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within the circuit of the wall on that side where the Palace abutteth on the Citie wall, into which none can enter but by the Palace. In this enclosure or Parke are goodly meadows, springs, rivers, red and fallow Deere, Fawnes carrying thither for the Hawkes (of whom are three mewed above two hundred
Gerfalcons which he goeth once a week to see) and he often useth one Leopard or more, sitting on Horses, which he setteth upon the Stagges and Deere, and having taken the beast, giveth it to the Gerfalcons, and in beholding this spectacle he taketh wonderful delight. In the middest in a faire wood he hath a royall House on pillars gilded and varnished, on every inch of which is a Dragon all gilt, which windeth his tayle about the pillar, which his head bearing up the loft, as also with his wings displayed on both sides; the cover also is of Reeds gilt and varnished, so that the rayne can doe it no injury; the reeds being three handfuls thick and ten yards log, split from knot to knot. The house itselfe also may be sundered, and taken downe like a Tent and erected again. For it is sustained, when it is set up, with two hundred silken cordes. Great Chan useth to dwell there three moneths in the yeare, to wit, in June, July and August.
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before him as things with a parallel production of the correspondent expressions, without any sensation or consciousness of effort. On awakening he appeared to himself to have a distinct recollection of the whole, and taking his pen, ink, and paper, instantly and eagerly wrote down the lines that are here preserved. "A person on business from
Porlock" interrupted him and he was never able to recapture more than "some eight or ten scattered lines and images."
709:. The layout of the capital is roughly square shaped with sides of about 2.2 km (1.4 mi). It consists of an "outer city", and an "inner city" in the southeast of the capital which has also roughly a square layout with sides about 1.4 km (0.87 mi), and the palace, where Kublai Khan stayed in summer. The palace has sides of roughly 550 m (1,800 ft), covering an area of around 40% the size of the
408:
98:
257:
227:
36:
787:, referring to Coleridge's poem. Xanadu raised considerable interest in scientists after its radar image showed its terrain to be quite similar to earth's terrain with flowing rivers (probably of methane and ethane, not of water as they are on Earth), mountains (of ice, not conventional rock) and sand dunes.
872:
in length. They are cut across at each knot, and then the pieces are split so as to form from each two hollow tiles, and with these the house is roofed; only every such tile of cane has to be nailed down to prevent the wind from lifting it. In short, the whole Palace is built of these canes, which I
1079:
In the summer of the year 1797, the Author, then in ill health, had retired to a lonely farm-house between
Porlock and Linton, on the Exmoor confines of Somerset and Devonshire. In consequence of a slight indisposition, an anodyne had been prescribed, from the effects of which he fell asleep in his
1029:
In Xandu did Cublai Can build a stately
Pallace, encompassing sixteen miles of plaine ground with a wall, wherein are fertile Meddowes, pleasant Springs, delightfull streames, and all sorts of beasts of chase and game, and in the middest thereof a sumpuous house of pleasure, which may be moved from
1042:
This Citie is three dayes journey
Northeastward to the Citie Xandu, which the Chan Cublai now reigning built; erecting therein a marvellous and artificiall Palace of Marble and other stones, which abutteth on the wall on one side, and the midst of the Citie on the other. He included sixteene miles
755:
In 1872, Steven
Bushell, affiliated with the British Legation in Beijing, visited the site and reported that remains of temples, blocks of marble, and tiles were still to be found there. By the 1990s, all these artifacts were completely gone, most likely collected by the inhabitants of the nearby
1088:
The Author continued for about three hours in a profound sleep, at least of the external senses, during which time he has the most vivid confidence, that he could not have composed less than from two to three hundred lines; if that indeed can be called composition in which all the images rose up
880:
The Khan abides at this Park of his, dwelling sometimes in the Marble Palace and sometimes in the Cane Palace for three months of the year, to wit, June, July and August; preferring this residence because it is by no means hot; in fact it is a very cool place. When the 28th day of [the Moon of]
832:
and hawks, which he keeps there in mew. Of these there are more than 200 gerfalcons alone, without reckoning the other hawks. The Khan himself goes every week to see his birds sitting in mew, and sometimes he rides through the park with a leopard behind him on his horse's
827:
of 16 miles, and inside the Park there are fountains and rivers and brooks, and beautiful meadows, with all kinds of wild animals (excluding such as are of ferocious nature), which the
Emperor has procured and placed there to supply food for his
740:
from 1252 to 1256, and Liu implemented a "profoundly
Chinese scheme for the city's architecture". In 1264 it was renamed Shangdu by Kublai Khan. At its zenith, over 100,000 people lived within its walls. In 1369 Shangdu was occupied by the
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2194:
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August arrives he takes his departure, and the Cane Palace is taken to pieces. But I must tell you what happens when he goes away from this Palace every year on the 28th of the August ..."
816:
and painted with figures of men and beasts and birds, and with a variety of trees and flowers, all executed with such exquisite art that you regard them with delight and astonishment.
2452:
2079:
1390:
894:(the "Ukhaant Khan" or "Sage Khan"), concerning the loss of Daidu (Beijing) and Heibun Shanduu (Kaiping Xanadu) in 1368, is recorded in many Mongolian historical chronicles. The
877:; and it can all be taken to pieces and removed whithersoever the Emperor may command. When erected, it is braced against mishaps from the wind by more than 200 cords of silk.
713:
in
Beijing. The most visible modern-day remnants are the earthen walls though there is also a ground-level, circular brick platform in the centre of the inner enclosure.
873:
may mention serve also for a great variety of other useful purposes. The construction of the Palace is so devised that it can be taken down and put up again with great
837:; and then if he sees any animal that takes his fancy, he slips his leopard at it, and the game when taken is made over to feed the hawks in mew. This he does for
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1544:
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812:, you come to a city called Chandu, which was built by the Khan now reigning. There is at this place a very fine marble palace, the rooms of which are all
1796:
2593:
1429:
Purchas his
Pilgrimage: or Relations of the world and the Religions observed in all ages and places discovered, from the Creation unto this Present
1084:
Here the Khan Kubla commanded a palace to be built, and a stately garden thereunto. And thus ten miles of fertile ground were inclosed with a wall.
1023:
Purchas his Pilgrimes – or Relations of the world and the Religions observed in all ages and places discovered, from the Creation unto this Present
860:, and the claws likewise are stretched out right and left to support the architrave. The roof, like the rest, is formed of canes, covered with a
2598:
2065:
1747:
1636:
1442:
Purchas, Samuel (1625). "Chapter III: The first booke of Marcus Paulus Venetus, or of Master Marco Polo, a Gentleman of Venice, his Voyages".
2088:
1732:
427:, dated 1650. It also shows a Xandu east of Cambalu, where English maps placed it. Like some other European maps of the time, this map shows
1720:
763:
Today, only ruins remain, surrounded by a grassy mound that was once the city walls. Since 2002, a restoration effort has been undertaken.
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1602:
1401:
249:
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Coleridge's poem opens similarly to Purchas's description before proceeding to a vivid description of the palace's varied pleasures:
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1537:
1288:
1251:
596:
1068:", causing him to forget much of the dream, but his images of Shangdu became one of the best-known poems in the English language.
1942:
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1667:
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1907:
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1038:. The eleventh volume of this book included a more detailed description of Shangdu, attributed to Marco Polo and dated 1320:
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1988:
1975:
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1570:
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chair at the moment that he was reading the following sentence, or words of the same substance, in 'Purchas's Pilgrimes':
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columns, on each of which is a dragon all gilt, the tail of which is attached to the column whilst the head supports the
1851:
1621:
1530:
1168:
Tomoko, Masuya (2013). "Seasonal capitals with permanent buildings in the Mongol empire". In Durand-Guédy, David (ed.).
705:, 350 kilometres (220 mi) north of Beijing. It is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of the modern town of
620:
174:
617:
46:
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1871:
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1203:"Xanadu (China), Bassari Country (Senegal) and Grand Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire) added to UNESCO's World Heritage List"
439:
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181:
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In 1625 Purchas published an expanded edition of this book, recounting the voyages of famous travellers, called
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is widely believed to have visited Shangdu in about 1275. In about 1298–99, he dictated the following account:
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24:
848:, of which I must give you a description. It is gilt all over, and most elaborately finished inside. It is
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1961:
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1025:. This book contained a brief description of Shangdu, based on the early description of Marco Polo:
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2526:
2506:
2321:
2312:
2203:
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1607:
1258:
Liu Bingzhong implemented a preconceived and profoundly Chinese scheme for the city's architecture.
658:
126:
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2389:
2287:
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1968:
1737:
1060:, fell asleep, and had an opium-inspired dream. The dream caused him to begin the poem known as '
664:
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540:
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to construct their houses. The artwork is still seen in the walls of some Dolon Nor buildings.
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1424:
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1502:
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Moreover at a spot in the Park where there is a charming wood he has another Palace built of
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for its historical importance and for the unique blending of Mongolian and Chinese culture.
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2212:
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1954:
1935:
1575:
1173:
567:
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Lost the Golden Palace of the Wise Khan (Kublai), who is the reincarnation of all the gods,
2475:
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2326:
2030:
1928:
1893:
1856:
1704:
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1612:
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described Shangdu to Europeans after visiting it in 1275. It was conquered in 1369 by the
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891:
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1914:
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so strong and excellent that no amount of rain will rot them. These canes are a good 3
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118:
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When I left home, it was then that the jewel of religion and doctrine was left behind.
849:
407:
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2014:
1340:
1071:
Coleridge described how he wrote the poem in the preface to his collection of poems,
834:
737:
1448:. Vol. 14 (1906 reprint ed.). Glasgow, J. MacLehose and sons. p. 231.
824:
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and Pequin as two different cities, but they were in fact the same city, now called
2511:
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1921:
1553:
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1280:
896:
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in 1626 continued the tradition of showing "Cathaya, the Chief Kingdome of Great
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435:. When this map was made, Shangdu had been in ruins for almost three centuries.
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In the future may wise and enlightened bodhisattvas take heed and understand.
196:
183:
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2036:
1822:
1777:
1423:
Purchas, Samuel; Featherstone, Henry; Stansby, William; Adams, John (1614).
1147:
1135:
989:
Who is the golden seed of Genghis Khan the son of Khan Tengri (King Heaven).
905:
My Daidu, straight and wonderfully made of various jewels of different kinds
829:
757:
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639:
472:
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97:
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2019:
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2009:
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By the destiny willed by Khan Tengri (King Heaven) has lost dear Daidu,
861:
813:
745:, put to the torch and its name reverted to Kaiping. The last reigning
646:
432:
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1522:
628:
625:
490:
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300:
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139:
1206:
995:
From the fighters may Buqa-Temur Chinsan for ten thousand generations
991:
I hid the Jade Seal of the Lord Khan in my sleeve and left (the city)
977:
The bejeweled Hearth City, the revered sanctuary of the entire nation
845:
776:
746:
495:
456:
452:
1513:
Sites of the Yuan Dynasty Upper Capital (Xanadu) and Middle Capital
1064:'. Unfortunately Coleridge's writing was interrupted by an unnamed "
913:
Your pleasant mist when on early mornings I ascended to the heights!
2264:
993:
Fighting through a multitude of enemies, I broke through and left.
907:
My Yellow Steppe of Xanadu, the summer residence of ancient Khans.
838:
808:
And when you have ridden three days from the city last mentioned,
701:
Shangdu was located in what is now Shangdu Town, Zhenglan Banner,
438:
406:
2170:
1983:
1948:
1371:"Chapter 61: Of the City of Chandu, and the Kaan's Palace There"
1326:
1323:"Cassini Reveals Titan's Xanadu Region to Be an Earth-Like Land"
2061:
1526:
911:
My dear Daidu that I've lost on the year of the bald red rabbit
2579:
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Inner Mongolia
1308:
949:
My deadly mistake of not heeding the words of Lagan and Ibagu!
752:
fled the city, which was abandoned for several hundred years.
736:; 'open and flat'), was designed by Chinese architect
29:
1425:"Chapter XIII: Of the Religion of the Tartars, and Cathayans"
967:
In Kaiping Xanadu, I spent the summers in peaceful relaxation
933:
Where I sat holding the reputation of the Forty Tumen Mongols
588:
975:
The dear Daidu built by the extraordinary Wise Khan (Kublai)
925:
My eight-sided white stupa made of various precious objects.
1355:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
679:. Historical accounts of the city inspired the famous poem
582:
459:
is simply another name for China, the English cartographer
1344:
576:
61:
1516:
1052:
In 1797, according to his own account, the English poet
57:
923:
I became like a calf left behind on its native pastures
555:
53:
1150: – Mythical kingdom in Tibetan Buddhist tradition
935:
My dear City of Daidu, the iron stair has been broken.
929:
Where I sat holding the reputation of the Great Nation
983:
The Sage Khan, the reincarnation of all bodhisattvas,
973:
The awe-inspiring reputation carried by the Lord Khan
939:
My precious Daidu, from where I surveyed and observed
597:
579:
573:
386:
370:
356:
943:
My city with no winter residence to spend the winter
585:
2499:
2466:
2443:
2365:
2273:
2202:
2095:
2002:
1880:
1839:
1795:
1713:
1561:
963:
A conflicting bad name has come upon the Sage Khan.
915:
Lagan and Ibagu made it known to me, the Sage Khan.
570:
467:" to the northeast of China. On his map, he placed
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350:
343:
338:
326:
312:
289:
280:
173:
165:
157:
145:
135:
125:
107:
86:
1305:"Planetary Names: Albedo Feature: Xanadu on Titan"
997:Become a Khan in the golden line of the Lord Khan.
969:By a hapless error they have been lost – to China.
1113:And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,
1119:Enfolding sunny spots of greenery. (lines 1–11)
971:A circling bad name has come upon the Sage Khan.
951:The Cane Palace had been established in sanctity
1095:
1082:
1077:
1040:
1027:
957:An impure bad name has come upon the Sage Khan.
955:I have lost Kaiping Xanadu entirely – to China.
902:
806:
2541:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
2130:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
1464:Christabel, Kubla Khan, and the Pains of Sleep
1189:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1138: – 1235–1260 capital of the Mongol Empire
1073:Christabel, Kubla Khan, and the Pains of Sleep
419:spelled it) on the French map of Asia made by
2517:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
2073:
1538:
1115:Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
953:Kublai the Wise Khan spent his summers there!
931:My great square City of Daidu with four gates
919:Nobles born foolish cared not for their state
295:
56:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
8:
1753:Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty
1445:Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas his Pilgrimes
965:Jewel Daidu was built with many an adornment
638:'Middle Capital') which was renamed
81:
1144: – Fictional location in the Himalayas
1117:And here were forests ancient as the hills,
633:
513:
2080:
2066:
2058:
1545:
1531:
1523:
335:
96:
80:
1379:. Vol. 1. Translated by Yule, Henry.
1170:Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life
1111:With walls and towers were girdled round:
649:). Shangdu is located in the present-day
927:My City of Daidu made of the nine jewels
917:In full knowledge I let go of dear Daidu
1466:(2nd ed.). London: William Bulmer.
1431:. London: William Stansby. p. 415.
1160:
1007:On the Golden Lineage of Genghis Khan.
961:I have lost the whole of it – to China.
1748:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
1277:Kublai Khan: From Xanadu to Superpower
1005:May it go around and establish itself
999:Caught unaware I have lost dear Daidu.
508:
388:
277:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1109:So twice five miles of fertile ground
959:They besieged and took precious Daidu
945:My summer residence of Kaiping Xanadu
775:(IAU) gave a continent-sized area of
164:
156:
144:
134:
124:
106:
47:too many or overly lengthy quotations
7:
1508:Xanadu – World History Encyclopedia
1238:Shatzman Steinhardt, Nancy (1999).
909:My cool and pleasant Kaiping Xanadu
819:Round this Palace a wall is built,
2476:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
1104:Through caverns measureless to man
900:version is translated as follows:
471:east of the "Cathayan metropolis"
14:
1102:Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
2594:Former populated places in China
2211:Ancient Building Complex in the
2193:
1943:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
1806:Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns
773:International Astronomical Union
566:
255:
248:
225:
218:
34:
2352:Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries
1668:Second Mongol invasion of Burma
1225:Princeton University Art Museum
1187:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004).
1100:A stately pleasure-dome decree:
1066:person on business from Porlock
1017:In 1614, the English clergyman
616:moved his throne to the former
256:
226:
1693:Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
1400:(in Mongolian). Archived from
1240:Chinese imperial city planning
981:I have lost it all – to China.
732:
725:
721:
657:. In June 2012, it was made a
500:
387:
371:
357:
296:
16:Summer capital of Yuan dynasty
1:
2599:World Heritage Sites in China
2089:World Heritage Sites in China
1976:The Story of the Western Wing
1847:Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
1571:Division of the Mongol Empire
1191:. Facts on File. p. 605.
1056:was reading about Shangdu in
2228:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
1852:Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)
1603:conquest of the Song dynasty
1503:Shangdu Google Satellite Map
868:in girth, and from 10 to 15
810:between north-east and north
2111:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
1872:Jinan Great Southern Mosque
1131:List of mythological places
941:The Mongols of every place.
716:The city, originally named
560:), more popularly known as
556:
2620:
1758:Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia
1637:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
1244:University of Hawaii Press
239:Show map of Inner Mongolia
89:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
2298:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
2255:Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art
2191:
1673:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
1396:[Golden Button].
1376:The Travels of Marco Polo
947:My pleasant Yellow Steppe
624:
623:of Zhōngdū (Chinese:
545:
533:
486:
401:
334:
322:
308:
285:
212:
131:Cultural: ii, iii, iv, vi
95:
2589:Ancient Chinese capitals
2218:Historic Centre of Macau
2104:Archaeological Ruins of
1787:Goryeo under Mongol rule
1593:Mongol conquest of China
1478:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
1460:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
1392:
1098:In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
921:I was left alone weeping
54:summarize the quotations
21:Shangdu (disambiguation)
2410:Ancient City of Pingyao
2380:Chengde Mountain Resort
1862:Pagoda of Bailin Temple
1683:1344 Yellow River flood
1678:War of the Two Capitals
1588:Kublai Khan's campaigns
1486:Oxford University Press
1352:Encyclopædia Britannica
1054:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1048:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
691:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
2386:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
2283:Chengjiang Fossil Site
2237:Historic Monuments of
1962:The Injustice to Dou E
1867:Temple of Azure Clouds
1797:Science and technology
1654:Battle of Ngasaunggyan
1598:anti-Mongol fortresses
1122:
1106:Down to a sunless sea.
1091:
1086:
1045:
1032:
1010:
883:
800:The Venetian explorer
475:
436:
411:Shangdu (here spelled
197:42.35972°N 116.17917°E
2357:Three Parallel Rivers
2161:Cemetery of Confucius
1698:Battle of Lake Poyang
1688:Red Turban Rebellions
1517:UNESCO World Heritage
1075:, published in 1816:
1058:Purchas his Pilgrimes
1036:Purchas his Pilgrimes
791:Literary descriptions
685:, written by English
442:
423:, geographer of King
410:
2435:Beijing Central Axis
2249:Gaocheng Observatory
1283:. pp. 104–119.
19:For other uses, see
2553:Badain Jaran Desert
2549:of China (Phase II)
2322:Leshan Giant Buddha
2165:Kong Family Mansion
1881:Society and culture
1608:Battle of Xiangyang
659:World Heritage Site
235:Location of Shangdu
202:42.35972; 116.17917
193: /
83:
2390:Xumi Fushou Temple
2288:Dazu Rock Carvings
2138:of China (Phase I)
1969:The Orphan of Zhao
1738:Imperial Preceptor
1275:Man, John (2006).
1209:on April 15, 2016.
541:Mongolian Cyrillic
476:
437:
421:Sanson d'Abbeville
2561:
2560:
2522:South China Karst
2486:Xinjiang Tianshan
2245:Shaolin Monastery
2055:
2054:
1404:on 17 August 2011
892:Toghon Temur Khan
636:
554:
543:
507:
405:
404:
397:
396:
345:Standard Mandarin
276:
275:
267:Show map of China
79:
78:
2611:
2500:Multiple regions
2430:Yungang Grottoes
2420:Temple of Heaven
2396:
2348:
2251:
2233:Longmen Grottoes
2213:Wudang Mountains
2197:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2059:
2025:ʼPhags-pa script
1955:The Chalk Circle
1936:Zhongyuan Yinyun
1823:Shiyi Dexiaofang
1581:Kaidu–Kublai war
1576:Toluid Civil War
1547:
1540:
1533:
1524:
1490:
1489:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1456:
1450:
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1439:
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1301:
1295:
1294:
1272:
1261:
1260:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1205:. Archived from
1199:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1165:
734:
729:
723:
637:
634:
631:
612:of China before
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229:
228:
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208:
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203:
198:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
166:Buffer zone
102:Ruins of Shangdu
100:
90:
84:
74:
71:
65:
38:
37:
30:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2574:Medieval cities
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2495:
2491:Qinghai Hoh Xil
2462:
2439:
2383:
2361:
2339:
2327:Mount Qingcheng
2269:
2242:
2198:
2189:
2091:
2086:
2056:
2051:
2031:History of Yuan
1998:
1929:Wenxian Tongkao
1894:History of Liao
1876:
1857:Miaoying Temple
1835:
1791:
1709:
1705:Ispah rebellion
1557:
1551:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1482:Selected Poetry
1476:
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1246:. p. 153.
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1099:
1050:
1030:place to place.
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888:
798:
793:
769:
699:
651:Zhenglan Banner
598:
569:
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534:
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373:
327:Literal meaning
272:
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264:Shangdu (China)
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243:
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115:Zhenglan Banner
103:
88:
75:
69:
66:
60:or excerpts to
51:
39:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2427:
2422:
2417:
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2407:
2402:
2400:Forbidden City
2397:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2340:including the
2333:
2324:
2315:
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2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2243:including the
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2215:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2192:
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2188:
2187:
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2177:
2168:
2154:
2152:Wuyi Mountains
2149:
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2113:
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2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
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1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
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1972:
1965:
1958:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1915:Shilin Guangji
1911:
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1743:Zhongshu Sheng
1740:
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1730:
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1618:
1617:
1616:
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1600:
1585:
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1578:
1567:
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1542:
1535:
1527:
1521:
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1510:
1505:
1498:
1497:External links
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:. p. 102.
1469:
1451:
1434:
1415:
1391:"Altan Tovch"
1382:
1358:
1343:, ed. (1911).
1341:Chisholm, Hugh
1332:
1314:
1296:
1289:
1262:
1252:
1230:
1221:"Yuan dynasty"
1212:
1194:
1179:
1176:. p. 239.
1159:
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1126:
1123:
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1019:Samuel Purchas
1014:
1013:Samuel Purchas
1011:
937:My reputation!
903:
890:The lament of
887:
884:
797:
794:
792:
789:
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711:Forbidden City
703:Inner Mongolia
698:
695:
655:Inner Mongolia
606:summer capital
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398:
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339:Transcriptions
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119:Inner Mongolia
113:Shangdu Town,
111:
105:
104:
101:
93:
92:
82:Site of Xanadu
77:
76:
70:September 2024
42:
40:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2616:
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2597:
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2484:
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2474:
2473:
2471:
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2465:
2459:
2458:Mukden Palace
2456:
2454:
2453:Koguryo sites
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Summer Palace
2413:
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2408:
2406:
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2401:
2398:
2395:
2394:Puning Temple
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2336:Potala Palace
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2240:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2204:South Central
2201:
2196:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:Mount Sanqing
2140:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Liangzhu City
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2048:
2047:Northern Yuan
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Mongol Empire
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
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1982:
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1644:Java invasion
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1290:9780553817188
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1259:
1255:
1253:0-8248-2196-3
1249:
1245:
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1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1008:
901:
899:
898:
893:
885:
882:
878:
876:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
831:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
805:
803:
795:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:In 2006, the
766:
764:
761:
759:
753:
751:
748:
744:
739:
738:Liu Bingzhong
735:
728:
719:
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674:
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645:
641:
630:
627:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
593:
563:
558:
552:
542:
531:
523:Upper Capital
510:
503:
497:
492:
489:
484:
480:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:Bento de Góis
446:
441:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
400:
390:
385:
383:
379:
369:
367:
363:
355:
353:
349:
346:
342:
337:
333:
330:Upper Capital
329:
325:
321:
317:
315:
311:
307:
302:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
279:
251:
221:
211:
206:
178:
176:
172:
169:150,721.96 ha
168:
160:
152:
148:
141:
138:
130:
128:
120:
116:
112:
110:
99:
94:
91:
85:
73:
63:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2584:Yuan dynasty
2512:China Danxia
2468:Northwestern
2424:
2275:Southwestern
2116:Fujian tulou
2041:
2029:
2003:Other topics
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1922:Menggu Ziyun
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1840:Architecture
1828:
1821:
1804:
1554:Yuan dynasty
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1444:
1437:
1428:
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1397:
1385:
1375:
1361:
1350:
1335:
1317:
1299:
1281:Bantam Books
1276:
1257:
1239:
1233:
1215:
1207:the original
1197:
1188:
1182:
1169:
1163:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1057:
1051:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1016:
904:
897:Altan Tobchi
895:
889:
886:Toghon Temur
879:
852:on gilt and
843:
818:
807:
799:
770:
762:
754:
750:Toghun Temür
731:
717:
715:
700:
680:
677:Chang Yuchun
663:
610:Yuan dynasty
561:
499:
478:
477:
468:
451:had already
445:Matteo Ricci
443:Even though
412:
352:Hanyu Pinyin
314:Hanyu Pinyin
161:25,131.27 ha
67:
52:Please help
44:
2604:Kublai Khan
2527:Grand Canal
2481:Mogao Caves
2405:Zhoukoudian
2375:Mount Wutai
2346:Norbulingka
2293:Fanjingshan
2223:Shennongjia
1888:Yuan poetry
1726:family tree
1398:hicheel.com
1367:Polo, Marco
1346:"Mew"
675:army under
644:present-day
618:Jin dynasty
604:), was the
200: /
188:116°10′45″E
175:Coordinates
149:2020 (44th
146:Inscription
2568:Categories
2543:Yellow Sea
2537:Tusi Sites
2532:Silk Roads
2507:Great Wall
2384:including
2331:Dujiangyan
2318:Mount Emei
2308:Jiuzhaigou
2260:Wulingyuan
2132:Yellow Sea
1714:Government
1408:17 January
1393:Алтан Товч
1279:. London:
1172:. Leiden:
1155:References
1142:Shangri-La
1062:Kubla Khan
1021:published
979:Dear Daidu
858:architrave
830:gerfalcons
802:Marco Polo
796:Marco Polo
682:Kubla Khan
669:Marco Polo
667:traveller
506:pronounced
461:John Speed
417:Marco Polo
366:Wade–Giles
185:42°21′35″N
62:Wikisource
2547:Bohai Sea
2445:Northeast
2303:Huanglong
2180:West Lake
2147:Mount Tai
2136:Bohai Sea
2126:Huangshan
2037:Khanbaliq
1778:Dpon-chen
1768:Manchuria
1733:Empresses
1148:Shambhala
1136:Karakorum
854:lacquered
839:diversion
821:inclosing
783:the name
767:Astronomy
758:Dolon Nor
743:Ming army
693:in 1797.
640:Khanbaliq
551:romanized
530:Mongolian
425:Louis XIV
136:Reference
58:Wikiquote
45:contains
2239:Dengfeng
2185:Kulangsu
2020:Borjigin
1830:Nong Shu
1812:Jiaochao
1763:Mongolia
1721:Emperors
1622:Sakhalin
1480:(1997).
1462:(1816).
1125:See also
875:celerity
779:'s moon
756:town of
687:Romantic
665:Venetian
372:Shang-tu
127:Criteria
109:Location
2342:Jokhang
2313:Lijiang
2175:Hongcun
2167:in Qufu
2042:Shangdu
2010:Mongols
1994:Fashion
1817:Coinage
1632:Vietnam
1563:History
862:varnish
825:compass
733:Kāipíng
718:Kaiping
697:History
647:Beijing
621:capital
608:of the
553::
517:
501:Shàngdū
483:Chinese
479:Shangdu
473:Cambalu
433:Beijing
429:Cambalu
374:Shangtu
358:Shàngdū
318:Shàngdū
291:Chinese
281:Shangdu
151:Session
121:, China
2425:Xanadu
2173:, and
2157:Temple
2121:Lushan
1556:topics
1287:
1250:
850:stayed
785:Xanadu
777:Saturn
707:Duolun
614:Kublai
601:-ə-doo
562:Xanadu
498::
496:pinyin
485::
457:Cathay
453:proven
413:Ciandu
25:Xanadu
2367:North
2265:Yinxu
1989:Islam
1773:Tibet
1659:Pagan
1649:Burma
1627:Japan
1613:Yamen
1174:Brill
870:paces
866:palms
835:croup
781:Titan
689:poet
557:Šandu
546:Шанду
535:ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠤ
469:Xandu
455:that
415:, as
2392:and
2344:and
2329:and
2320:and
2247:and
2171:Xidi
2163:and
2159:and
2097:East
1984:Semu
1949:Zaju
1908:Song
1410:2022
1327:NASA
1285:ISBN
1248:ISBN
846:cane
814:gilt
747:Khan
673:Ming
635:lit.
514:lit.
447:and
158:Area
140:1389
23:and
1901:Jin
1309:IAU
599:ZAN
465:Cam
382:IPA
2570::
2388:,
2382:,
2338:,
2241:,
1484:.
1427:.
1373:.
1369:.
1349:.
1325:.
1307:.
1265:^
1256:.
1242:.
1223:.
841:.
823:a
730:;
727:開平
724:;
722:开平
653:,
632:;
589:uː
548:,
544::
538:,
532::
528:;
512:;
504:;
494:;
117:,
2545:–
2134:–
2081:e
2074:t
2067:v
1546:e
1539:t
1532:v
1519:)
1515:(
1412:.
1329:.
1311:.
1293:.
1227:.
720:(
642:(
629:都
626:中
592:/
586:d
583:ə
580:n
577:æ
574:z
571:ˈ
568:/
564:(
526:'
520:'
491:都
488:上
481:(
301:都
298:上
153:)
72:)
68:(
64:.
50:.
27:.
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