68:
943:
628:
932:
601:.... We have already had an occasion to remark that Shangshung, embracing KailÄÅa sacred Mount of the Hindus, may once have had a religion largely borrowed from Hinduism. The situation may even have lasted for quite a long time. In fact, about 950, the Hindu King of Kabul had a statue of ViÅÅu, of the Kashmiri type (with three heads), which he claimed had been given him by the king of the Bhota (Tibetans) who, in turn had obtained it from KailÄÅa."
334:
5376:
5387:
2785:
2772:
597:.... Geographically the country was certainly open to India, both through Nepal and by way of Kashmir and Ladakh. KailÄÅa is a holy place for the Indians, who make pilgrimages to it. No one knows how long they have done so, but the cult may well go back to the times when Shangshung was still independent of Tibet. How far Shangshung stretched to the north, east and west is a mystery
810:
2762:
531:, was part of sGob-ba. The inner region is said to be sTag-gzig (Tazig) , and the middle rGya-mkhar bar-chod, a place not yet identified." While it is not certain whether Zhangzhung was really so large, it was an independent kingdom and covered the whole of what is today's Western Tibet, Ladakh and Gilgit.
679:
Early
Tibetan accounts say that the Tibetan king and the king of Zhangzhung had married each other's sisters in a political alliance. However, the Tibetan wife of the king of the Zhangzhung complained of poor treatment by the king's principal wife. War ensued, and through the treachery of the Tibetan
506:
religion, which has influenced the philosophies and practices of
Tibetan Buddhism. Zhangzhung people are mentioned frequently in ancient Tibetan texts as the original rulers of today's western Tibet. Only in the last two decades have archaeologists been given access to do field work in the areas once
735:
claim that the
Tibetan writing system is derived from the Zhangzhung alphabet, while modern scholars recognise the clear derivation of Tibetan script from a North Indian script, which accords with non-Bon Tibetan accounts. A modern Kinnauri language called by the same name (pronounced locally
688:
province) was ambushed and killed by King
Srongtsen Gampo's soldiers. As a consequence, Zhangzhung was annexed to Bod (Central Tibet). Thereafter the new kingdom born of the unification of Zhangzhung and Bod was known as Bod rGyal-khab." R. A. Stein places the conquest of Zhangzhung in 645.
672:, and then conquered two more tribes of Qiang before threatening Songzhou with an army of more than 200,000 men. He then sent an envoy with gifts of gold and silk to the Chinese emperor to ask for a Chinese princess in marriage and, when refused,
2017:
1347:... The Lord Shenrab was born in the Barpo Sogye Palace to the south of Mount Youngdong. He was born a prince, married while young, and had children. At the age of 31 he renounced the world and lived in austerity, teaching the doctrine.
776:, which is the center of Zhangzhung culture, and also the most sacred mountain to Hindus. As a result, the Bonpos claim that the supposedly much later Hindu teaching owes its origin ā at least indirectly ā to Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche.
5447:
1982:
1977:
2632:
1384:
The mysterious land of Olmo
Lungring is said to be part of a larger geographical region to the northwest of Tibet called Tazig, which scholars identify with Iran or, more properly, Central Asia.
2007:
1498:
Zeisler, Bettina (2010). "East of the Moon and West of the Sun? Approaches to a Land with Many Names, North of
Northern India and South of Khotan". In: The Earth Ox Papers. Special Issue.
515:
Tradition has it that
Zhangzhung consisted "of three different regions: sGob-ba, the outer; Phug-pa, the inner; and Bar-ba, the middle. The outer is what we might call Western Tibet, from
1792:
3526:
1432:
Zhangzhung. Foundations of
Civilization in Tibet. A Historical and Ethnoarchaeological Study of the Monuments, Rock Art, Texts, and Oral Tradition of the Ancient Tibetan Upland.
2916:
2332:
2238:
1522:
1434:
Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 368. Beitraege zur Kultur- und
Geistesgeschichte Asiens 61, Verlag der Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2008.
768:. Bonpos also suggest that during this time Lord Shenrab Miwoche's teaching permeated the entire subcontinent and was in part responsible for the development of the
1512:
1502:, Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n 3-Summer 2010 vol. SSSV n. 2. Edited by Roberto Vitali. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, H.P., India. pp. 371ā463.
4669:
160:
1396:... Bonpos claim that Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche lived some 18,000 years ago, and visited Kongpo in southern Tibet from the land of Tagzig Olmo Lungring or Shambhala.
5417:
1949:
1035:
Aldenderfer, Mark (2007). "Defining Zhang Zhung ethnicity: an archaeological perspective from far western Tibet". In Amy Heller and
Giacomella Orofino (ed.).
5432:
2886:
2337:
2994:
2365:
1929:
971:
1469:
Zeisler, Bettina. (2010). "Ćast of the Moon and West of the Sun? Approaches to a Land with Many Names, North of Ancient India and South of Khotan". In:
67:
2751:
2213:
1797:
1041:. Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Oxford, 2003. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1ā22.
1914:
1299:
The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia. A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages,
1655:
1598:
920:
5261:
4713:
593:
formed part of this country., whose language has come down to us through early documents. Though still unidentified, it seems to be Indo European
4445:
4916:
2896:
2595:
1706:
1552:
1046:
619:
plateau in 2010 found possible evidence of an Iron Age culture in the area which some have tentatively identified as that of the Zhangzhung.
3079:
2921:
2277:
664:
do, however, seem to clearly place these events in the reign of Songtsen Gampo for they say that in 634, Yangtong (Zhangzhung) and various
1787:
889:
1473:, Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 371ā463.
5256:
1495:, Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. "The Earth Ox Papers", edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 71ā160.
5153:
4703:
2798:
2729:
1892:
1847:
1517:
5246:
764:. Bonpos claim that Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche lived some 18,000 years ago, and visited Tibet from the land of Tagzig Olmo Lung Ring, or
2999:
1919:
1449:
1424:
1370:
1306:
1285:
1277:
1256:
1232:
1118:
1094:
1086:
3142:
1832:
4931:
4676:
727:
A handful of Zhangzhung texts and 11th century bilingual Tibetan documents attest to a Zhang-Zhung language which was related to
1872:
5323:
5313:
2709:
2590:
2424:
1565:
1491:
Blezer, Henk. (2010). "Greatly Perfected, in Space and Time: Historicities of the Bon Aural Transmission from Zhangzhung". In:
320:
295:
5268:
4921:
4723:
4614:
4559:
3132:
2267:
2233:
2042:
1645:
964:
5412:
5238:
4936:
4619:
2911:
2744:
2282:
2083:
1146:
1939:
5452:
4821:
4693:
4664:
4366:
2683:
2287:
2129:
1768:
577:, the area of Shang Shung was not historically a part of Tibet and was a distinctly foreign territory to the Tibetans:
4056:
1484:
Bellezza, John Vincent. (2010). "gShen-rab Myi-bo, His life and times according to Tibet's earliest literary sources".
1330:
585:
then further west, the Tibetans encountered a distinctly foreign nation. ā Shangshung, with its capital at Khyunglung.
4512:
4421:
4317:
4251:
3891:
3536:
3049:
2944:
2090:
1882:
1842:
1588:
905:
1518:
Oral Tradition from Zhangzhung, An Introduction to the Bonpo Dzogchen Teachings of the Oral Tradition from Zhangzhung
668:
tribes, "altogether submitted to him". Following this he united with the country of Yangtong to defeat the 'Azha or
5361:
4841:
3803:
2926:
2370:
2299:
2292:
2250:
2032:
1817:
1545:
673:
627:
3275:
2375:
2309:
1227:, p. 20. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Fourth printing with new afterword and 1st paperback version.
5251:
5064:
5054:
4926:
3909:
3489:
3250:
3225:
2162:
2153:
2037:
2027:
1827:
1650:
1603:
957:
910:
789:
769:
528:
3549:
1718:
1688:
1660:
874:
5437:
5356:
4708:
4522:
4500:
4493:
4396:
3929:
3365:
3310:
2931:
2737:
2499:
2012:
713:, but was brought back under Tibetan control by the "firm governance of the great leaders of the Mgar clan".
5293:
5273:
4604:
4584:
4341:
4071:
3872:
3633:
3315:
3265:
2666:
2327:
2225:
2078:
2073:
1593:
1444:. Edited and translated by Guido Vogliotti. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives. Dharamsala, H.P., India.
915:
5442:
5303:
5143:
4811:
4781:
4554:
4505:
4346:
4294:
4289:
4051:
3769:
3521:
3516:
1997:
1956:
1412:
1244:
1106:
1038:
Discoveries in Western Tibet and the Western Himalayas: Essays on History, Literature, Archaeology and Art
1907:
1867:
1775:
884:
5308:
5278:
4859:
4791:
4624:
4539:
4534:
4458:
4453:
4371:
2901:
2660:
2516:
2511:
2488:
2255:
1934:
1822:
1755:
1698:
1538:
879:
844:
757:
702:
651:
547:
539:
3924:
4441:
3581:
5331:
5298:
5283:
5171:
4801:
4698:
4644:
4529:
4468:
4436:
4431:
4416:
4401:
4391:
4356:
4269:
3961:
3884:
3786:
3655:
3457:
3195:
3187:
3127:
2876:
2843:
2793:
2260:
1992:
1897:
1670:
839:
722:
190:
31:
3112:
3039:
5138:
5017:
4851:
4826:
4816:
4776:
4753:
4636:
4609:
4569:
4488:
4478:
4406:
4333:
3764:
3621:
3402:
3380:
3332:
3152:
2952:
2808:
2788:
2471:
2304:
2002:
1944:
1713:
1010:
849:
232:
5000:
931:
5201:
5106:
4948:
4911:
4906:
4836:
4786:
4733:
4728:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4579:
4564:
4549:
4544:
4483:
4463:
4426:
4351:
4156:
3857:
3781:
3659:
3601:
3442:
3342:
3270:
3245:
2891:
2821:
2647:
2612:
2429:
2399:
2245:
2114:
2057:
1857:
1852:
1837:
1186:
The History of Early Relations between China and Tibet: From Chiu t'ang-shu, a documentary survey
1171:
Karmey, Samten G. (1975). "'A General Introduction to the History and Doctrines of Bon", p. 180.
737:
809:
3117:
5427:
5379:
5341:
5037:
5022:
4985:
4970:
4743:
4659:
4574:
4411:
4376:
4361:
4323:
4088:
4078:
3759:
3606:
3591:
3462:
3385:
3305:
3240:
3172:
3059:
3017:
2816:
2622:
2409:
2404:
1987:
1972:
1877:
1862:
1445:
1420:
1366:
1302:
1281:
1273:
1252:
1228:
1114:
1090:
1082:
1061:
1042:
728:
698:
586:
570:
4106:
642:
There is some confusion as to whether Central Tibet conquered Zhangzhung during the reign of
5027:
4980:
4975:
4831:
4796:
4771:
4766:
4517:
4473:
4386:
4061:
3717:
3710:
3494:
3484:
3370:
3034:
2906:
2702:
2602:
2553:
2536:
2419:
2353:
2193:
2022:
1924:
1902:
1573:
1036:
995:
990:
985:
798:
676:. He apparently finally retreated and apologised and later the emperor granted his request.
660:
590:
499:
457:
432:
424:
410:
407:
376:
136:
104:
4126:
3290:
3280:
3044:
5391:
5336:
5288:
5216:
5086:
4884:
4864:
4806:
4718:
4381:
4279:
3862:
3845:
3830:
3808:
3360:
3230:
3064:
2617:
2607:
2504:
2143:
2138:
2124:
1887:
1750:
1738:
1632:
1619:
1437:
869:
864:
829:
819:
669:
313:
300:
4136:
3850:
3097:
2960:
1459:. Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko, No. 33, pp. 171ā218. Tokyo.
5346:
5049:
4899:
4681:
4261:
4241:
4161:
3840:
3774:
3749:
3611:
2718:
2673:
2653:
2579:
2521:
1637:
1388:... According to the 'gZi-brjid,' Olmo Lungring was also known as Shambhala in Sanskrit
1318:
1147:"KM-III EXPLORATION REPORT: A Reconnaissance Mission to Locate the Sri Ashtapad Temple"
834:
761:
710:
647:
643:
636:
384:
327:
258:
4274:
3574:
3564:
1464:
Les tribus anciennes des marches Sino-TibƩtaines: lƩgends, classifications et histoire
760:, to whom are ascribed teachings similar in scope to those ascribed to the historical
5406:
5116:
4965:
4176:
4034:
3835:
3813:
3420:
3215:
3210:
3102:
2936:
2771:
2627:
2095:
773:
741:
563:
559:
519:
in the west to Dangs-ra khyung-rdzong in the east, next to lake gNam-mtsho, and from
5161:
4066:
3944:
3300:
3295:
1214:, p. 30. Information Office of His Holiness The Dalai Lama, Dharamsala, H.P., India.
5422:
5206:
5191:
5111:
5101:
4943:
4738:
4231:
3732:
3727:
3554:
3425:
2761:
2585:
2541:
2531:
2483:
2478:
2461:
2109:
1780:
947:
665:
464:
121:
91:
3989:
3974:
3934:
2871:
1360:
5176:
5166:
5005:
4146:
4131:
3914:
3722:
3650:
3430:
3260:
3162:
3009:
2881:
2566:
2561:
936:
75:
5386:
3320:
1150:
5121:
5079:
4955:
4761:
4686:
4300:
4284:
4246:
4226:
4141:
4121:
4096:
4004:
3939:
3919:
3665:
3596:
3467:
3350:
3255:
3205:
3137:
2863:
2853:
2826:
2678:
2466:
2272:
2188:
1763:
753:
616:
535:
3435:
5096:
5069:
4236:
4111:
3823:
3739:
3616:
3506:
3479:
3472:
3392:
3355:
3122:
3087:
3054:
3029:
2984:
2434:
2148:
1728:
1338:
1000:
854:
765:
632:
180:
4869:
3705:
3559:
3325:
3107:
2976:
2968:
3631:
5226:
5181:
5126:
5091:
4995:
4654:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4201:
4186:
4166:
4101:
4019:
4009:
3984:
3979:
3879:
3640:
3511:
3499:
3410:
3147:
3069:
2766:
2104:
1683:
228:
210:
164:
General location of Zhangzhung, with contemporary neighbouring polities
17:
5131:
5074:
5059:
4206:
4196:
4171:
4046:
4041:
3999:
3969:
3901:
3867:
3818:
3754:
3695:
3690:
3586:
3544:
3447:
3285:
3235:
3022:
2848:
2572:
2526:
2441:
1733:
859:
5211:
5196:
5032:
4894:
4874:
4649:
4311:
4191:
4181:
4116:
3744:
3700:
3685:
3675:
3645:
3626:
3569:
3452:
3220:
3092:
2836:
2831:
2451:
2100:
1983:
29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)
1978:
13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)
1743:
555:
524:
520:
516:
562:(Mount Ti-se), which is identified with palaces found in the upper
200:
744:
of Himachal Pradesh who claim to be descendants of the Zhangzhung.
5351:
5186:
5044:
5010:
4990:
4960:
4889:
4306:
4151:
4029:
4024:
3994:
3949:
3796:
3791:
3670:
3375:
3200:
3167:
3157:
2637:
2456:
2446:
2319:
2008:
Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)
1561:
1362:
Sons of Sikkim: The Rise and Fall of the Namgyal Dynasty of Sikkim
732:
487:
360:
356:
352:
1530:
1419:. Little, Brown and Company. Reprint: 2000 Abacus Books, London.
5221:
4014:
3680:
3177:
2183:
2178:
1678:
1005:
685:
2733:
1534:
4879:
3415:
2414:
503:
491:
680:
princess, "King Ligmikya of Zhangzhung, while on his way to
523:
in the north to Chu-mig brgyad-cu rtsa-gnyis in the south.
495:
1457:
A General Introduction to the History and Doctrines of Bon
1272:, p. 59. Stanford University Press, Stanford California.
1066:
A General Introduction to the History and Doctrines of Bon
1417:
The Search for Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History
1249:
The Search for Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History
1111:
The Search for Shangri-La: A Journey into Tibetan History
5448:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
1251:, pp. 127ā128. (1999). Reprint: (2000). Abacus, London.
1113:. Abacus Edition, London. (2000), pp. 266ā267; 273ā274.
2033:
Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)
2018:
Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)
1466:. Presses Universitaires de France, Paris. (In French)
1359:
Jigme N. Kazi (20 October 2020). "Buddhism in Tibet".
1343:
The Founder of Bon religion is the Lord Shenrab Miwo.
5322:
5237:
5152:
4850:
4752:
4635:
4332:
4260:
4087:
3960:
3900:
3535:
3401:
3341:
3186:
3078:
3008:
2862:
2807:
2552:
2388:
2352:
2318:
2212:
2171:
2056:
1965:
1808:
1612:
1581:
1572:
1201:, pp. 3ā4. Librairie d'AmĆ©rique et d'orient, Paris.
1081:. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
486:was an ancient kingdom in western and northwestern
463:
456:
451:
431:
423:
406:
401:
383:
375:
348:
255:
242:
224:
216:
206:
196:
186:
176:
41:
752:Bonpo tradition claims that Bon was founded by a
697:Zhangzhung revolted soon after the death of King
658:), (r. 755 until 797 or 804). The records of the
1513:Study Buddhism article on Bon and the Zhangzhung
1212:The Necklace of Gzi, A Cultural History of Tibet
1173:Memoirs of Research Department of The Toyo Bunko
502:. The Zhangzhung culture is associated with the
579:
2745:
1950:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China
1546:
1301:1987, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
965:
438:
8:
3527:Basic points unifying TheravÄda and MahÄyÄna
2752:
2738:
2730:
2392:
2358:
2218:
2066:
2062:
1578:
1553:
1539:
1531:
1319:Ethnologue 14 report for language code:JNA
1188:, pp. 7ā9. Eastern Press, Bloomington, IN.
972:
958:
783:
534:The capital city of Zhangzhung was called
448:
398:
38:
1331:"Bon: Tonpa Shenrab ā The Founder of Bon"
772:. An example of this link is said to be
1488:Number 19 October 2010, pp. 31ā118.
626:
4714:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
1129:
1127:
1027:
897:
797:
786:
631:Map showing Zhangzhung and its capital
4917:List of Buddhist architecture in China
1707:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
367:
1788:People's Republic of China (PRC) rule
254:
241:
237:
215:
7:
5418:Archaeological cultures of East Asia
1915:1938ā1939 German expedition to Tibet
646:(605 or 617ā649) or in the reign of
5433:Former countries in Chinese history
740:) is spoken by 2,000 people in the
4704:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1893:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1848:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
1225:The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia
25:
1930:Protests and uprisings since 1950
1920:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet
1223:Beckwith, Christopher I. (1987).
5385:
5375:
5374:
4932:Thai temple art and architecture
4677:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2917:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2783:
2770:
2760:
2038:70,000 Character Petition (1962)
2028:Seventeen Point Agreement (1951)
1068:, p. 180. The Toyo Bunko, Tokyo.
941:
930:
808:
332:
318:
293:
66:
27:Ancient kingdom in western Tibet
2784:
2013:Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)
4922:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4724:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3804:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2995:Places where the Buddha stayed
2268:Patron and priest relationship
2234:Central Tibetan Administration
2043:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy
1136:by R.A. Stein, Faber and Faber
439:
1:
4937:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2633:Historical and cultural sites
1998:Convention of Calcutta (1890)
248:
165:
54:
4694:Buddhism and the Roman world
4670:Decline of Buddhism in India
4665:History of Buddhism in India
2765: Topics in
1973:Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)
3892:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3632:
1993:Treaty of Thapathali (1856)
1883:British expedition to Tibet
1873:Nepal-Tibet War (1855ā1856)
1843:Battle of the Salween River
5469:
4842:The unanswerable questions
2366:Postage and postal history
1818:Tibetan attack on Songzhou
1455:Karmey, Samten G. (1975).
1199:Histoire ancienne du Tibet
720:
709:, r. 650ā677), the son of
615:Archeological work on the
490:, existing from about 500
29:
5370:
4927:Buddhist temples in Korea
3490:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3393:Three planes of existence
3000:Buddha in world religions
2779:
2696:
2395:
2361:
2221:
2069:
2065:
1828:Mongol invasions of Tibet
1486:Revue d'Ćtudes TibĆ©taines
1365:. Chennai: Notion Press.
1297:Beckwith, Christopher I.
611:Possible Iron Age culture
554:), the "Silver Palace of
507:ruled by the Zhangzhung.
447:
397:
389:
370:
272:
268:
238:
61:
53:
4709:Persecution of Buddhists
3930:Four stages of awakening
3311:Three marks of existence
2897:Physical characteristics
2226:Tibet Autonomous Region
1988:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
1940:1987ā1989 Tibetan unrest
1523:Expedition to Zhangzhung
1430:Bellezza, John Vincent:
1210:Norbu, Namkhai. (1981).
885:13th and 14th Dalai Lama
4072:Ten principal disciples
2955:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2333:TAR People's Government
2293:Serfs' Emancipation Day
1833:TibetāLadakhāMughal war
1197:Pelliot, Paul. (1961).
552:Khyung-lung dngul-mkhar
4782:Buddhism and democracy
4295:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4290:Chinese Buddhist canon
3522:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3517:Early Buddhist schools
2003:Treaty of Lhasa (1904)
1957:Special Frontier Force
639:
623:Conquest of Zhangzhung
603:
30:For the language, see
4792:Eight Consciousnesses
2902:Life of Buddha in art
2376:QinghaiāTibet railway
2371:Qinghai-Tibet Highway
2338:TAR People's Congress
2310:IndiaāTibet relations
2283:Independence movement
1935:1959 Tibetan uprising
1823:Battle of Dafei River
1671:Era of Fragmentation
1462:Stein, R. A. (1961).
1268:Stein, R. A. (1972).
1077:Stein, R. A. (1972).
758:Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche
721:Further information:
630:
187:Common languages
5413:7th century in Tibet
5269:East Asian religions
4699:Buddhism in the West
4270:Early Buddhist texts
3885:Four Right Exertions
3351:Ten spiritual realms
2844:Noble Eightfold Path
2684:Traditional medicine
1898:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1719:Relations with Ming
1689:Relations with Song
1661:Relations with Tang
1599:European exploration
1270:Tibetan Civilization
1184:Lee, Don Y. (1981).
1134:Tibetan Civilization
1079:Tibetan Civilization
921:European exploration
875:MingāTibet relations
840:Era of Fragmentation
723:Zhang-Zhung language
707:Khri-mang-slon-rtsan
701:or Trimang LƶntsƤn (
656:Khri-srong-lde-btsan
575:Tibetan Civilization
191:Zhang-Zhung language
161:class=notpageimage|
32:Zhang-Zhung language
5453:Tibetan archaeology
5392:Religion portal
5139:Temple of the Tooth
5018:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
4057:UpÄsaka and UpÄsikÄ
3550:BodhipakkhiyÄdhammÄ
3333:Two truths doctrine
3153:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2953:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2328:Regional Government
2305:CIA Tibetan program
2288:Serfdom controversy
2172:Traditional regions
2023:Simla Accord (1914)
1945:2008 Tibetan unrest
1769:List of Qing ambans
1714:Phagmodrupa dynasty
1011:Purang-Guge Kingdom
850:Phagmodrupa dynasty
717:Zhangzhung language
544:Khyunglung NgĆ¼lkhar
257:ā¢ Conquest of
244:ā¢ Established
233:Classical Antiquity
5314:Western philosophy
4912:Dzong architecture
4734:Vipassana movement
4729:Buddhist modernism
4157:Emperor Wen of Sui
3925:PratyekabuddhayÄna
3858:Threefold Training
3660:Vipassana movement
3376:Hungry Ghost realm
3196:AvidyÄ (Ignorance)
3143:Puį¹į¹a MantÄnÄ«putta
2892:Great Renunciation
2887:Eight Great Events
2769:
2642:(ceremonial scarf)
2613:Dzong architecture
2430:Imperial Preceptor
2300:Sovereignty debate
2246:Etymology of Tibet
1858:Lhasa riot of 1750
1853:Jinchuan campaigns
1838:Battle of Dartsedo
1756:Qing dynasty rule
1699:Yuan dynasty rule
1673:(9thā13th century)
640:
5400:
5399:
5038:Om mani padme hum
4744:Women in Buddhism
4660:Buddhist councils
4530:Western countries
4318:MadhyamakÄlaį¹kÄra
4079:Shaolin Monastery
3656:Samatha-vipassanÄ
3266:PratÄ«tyasamutpÄda
3070:Metteyya/Maitreya
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2817:Four Noble Truths
2727:
2726:
2692:
2691:
2384:
2383:
2348:
2347:
2251:Foreign relations
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2052:
2051:
1908:QinghaiāTibet War
1878:Sikkim expedition
1868:DograāTibetan War
1863:Sino-Nepalese War
1798:political leaders
1776:Post-Qing to 1950
1729:Rinpungpa dynasty
1640:(7thā9th century)
1500:The Tibet Journal
1493:The Tibet Journal
1471:The Tibet Journal
1335:www.ligmincha.org
1062:Karmey, Samten G.
1048:978-90-04-15520-6
982:
981:
855:Rinpungpa dynasty
699:Mangsong Mangtsen
674:attacked Songzhou
571:Rolf Alfred Stein
477:
476:
473:
472:
458:Standard Mandarin
419:
418:
366:
365:
344:
343:
340:
339:
306:
305:
16:(Redirected from
5460:
5390:
5389:
5378:
5377:
5217:Sacred languages
5065:Maya Devi Temple
5028:Mahabodhi Temple
4832:Secular Buddhism
4797:Engaged Buddhism
3637:
3485:Tibetan Buddhism
3436:Vietnamese Thiį»n
3035:MahÄsthÄmaprÄpta
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2705:
2643:
2420:Tibetan Buddhism
2393:
2359:
2229:
2219:
2067:
2063:
1925:Battle of Chamdo
1903:Sino-Tibetan War
1759:
1722:
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1692:
1674:
1664:
1651:List of emperors
1641:
1623:
1604:Historical money
1579:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1532:
1527:
1438:Hummel, Siegbert
1399:
1398:
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1349:
1346:
1337:. Archived from
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1175:, No, 33. Tokyo.
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996:Ngari Prefecture
991:History of Tibet
974:
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960:
948:China portal
946:
945:
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935:
934:
911:Historical money
812:
802:
784:
600:
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591:Lake Manasarovar
584:
558:", southwest of
529:Lahaul and Spiti
500:Tibetan Buddhism
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4885:Ordination hall
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4719:Buddhist crisis
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4280:Mahayana sutras
4256:
4252:ThĆch Nhįŗ„t Hįŗ”nh
4083:
3956:
3896:
3846:Bodhisattva vow
3531:
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3337:
3296:Taį¹hÄ (Craving)
3231:Five hindrances
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2167:
2144:Tibetan Plateau
2139:Rongbuk Glacier
2125:Yarlung Tsangpo
2048:
1961:
1888:Batang uprising
1810:
1804:
1757:
1751:Khoshut Khanate
1739:Ganden Phodrang
1734:Tsangpa dynasty
1720:
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1690:
1672:
1662:
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1633:Yarlung dynasty
1621:
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1525:
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1481:
1479:Further reading
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1408:
1403:
1402:
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1357:
1353:
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1341:on 2005-12-30.
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986:Zhangzhung Meri
978:
942:
940:
937:Asia portal
929:
870:Ganden Phodrang
865:Khoshut Khanate
860:Tsangpa dynasty
830:Yarlung dynasty
820:Neolithic Tibet
800:
793:
782:
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748:Cultural legacy
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4951:
4949:Greco-Buddhist
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4900:Burmese pagoda
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4682:Greco-Buddhism
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4324:Abhidharmadīpa
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4242:B. R. Ambedkar
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4162:Songtsen Gampo
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3841:Eight precepts
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3612:Five Strengths
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3251:Mental factors
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2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1793:PRC annexation
1785:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1681:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:List of rulers
1591:
1585:
1583:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1507:External links
1505:
1504:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1442:On Zhang-zhung
1435:
1428:
1413:Allen, Charles
1409:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1371:
1351:
1322:
1311:
1290:
1261:
1245:Allen, Charles
1237:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1177:
1164:
1138:
1123:
1107:Allen, Charles
1099:
1070:
1054:
1047:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
980:
979:
977:
976:
969:
962:
954:
951:
950:
926:
925:
924:
923:
918:
916:List of rulers
913:
908:
900:
899:
895:
894:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
835:Tibetan Empire
832:
827:
822:
814:
813:
805:
804:
795:
794:
787:
781:
778:
770:Vedic religion
762:Gautama Buddha
749:
746:
718:
715:
711:Songtsen Gampo
694:
691:
648:Trisong Detsen
644:Songtsen Gampo
637:Tibetan Empire
624:
621:
612:
609:
607:
604:
512:
509:
475:
474:
471:
470:
467:
461:
460:
454:
453:
452:Transcriptions
445:
444:
435:
429:
428:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
404:
403:
402:Transcriptions
395:
394:
387:
381:
380:
373:
372:
364:
363:
350:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
330:
328:Tibetan Empire
324:
323:
316:
307:
304:
303:
298:
286:
285:
280:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:Songtsen Gampo
256:
253:
252:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
226:
225:Historical era
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
159:
158:
149:
148:
147:
146:
135:
134:
133:
120:
119:
118:
107:
103:
102:
101:
90:
89:
88:
74:
73:
72:
71:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
51:
50:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5465:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5443:Iron Age Asia
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5381:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5154:Miscellaneous
5151:
5145:
5144:Vegetarianism
5142:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4966:Buddha in art
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:United States
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4177:Padmasambhava
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4089:Major figures
4086:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4035:Western tulku
4033:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Five precepts
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Dhamma vicaya
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:BuddhÄbhiį¹£eka
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:Enlightenment
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:Dhamma theory
3214:
3212:
3211:Buddha-nature
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Samantabhadra
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
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1153:on 2010-05-28
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774:Mount Kailash
771:
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742:Sutlej Valley
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569:According to
567:
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564:Sutlej Valley
561:
560:Mount Kailash
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83:
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69:
60:
57:500 BCā625 AD
52:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5332:Bodhisattvas
5252:Christianity
5247:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć Faith
5112:Dharmachakra
5102:Prayer wheel
5092:Prayer beads
4860:Architecture
4739:969 Movement
4523:Saudi Arabia
4501:Central Asia
4494:South Africa
4316:
4299:
4232:Panchen Lama
4137:BuddhapÄlita
3733:Satipatthana
3728:Mindful Yoga
3641:Recollection
3555:Brahmavihara
3426:Japanese Zen
3421:Chinese Chan
3381:Animal realm
3188:Key concepts
3010:Bodhisattvas
2822:Three Jewels
2659:
2652:
2638:
2586:sand mandala
2578:
2571:
2512:Sinicization
2484:Panchen Lama
2479:Lhamo La-tso
2462:Ganden Tripa
2256:Human rights
2130:Grand Canyon
2110:Namcha Barwa
2103: /
1781:Tibetan Army
1679:Guge kingdom
1627:
1526:(in Catalan)
1499:
1492:
1485:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1441:
1431:
1416:
1383:
1376:. Retrieved
1361:
1354:
1342:
1339:the original
1334:
1325:
1314:
1298:
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1269:
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1248:
1240:
1224:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:the original
1141:
1133:
1110:
1102:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1037:
1030:
824:
751:
726:
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681:
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659:
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641:
614:
580:
574:
573:, author of
568:
551:
543:
533:
527:, including
514:
483:
479:
478:
465:Hanyu Pinyin
283:Succeeded by
282:
277:
150:
138:
123:
106:
94:Hephthalites
93:
77:
36:
5177:Dharma talk
5006:Asalha Puja
4802:Eschatology
4605:Switzerland
4585:New Zealand
4513:Middle East
4422:Philippines
4342:Afghanistan
4147:Bodhidharma
4132:Buddhaghosa
4052:Householder
3962:Monasticism
3915:Bodhisattva
3770:Prostration
3723:Mindfulness
3651:Anapanasati
3634:Kammaį¹į¹hÄna
3431:Korean Seon
3371:Asura realm
3366:Human realm
3306:Ten Fetters
3261:Parinirvana
3163:Uppalavanna
3128:MahÄkaccana
3113:MahÄkassapa
3045:Kį¹£itigarbha
3040:ÄkÄÅagarbha
2937:SuddhodÄna
2882:Four sights
2809:Foundations
2596:wall murals
2500:Catholicism
2084:Environment
1758:(1720ā1912)
1721:(1368ā1644)
1701:(1270ā1350)
1622:(Neolithic)
1620:Prehistory
799:History of
661:Tang Annals
589:(Tise) and
587:Mt. KailÄÅa
278:Preceded by
5407:Categories
5294:Psychology
5274:Gnosticism
5262:Comparison
5257:Influences
5239:Comparison
5122:Bhavacakra
5080:Kushinagar
5055:Pilgrimage
5001:MÄgha PÅ«jÄ
4956:Bodhi Tree
4772:Buddhology
4762:Abhidharma
4754:Philosophy
4687:Menander I
4555:Costa Rica
4506:Uzbekistan
4347:Bangladesh
4301:Dhammapada
4285:Pali Canon
4247:Ajahn Chah
4227:Dalai Lama
4127:KumÄrajÄ«va
4122:Vasubandhu
4097:The Buddha
4005:Zen master
3940:Sakadagami
3920:Buddhahood
3851:Pratimokį¹£a
3666:Shikantaza
3622:Meditation
3597:Deity yoga
3468:Madhyamaka
3361:Deva realm
3256:Mindstream
3206:Bodhicitta
3118:Aį¹
gulimÄla
2985:Devadatta
2961:YaÅodharÄ
2864:The Buddha
2854:Middle Way
2679:Tibetology
2648:Literature
2467:Dalai Lama
2320:Government
2278:Tibet Area
2273:Golden Urn
2239:Parliament
1764:Lifan Yuan
1691:(960ā1279)
1628:Zhangzhung
1613:Chronology
1440:. (2000).
1378:31 October
1109:. (1999).
1017:References
825:Zhangzhung
693:677 revolt
635:under the
617:Chang Tang
536:Khyunglung
484:Shangshung
480:Zhangzhung
469:XiĆ ngxiĆ³ng
371:Zhangzhung
207:Government
151:Zhangzhung
43:Zhangzhung
5362:Festivals
5342:Buddhists
5304:Theosophy
5107:Symbolism
5097:Hama yumi
5070:Bodh Gaya
4837:Socialism
4812:Evolution
4787:Economics
4625:Venezuela
4540:Australia
4535:Argentina
4459:Sri Lanka
4454:Singapore
4372:Indonesia
4334:Countries
4275:Tripiį¹aka
4237:Ajahn Mun
4112:Nagarjuna
4107:AÅvaghoį¹£a
3990:AnagÄrika
3985:ÅrÄmaį¹erÄ«
3980:ÅrÄmaį¹era
3975:Bhikkhunī
3935:SotÄpanna
3824:Passaddhi
3765:Offerings
3740:Nekkhamma
3617:Iddhipada
3537:Practices
3507:Theravada
3480:Vajrayana
3473:Yogachara
3443:Pure Land
3356:Six Paths
3343:Cosmology
3123:Anuruddha
3098:SÄriputta
3088:Kaundinya
3080:Disciples
3055:VajrapÄį¹i
2907:Footprint
2872:TathÄgata
2661:Chronicle
2623:Festivals
2435:Dpon-chen
2405:Languages
2400:Education
2149:Changtang
2091:Mountains
2058:Geography
1966:Documents
1811:conflicts
1663:(618ā907)
1582:Overviews
1415:. (1999)
1280:(cloth);
1157:April 14,
1089:(cloth);
1022:Citations
880:Qing rule
845:Yuan rule
766:Shambhala
738:Jangshung
633:Kyunglung
197:Religion
181:Kyunglung
139:Vakatakas
108:Sassanian
5428:Dzogchen
5380:Category
5309:Violence
5279:Hinduism
5227:Sanskrit
5182:Hinayana
5167:AmitÄbha
5127:Swastika
4996:Uposatha
4986:Holidays
4971:Calendar
4817:Humanism
4655:Kanishka
4645:Timeline
4469:Thailand
4437:Kalmykia
4432:Buryatia
4417:Pakistan
4402:Mongolia
4397:Maldives
4392:Malaysia
4357:Cambodia
4222:Shamarpa
4217:Nichiren
4167:Xuanzang
4102:Nagasena
4020:Rinpoche
3750:PÄramitÄ
3592:Devotion
3512:Navayana
3500:Dzogchen
3463:Nichiren
3411:Mahayana
3403:Branches
3281:Saį¹
khÄra
3030:MaƱjuÅrÄ«
2987:(cousin)
2979:(cousin)
2947:(mother)
2939:(father)
2927:Miracles
2877:Birthday
2794:Glossary
2767:Buddhism
2719:Category
2603:Calendar
2537:Diaspora
2410:Religion
2214:Politics
2115:Tanggula
2105:Changtse
1809:Wars and
1684:Tsongkha
1646:Timeline
1589:Timeline
1566:articles
1309:, p. 43.
1064:(1979).
1001:Shambala
939:•
906:Timeline
898:See also
890:PRC rule
790:a series
788:Part of
780:See also
729:Kinnauri
229:Iron Age
217:Brtsanpo
211:Monarchy
18:Shantong
5357:Temples
5337:Buddhas
5299:Science
5289:Judaism
5284:Jainism
5202:Lineage
5162:AbhijƱÄ
5132:Thangka
5075:Sarnath
5060:Lumbini
4981:Funeral
4976:Cuisine
4852:Culture
4827:Reality
4777:Creator
4767:Atomism
4637:History
4610:Ukraine
4570:Germany
4489:Senegal
4479:Vietnam
4407:Myanmar
4207:Shinran
4197:Karmapa
4172:Shandao
4142:DignÄga
4067:ÅrÄvaka
4047:Donchee
4042:Kappiya
4000:Sayadaw
3970:Bhikkhu
3945:AnÄgÄmi
3902:Nirvana
3868:Samadhi
3755:Paritta
3696:Tonglen
3691:Mandala
3646:Smarana
3627:Mantras
3575:Upekkha
3545:Bhavana
3495:Shingon
3448:Tiantai
3301:TathÄtÄ
3291:ÅÅ«nyatÄ
3286:Skandha
3276:Saį¹sÄra
3271:Rebirth
3246:Kleshas
3236:Indriya
3138:Subhūti
3023:Guanyin
2977:Änanda
2969:RÄhula
2849:Nirvana
2789:Outline
2703:Outline
2667:writers
2608:Cuisine
2573:thangka
2554:Culture
2527:Changpa
2442:Nyingma
2389:Society
2354:Economy
2189:Ć-Tsang
2163:Valleys
2121:Rivers
2096:Kailash
1656:Lƶnchen
1638:Empire
1574:History
1406:Sources
670:Tuyuhun
606:History
494:to 625
433:Chinese
425:Chinese
391:ą½ą½ą¼ą½ą½“ą½ą¼
385:Tibetan
377:Tibetan
177:Capital
47:ą½ą½ą¼ą½ą½“ą½ą¼
5352:Sutras
5347:Suttas
5212:Siddhi
5197:Koliya
5172:BrahmÄ
5087:Poetry
5033:Mantra
5023:Kasaya
4895:Pagoda
4875:Kyaung
4870:VihÄra
4865:Temple
4807:Ethics
4650:Ashoka
4600:Sweden
4595:Poland
4590:Norway
4580:Mexico
4565:France
4550:Canada
4545:Brazil
4484:Africa
4464:Taiwan
4427:Russia
4352:Bhutan
4312:Vinaya
4192:Naropa
4182:Saraha
4117:Asanga
3873:PrajƱÄ
3782:Refuge
3745:Nianfo
3706:Tertƶn
3701:Tantra
3686:Ganana
3676:Tukdam
3602:DhyÄna
3570:Mudita
3565:Karuį¹Ä
3458:Risshū
3453:Huayan
3386:Naraka
3326:AnattÄ
3321:Dukkha
3316:Anicca
3221:Dharma
3173:Channa
3108:Änanda
3093:Assaji
3060:Skanda
2963:(wife)
2932:Family
2912:Relics
2837:Sangha
2832:Dharma
2827:Buddha
2654:Annals
2618:Emblem
2580:tsakli
2452:Jonang
2101:Lhotse
2045:(2008)
1744:Kashag
1564:
1448:
1423:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1369:
1345:
1305:
1284:
1276:
1255:
1231:
1117:
1093:
1085:
1045:
792:on the
756:named
754:Buddha
731:. The
682:Sum-ba
599:
595:
583:
556:Garuda
525:Ladakh
521:Khotan
517:Gilgit
511:Extent
415:ÉaÅÉuÅ
264:625 AD
251:500 BC
220:
168:AD 500
126:Empire
110:Empire
78:Alchon
5324:Lists
5192:Kalpa
5187:Iddhi
5050:Music
5045:Mudra
5011:Vassa
4991:Vesak
4961:Budai
4907:Candi
4890:Stupa
4822:Logic
4575:Italy
4474:Tibet
4412:Nepal
4382:Korea
4377:Japan
4367:India
4362:China
4307:Sutra
4262:Texts
4212:DÅgen
4202:HÅnen
4187:AtiÅa
4152:Zhiyi
4062:Achar
4030:Tulku
4025:Geshe
4010:RÅshi
3995:Ajahn
3950:Arhat
3910:Bodhi
3880:VÄ«rya
3797:Sacca
3792:Satya
3787:SÄdhu
3775:Music
3718:Merit
3711:Terma
3671:Zazen
3607:Faith
3560:MettÄ
3241:Karma
3201:Bardo
3168:Asita
3158:Khema
3148:UpÄli
3133:Nanda
2971:(son)
2945:MÄyÄ
2922:Films
2799:Index
2710:Index
2674:Music
2639:Khata
2542:Names
2532:Yolmo
2505:Islam
2457:Gelug
2447:Kagyu
2425:Sakya
2228:(TAR)
2194:Ngari
2079:Fauna
2074:Flora
1562:Tibet
801:Tibet
733:Bonpo
703:Wylie
666:Qiang
652:Wylie
548:Wylie
540:Wylie
488:Tibet
408:Lhasa
361:Nepal
357:India
353:China
231:? to
124:Gupta
5222:PÄįø·i
5207:MÄra
5117:Flag
4518:Iran
4442:Tuva
4387:Laos
4015:Lama
3863:ÅÄ«la
3831:ÅÄ«la
3819:PÄ«ti
3809:Sati
3760:Puja
3681:Koan
3587:DÄna
3178:Yasa
3065:TÄrÄ
2628:Flag
2567:rugs
2489:list
2472:list
2261:LGBT
2184:Kham
2179:Amdo
1446:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1392:....
1380:2022
1367:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1159:2010
1115:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1006:Guge
686:Amdo
581:"...
427:name
379:name
81:Huns
5423:Bon
4944:Art
4880:Wat
3416:Zen
2562:Art
2415:Bon
546:or
504:Bon
492:BCE
482:or
411:IPA
201:Bƶn
5409::
4446:ru
1382:.
1333:.
1247:.
1126:^
705::
654::
566:.
550::
542::
496:CE
440:č±”é
249:c.
166:c.
55:c.
4448:)
4444:(
3662:)
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