649:
849:
963:
899:
550:
988:
874:
624:
525:
824:
574:
693:
780:
755:
71:
490:
58:
1052:
599:
1477:
1225:
648:
376:. The taxonomic classification of shadbushes has long perplexed botanists, horticulturalists, and others, as suggested by the range in number of species recognized in the genus, from 6 to 33, in two recent publications. A major source of complexity comes from the occurrence of
435:
are deciduous, cauline, alternate, simple, lanceolate to elliptic to orbiculate, 0.5–10 x 0.5–5.5 cm, thin to coriaceous, with surfaces above glabrous or densely tomentose at flowering, and glabrous or more or less hairy beneath at maturity.
1537:
is brown, hard, close-grained, and heavy. The heartwood is reddish-brown, and the sapwood is lighter in color. It can be used for tool handles and fishing rods. Native
Americans used it for arrow shafts. Members of the
1554:, grown for their flowers, bark, and fall color. All need similar conditions to grow well, requiring good drainage, air circulation (to discourage leaf diseases), watering during drought, and
423:
grow to 0.2–20 m (7.9 in – 65 ft 7.4 in) tall; some are small trees, some are multistemmed, clump-forming shrubs, and yet others form extensive low shrubby patches (
1855:
1132:
Since classifications have varied greatly over the past century, species names are often used interchangeably in the nursery trade. Several natural or horticultural
2467:
2282:
773:
Canada (from
Saskatchewan to Québec) and the northeastern and north-central United States (from Nebraska and the Dakotas east as far as Vermont and New Jersey).
2321:
1487:
The fruit of several species is safe to eat raw, possessing a mild sweetness strongly accented by the almond-like flavour of the seeds. Selections from
451:
have five white (rarely somewhat pink, yellow, or streaked with red), linear to orbiculate petals, 2.6–25 mm long, with the petals in one species (
2230:
2295:
2243:
2045:
Merriam, C. Hart 1966 Ethnographic Notes on
California Indian Tribes. University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley (p. 222)
2370:
848:
842:
eastern Canada and the eastern United States, from
Newfoundland west to Ontario, Minnesota, and Iowa, south as far as Georgia and Alabama.
1211:
is known to be of North
American origin, probably from eastern Canada, it is not known to occur naturally in the wild in North America.
981:
New
Brunswick to Saskatchewan, Canada to northeastern United States, and the Great Lakes region and south as far as northern Georgia
1982:
1938:
1917:
1542:
would use the wood to create a sort of body armor, crafting it into a heavy robe or overcoat and corset armor worn during fighting.
1308:
265:
898:
2269:
1246:
411:
term describing the sweet fruit which was wild-harvested for food by
Aboriginal people and early settlers of western Canada.
2300:
1356:. Juneberry refers to the fruits of certain species becoming ripe in June. The name saskatoon originated from a Cree noun
987:
962:
549:
2308:
1507:. Propagation is by seed, divisions, and grafting. Serviceberries graft so readily that grafts onto other genera, such as
1289:
1261:
1242:
1145:
623:
2152:
2129:
1701:
Phipps J. B.; Robertson K. R.; Smith P. G.; Rohrer J. R. (1990). "A checklist of the subfamily
Maloideae (Rosaceae)".
1163:
524:
467:, red to purple to nearly black at maturity, 5–15 mm diameter, insipid to delectably sweet, maturing in summer.
70:
873:
2383:
1268:
1083:
855:
500:
473:
plants are valued horticulturally, and their fruits are important to wildlife. Some orchards are cultivated in the
399:, the berries are commonly consumed by wildlife and picked by humans for uses in baked goods. The Canadian city of
2326:
1235:
1600:
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plants are preferred browse for deer and rabbits, and heavy browsing pressure can suppress natural regeneration.
1105:
201:
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823:
573:
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1951:
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455:) often andropetalous (bearing apical microsporangia adaxially). The flowers appear in early spring, "when the
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1503:
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Many insects and diseases that attack orchard trees also affect this genus, in particular trunk borers and
718:
692:
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1829:
806:
779:
699:
655:
2157:
1883:
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667:
Canada from
Newfoundland west to southern Ontario, and in the United States from Maine south to Alabama.
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2222:
2209:
1626:
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1370:
1257:
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Gulf Coast north to
Thunder Bay in Ontario and Lake St. John in Quebec, and west to Texas and Minnesota
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1972:
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are terminal, with 1–20 flowers, erect or drooping, either in clusters of one to four flowers, or in
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580:
345:
1195:, breeding true from seed, and probably of hybrid origin, perhaps descending from a cross between
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65:
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runs in certain New England streams, which generally took place about when the trees bloomed.
474:
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2110:
2024:
1613:
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1710:
1681:
1551:
1429:
1334:
1133:
489:
377:
230:
1968:
1635:
9. Magnoliophyta: Rosidae (in part): Rosales (in part). Oxford University Press, New York.
1539:
1523:
1448:
1425:
108:
57:
1282:
1677:
1051:
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Alaska across most of western Canada and in the western and north-central United States
1594:
1409:
477:
which are subjected to severe winter cold of −60 °C (−76 °F), indicating the
95:
1144:
plants that are offered for sale are actually hybrids, or entirely different species.
598:
459:
run" according to North-American tradition (leading to names such as "shadbush"). The
2451:
1421:
440:
431:
is gray or less often brown, and in tree species smooth or fissuring when older. The
428:
357:
353:
164:
2434:
2170:
1686:
1661:
1530:
was flavored by serviceberry fruits in combination with minced dried meat and fat.
1476:
1379:
664:
Canada serviceberry, shadblow serviceberry, bilberry, eastern shadbush, Indian pear
404:
31:
2134:
2121:
1805:
2313:
2256:
2104:
1843:
1433:
1417:
1405:
1401:
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1413:
381:
38:
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323:
2401:
1992:
1627:
Campbell, C. S., Dibble, A. C., Frye, C. T., & Burgess, M. B. (2015).
2396:
2144:
2089:
1731:
1573:
1527:
1494:
1192:
540:
Saskatoon serviceberry, alder-leaved shadbush, saskatoon, saskatoon berry
385:
335:
154:
121:
368:
and to every Canadian province and territory. Two species also occur in
17:
2235:
1249: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
448:
389:
184:
144:
2261:
1662:"Le concept d'espece et la taxonomie du genre Amelanchier (Rosacees)"
1515:
1352:
867:
New York, Maryland, Massachusetts, Virginia, Maine, and Nova Scotia.
444:
373:
365:
361:
174:
134:
2066:
1714:
1526:
is harvested commercially. One version of the Native American food
2196:
1522:
The fruit can be harvested for pies, muffins, jams, and wine. The
1497:. Other cultivars appear to be derived from hybridization between
1475:
1461:
488:
460:
327:
319:
82:
2274:
2011:
The Brooks and Olmo Register of Fruit & Nut Varieties, 3rd ed
1555:
1534:
1457:
1386:
1099:
Eggl. ex K.R.Cushman, M.B.Burgess, E.T.Doucette & C.S.Campb.
464:
456:
432:
408:
396:
369:
364:, and at least one species is native to every U.S. state except
331:
2070:
1350:
comes from the similarity of the fruit to the related European
1191:
in Europe, where it was introduced in the 17th century. It is
2183:
1645:
A Digital Flora of Newfoundland and Labrador Vascular Plants:
1218:
917:
southern Europe, as well as North Africa and the Middle East.
257:
839:
smooth shadbush, smooth serviceberry, Allegheny serviceberry
239:
1493:
have been chosen for fruit production, with several named
254:
1436:, and the red-spotted purple and the white admiral (both
248:
233:
1442:), as well as various other herbivorous insects feed on
266:
251:
1806:"Shadblow Serviceberry | Department of Horticulture"
245:
2079:
2009:American Society for Horticultural Science (1997).
242:
236:
1593:
1778:"Amelanchier Medik. - Plants of the World Online"
37:"June berry" redirects here. For the artist, see
1977:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 200.
481:of the plant having a lifespan up to 50 years.
978:red-twigged shadbush or roundleaf serviceberry
1844:https://treebee.ca/trees/smooth-serviceberry/
1123:(A. alnifolia × A. humilis.) - low juneberry
8:
1154:is another hybrid of garden origin, between
2004:
2002:
1910:Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles
892:United States (from New Jersey to Georgia)
2067:
1162:. The cultivar 'La Paloma' has gained the
56:
45:
1685:
1309:Learn how and when to remove this message
1026:E. Canada to N. Central & NE. U.S.A.
934:pale serviceberry or western serviceberry
817:E. Canada to N. Central & NE. U.S.A.
798:E. Canada to N. Central & NE. U.S.A.
2063:, in What Am I Eating? A Food Dictionary
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1726:
1724:
889:Southern Juneberry, Coastal serviceberry
505:
392:difficult to characterize and identify.
1585:
937:United States (California and Arizona)
2468:Plants used in Native American cuisine
614:Korean juneberry or Asian serviceberry
352:. It is most diverse taxonomically in
344:is native to temperate regions of the
30:Serviceberry redirects here; see also
1963:
1961:
1800:
1798:
1090:( A. arborea × A. laevis.)– Juneberry
7:
2337:3ab1bc78-2d7a-4dc1-8454-f5b19a00b677
1614:participating institution membership
1452:rust. In years when late flowers of
1247:adding citations to reliable sources
610:(Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. ex Walp.
1890:. Royal Horticultural Society. 2017
2389:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005906-2
1842:smooth serviceberry, TD Tree Bee,
388:(asexual seed production), making
25:
2027:. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2024
1974:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
1758:. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2024
1550:Several species are very popular
742:(Wiegand) Fernald & Weatherby
356:, especially in the northeastern
1223:
1187:) is very widely cultivated and
1050:
986:
961:
897:
872:
847:
822:
778:
753:
691:
647:
622:
597:
572:
548:
523:
229:
69:
1321:The origin of the generic name
1234:needs additional citations for
1112:(A. arborea × A. bartramiana. )
407:is named after the berry via a
1828:Canadian Wildlife Federation:
1687:10.1080/00378941.1975.10839332
1631:. In FNA Editorial Committee,
1568:on the grounds of his estate,
1:
1912:8th ed., vol. 1. John Murray
1558:appropriate for the species.
1382:, is named after this plant.
1101:(A. bartramiana × A. laevis.)
503:as of As of April 2023:
1464:, bees may spread bacterial
1045:Kazakhstan (Bayanaul Hills)
1931:Trees of Britain and Europe
1164:Royal Horticultural Society
1106:Amelanchier × quinti-martii
1006:Central & South China.
350:early successional habitats
2489:
1782:Plants of the World Online
856:Amelanchier nantucketensis
710:West Canada to West U.S.A
501:Plants of the World Online
475:Canadian prairie provinces
360:and adjacent southeastern
36:
29:
1735:Systematics and Evolution
1601:Oxford English Dictionary
1325:is probably derived from
748:Quebec (Gaspé Peninsula)
213:
208:
66:Scientific classification
64:
55:
48:
1519:, are often successful.
1385:Shadberry refers to the
1035:Amelanchier turkestanica
617:China, Japan, and Korea
536:(Nutt.) Nutt. ex M.Roem.
499:Species accepted by the
1606:Oxford University Press
1084:Amelanchier × lamarckii
1070:western North America.
1015:Amelanchier stolonifera
642:E. Canada to NE. U.S.A
631:Amelanchier bartramiana
567:E. Canada to NE. U.S.A
447:with 4–20 flowers. The
419:The various species of
348:, growing primarily in
322:of about 20 species of
1929:Rushforth, K. (1999).
1633:Flora of North America
1484:
1337:names of the European
1136:also exist, and many
1095:Amelanchier × neglecta
946:Amelanchier parviflora
864:Nantucket serviceberry
807:Amelanchier intermedia
656:Amelanchier canadensis
496:
2358:Paleobiology Database
1953:Amelanchier alnifolia
1730:University of Maine:
1564:planted specimens of
1490:Amelanchier alnifolia
1479:
1371:Amelanchier alnifolia
1176:Amelanchier lamarckii
1168:Award of Garden Merit
1117:Amelanchier × spicata
1059:Amelanchier utahensis
970:Amelanchier sanguinea
738:Amelanchier gaspensis
719:Amelanchier fernaldii
686:South eastern Europe
532:Amelanchier alnifolia
494:Amelanchier alnifolia
492:
1908:Bean, W. J. (1976).
1480:Fruit and leaves of
1472:Uses and cultivation
1243:improve this article
1023:running serviceberry
1003:Chinese serviceberry
881:Amelanchier obovalis
787:Amelanchier interior
700:Amelanchier cusickii
606:Amelanchier asiatica
557:Amelanchier amabilis
334:in the rose family (
1678:1975BSBF..122..243L
1604:(Online ed.).
999:(C.K.Schneid.) Chun
926:Amelanchier pallida
762:Amelanchier humilis
676:Amelanchier cretica
581:Amelanchier arborea
346:Northern Hemisphere
215:About 20; see text
1871:Amelanchier sinica
1857:Amelanchier ovalis
1666:Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr
1485:
1482:Amelanchier ovalis
1439:Limenitis arthemis
1340:Amelanchier ovalis
995:Amelanchier sinica
906:Amelanchier ovalis
831:Amelanchier laevis
795:Wiegand's shadbush
589:downy serviceberry
585:(F.Michx.) Fernald
497:
2445:
2444:
2345:Open Tree of Life
2073:Taxon identifiers
1756:"Saskatoon berry"
1709:(10): 2209–2269.
1660:Landry P (1975).
1648:Genus Amelanchier
1612:(Subscription or
1562:George Washington
1552:ornamental shrubs
1456:overlap those of
1319:
1318:
1311:
1293:
1074:
1073:
1067:Utah serviceberry
639:mountain shadbush
453:A. nantucketensis
274:), also known as
220:
219:
204:
16:(Redirected from
2480:
2438:
2437:
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2317:
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2314:NHMSYS0000455854
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1366:misaaskwatoomina
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635:(Tausch) M.Roem.
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463:is a berry-like
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2463:Rosaceae genera
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1715:10.1139/b90-288
1700:
1699:
1695:
1672:(5–6): 43–252.
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1640:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1548:
1540:Pit River Tribe
1524:saskatoon berry
1474:
1449:Gymnosporangium
1426:rough prominent
1395:
1315:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1252:
1250:
1240:
1228:
1217:
1173:A taxon called
1130:
1120:
1109:
1098:
1087:
1079:
1077:Natural hybrids
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1038:
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998:
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741:
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512:Scientific Name
487:
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268:
232:
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199:
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42:
35:
28:
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11:
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2435:wfo-4000001570
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2341:
2331:
2318:
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2116:
2101:
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2064:
2054:
2053:External links
2051:
2048:
2047:
2038:
2016:
1998:
1983:
1957:
1950:Jepson Flora:
1943:
1922:
1901:
1875:
1861:
1847:
1835:
1831:Serviceberries
1821:
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1769:
1738:
1720:
1693:
1652:
1638:
1619:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1547:
1546:Garden history
1544:
1504:A. stolonifera
1473:
1470:
1410:brimstone moth
1394:
1391:
1374:. The city of
1362:misāskwatōmina
1358:misâskwatômina
1317:
1316:
1231:
1229:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1129:
1128:Garden hybrids
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914:snowy mespilus
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441:inflorescences
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2020:
2017:
2013:. ASHS Press.
2012:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1984:0-8117-0616-8
1980:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1947:
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1940:
1939:0-00-220013-9
1936:
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1926:
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1918:0-7195-1790-7
1915:
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1615:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1595:"amelanchier"
1589:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1545:
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1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1430:the satellite
1427:
1423:
1422:mottled umber
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1390:
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1263:
1260: –
1259:
1258:"Amelanchier"
1255:
1254:Find sources:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1232:This section
1230:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:A. canadensis
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1142:A. canadensis
1139:
1135:
1127:
1121:(Lam.) K.Koch
1119:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1097:
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1017:
1016:
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1009:
1005:
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989:
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964:
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923:
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920:
916:
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908:
907:
903:
900:
896:
895:
891:
888:
885:(Michx.) Ashe
883:
882:
878:
875:
871:
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863:
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857:
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845:
841:
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797:
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559:
558:
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547:
546:
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539:
534:
533:
529:
526:
522:
521:
518:Distribution
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
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502:
495:
491:
484:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
466:
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430:
426:
422:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:hybridization
375:
372:, and one in
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:United States
355:
354:North America
351:
347:
343:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:chuckley pear
313:
309:
305:
301:
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293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
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226:
225:
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198:
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189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:Amygdaloideae
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
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149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:Tracheophytes
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
59:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
33:
27:Service berry
19:
2080:
2059:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1973:
1952:
1946:
1930:
1925:
1909:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1885:
1878:
1870:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1838:
1830:
1824:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1786:. Retrieved
1784:. 2017-09-13
1781:
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1732:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1647:
1641:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1599:
1588:
1570:Mount Vernon
1565:
1560:
1549:
1532:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1499:A. alnifolia
1498:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1453:
1447:
1444:Amelanchier.
1443:
1437:
1402:Caterpillars
1397:
1396:
1384:
1380:Saskatchewan
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:serviceberry
1347:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1296:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1253:
1241:Please help
1236:verification
1233:
1209:A. lamarckii
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1088:F.G.Schroed.
1082:
1057:
1033:
1013:
993:
968:
944:
924:
904:
879:
860:E.P.Bicknell
854:
829:
805:
785:
770:low shadbush
760:
736:
717:
698:
680:(Willd.) DC.
674:
654:
629:
604:
579:
555:
530:
498:
493:
470:
469:
452:
438:
420:
418:
405:Saskatchewan
394:
341:
340:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:serviceberry
287:
283:
279:
275:
223:
222:
221:
214:
195:
194:
128:
115:
102:
89:
49:
43:
32:Service tree
2473:Fruit trees
2458:Amelanchier
2257:iNaturalist
2111:Amelanchier
2105:Wikispecies
2081:Amelanchier
1888:'La Paloma"
1886:Amelanchier
1810:www.uky.edu
1733:Amelanchier
1703:Can. J. Bot
1629:Amelanchier
1566:Amelanchier
1454:Amelanchier
1434:winter moth
1418:grey dagger
1406:Lepidoptera
1398:Amelanchier
1331:amelanchièr
1327:amalenquièr
1323:Amelanchier
1199:and either
1189:naturalized
1151:grandiflora
1110:Louis-Marie
974:(Pursh) DC.
791:E.L.Nielsen
660:(L.) Medik.
515:Common Name
471:Amelanchier
421:Amelanchier
415:Description
342:Amelanchier
292:sarvisberry
224:Amelanchier
196:Amelanchier
161:Subfamily:
109:Angiosperms
50:Amelanchier
2452:Categories
2025:"Pemmican"
1933:. Collins
1815:2023-01-08
1788:2023-04-23
1616:required.)
1580:References
1466:fireblight
1458:wild roses
1414:brown-tail
1299:April 2022
1269:newspapers
1201:A. arborea
1156:A. arborea
1138:A. arborea
397:pome fruit
382:polyploidy
330:and small
181:Subtribe:
39:June Berry
2060:Juneberry
1894:5 January
1510:Crataegus
1495:cultivars
1376:Saskatoon
1346:The name
1335:Provençal
1215:Etymology
1207:. While
1197:A. laevis
1193:apomictic
1185:lamarckii
1160:A. laevis
479:hardiness
401:Saskatoon
324:deciduous
312:wild-plum
308:sugarplum
304:saskatoon
300:juneberry
294:(or just
79:Kingdom:
2419:VASCAN:
2402:40011752
2397:Tropicos
2142:BioLib:
2090:Wikidata
1971:(1974).
1574:Virginia
1528:pemmican
1462:brambles
1404:of such
386:apomixis
336:Rosaceae
326:-leaved
284:shadblow
280:shadwood
276:shadbush
209:Species
155:Rosaceae
151:Family:
122:Eudicots
18:Shadblow
2412:5870360
2288:1008281
2275:33638-1
2236:3023817
2096:Q156957
2031:13 July
1762:13 July
1674:Bibcode
1393:Ecology
1283:scholar
1134:hybrids
1019:Wiegand
956:Turkey
835:Wiegand
766:Wiegand
723:Wiegand
704:Fernald
561:Wiegand
485:Species
449:flowers
445:racemes
427:). The
390:species
318:, is a
191:Genus:
185:Malinae
171:Tribe:
145:Rosales
141:Order:
83:Plantae
2409:uBio:
2371:PLANTS
2363:157340
2350:197803
2334:NZOR:
2223:101333
2210:101333
2158:121754
2135:215793
2122:187996
2119:APDB:
1993:799792
1991:
1981:
1937:
1916:
1516:Sorbus
1368:) for
1353:Sorbus
1333:, the
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1063:Koehne
950:Boiss.
930:Greene
910:Medik.
433:leaves
425:clones
384:, and
374:Europe
366:Hawaii
362:Canada
328:shrubs
296:sarvis
271:-sheer
202:Medik.
175:Maleae
135:Rosids
2376:AMELA
2327:23139
2301:25108
2283:IRMNG
2262:49230
2197:1AMEG
2184:29970
2171:6298M
2145:39577
1610:
1572:, in
1290:JSTOR
1276:books
1039:Litv.
811:Spach
509:Image
461:fruit
332:trees
320:genus
267:am-ə-
129:Clade
116:Clade
103:Clade
90:Clade
2384:POWO
2322:NCBI
2296:ITIS
2270:IPNI
2244:GRIN
2231:GBIF
2192:EPPO
2153:BOLD
2130:APNI
2033:2024
1989:OCLC
1979:ISBN
1935:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1896:2018
1764:2024
1556:soil
1535:wood
1533:The
1513:and
1501:and
1460:and
1387:shad
1262:news
1179:(or
1158:and
1149:. ×
1140:and
465:pome
457:shad
439:The
429:bark
409:Cree
370:Asia
2430:WFO
2422:809
2309:NBN
2249:509
2218:FoC
2205:FNA
2179:EoL
2166:CoL
1711:doi
1682:doi
1670:122
1408:as
1245:by
1203:or
1166:'s
338:).
314:or
298:),
290:or
282:or
269:LAN
258:ɪər
2454::
2432::
2399::
2386::
2373::
2360::
2347::
2324::
2311::
2298::
2285::
2272::
2259::
2246::
2233::
2220::
2207::
2194::
2181::
2168::
2155::
2132::
2107::
2092::
2001:^
1987:.
1960:^
1808:.
1797:^
1780:.
1741:^
1723:^
1707:68
1705:.
1680:.
1668:.
1664:.
1598:.
1576:.
1468:.
1432:,
1428:,
1424:,
1420:,
1416:,
1412:,
1378:,
1364:,
1343:.
1329:,
1183:x
1181:A.
1170:.
403:,
395:A
380:,
310:,
306:,
302:,
286:,
278:,
131::
118::
105::
92::
2035:.
1995:.
1941:.
1920:.
1898:.
1884:"
1818:.
1791:.
1766:.
1717:.
1713::
1690:.
1684::
1676::
1608:.
1360:(
1312:)
1306:(
1301:)
1297:(
1287:·
1280:·
1273:·
1266:·
1239:.
1147:A
261:/
255:ʃ
252:n
249:æ
246:l
243:ˈ
240:ə
237:m
234:æ
231:/
227:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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