monk
836:शान्तिनाथ
754:Jain flag
744:Ekendriya
719:Shikharji
659:Festivals
554:Digambara
506:Ganadhara
295:Cosmology
157:Genealogy
97:Successor
5562:Category
5514:Scholars
5492:Navboxes
5351:Timeline
5300:Ikshvaku
5285:Chalukya
5254:Hinduism
5249:Buddhism
5214:Pakistan
5172:Overseas
4959:Scholars
4940:Kshullak
4923:Ascetics
4914:Swastika
4732:Sāmāyika
4647:Yapaniya
4598:Branches
4302:Bahubali
4278:Mahavira
4248:Aranatha
4143: ;
4139: ;
3938:44158817
3827:(1925),
3806:(1980).
3751:(1987),
3681:(2023).
3532:(1984),
3509:(2014),
3482:(2001),
3287:(2005),
3260:(2014),
3233:(2010),
3212:(1879),
3185:(2010),
3158:(2020),
3131:(2015),
2817:Das 2005
2318:Archived
2229:srivasta
2141:See also
1952:Aranatha
1944:Mahavira
1906:, 923 CE
1890:Halebidu
1840:Warangal
1786:Pawagiri
1762:Halebidu
1744:Warangal
1532:—
1441:(hymn).
1325:Jain art
1106:epilepsy
1043:Ikshvaku
942:Mahavira
882:Kamadeva
832:Sanskrit
709:Palitana
494:Mahavira
484:Rishabha
414:Sāmāyika
265:Timeline
229:a series
227:Part of
206:Yaśomatī
115:Antelope
51:Kamadeva
5524:America
5519:Temples
5368:Pratima
5346:History
5339:Related
5330:Santara
5310:Kalinga
5305:Kadamba
5295:Hoysala
5264:Sikhism
5189:Belgium
5119:Haryana
5114:Gujarat
5044:Śrāvaka
4950:Acharya
4874:Symbols
4828:Mantra
4781:Upadhan
4754:Rituals
4749:Fasting
4588:Kashaya
4578:Saṃsāra
4557:Nirjara
4552:Samvara
4523:Pudgala
4412:Arihant
4294:Samanya
4137:Arihant
4012:10 June
3879:(ed.),
3116:Sources
1995:Deogarh
1925:Deogarh
1912:Temples
1524:reads:
1518:shlokas
1439:stavans
1425:of the
1423:Acharya
1412:Trikuta
1392:tantric
1352:Worship
1307:Arihant
1189:nirvana
1185:Jyestha
959:Nirvani
852:Jainism
749:Temples
500:Arihant
350:Saṃsāra
260:History
237:Jainism
211:Dynasty
186:Parents
81:Jainism
5529:Bengal
5437:Nigoda
5412:Temple
5378:Tirtha
5320:Pandya
5315:Maurya
5199:Europe
5194:Canada
5179:Africa
5146:Mumbai
5136:Kerala
4935:Aryika
4675:Gaccha
4547:Bandha
4542:Asrava
4537:Tattva
4528:Dharma
4508:Dravya
4496:Causes
4474:Naraka
4435:Ahimsa
4141:Siddha
3962:UNESCO
3936:
3897:
3887:London
3861:
3837:
3793:
3761:
3738:
3714:
3691:
3668:
3647:
3619:
3594:
3570:
3546:
3519:
3496:
3454:
3448:Algora
3426:
3406:
3386:
3366:
3328:
3301:
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3222:1 June
3199:
3172:
3145:
2185:sarpin
2086:Ramtek
2027:Indore
1968:UNESCO
1870:Aharji
1754:Aharji
1562:UNESCO
1522:shloka
1400:Shanta
1347:Legacy
1332:sagars
1299:Vajrin
1288:sagars
1268:sagars
1224:Garuda
1215:yakshi
1209:yaksha
1148:Pausha
1067:Śhānti
1039:Jestha
1018:tirtha
962:Yakshi
957:, and
955:Yaksha
951:Garuda
948:tree,
919:siddha
910:Moksha
878:and a
714:Girnar
666:Diwali
489:Pārśva
363:Ethics
330:Tattva
325:Dravya
310:Dharma
300:Ahimsa
203:Spouse
151:Golden
121:Height
107:Symbol
45:, 5th
5456:Lists
5417:Stupa
5290:Ganga
5259:Islam
5209:Japan
5129:North
5104:Delhi
5091:India
5072:JAINA
5054:Tamil
5049:Sarak
4809:Agama
4786:Tapas
4573:Death
4564:Mokṣa
4518:Ajiva
4491:Types
4486:Karma
4334:Nabhi
4057:(PDF)
4050:(PDF)
3958:(PDF)
3934:JSTOR
3813:(PDF)
3641:Brill
3121:Books
2163:Notes
1770:Alwar
1408:Lanka
1303:Indra
1284:Indra
1276:purva
1171:ahara
1093:ratna
1063:Indra
1029:Birth
1007:). A
989:, 24
946:Nandi
923:karma
897:ahara
840:Śānti
838:) or
737:Other
699:Tirth
315:Mokṣa
305:Karma
270:Index
255:Jains
147:Color
41:16th
5499:Gods
4685:Tapa
4513:Jīva
4394:Gods
4065:2015
4014:2017
3945:2023
3895:ISBN
3859:ISBN
3835:ISBN
3791:ISBN
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3712:ISBN
3689:ISBN
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3645:ISBN
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3326:ISBN
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3272:ISBN
3245:ISBN
3224:2017
3197:ISBN
3170:ISBN
3143:ISBN
2890:help
2859:help
2792:help
2701:help
2598:2023
2572:2023
2430:2023
2326:2013
1954:and
1942:and
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1734:and
1564:. *
1556:The
1410:and
1396:Siva
1376:and
1374:Jina
1258:Deva
1212:and
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940:and
174:Died
162:Born
137:Tree
111:Deer
5432:Law
5427:Art
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1973:),
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