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their imminent destruction. However, a wise man from another village suggested that every family should hang red lanterns around their houses, set up bonfires on the streets, and explode firecrackers on the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth lunisolar days. This would give the village the appearance of being on fire to the Jade
Emperor. On the fifteenth lunisolar day, troops sent down from heaven whose mission was to destroy the village saw that the village was already ablaze, and returned to heaven to report to the Jade Emperor. Satisfied, the Jade Emperor decided not to burn down the village. From that day on, people celebrate the anniversary on the fifteenth lunisolar day every year by carrying lanterns on the streets and exploding firecrackers and fireworks.
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solving the riddles, which is called "breaking/solving lantern riddles". The theme of riddles can be drawn from classics, biographies, poetry, the various philosophers' well-known stories and novels, proverbs, (the names of) all kinds of birds, animals, and insects, as well as flowers, grasses, vegetables, and herbs. Participants can tear off the riddle of the lantern and let the host verify their answers. Those who answer the correct answer can get a "riddle reward", including ink, paper, writing brushes, ink slabs, fans, perfumed sachets, fruit, or eatables.
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filling processes. It can be boiled, fried or steamed, each has independent taste. However, they are very similar in shape and taste, so most people do not distinguish them for convenience and consider them as the same thing. Chinese people believe that the round shape of the balls and the bowls in which they are served symbolize family togetherness, and that eating tangyuan or yuanxiao may bring the family harmony, happiness and luck in the new year.
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pretended to be the red fairy. When people asked for her help, she said that she had a copy of a decree from the God of Fire that should be taken to the emperor. After she left, people went to the palace to show the emperor the decree which stated that the capital city would burn down on the fifteenth. When the emperor asked
Dongfang Shuo for advice, the latter said that the God of Fire liked to eat
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in this life, she would rather die. Shuo promised to find a way to reunite her with her family. Shuo left the palace and set up a fortune-telling stall on the street. Due to his reputation, many people asked for their fortunes to be told but everyone got the same prediction – a calamitous fire on the
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to worship the God of Fire at the same time. Also, every house in the city should hang red lantern and explode fire crackers. Lastly, everyone in the palace and people outside the city should carry their lanterns on the street to watch the lantern decorations and fireworks. The Jade
Emperor would be
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The emperor happily followed the plan. Lanterns were everywhere in the capital city on the night of the fifteenth lunisolar day and people were walking on the street and there were noisy firecrackers. It looked as if the entire city was on fire. Yuan-Xiao's parents went into the palace to watch the
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and the imperial palace to light lanterns on that evening. From there it developed into a folk custom. Another likely origin is the celebration of "the declining darkness of winter" and community's ability to "move about at night with human-made light," namely, lanterns. During the Han dynasty, the
1258:
The lantern riddle, according to
Japanese scholars, became popular as early as the Northern Song dynasty (960–1126). The lantern riddles are done by a host blocking one side of the lantern and pasting riddles on the remaining three sides of the lanterns. Participants will guess the blocked side by
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Eaten during the
Lantern Festival, tangyuan '湯圓' (Southern China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia) or yuanxiao '元宵' (Northern China) is a glutinous rice ball typically filled with sweet red bean paste, sesame paste, or peanut butter. Tangyuan is different from yuanxiao due to different manual making and
940:
Everyone was worried about the future so they asked
Dongfang Shuo for help. Dongfang Shuo said that on the thirteenth lunisolar day, the God of Fire would send a fairy in red riding a black horse to burn down the city. When people saw the fairy they should ask for her mercy. On that day, Yuan-Xiao
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was a favorite adviser of the emperor. One winter day, he went to the garden and heard a little girl crying and getting ready to jump into a well to commit suicide. Shuo stopped her and asked why. She said she was Yuan-Xiao, a maid in the emperor's palace and that she never had a chance to see her
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in heaven because the crane was his favorite. So, he planned a storm of fire to destroy the village on the fifteenth lunisolar day. The Jade
Emperor's daughter warned the inhabitants of her father's plan to destroy their village. The village was in turmoil because nobody knew how they could escape
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and noblemen had large ornate lanterns. In modern times, lanterns have been embellished with many complex designs. For example, lanterns are now often made in the shape of animals. The lanterns can symbolize the people letting go of their past selves and getting new ones, which they will let go of
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In the early days, young people were chaperoned in the streets in hopes of finding love. Matchmakers acted busily in hopes of pairing couples. The brightest lanterns were symbolic of good luck and hope. As time has passed, the festival no longer has such implications in most of
Mainland China,
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Province, for example, holds a lantern fair each year in
Culture Park. During the Lantern Festival, the park is a virtual ocean of lanterns. Many new designs attract large numbers of visitors. The most eye-catching lantern is the Dragon Pole. This is a lantern in the shape of a golden dragon,
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is the Taoist deity responsible for good fortune. His birthday falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunisolar month. It is said that
Tianguan likes all types of entertainment, so followers prepare various kinds of activities during which they pray for good fortune.
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Another legend associates with the Lantern Festival with an ancient warrior named Lan Moon, who led a rebellion against the tyrannical king in ancient China. He was killed in the storming of the city and the successful rebels commemorated the festival in his name.
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in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days. The emperor also lifted the curfew, allowing the people to enjoy the festive lanterns day and night. It is not difficult to find Chinese poems which describe this happy scene.
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have adopted electric and neon lanterns, which can often be seen beside their traditional paper or wooden counterparts. Another popular activity at this festival is guessing lantern riddles, a tradition which dates back to the Song dynasty.
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Yet another common legend dealing with the origins of the Lantern Festival speaks of a beautiful crane that flew down to earth from heaven. After it landed on earth it was hunted and killed by some villagers. This angered the
889:, the first emperor of China, all the emperors ordered splendid ceremonies each year. The emperor would ask Taiyi to bring favorable weather and good health to him and his people.
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For each Festival celebrated, a switch in the Chinese Zodiac takes place. For example, 2022—the year of the tiger; 2023—the year of the rabbit (water rabbit); and so on.
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directed special attention to this event. In 104 BC, he proclaimed it to be one of the most important celebrations and the ceremony would last throughout the night.
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lantern decorations and were reunited with their daughter. The emperor decreed that people should do the same thing every year. Since Yuan-Xiao cooked the best
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There are several beliefs about the origin of the Lantern Festival. However, its roots trace back more than 2,000 years and is popularly linked to the reign of
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Today, the displaying of lanterns is still a major event on the fifteenth day of the first lunisolar month throughout China.
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at his beck and call and he decided when to inflict drought, storms, famine or pestilence upon human beings. Beginning with
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during the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. It includes acrobatic performances, operas, magic shows and setting off
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invited envoys from other countries to China to see the colourful lighted lanterns and enjoy the gala performances.
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This article is about the Lantern Festival in China. For related festivals in the East Asian cultural sphere, see
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Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
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62:
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Another legend about the origins of Lantern Festival involves a maid named Yuan-Xiao. In the Han dynasty,
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Sometimes if Mid-Autumn Festival is near National Day, Mid-Autumn Festival may be in the golden week.
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family since she started working there. If she could not have the chance to show her
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spiraling up a 38-meter-high pole, spewing fireworks from its mouth. Cities such as
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Art, Religion, and Politics in Medieval China: The Dunhuang Cave of the Zhai Family
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on the fifteenth lunisolar day and the emperor should order every house to prepare
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the next year. The lanterns are almost always red to symbolize good fortune.
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Statues of mother and daughter celebrating the Lantern Festival. Xi'an
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1594:"China Lantern Festival: Customs, Activities, Glutinous Rice Balls"
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760:(206 BC–AD 25), it had become a festival with great significance.
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This painting, by an imperial court painter in 1485, depicts the
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1640:. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. pp. 33–40.
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day on the Chinese calendar. It should not be confused with the
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During the Lantern Festival, children go out at night carrying
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There is one legend that states that it was a time to worship
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1788:"Do you know the Differences between Yuanxiao and Tangyuan"
1689:"Origin of Lantern Festival: Legends of Yuan Xiao Festival"
841:. Emperor Ming, an advocate of Buddhism, noticed Buddhist
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Red lanterns, often seen during the festivities in China
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deceived and everyone would avoid the disastrous fire.
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The Full Moons: Topical Letters In Esoteric Astrology
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298:
284:
1897:
Richard C, Rudolph. "Notes on the Riddle in China".
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Another legend associates the Lantern Festival with
748:. Usually falling in February or early March on the
201:(in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos)
2008:
1969:
1293:, a list of various festivals associated with light
937:fifteenth lunisolar day. The rumor spread quickly.
854:festival was connected to Ti Yin, the deity of the
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1860:Chinese Festivals: Traditions, Customs and Rituals
1368:"Traditional Chinese Festivals: Lantern Festival"
1638:Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China
1287:, the Japanese Buddhist Festival held in August
1428:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–28.
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1215:enjoying the festivities with families in the
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1862:(Second ed.). Beijing. pp. 26–29.
1538:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture
964:, people called the day Yuan-Xiao Festival.
752:, it marks the final day of the traditional
1820:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 131.
1767:"元宵节的由来和传说(the Origin of Lantern Festival)"
1616:"Water Lantern Festival – Tickets on Sale!"
1947:
1933:
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1882:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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849:. As a result, he ordered all households,
847:fifteenth day of the first lunisolar month
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1848:, 1.1 (Jan. 1942), pp. 65–82 (pp. 75–79).
1691:. Chinatraveldesigner.com. Archived from
1462:. Birmingham Chinese Festival Association
947:(sweet dumplings). Yuan-Xiao should cook
27:Last day of Chinese New Year celebrations
1664:China, Japan, Korea: Culture and Customs
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2174:Observances set by the Chinese calendar
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1748:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1271:, the Korean festival on the same day
7:
1769:. news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from
1291:Festival of Lights (disambiguation)
767:and solve riddles on the lanterns (
144:15th day of the 1st lunisolar month
1596:. Travelchinaguide.com. 2015-02-14
1393:World Religions at Your Fingertips
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67:Lantern Festival celebrated in
1334:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 514–515.
1330:. In Melton, J. Gordon (ed.).
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1792:www.chinaeducationaltours.com
2144:Buddhist festivals in Taiwan
1842:Notes on the Riddle in China
1512:"Red Lanterns of Prosperity"
1299:, the New Year for Trees in
499:"15th Night" / "Top Primary"
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1636:Stepanchuk, Carol (1991).
1488:. HHS News. Archived from
1328:"Lantern Festival (China)"
1281:) festival held in January
1131:6th century and afterwards
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1997:
1614:Festival, Water Lantern.
1536:Davis, Edward L. (2009).
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544:Tsa̍p-gōo-mê / Siōng-guân
530:Cha̍p-gō͘-mê / Siōng-goân
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131:Flying of paper lanterns;
60:
1963:Public holidays in China
1157:By the beginning of the
801:The festival acts as an
561:Traditional Chinese
483:Traditional Chinese
228:Traditional Chinese
32:First Full Moon Festival
1565:Artley, Malvin (2014).
1396:. Penguin Group. 2009.
873:Taiwan Lantern Festival
577:Simplified Chinese
242:Simplified Chinese
2159:Festivals in Hong Kong
1620:Water Lantern Festival
1150:in the sixth century,
1143:
981:Taiwan, or Hong Kong.
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258:"Prime Night Festival"
1840:Richard C. Rudolph, '
1275:Sagichō Fire Festival
1176:in southwest China's
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989:Further information:
872:
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120:Marks the end of the
2149:February observances
1858:Wei, Liming (2010).
1814:Ning, Qiang (2011).
1542:Taylor & Francis
1492:on 28 September 2018
1422:Wei, Liming (2011).
1141:Qinhuai Lantern Fair
985:Tangyuan or Yuanxiao
2036:Mid-Autumn Festival
1237:), walk on stilts (
807:Mid-Autumn Festival
769:traditional Chinese
758:Western Han dynasty
691:traditional Chinese
657:traditional Chinese
112:Cultural, Religious
18:Shang Yuan Festival
2154:Festivals in China
1460:"Lantern Festival"
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777:simplified Chinese
750:Gregorian calendar
699:simplified Chinese
687:Shangyuan Festival
667:simplified Chinese
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2169:March observances
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2021:Qingming Festival
1435:978-0-52118-659-9
1425:Chinese Festivals
1341:978-1-5988-4206-7
1324:Melton, J. Gordon
1243:), riddle games (
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442:Guân-siau-tsiat
428:Goân-siau-chiat
352:Nyioe siau tsih
294:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
255:Literal meaning
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173:Related to
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1971:Golden weeks
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1795:. Retrieved
1791:
1771:the original
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1726:the original
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1683:
1667:. Ju Brown.
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1609:
1598:. Retrieved
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1515:
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1494:. Retrieved
1490:the original
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1464:. Retrieved
1441:February 15,
1439:. Retrieved
1424:
1392:
1371:. Retrieved
1347:February 15,
1345:. Retrieved
1331:
1285:Bon Festival
1257:
1227:
1221:firecrackers
1171:
1167:Song dynasty
1164:
1159:Tang dynasty
1156:
1152:Emperor Yang
1145:
1139:Lanterns in
1111:
1097:
1083:
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1027:
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998:
979:
976:Finding love
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934:filial piety
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921:Jade Emperor
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832:
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734:Cha̍p-gō͘-mê
732:
716:
710:
686:
682:Yuánxiāo jié
680:
652:
650:
627:Shàngyuánjié
621:Hanyu Pinyin
514:Southern Min
477:Hokkien Name
412:Southern Min
387:jyun siu zit
373:Yùhn-sīu jit
346:Romanization
286:Yuánxiāo jié
280:Hanyu Pinyin
208:(in Vietnam)
117:Significance
92:
82:Yuánxiāo jié
80:
1482:"China HHS"
1194:Festivities
1148:Sui dynasty
1146:During the
897:Han dynasty
839:Han dynasty
835:Emperor Wen
450:Eastern Min
168:12 February
160:24 February
128:Observances
2133:Categories
1797:2019-02-24
1735:2014-08-13
1699:2015-12-17
1600:2015-12-17
1307:References
1229:Lion dance
893:Emperor Wu
856:North Star
729:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
717:Cap Go Meh
308:Wade–Giles
198:Magha Puja
194:(in Japan)
191:Koshōgatsu
187:(in Korea)
180:(in Tibet)
152:5 February
2087:Hong Kong
1878:cite book
1521:13 August
1496:13 August
1466:April 27,
1373:14 August
1279:Shintoist
1269:Daeboreum
1125:Tang Yuan
971:Tradition
819:Singapore
811:Indonesia
790:cāidēngmí
746:full moon
739:lunisolar
184:Daeboreum
2123:Holidays
1744:cite web
1516:BBC News
1326:(2011).
1263:See also
1187:Shanghai
1183:Hangzhou
1112:Tangyuan
1098:Tangyuan
1084:Tangyuan
1070:Tangyuan
1056:Yuanxiao
1042:Yuanxiao
1028:Yuanxiao
1013:Yuanxiao
995:Yuanxiao
962:tangyuan
953:tangyuan
949:tangyuan
944:tangyuan
908:Tianguan
815:Malaysia
803:Uposatha
599:festival
489:十五暝 / 上元
381:Jyutping
135:tangyuan
71:at night
2111:Society
2061:Portals
1984:Chunyun
1178:Sichuan
1174:Chengdu
1165:In the
895:of the
883:dragons
851:temples
837:of the
795:emperor
721:Chinese
521:Hokkien
419:Hokkien
104:Chinese
2075:Taiwan
1866:
1824:
1671:
1644:
1573:
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1432:
1400:
1338:
904:Taoism
829:Origin
817:, and
787::
785:pinyin
779::
771::
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709::
707:pinyin
701::
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679::
677:pinyin
669::
659::
597:great
595:first
538:Tâi-lô
457:Fuzhou
436:Tâi-lô
69:Tainan
2099:China
1729:(PDF)
1722:(PDF)
879:Taiyi
843:monks
1884:link
1864:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1750:link
1669:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1523:2014
1498:2014
1468:2019
1443:2014
1430:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1375:2014
1349:2014
1336:ISBN
1185:and
993:and
651:The
141:Date
109:Type
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1252:耍龍燈
1246:猜燈謎
1240:踩高蹺
781:猜灯谜
773:猜燈謎
725:十五暝
703:上元节
695:上元節
672:元宵节
662:元宵節
584:上元节
568:上元節
524:POJ
460:BUC
422:POJ
395:IPA
322:IPA
248:元宵节
234:元宵節
88:元宵節
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