704:(mount) of Shashthi and complained about the mistreatment to the goddess, who pledged to avenge it. When the youngest daughter-in-law gave birth to a son, the cat stole the child in the night and gave it to the goddess, and did the same for her next six sons. The neighbours accused the young mother of carelessness and began to believe she might be a witch who ate her own children. Finally, when a daughter was born, the young mother decided to remain awake the whole night to resolve the mystery. She managed to catch the cat in the act of robbery and wounded it with her bracelet, but the cat escaped with the child, leaving a trail of blood. The mother followed this trail to the abode of Shashthi. There she saw her sons playing around Shashthi as the goddess held the mother's infant daughter in her arms. Shashthi explained the reason for the mother's ordeal and told her to ask pardon of the cat. The mother asked the cat's pardon, which was granted, and then she promised the goddess that she would offer worship in a ritual dedicated to her, which would come to be known as the Jamai-Shasthi Vrata. The mother returned home with her children and spread the worship of the goddess, who blessed her family with children, wealth and happiness.
401:
673:("Mothers") of Skanda, and had the power to grant children to devotees. She held the child in her hand and resurrected the infant, then began to leave for her heavenly abode, taking the child with her. Priyavrata stopped the goddess, praising her and pleading that she return his son to him. The goddess agreed on the condition that Priyavrata would initiate and propagate her worship in all three worlds: heaven, earth and the netherworld. She returned the child to the king, naming him Suvrata and declaring that he should become famous as a great, virtuous, and learned ruler. Priyavrata decreed that Shashthi should be worshipped on the sixth day of every month, as well as the sixth and twenty-first days after childbirth, and on all occasions auspicious to a child. She would be worshipped in the form of a Shaligrama stone, a
784:. Her worship can be performed in the house, where she is symbolised as an earthenware pitcher; she may also be worshipped outdoors in a natural, open space consecrated to her, termed a shashthitala. In honour of Shashthi, women tie a stone in a small rag to the branch of a tree in the shasthitala: a mother does this to ask for long life for her child, while a barren woman does so to entreat the goddess to aid her in conceiving. The vrata (ritual) performed on the day of Jamai-Shashthi is also prescribed to be performed by pregnant women at least once on any Monday, Tuesday, Friday or Saturday in the month of Jyestha. Dough images of Shashthi and her black cat are prepared and worshipped, along with a water pitcher with a banyan tree branch near it.
708:
teach the young mother a lesson. In this version of the tale, the cat not only stole her six children, but also ate them. But when the seventh child was born, the mother caught the cat fleeing with her child and followed it but tripped in middle of the chase and fainted. The cat took the infant to
Shashthi's abode, where she told the goddess the whole tale of her insult. The benign goddess, however, was annoyed with the cat and rushed to the aid of the mother. The goddess explained the reason of her suffering, and after the mother had begged the cat for forgiveness and had sworn to worship Shashthi on anointed days, all seven of her children were returned to her.
681:
844:
Hindu calendar month
Bhadrav is celebrated as Shashthi Osha or sathi osha .On this day mothers worship goddess sashti for long life and well-being of their kids . A spinach curry made out of 6 different Odia saag is prepared along with six rice cakes and rice pudding (rice atakali ) as an offering to the Goddess . Mothers collect six different plant saplings and use it to beat their children as a custom for six times after the sashti pooja. It is believed that this custom would make the child's body strong and disease free .
669:(a fire-sacrifice ritual to gain a son) in an effort to conceive, but after twelve years of pregnancy, a still-born son was delivered to Malini. Priyavrata set off to the cremation grounds with the corpse of his son. On his way, he saw a celestial woman dressed in white silk and jewels, riding in a heavenly chariot. She declared to Priyavrata that she was Devasena, the daughter of Brahma and wife of Skanda. She further said that she was Shashthi, foremost of the
420:-Kuhu, and Shri-Lakshmi, the Vedic antecedent of Lakshmi, were gradually fused with the folk-deity Shashthi. This merger created a "new" Shashthi that was associated in various ways with Skanda (also known as Kartikeya or Murugan). From her origins as a folk goddess, Shashthi was gradually assimilated into the Brahmanical Hindu pantheon, and ultimately, came to be known in Hinduism as the Primordial Being and Great Mother of all. The fifth century text
601:, composed during Gupta rule between the 3rd and 5th centuries CE, describes the rites of Shashthi Puja in which Shashthi is worshipped on the sixth day after childbirth to ensure the protection of the newborn baby. According to one explanation for the worship of Shashthi on this day, folk belief associates this critical time in an infant's life with great susceptibility to diseases related to childbirth, such as
38:
752:(written between the 14th and 10th centuries BCE), which describes a ritual called Shashthi-kalpa. In the Shashthi-kalpa rite, which was described as performed on the sixth lunar day of every fortnight, Shashthi was invoked to provide sons, cattle, treasures, corn, and the fulfilment of wishes. Today, Shashthi continues to be worshipped on the sixth day of each of the twelve lunar months of the
812:, symbolising the goddess, is kept in the lying-in room. Here, the new-born baby is oiled and dressed in new clothes and rings and then named; a feast follows this ceremony. Childless people may perform a vrata (ritual) in worship of Shashthi, called either Chhati Mata or Shashthi Vrata, in an effort to conceive. Similar traditions of naming the child on the sixth day also exist in
1709:
494:
769:
765:
Shashthi, while the birth of a stillborn infant or the early death of a child are considered manifestations of her wrath. Before childbirth, Shashthi is worshipped to protect the welfare of the expecting mother. She is also invoked after childbirth on the sixth day of each month until the child reaches puberty, especially when the child is sick.
572:
312:
303:. In some early texts where Shashthi appears as an attendant of Skanda, she is said to cause diseases in the mother and child, and thus needed to be propitiated on the sixth day after childbirth. However, over time, this malignant goddess came to be seen as the benevolent saviour and bestower of children.
741:
Among Hindus, Shashthi is widely regarded the benefactor and protector of children and tutelary deity of every household. She is also worshipped as a bestower of children to the childless, and regarded as the foremost goddess for blessing children. One of the earliest scriptural sources to describe a
707:
A different version of this tale narrates that when the youngest daughter-in-law was pregnant, she secretly ate the food-offerings ritually dedicated to
Shashthi and then blamed the theft on the black cat. Angered by the dishonour of its mistress and the unjust accusation of theft, the cat pledged to
383:
tree such as those usually found on the outskirts of villages. The banyan may be decorated with flowers or strewn with rice and other offerings. Shashthi is also commonly represented by planting a banyan tree or a small branch in the soil of a family's home garden. Other common representations of the
795:
In Bengal, on the night of the sixth day after childbirth, a number of items may be placed in the lying-in chamber in deference to
Shashthi, such as an earthen pitcher of water covered with a napkin, offerings of husked rice, cooked rice, bananas and sweets, bangles, and pieces of gold and silver. A
579:
Over time, the characterisation of
Shashthi underwent a gradual evolution. Aforementioned folk traditions originating between the 10th and 5th centuries BCE associated the goddess with both positive and negative elements of fertility, birth, motherhood and childhood. However, between the 4th century
229:
as the benefactor and protector of children. She is also the deity of vegetation and reproduction and is believed to bestow children and assist during childbirth. She is often pictured as a motherly figure, riding a cat and nursing one or more infants. She is symbolically represented in a variety of
584:
calls
Shashthi by the epithet Jataharini ("one who steals the born") and provides a list of the malevolent activities in which Shashthi is believed to engage, including her practice of stealing foetuses from the womb and devouring children on the sixth day following birth. For this reason, the text
843:
is the most important of these and holds the same status in Orissa as the Aranva-Shashthi ritual in Bengal. By these rites, it is believed a childless woman may gain offspring, while a mother may secure the longevity and welfare of her child by the grace of the goddess. IN odisha the sixth day of
764:
In North India, Shashthi is worshipped at childbirth and puberty, and during marriage rites. When the pregnant woman is isolated during childbirth in the lying-in chamber, a cow-dung figure of the goddess is traditionally kept in the room. The birth of a living child is considered the blessing of
592:
Eventually, Shashthi came to represent all goddesses and forces responsible for causing diseases in children and their mothers, who needed to be propitiated on the sixth day after childbirth to prevent these illnesses. Consequently, Shashthi came to personify the sixth day of a child's life. The
426:
includes
Shashthi in a list of 49 goddesses, while a Puranic text calls her "the worthiest of worship among mother goddesses." However, the long-standing universality of her worship has led scholar David Gordon White to challenge the classification of Shashthi as a folk goddess, observing that
827:, the goddess is worshipped in the lying-in room on the sixth day after childbirth, on the 21st day after childbirth and on every subsequent birthday of the child until he or she reaches the age of sixteen. Shashthi is also prescribed to be worshipped the sixth day of each of the two
326:– a hymn describing the iconography of a deity, upon which a devotee of Shashthi should meditate – describes her as a fair young woman with a pleasant appearance, bedecked in divine garments and jewellery with an auspicious twig laying in her lap. A cat (
400:
238:
as well as on the sixth day after a child's birth. Barren women desiring to conceive and mothers seeking to ensure the protection of their children will worship
Shashthi and request her blessings and aid. She is especially venerated in eastern India.
531:, wherein Shashthi is also identified as the sixth form of Skanda and a sister of the five Skanda deities. Like Skanda, Shashthi is occasionally depicted with six heads, in which form she is also known by the epithet Shanmukhi ("six-headed").
368:. In Yaudheya images, she is shown to have two arms and six heads that are arranged in two tiers of three heads each, while in Kushan images, the central head is surrounded by five female heads, sometimes attached to female torsos. Terracotta
760:
chamber where the birth has taken place. Shashthi is worshipped in a different form in each of these lunar months as the deities
Chandan, Aranya, Kardama, Lunthana, Chapeti, Durga, Nadi, Mulaka, Anna, Sitala, Gorupini or Ashoka.
355:
coins, sculptures and inscriptions produced from 500 BCE to 1200 CE picture the six-headed
Shashthi, often on the reverse of the coin, with the six-headed Skanda on the obverse. Shashthi is also pictured in a Kushan-era
808:, the sixth day ceremony is called Chhathi or Chhati ("sixth") and Shashthi is known by the epithet Chhati Mata ("Mother Chhati"). A lump of cow dung dressed in red cloth or paper and covered with
580:
BCE and the 5th century CE, a shift occurred in which Shashthi was increasingly depicted as a malevolent deity associated with the sufferings of mothers and children. The fifth century text
780:
and South India, Shashthi is worshipped on the sixth day after childbirth and on Aranya-Shashthi (also called Jamai-Shashthi), the sixth day of the bright fortnight of the Hindu month of
638:: all of them are characterised in early texts as malevolent goddesses, but over the course of time these deities transform from devourers of children into their saviours and protectors.
525:-followers collectively known as the skanda graha, one of whom – Revati – is given the epithet "Shashthi." This association of Revati with Shashthi is reiterated in the 5th century text
412:
The general consensus among scholars of Hinduism traces the origins of Shashthi, like Skanda, back to ancient folk traditions. Over the course of the early centuries BCE, the
847:
In North India, women worship Shashthi on Ashoka Shashthi, the sixth lunar day of the month of Chaitra. In this region, women will drink water from six flower-buds of the
1555:
438:
In textual references, Shashthi is often depicted as closely connected to Skanda. An early textual reference dating to 8th–9th century BCE relates Shashthi to the six
319:
Shashthi is portrayed as a motherly figure, often nursing or carrying as many as eight infants in her arms. Her complexion is usually depicted as yellow or golden. A
544:
rite was performed on the sixth lunar day of every fortnight invoking Shashthi to provide sons, cattle, treasures, corn, and the fulfilment of wishes. The scripture
295:. References to this goddess appear in Hindu scriptures as early as 8th and 9th century BCE, in which she is associated with children as well as the Hindu war-god
1269:
517:
identifies this textual account as a source of the modern-day practice of mothers worshipping Shashthi until their child reaches the age of sixteen. In the
575:
Like the Hindu demoness Jara and the Buddhist goddess Hariti, Shashthi was originally a devourer of children who gradually evolved into their protector.
851:
to secure the well-being of their children. Women observe Khas Shashthi in the month of Pausha by fasting to ensure the longevity of their children.
729:, the serpent goddess. Shashthi furthermore appears as an ally of Manasa in a famous Bengali folk-tale describing Shashthi's activities during the
548:, composed between the 8th and 11th centuries, describes Shashthi as the daughter of Indra. Texts written over the last 500 years, such as the
1548:
1193:
906:
into their protector. In contemporary iconography, Hariti, like Shashthi, is pictured surrounded with children and is affiliated with a cat.
340:(mount) upon which she rides. Older depictions of Shashthi may show her as cat-faced, while another reference describes her as bird-faced.
680:
521:, Shashthi is described as an attendant of Skanda who behaves malevolently by causing disease. Skanda is furthermore said to have 18
1524:
1503:
1484:
1385:
1322:
1297:
1263:
1234:
1166:
1092:
1021:
971:
568:, the universal female energy said to be composed of six aspects: one of these, typically the sixth aspect, is said to be Shashthi.
792:
are offered to her in units of six. In North India, Shashthi is worshipped in the form of the banyan tree, which is sacred to her.
612:
Over the past 1500 years, the characterisation of Shashthi gradually shifted toward that of a benevolent and protective figure. In
490:, the images of Skanda and Shashthi are also said to have painted together on the wall of a palace lying-in chamber of the queen.
1541:
234:
are also consecrated for her worship. The worship of Shashthi is prescribed to occur on the sixth day of each lunar month of the
700:
that used to secretly steal food and then blame a black cat, which was thrashed as punishment. The black cat happened to be the
379:
The folk worship representation of Shashthi is a red-coloured stone about the size of a human head, typically placed beneath a
230:
forms, including an earthenware pitcher, a banyan tree or part of it or a red stone beneath such a tree; outdoor spaces termed
626:
by the same author calls her Bahuputrika, meaning "having many children". Shashthi's evolution mirrors that of the demoness
2071:
2066:
696:
A Bengali folk-tale about Shashthi tells of the youngest of seven daughters-in-law in a prosperous household who was a
299:. Early references consider her a foster-mother of Skanda, but in later texts she is identified with Skanda's consort,
1892:
456:
1251:
2081:
804:) comes into the home after everyone is asleep and writes the child's fortune on the paper with invisible ink. In
796:
pen and paper are also kept in the room, because it is believed that Shashthi (or, according to some traditions,
513:("Mothers"), a group of female deities who embody the perils that afflict children until the age of sixteen. The
2061:
2012:
1848:
692:(mount) of Shashthi – stole a woman's infant children as revenge for an injustice she had committed against it.
478:
to Skanda. She is also identified with goddesses Shri, Lakshmi, Sinivali, and Kuhu in this text. The scripture
347:
era representations between the first and third centuries CE, she is depicted as two-armed and six-headed like
1222:
Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
1188:. The Sacred books of the Hindus. Translated by Naraharayya, Samarao Narasimha. Cosmos Publications. 2008.
2076:
550:
1514:
772:
The banyan tree is considered sacred to Shashthi, and in worship the tree often represents this goddess.
556:
534:
Shashthi is historically associated with a variety of other deities. The second century BCE composition
460:
describes Shashthi as the foster-mother and protector of Skanda. However, later texts identified her as
137:
133:
1477:
Making virtuous daughters and wives: an introduction to women's Brata rituals in Bengali folk religion
392:– a water vase with an arrangement of coconut and mango leaves – generally set beneath a banyan tree.
2019:
1827:
1942:
1697:
1226:
509:, finalised around the 4th century CE, describes a relationship between the infant Skanda and the
380:
505:
Scriptures and folk traditions also connect Shashthi and Skanda in numerous indirect ways. The
1880:
1520:
1499:
1480:
1381:
1318:
1293:
1259:
1230:
1189:
1162:
1088:
1017:
967:
522:
196:
1812:
1341:
781:
659:
204:
2038:
1767:
1752:
1576:
602:
540:
identifies Shashthi with Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and beauty. It also describes the
527:
258:, on the sixth day of the lunar month of Kartika (October–November) in the Hindu calendar
1377:
1220:
713:
1666:
862:
820:, Shashthi (known as Chhathi or Be-Mata) is said to decide the future of the new-born.
753:
405:
235:
1516:
Modern Hinduism : an account of the religion and life of Hindus in Northern India
2055:
2003:
1564:
836:
824:
618:
432:
344:
292:
259:
585:
recommends that she be propitiated through worship in her honour on this day in the
37:
1085:
Many heads, arms, and eyes: origin, meaning, and form of multiplicity in Indian art
730:
536:
480:
373:
369:
961:
243:
1996:
1971:
1912:
1708:
1686:
1568:
1216:
848:
797:
466:
422:
285:
128:
1371:
442:
who nurtured and nursed Skanda. Sometimes regarded as an aspect of the goddess
1978:
1907:
1621:
886:
840:
627:
613:
451:
385:
53:
609:, and that worship of Shashthi is performed to help ward off these diseases.
404:
Kushan-era image of Shashthi between Skanda and Vishakha, c. 2nd century CE,
1966:
1897:
1787:
1730:
1646:
809:
785:
748:
486:
471:
296:
175:
1533:
935:
493:
328:
212:
69:
2033:
1989:
1961:
1931:
1917:
1797:
1782:
1641:
1584:
757:
697:
670:
586:
565:
510:
498:
461:
439:
417:
365:
352:
300:
218:
179:
93:
63:
1290:
The many faces of Murukan: the history and meaning of a South Indian god
1983:
1956:
1817:
1792:
1772:
1740:
1735:
1725:
1651:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1611:
890:
866:
817:
813:
768:
606:
594:
484:
also describes Shashthi as the wife of Skanda. In the 7th century text
447:
389:
361:
357:
348:
263:
1157:
Singh, Nagendra Kr., ed. (2000). "A Folk deity in Purana Literature".
893:
and was then adored as the saviour of children throughout the kingdom.
376:
show the goddess with three heads on the front and three on the back.
262:. The rituals are observed over four days. They include holy bathing,
1927:
1922:
1887:
1875:
1865:
1832:
1822:
1757:
1676:
1656:
1594:
1589:
903:
854:
828:
801:
777:
726:
689:
635:
561:
336:
322:
280:
274:
267:
255:
251:
118:
108:
622:, Shashthi is called Jatamatr ("mother of the born one"), while the
571:
427:
Shashthi has been worshipped on the sixth day after childbirth by "
311:
1951:
1870:
1802:
1762:
1747:
1671:
1636:
1599:
858:
805:
789:
767:
679:
665:
570:
492:
475:
443:
413:
399:
310:
247:
226:
222:
161:
155:
1902:
1842:
1807:
1777:
1717:
1691:
1681:
1661:
1606:
902:
Initially a devourer of children, Hariti was transformed by the
662:(the progenitor of mankind) – and his wife Malini performed the
89:
1537:
725:
and Bengali folk tales describe Shashthi as closely related to
885:
Initially described as a killer, Jara gave life to the prince
658:, narrates the tale of Shashthi. King Priyavrata – the son of
1014:
Kiss of the Yogini: "Tantric Sex" in Its South Asian Contexts
291:
Most scholars believe that Shashthi's roots can be traced to
284:
to the setting and rising sun. Some devotees also perform a
742:
ritual in her honour is the second century BCE composition
589:
room and on the sixth day of every fortnight thereafter.
315:
The Purna Ghata sometimes represents Shashthi in worship.
30:
Goddess of children, reproduction, child birth, mid-wives
1161:. Vol. 31–45. Anmol Publications. pp. 861–72.
756:, as well as on the sixth day after childbirth in the
560:
describe Shashthi as the daughter of the creator-god
1940:
1858:
1716:
1575:
1186:
Yajnavalkya Smriti: Book 2: The Prayaschita Adhyaya
677:under a banyan tree, or an image of her on a wall.
597:, a name derived from the name of the goddess. The
171:
148:
143:
127:
117:
107:
99:
85:
77:
62:
52:
44:
23:
593:sixth day of the lunar fortnight is itself called
454:("Skanda's mother"). The 3rd to 5th century text
431:Hindus: rural as well as urban people, since the
470:wherein Shashthi (as Devasena) -the daughter of
1411:
1409:
942:The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography
242:Also known as Chhathi Maiya, the sixth form of
1448:
1446:
861:(sun god), twice in a year(In lunar months of
1549:
1336:
1334:
1292:. The Hague: Mouton Publishers. p. 135.
1180:
1178:
8:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1037:
1035:
1033:
857:is celebrated in Bihar in honour of her and
464:, the consort of Skanda, including the epic
450:– the mother of Skanda), she is also called
564:. In addition, she is associated with Mula-
501:, who is sometimes identified with Shashthi
250:sister is worshipped as the Goddess of the
1556:
1542:
1534:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1258:. New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.
36:
1083:Srinivasan, Doris Meth (1997). "Ṣaṣṭhī".
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
955:
953:
951:
929:
927:
925:
923:
865:, given more prominence and other one in
711:Shashthi's Bengali legends appear in the
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1007:
1005:
1003:
288:march as they head for the river banks.
1519:(2 ed.). Thacjer, Spink & Co.
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
919:
878:
1344:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2010
1225:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. p.
388:stone, an earthen water pitcher, or a
20:
966:. Sacred Texts Archive. p. 477.
831:occurring each month; as part of the
351:. A significant number of Kushan and
7:
1376:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1317:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 218.
835:rites, the worship occurring on the
266:and abstaining from drinking water (
416:fertility goddess of the new moon,
272:), standing in water, and offering
1272:from the original on 22 June 2023.
963:Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic
254:. It is celebrated six days after
14:
364:region, surrounded by Skanda and
1707:
634:and a similar Buddhist goddess,
396:Evolution and textual references
1494:Bhattacharji, Sukumari (1998).
1370:Underhill, M. M. (March 1921).
788:and leaves, fruits, sweets and
474:- is betrothed by the god-king
1250:Singh, Nagendra Kumar (2002).
16:Hindu folk goddess of children
1:
1415:For Jamai-Shasthi Vrata, see
1012:White, David Gordon (2003).
1252:"Encyclopaedia of Hinduism"
936:
329:
213:
70:
2098:
721:section of this work. The
688:tale, the black cat – the
372:(320–550 CE) figures from
217:, literally "sixth") is a
2029:
1705:
1315:Aspects of early Viṣnuiṣm
1313:Gonda, J. (1993). "Sri".
1288:Clothey, Fred W. (1978).
1256:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism
1159:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism
1087:. Brill. pp. 333–5.
717:texts, especially in the
515:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism
208:
200:
35:
28:
2013:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1431:: Bhattacharji pp. 69–71
1373:The Hindu religious year
650:, appended to the texts
497:Skanda with his consort
1513:Wilkins, W. J. (1900).
1475:McDaniel, June (2003).
1452:Wilkins (1900) pp. 68–9
1403:: Bhattacharji pp. 66–9
960:Wilkins, W. J. (1900).
278:(prayer offerings) and
773:
693:
652:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
648:Shashthidevyupakhyanam
576:
551:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
502:
409:
316:
221:goddess, venerated in
178:(when identified with
113:Om shashthi devi namah
771:
683:
656:Devi Bhagavata Purana
574:
557:Devi Bhagavata Purana
496:
403:
314:
293:Hindu folk traditions
138:Devi Bhagavata Purana
134:Brahmavaivarta Purana
1401:The Stillborn Prince
934:Stutley, Margaret. "
733:festival of Manasa.
616:'s 7th century work
2072:Fertility goddesses
2067:Childhood goddesses
1461:Wilkins(1900) p. 10
1419:: McDaniel pp. 46–9
686:Jamai-Shasthi Vrata
646:A chapter entitled
1498:. Orient Longman.
1059:Bhattacharji p. 66
774:
746:, appended to the
744:Manava Grhya Sutra
694:
599:Yajnavalkya Smriti
577:
537:Manava Grhya Sutra
503:
457:Yajnavalkya Smriti
410:
384:goddess include a
317:
2082:Children of Indra
2047:
2046:
1440:McDaniel pp. 55–7
1429:The Cat's Revenge
1195:978-81-307-0545-3
1016:. pp. 40–3.
816:. In Gujarat and
523:malevolent spirit
446:(identified with
186:
185:
48:Devasena, Kaumari
2089:
1711:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1535:
1530:
1509:
1490:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1417:Jamaisathi Brata
1413:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1285:
1274:
1273:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1213:
1200:
1199:
1182:
1173:
1172:
1154:
1099:
1098:
1080:
1069:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1042:
1039:
1028:
1027:
1009:
978:
977:
957:
946:
945:
939:
931:
907:
900:
894:
883:
839:of the month of
837:bright fortnight
829:lunar fortnights
660:Svayambhuva Manu
582:Kashyapa Samhita
528:Kashyapa Samhita
332:
216:
210:
202:
73:
40:
21:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2062:Hindu goddesses
2052:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2039:Hindu mythology
2025:
1936:
1854:
1712:
1703:
1571:
1562:
1527:
1512:
1506:
1496:Legends of Devi
1493:
1487:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1287:
1286:
1277:
1266:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1156:
1155:
1102:
1095:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1045:
1041:Wilkins pp. 6–8
1040:
1031:
1024:
1011:
1010:
981:
974:
959:
958:
949:
933:
932:
921:
916:
911:
910:
901:
897:
884:
880:
875:
739:
719:Shashthi-mangal
644:
603:puerperal fever
398:
360:triad from the
309:
252:chhath festival
167:
66:transliteration
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1948:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1510:
1504:
1491:
1485:
1479:. SUNY Press.
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1454:
1442:
1433:
1421:
1405:
1393:
1386:
1355:
1330:
1323:
1305:
1298:
1275:
1264:
1242:
1235:
1201:
1194:
1174:
1167:
1100:
1093:
1070:
1068:McDaniel p. 39
1061:
1043:
1029:
1022:
979:
972:
947:
944:. p. 127.
918:
917:
915:
912:
909:
908:
895:
877:
876:
874:
871:
754:Hindu calendar
738:
735:
643:
640:
542:Shashthi-kalpa
406:Mathura Museum
397:
394:
308:
305:
236:Hindu calendar
184:
183:
173:
169:
168:
166:
165:
159:
152:
150:
146:
145:
141:
140:
131:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
67:
60:
59:
56:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
29:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2094:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2077:Cat goddesses
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2050:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2004:Bhagavad Gita
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:Other deities
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:Hindu deities
1559:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1528:
1526:0-524-09142-0
1522:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1505:81-250-1438-1
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1486:0-7914-5565-3
1482:
1478:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1387:81-206-0523-3
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:81-208-1087-2
1320:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1299:90-279-7632-5
1295:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1265:9788174881687
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1236:0-8426-0822-2
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:81-7488-168-9
1164:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:90-04-10758-4
1090:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1023:0-226-89483-5
1019:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
980:
975:
973:1-4021-9308-4
969:
965:
964:
956:
954:
952:
948:
943:
938:
930:
928:
926:
924:
920:
913:
905:
899:
896:
892:
888:
882:
879:
872:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
850:
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
770:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
750:
745:
736:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:
709:
705:
703:
699:
691:
687:
682:
678:
676:
672:
668:
667:
664:putrakamesti
661:
657:
653:
649:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:
619:Harshacharita
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
590:
588:
583:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:
553:
552:
547:
543:
539:
538:
532:
530:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
500:
495:
491:
489:
488:
483:
482:
477:
473:
469:
468:
463:
459:
458:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
425:
424:
419:
415:
407:
402:
395:
393:
391:
387:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
338:
333:
331:
325:
324:
313:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
282:
277:
276:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:Vikram Samvat
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:Devi Prakriti
240:
237:
233:
228:
224:
220:
215:
206:
198:
194:
190:
181:
177:
174:
170:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
151:
147:
142:
139:
135:
132:
130:
126:
122:
120:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
19:
2049:
2018:
2011:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1913:Gramadevatas
1847:
1837:
1696:
1515:
1495:
1476:
1457:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1372:
1346:. Retrieved
1314:
1308:
1289:
1255:
1245:
1221:
1217:Mani, Vettam
1185:
1158:
1084:
1064:
1013:
962:
941:
898:
881:
853:
846:
832:
822:
794:
775:
763:
747:
743:
740:
731:Nag Panchami
723:Mangal-Kavya
722:
718:
714:Mangal-Kavya
712:
710:
706:
701:
695:
685:
674:
663:
655:
651:
647:
645:
631:
623:
617:
611:
598:
591:
581:
578:
555:
549:
546:Padma Purana
545:
541:
535:
533:
526:
518:
514:
506:
504:
485:
481:Padma Purana
479:
465:
455:
437:
428:
421:
411:
378:
374:Ahichchhatra
342:
335:
327:
320:
318:
290:
279:
273:
268:
248:Lord Surya's
241:
232:shashthitala
231:
192:
188:
187:
18:
1997:Mahabharata
1908:Kuladevatas
1687:Vishvakarma
849:Ashoka tree
798:Chitragupta
675:Purna Ghata
632:Mahabharata
519:Mahabharata
507:Mahabharata
467:Mahabharata
423:Vayu Purana
390:Purna Ghata
307:Iconography
286:prostration
86:Affiliation
45:Other names
2056:Categories
1979:Upanishads
1898:Gandharvas
1622:Dattatreya
1469:References
1348:3 December
1342:"Shashthi"
887:Jarasandha
841:Bhadrapada
786:Betel nuts
614:Banabhatta
452:Skandamata
386:Shaligrama
103:Skandaloka
54:Devanagari
1918:Rakshasas
1788:Mahavidya
1731:Saraswati
1718:Goddesses
1647:Kartikeya
873:Footnotes
810:vermilion
749:Yajurveda
624:Kadambari
487:Kadambari
472:Prajapati
440:Krittikas
370:Gupta era
334:) is the
256:Deepavali
176:Kartikeya
144:Genealogy
2034:Hinduism
1990:Ramayana
1932:Yakshini
1838:Shashthi
1798:Matrikas
1783:Mahadevi
1585:Trimurti
1270:Archived
1219:(1975).
869:month.)
782:Jyeshtha
758:lying-in
671:Matrikas
587:lying-in
566:Prakriti
554:and the
511:Matrikas
499:Devasena
462:Devasena
418:Sinivali
366:Vishakha
353:Yaudheya
301:Devasena
197:Sanskrit
189:Shashthi
180:Devasena
164:(mother)
158:(father)
94:Prakriti
64:Sanskrit
24:Shashthi
1984:Puranas
1972:Atharva
1941:Texts (
1928:Yakshas
1923:Vahanas
1893:Dikpāla
1866:Apsaras
1818:Rukmini
1793:Matangi
1741:Parvati
1736:Lakshmi
1726:Tridevi
1652:Krishna
1632:Hanuman
1627:Ganesha
1617:Chandra
1612:Ashvins
891:Magadha
867:Chaitra
818:Haryana
814:Gujarat
737:Worship
698:glutton
684:In the
642:Legends
630:of the
607:tetanus
595:Shashti
448:Parvati
362:Mathura
358:Vrishni
330:mārjāra
321:Dhyana-
264:fasting
205:Bengali
193:Shashti
172:Consort
149:Parents
78:Bengali
1888:Devata
1881:Danava
1876:Daitya
1871:Asuras
1833:Shakti
1823:Sanjna
1813:Rohini
1773:Shachi
1758:Chhaya
1677:Varuna
1667:Shasta
1657:Kubera
1595:Vishnu
1590:Brahma
1523:
1502:
1483:
1384:
1321:
1296:
1262:
1233:
1192:
1165:
1091:
1020:
970:
937:Ṣaṣṭhī
904:Buddha
863:Kartik
855:Chhath
825:Orissa
802:Brahma
778:Bengal
727:Manasa
702:vahana
690:vahana
636:Hariti
562:Brahma
435:era."
433:Kushan
381:banyan
349:Skanda
345:Kushan
337:vahana
323:mantra
297:Skanda
281:arghya
275:prasad
214:Ṣaṣṭhī
109:Mantra
71:Ṣaṣṭhī
1967:Yajur
1952:Vedas
1803:Radha
1768:Ganga
1763:Durga
1753:Bhumi
1748:Aditi
1672:Surya
1637:Indra
1600:Shiva
1569:texts
914:Notes
859:Surya
833:vrata
806:Bihar
790:kheer
666:yajna
476:Indra
444:Durga
414:Vedic
269:vrata
227:India
223:Nepal
219:Hindu
209:ষষ্ঠী
201:षष्ठी
162:Sachi
156:Indra
129:Texts
119:Mount
100:Abode
81:ষষ্ঠী
58:षष्ठी
2020:more
1962:Sama
1943:list
1903:Gana
1849:more
1843:Sita
1828:Sati
1808:Rati
1778:Kali
1698:more
1692:Yama
1682:Vayu
1662:Rama
1642:Kama
1607:Agni
1577:Gods
1567:and
1521:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1380:–5.
1350:2010
1319:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1231:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1018:ISBN
968:ISBN
654:and
628:Jara
605:and
246:and
225:and
90:Devi
1957:Rig
1378:103
1227:700
940:".
889:of
823:In
800:or
776:In
429:all
343:In
211:,
191:or
123:Cat
2058::
1930:/
1445:^
1408:^
1358:^
1333:^
1278:^
1268:.
1254:.
1229:.
1204:^
1177:^
1103:^
1073:^
1046:^
1032:^
982:^
950:^
922:^
207::
203:,
199::
136:,
92:,
1945:)
1557:e
1550:t
1543:v
1529:.
1508:.
1489:.
1390:.
1352:.
1327:.
1302:.
1239:.
1198:.
1171:.
1097:.
1026:.
976:.
408:.
195:(
182:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
