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heating of copper, addition of fine gold, and some addition of shirome, a by-product of copper production containing iron, arsenic and other elements. In the Edo period, it appears that the process may have used nigurome rather than copper; nigurome being itself a pre-made mix of copper and shirome. The resulting alloy was then allowed to rest in ingot moulds in heated water, before being shaped, and annealed at around 650 °C. In cooled form, the metal was then surface-finished using the niiro process. The modern process tends to omit the shirome, working with copper and gold, and other additives directly if needed.
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Due to the expensive gold content, shakudō was normally limited to accents or small items such as tsuba. Larger historical objects (such as vases) that are described as shakudō may be mislabeled, especially if the glossy blue-black color is not evident. Unpatinated or repolished shakudō will not
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The origins of shakudo date back to a period when Japan was still importing significant techniques and materials from Korea and China, but accounts of production all derive from much later, and little is known of their evolution. By the Meiji period, the initial production process entailed the
115:(710-794 AD), but it is not clear to what it referred (it could have been some form of copper, or a form of the now-known material). There are actual pieces known from the 12th century onwards. Shakudō was historically used to construct or decorate Japanese sword ("nihonto") fittings such as
135:
Materials like shakudo were historically thought to be specific to the
Chinese and Japanese, and perhaps other Asian, milieu, but recent studies have noted close similarities to certain decorative alloys used in ancient
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mean "red" and "copper" but combined they represent this material which begins with a darkened coppery-bronze color and is then modified to black or near-black.
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Oguchi, Hachiro. Japanese
Shakudo: Its History, Properties and Production from Gold-Containing Alloys. Gold Bulletin, 16, 4, 1983, pp. 125–132
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Modern artisans have revived the use of shakudō as a striking design element, in the making of jewelry, vessels, and for the technique of
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class of colored metals, which can be treated to develop a black, or sometimes indigo,
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artificial patination process, involving boiling in a solution, generally including
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decorative metal inlays of
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Fuchi. Shakudo, gold, copper alloy (sentoku). The
Walters Art Museum.
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National
Pollutant Inventory – Copper and compounds fact sheet
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Shakudō was introduced to the West in the mid-19th century.
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Shakudō is sometimes inaccurately used as a general term for
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The word "shakudō" first appears in records of the
Japanese
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247: – Alloy also known as Black Corinthian Bronze
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52:(typically 4–10% gold, 96–90% copper), one of the
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376:History of the Amita Damascene Company
227: – Japanese mixed-metal laminate
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74:; the dark color is induced by the
330:Gold Bulletin (World Gold Council)
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324:Oguchi, Hachiro (December 1983).
253: – Alloy of gold and silver
174:spontaneously patinate in air.
16:Japanese copper and gold alloy
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289:"Secret of Achilles' Shield"
94:The characters in the name
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123:Introduction to the West
905:Nickel silver (alpacca)
307:"Fuchi with Hollyhocks"
311:The Walters Art Museum
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1404:Precious metal alloys
1246:Other natural objects
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721:Wire wrapped jewelry
701:Repoussé and chasing
1263:Ebonite (vulcanite)
70:visually resembles
608:Jewellery designer
366:10.1007/BF03214636
343:10.1007/BF03214636
326:"Japanese Shakudo"
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1363:Metalworking
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830:Colored gold
711:Stonesetting
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25:Unpatinated
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1310:Art jewelry
1134:Tiger's eye
1039:Labradorite
989:Chrysocolla
984:Chrysoberyl
900:Mokume-gane
877:Base metals
649:centrifugal
618:Silversmith
493:Ferronnière
443:Belt buckle
438:Belly chain
295:1994-01-22.
224:Mokume-gane
179:mokume-gane
113:Nara period
1388:Categories
1144:Tourmaline
1089:Prasiolite
964:Aventurine
835:Crown gold
737:Draw plate
686:Metal clay
623:Watchmaker
613:Lapidarist
598:Clockmaker
473:Collar pin
468:Chatelaine
266:Panchaloha
186:damascened
160:Production
107:Early uses
37:(赤銅) is a
1290:Toadstone
1227:Operculum
1154:Variscite
1149:Turquoise
1129:Tanzanite
1064:Moonstone
1059:Marcasite
1054:Malachite
979:Carnelian
954:Amazonite
941:gemstones
915:Pinchbeck
860:Argentium
850:Shibuichi
791:Palladium
770:Materials
706:Soldering
696:Polishing
671:Engraving
666:Enameling
632:Processes
603:Goldsmith
538:Tie chain
513:Neck ring
503:Lapel pin
412:Jewellery
244:Hepatizon
208:Shibuichi
194:shibuichi
1358:Gemology
1332:Fineness
1323:(purity)
1258:Bog-wood
1205:Precious
1185:Ammolite
1124:Sunstone
1114:Sodalite
1109:Sapphire
1069:Obsidian
1009:Fluorite
999:Diopside
959:Amethyst
939:Mineral
930:Tungsten
925:Titanium
840:Electrum
796:Platinum
681:Kazaziye
676:Filigree
654:lost-wax
553:Toe ring
543:Tie clip
518:Pectoral
508:Necklace
483:Cufflink
458:Bracelet
453:Bolo tie
433:Barrette
251:Electrum
216:Kuromido
200:See also
96:shaku-dō
39:Japanese
1394:Irogane
1353:Fashion
1327:Finding
1175:Abalone
1084:Peridot
1049:Larimar
1034:Kyanite
1019:Howlite
1004:Emerald
994:Diamond
867:Tumbaga
845:Shakudō
801:Rhodium
752:Mandrel
691:Plating
644:Casting
639:Carving
548:Tie pin
523:Pendant
498:Genital
488:Earring
258:Tumbaga
102:History
83:rokushō
68:shakudō
64:lacquer
55:irogane
34:Shakudō
27:shakudō
1317:(mass)
1253:Bezoar
1159:Zircon
1119:Spinel
1094:Quartz
1029:Jasper
1014:Garnet
910:Pewter
895:Copper
890:Bronze
817:alloys
806:Silver
757:Pliers
747:Hammer
659:vacuum
586:People
579:Making
563:pocket
463:Brooch
428:Anklet
144:, and
142:Greece
90:Naming
72:bronze
60:patina
50:copper
42:billon
1321:Carat
1315:Carat
1303:Terms
1278:Shell
1232:Pearl
1222:Nacre
1212:Ivory
1200:Black
1195:Coral
1190:Copal
1180:Amber
1139:Topaz
1098:smoky
969:Beryl
949:Agate
885:Brass
730:Tools
568:strap
558:Watch
533:Tiara
478:Crown
448:Bindi
420:Forms
138:Egypt
117:tsuba
77:niiro
1273:Hair
1104:Ruby
1079:Opal
1074:Onyx
1024:Jade
786:Gold
742:File
528:Ring
146:Rome
48:and
46:gold
1217:Jet
973:red
362:doi
338:doi
169:Use
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44:of
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313:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
