372:, who, mesmerized by the Shaigiya, spent some time with the tribe. His accounts of the events were published at 1819 in the "Travels in Nubia". The predatory character of the tribe speaks of change from Bruce's time, "My guide, in constant dread of the Shaiqiya would not allow me to light a fire although the nights were getting very cold". Evidently, the tribe was ruled by two Macs (the title given by the kings of Funj to tribal chiefs), Mac Jaweesh and Mac Zubeir. Military training of the Shaiqiya youth was brutal, and at very early age they were capable of launching spears from a horseback by astonishing precision. Their unexplainable intolerance of other tribes led to raids against their neighbours and beyond. They attacked villages and caravans as far as
422:, they resisted the Turkish/Egyptian invasion in 1820, at the battle of Korti after refusing to submit and were defeated due to the use of fire-arms and cannons and retreated southwards. Mac Jaweesh along the majority of his men sought asylum in Shendi in hope to persuade the Ja'Ali chief Mac Nimr to join forces against the much stronger enemy. Mac Nimr declined the offer and the Shaiqiya were handed over to the Turks, who promised to pardon the Shaiqiya warriors and return their land if they accepted the service in Turkish ranks. After the deal was struck Shaiqiya were used during the suppression of the Ja'Alin revolt (1822) and demonstrated astonishing brutality. For their services they obtained lands of the Ja'Alin between
396:. The Shaiqiya are perfectly independent people, and possess great wealth in corn and cattle. They are renowned for their hospitality; and the person of their guest, or companion is sacred. If the traveller possesses a friend among them and has been plundered on the road, his property will be recovered, even if it has been taken by the King. Many of them can write and read. Their learned men are held in great respect by them; they have schools, wherein all the sciences are taught, which form the course of the Mohammedan study, Mathematics and Astronomy excepted. Such of the Shaiqiya as are soldiers, indulge in frequent use of wine and spirits made of dates."
592:
287:, was closely related to Nobiin if not identical. The archaeologist Ali Osman, too, claimed that the Nubian words that survive in the Shaiqi dialect are of Nobiin origin. Arabization was rapidly advancing in 19th-century Sudan due to the perceived superiority of Arabic to Nubian and other African languages. Among the Shaiqiya, Nubian reportedly survived until the turn of the 20th century. As late as 1918 it was reported that Nubian (Dongolawi) was still spoken as far upstream as
361:
539:
1138:
471:
42:
1502:
304:
256:, creating this tribe. However, historically it seems the tribe has originated in 15th century as a hybrid of various tribes settled in the area. According to Nicholls, at the start of the 20th century, the tribe nobles denied to have Arab origins and said that they were indigenous to Sudan and that they have always inhabited the same territory as today.
611:. The Shaigiya used to make their homes from bricks made of mud and cow dung, as other North African and Arab ethnic groups had done. The roofs were made of straw to keep the houses cool. The most common form for men to put art on their bodies is the wearing of henna on their hands for a wedding. Women put henna on for their own marriage only.
625:
families. Some men have more than one wife. The head of the house is the father. If the father is not in the home then the mother is the head. If the mother is incapable, then the uncle takes over. The uncle is usually the father’s brother and must act as the father. If the uncle cannot fulfil the role, then the grandfather will take over.
666:, which is similar to tic-tac-toe. First they draw a big square with 9 small squares inside on the sand, two children play, each has five stones, each stone of a different color. Each tries to align their own stones in a line of 3, while the other blocks and tries to prevent his/her adversary from making a straight line.
677:, a kind of black decoration that people usually put on their hands and feet. Henna is applied as a paste made of dried and powdered Lawsonia leaves, with added oil and water. Brides use it in a decorative manner, usually with floral decorations. If applied once, it takes on a reddish hue, twice will turn it black.
669:
The
Shaygiya greeting is similar to most other tribal Sudanese greetings or Muslim greetings. When the Shaigiya people meet someone who is older, they say, “As-salamu alaykum ya haj” or “Marhaban ya haj”, pat their hands on the left shoulder and then shake hands. If they meet their friend, they would
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speak. They are reported to have a pronunciation which deletes the last letter of some words. A common name for a male is Al-Sir, which is from the
Turkish language and means leader. A common name for a female that hardly anyone uses outside of the tribe is "Had-Alraid", which means the most love you
513:
In April 1884, Saleh Bey (Saleh Wad el Mek), head of the tribe, and 1,400 men surrendered to the Mahdi's forces. Numbers of
Shaigiya continued in the service of General Gordon, and this led to the proscription of the tribe by the Mahdi. When Khartoum fell, Saleh's sons were sought out and executed by
645:
Most children attend government school. Women are usually the teachers, while the men are farming and planting. All lessons are important, but most emphasized are religion, languages, and mathematics. Religion is considered important, and for this, many children attend traditional religious schools,
706:
Most mornings, men work in the fields tending their crops. Hunting is also popular. Wives take care of children and give food to their husbands when they are working in the field. Boys in the
Shaigiya tribe help in the field after school. Girls stay at home to help their mothers and make themselves
624:
In the rural areas of the various sub-tribes (or Dars), extended family life features strongly. It is quite common that multiple generations will stay in one house (mother, father, grandfather, grandmother, children, aunts, uncles, cousins). Most households in the
Shaigiya tribe consist of extended
392:"Shaiqiya are continually at war. They all fight on horseback, in coats of mail. Fire-arms are not common amongst them, their only weapons being lance, target and sabre. They are all mounted on Dongola Stallions and are famous for their horsemanship. Their youth conduct raids sometimes as far as
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skin. Their arms were lance, sword or javelin. The
Shaigiya are divided into twelve sections or sub tribes, each descended from one of the twelve sons of the founder, Shaig. Many jokes involve a Shaigi quarrelling with a Ja'li. Many times the Shaigi is the sharp, and Ja'li is the stubborn.
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more beautiful (decorate themselves with fancy clothes and other decorations). They are not allowed to go out very much until they are 15 years old. The leader of a family always is the father, but when troubles come to the leader, the mother or the uncle of this family will lead instead.
690:
When someone dies, funeral rites for the dead are carried out immediately. The families of the dead wear black or white, and the men take the corpse, wash it and cover it with large white sheet and bury it. Widows usually mourn for a stipulated four-month and ten day period.
521:
On the reconquest of the Sudan by the Anglo-Egyptian army (1896/98), it was found that the
Shaigiya were reduced to a few hundred families. After this, the tribe thrived. They figured prominently in the Egyptian Army and later the
388:
to seek help from the king of Funj, who at his political decline was too weakened and unable to help. Burckhardt who spent time in Merowe around 1807 gives us more description of the tribe
339:. From the sixteenth century until colonization, the Shaigiya had many prominent Islamic schools which attracted students from all over Sudan. Around 1690 the tribe broke loose from the
1222:
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They have adopted the tribal marking custom of cutting three horizontal lines on the cheeks of their children. This was done with a heated knife, but is now a dying custom.
498:
attempt to relieve him, the fortress fell to the Mahdi. (Major
Hussein escaped to Egypt in 1891 and came back during the reconquest in 1898. His family still resides in
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They are known for their bravery, generosity, and enlightenment. "They are the one to hunt the Lion." Freedom-loving and hospitable, they had schools in which all
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are typical almost throughout Sudan: breakfast is around 10am, lunch is at 3pm and dinner at 7pm. The main course will always be a kind of bread called
279:
rather than
Dongolawi. The historian Jay Spaulding analyzed several Arabic Shaiqi documents from the mid-19th century and found a widespread use of
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Members of the
Shaigiya tribe speak and write in Arabic. Some sections living towards the Red Sea area have a language that is akin to what the
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governor, and were the only independent tribe in the region. The first account of the Shaigiya tribesmen was given by the Scottish traveller
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530:, decorated with the MBE for his valour at Keren in 1941, was a Shaiqi from the Onia section and later President of the Sudan in 1964.
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The Shaikiya. An account of the Shaikiya tribes and of the history of Dongola Province from the XIVth to the XIXth century (1913)
486:'s first fight was to rescue a few Shaiqiya, still serving with the invader and besieged in a fort at Al Halfaya, just north of
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The Shaikiya: An Account of the Shaikiya Tribes and of the History of Dongola Province from the Xivth to the Xixth Century
905:
The Shaikiya. An account of the Shaikiya tribes and of the history of Dongola Province from the XIVth to the XIXth century
929:
A History of the Arabs in the Sudan: And Some Account of the People who Preceded them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr
650:
in Sudan. This is a place, where kids go to before they enter a public school to learn classical Arabic and memorize the
1364:
Thelwall, Robin (1982). "Linguistic Aspects of Greater Nubian History". In Christopher Ehret; Merrick Posnansky (eds.).
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which, he believes, had their root in Nobiin. He concludes that the pre-Arabic language of the Shaiqiya, which he calls
1315:
591:
687:, which is made of flour. It is usually dipped into meat curries. They have black tea with sugar after every meal.
1722:
747:, p. 406: "Despite claims to Abbasid descent, the Shaykiyya are undoubtedly Arabised and Islamised Nubians".
237:
1707:
1561:
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698:) to announce the baby's arrival, and after 7 days, the family hosts a party to give the newborn baby a name.
1712:
249:
1434:
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357:(1790) who noticed the tribe migrated from more southern regions to its present homeland around 1772.
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1449:
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During the medieval period Dar Shaiqiya was part of the heartland of the Christian Nubian kingdom of
280:
191:
today it was reported by various 19th-century sources that the Shaiqiya were bilingual in Arabic and
1223:"Präarabische Sprachen der Ja'aliyin und Ababde in der europäischen Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts"
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was taught, and were rich in corn and cattle. Their fighting men, mounted on horses of the famous
384:). Constantly attacking the town of Shendi and killing some of local Mac Nimr's uncles forced the
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In the 20th century, Shaiqi tribe are among those along the Nile, who have been affected by the
510:.) His grandchildren went as far as Germany and America, where they go by the name of Hussein.
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as late as the 19th century. Several travellers noted that they were bilingual in Arabic and
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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172:. The tribe inhabits the region of Dar al-Shayqiya, which stretches along the banks of the
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There is a special instrument that can be heard in Shaigi tribal music: the tambour, or
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in the south forcing some families of the neighbouring tribes to emigrate westwards (
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and includes their tribal capital of Merowe Sheriq and parts of the Bayuda desert.
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The Shaiqiya: The cultural and social change of a Northern Sudanese riverain people
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931:(Reissue ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Library Collection - African Studies.
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252:. Allegedly, he and his family settled in Sudan and intermixed with the local
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448:
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Das Christentum in Nubien. Geschichte und Gestalt einer afrikanischen Kirche
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Spaulding, Jay (1990). "The Old Shaiqi Language in Historical Perspective".
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in 1883, was held by Major Ahmed Hussein Pasha (Suarab Section) and despite
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268:
192:
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Kramer, Robert S.; Lobban, Richard A. Jr.; Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (2013).
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could be found in the country of the "Xiogeia". They were subjects of the
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1162:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 769.
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further downstream. Some modern authors believe that the Shaiqiya spoke
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Still the best early description came from an adventurer and historian
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When a baby is born, the baby’s mother and the town's women ululate (
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say “Marhaban" or “Ezayakum”. Ladies hug each other and shake hands.
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200:
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Sprachwandel durch Sprachkontakt am Beispiel des Nubischen im Niltal
418:, but continued to dominate a considerable part of Nubia. Roused by
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The Making of the Modern Sudan, KDD Henderson 1953, Faber and Faber
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The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History
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Children in the Shaigiya tribe like to play a kind of game called
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Egyptian invasion of Sudan 1820-24 § Defeat of the Shayqiyya
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and are also one of the three prominent Sudanese Arabs tribes in
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The Shaikiya of the Northern Sudan, Nicholls, 1903, Dublin
1233:. Sudanarchäologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin e.V: 135–152.
768:
558:. Their chiefs wore coats of mail and carried shields of
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published in 1707 showing the Shaiqiya ("les Chaighie")
199:. Some modern authors proposed that the Shaiqiya spoke
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Historical photograph of Shaigiya woman in Sudan, by
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A Shaigiya man at the time of the Egyptian invasion.
319:. The Shaigiya are first mentioned in 1529, when an
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93:
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58:
48:
32:
1176:The discovery of the source of Nile, J. Bruce 1790
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1442:History of Sudan, P.M. Holt and M.W. Daly 1981
1394:"Dongola Province of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan"
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222:descent, the Shaigiya have been classified as
1484:
958:(Classic Reprint ed.). Forgotten Books.
8:
1368:. University of California. pp. 39–52.
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744:
673:When there is a wedding, the groom applies
633:The main religion of the Shaigiya tribe is
263:today, the Shaigiya have formerly spoken a
1491:
1477:
1469:
554:breed, were feared throughout the eastern
354:Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile
1276:O'Fahey, R.S.; Spaulding, Jay L. (1974).
1179:Travels in Nubia, 1819 W. Burckhardt
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769:Kramer, Lobban & Fluehr-Lobban 2013
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883:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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7:
1299:. Vol. IX. Brill. p. 406.
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927:MacMichael, H. A. (March 17, 2011).
410:They were challenged around 1811 at
1295:O'Fahey, R.S. (1996). "Shaykiyya".
146:
1316:"Life and Language in Mahas today"
1259:Historical Dictionary of the Sudan
1240:The Sufi Brotherhoods in the Sudan
857:"Tide of censure for African dams"
583:can give to someone or something.
25:
1335:. Cambridge University: 283–292.
1202:Bechhaus-Gerst, Marianne (1996).
474:Shaigiya fighters in 19th century
335:, which extended as far north as
248:in the 7th century following the
240:(an uncle of the Islamic prophet
1500:
1136:
40:
1456:Ethnology of the Egyptian Sudan
1:
1320:Rivista degli studi orientali
916:– via Internet Archive.
902:Nicholls, W. (May 14, 1913).
877:O'Fahey, R. S. (2012-04-24),
236:named Shaig, a descendant of
1088:O'Fahey & Spaulding 1974
986:O'Fahey & Spaulding 1974
952:Nicholls, W. (2 July 2012).
229:. They claim descent from a
156:tribe. They are part of the
27:Arab tribe in northern Sudan
1739:
1242:. C. Hurst & Company.
1238:Karrar, Ali Sahih (1992).
1221:Gerhards, Gabriel (2023).
1183:Adams, William Y. (1977).
463:
281:objective suffix particles
1718:Hashemite people in Sudan
1685:
1517:
1297:The Encyclopedia of Islam
1185:Nubia. Corridor to Africa
39:
1416:Ibrahim, Hayder (1979).
1187:. Princeton University.
783:, pp. 557–558, 562.
1398:Sudan Notes and Records
1392:West, Louis C. (1918).
1383:Werner, Roland (2013).
1280:. Methuen Young Books.
1159:Encyclopædia Britannica
203:rather than Dongolawi.
1314:Shinnie, P.L. (1984).
908:. Dublin : Hodges
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543:
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312:
271:, the language of the
250:Arab conquest of Egypt
1278:Kingdoms of the Sudan
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464:Further information:
370:John Lewis Burckhardt
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306:
1446:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
1206:(in German). Köppe.
244:) who came from the
1322:. 58, 1/4: 173–178.
1024:, pp. 144–145.
1000:, pp. 287–288.
832:Bechhaus-Gerst 1996
810:, pp. 139–140.
524:Sudan Defence Force
445: /
405:(published in 1819)
601:
544:
490:. The fortress at
476:
420:Mihera Bint Abboud
376:in the north, and
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313:
259:Although speaking
218:Despite claims to
214:Origin and lineage
187:Although speaking
1695:
1694:
1387:(in German). Lit.
1329:History in Africa
1306:978-90-04-10422-8
1261:. The Scarecrow.
1102:, pp. 16–19.
988:, pp. 28–29.
834:, pp. 25–26.
449:15.633°N 32.533°E
309:Guillaume Delisle
307:Part of a map by
246:Arabian Peninsula
182:4th Nile cataract
164:, along with the
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16:(Redirected from
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1723:Nubians in Sudan
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189:Sudanese Arabic
108:Sudanese Arabic
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1150:Chisholm, Hugh
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1060:, p. 147.
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1036:, p. 139.
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998:Spaulding 1990
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965:978-0267726547
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820:Spaulding 1990
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597:Richard Buchta
588:
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548:Muslim science
535:
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528:Ibrahim Abboud
504:Khartoum North
484:General Gordon
454:15.633; 32.533
401:W.Burckhardt,
398:
333:Funj Sultanate
327:remarked that
300:
297:
215:
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180:to the end of
158:Sudanese Arabs
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1213:3-927620-26-2
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1058:Gerhards 2023
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795:, p. 29.
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758:
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730:September 18,
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542:Dongola horse
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1537:Awlad Himayd
1455:
1448:, edited by
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1073:O'Fahey 1996
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1010:Shinnie 1984
1005:
993:
981:
969:. Retrieved
954:
947:
928:
922:
910:. Retrieved
904:
897:
887:, retrieved
882:
872:
860:. Retrieved
851:
839:
827:
815:
788:
776:
764:
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745:O'Fahey 1996
740:
728:. Retrieved
719:
705:
695:
693:
689:
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672:
668:
663:
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632:
623:
615:Institutions
607:, a kind of
602:
577:
569:
560:hippopotamus
545:
520:
512:
482:of 1884/85,
477:
409:
402:
391:
367:
352:
351:in his book
314:
293:Jebel Barkal
258:
217:
205:
186:
138:
134:
130:
126:
124:
1689:Arab tribes
1507:Arab tribes
1460:A. H. Keane
1420:. Steiner.
1100:Karrar 1992
793:Werner 2013
635:Sunni Islam
480:Mahdist War
452: /
349:James Bruce
325:Upper Egypt
323:visitor to
162:North Sudan
118:Sunni Islam
1702:Categories
1552:Beni Halba
1427:3515029079
1375:0520045939
1287:0416774504
1194:0691093709
1171:References
971:21 January
889:2023-07-12
781:Adams 1977
526:. General
492:Al-Ubayyid
440:32°31′59″E
437:15°37′59″N
374:Wadi Halfa
285:Old Shaiqi
208:Merowe Dam
174:Nile River
86:Population
1602:Husseinat
1582:Habbaniya
1557:Dubasiyin
1357:153767706
1046:West 1918
696:zaghareed
641:Schooling
587:Art forms
564:crocodile
516:Dervishes
416:Mamelukes
269:Dongolawi
193:Dongolawi
149:) are an
147:الشايقيّة
49:Ethnicity
1687:Part of
1667:Shaigiya
1647:Rizeigat
1642:Rashaida
1637:Messiria
1612:Kababish
1404:: 22–37.
629:Religion
580:Hadendoa
500:Omdurman
488:Khartoum
428:Khartoum
399:—
329:pyramids
242:Muhammad
224:Arabised
151:Arabized
135:Shawayga
131:Shaiqiya
127:Shaigiya
114:Religion
104:Language
71:and the
59:Location
35:الشايقية
33:Shaigiya
18:Shaigiya
1677:Taʽisha
1672:Shukria
1652:Rubatab
1632:Manasir
1627:Mahamid
1617:Kawahla
1607:Ja'alin
1592:Hawazma
1587:Hasania
1572:Gawamaa
1547:Bedaria
1542:Batahin
1349:3171817
1147::
912:May 14,
885:, Brill
862:May 14,
725:"Sudan"
685:gurrasa
646:called
605:tanbūra
552:Dongola
534:Culture
478:In the
414:by the
412:Dongola
386:Ja'Alin
382:Danagla
345:Abdelab
337:Dongola
321:Italian
317:Makuria
299:History
273:Danagla
254:Nubians
227:Nubians
220:Abbasid
170:Danagla
166:Ja'alin
139:Shaykia
95:Demonym
89:845,000
1657:Rufa'a
1622:Maalia
1567:Fezara
1562:Fadnia
1532:Awadia
1527:Artega
1522:Ababda
1424:
1372:
1355:
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1154:Shagīa
1141:
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648:khalwa
620:Family
424:Shendi
394:Darfur
378:Shendi
289:Karima
277:Nobiin
231:Hejazi
201:Nobiin
154:Nubian
143:Arabic
1662:Selim
1577:Gimma
1511:Sudan
1353:S2CID
1345:JSTOR
711:Notes
675:henna
664:Seega
652:Quran
556:Sudan
291:near
238:Abbas
178:Korti
176:from
69:Korti
1597:Humr
1422:ISBN
1402:5, 1
1370:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1208:ISBN
1189:ISBN
973:2023
960:ISBN
933:ISBN
914:2021
864:2021
732:2024
609:lyre
514:the
506:and
426:and
234:Arab
195:, a
168:and
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562:or
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430:(
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