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Patriarchs). In any case, the vilification of
Shenxiu by Shenhui occurred some thirty years after Shenxiu's death. During his lifetime, and especially his relatively brief teaching in the capital cities of the Tang dynasty, Shenxiu's teachings were received with widespread acceptance and reverence. The influence of Shenxiu's teachings on subsequent Chan doctrine and practices is still a somewhat open question.
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408:頓教) teaching. However, although a substantial amount of Shenhui's polemics survive, he is never recorded as mentioning this verse contest, which he presumably would have done in order to bolster the case for his descent from the superior Huineng. For this reason, in part, scholars doubt the historicity of the verse contest. Instead, it is thought that the Platform Sutra was composed by the
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369:
Huineng heard the monks chanting this verse and asked about it. When told the story of
Hongren's contest, Huineng asked a monk to take him to the wall where Shenxiu's verse was written. There he asked someone to write his own verse. According to a later version of the Platform Sutra (two significant variants exist in older versions), Huineng's verse read
344:. None of the monks dared to write anything, deferring to Shenxiu who they believed would be the rightful Dharma heir. Shenxiu, full of doubts about his own motivations and with the weight of expectation upon him, chose to write a verse anonymously on a corridor wall in the night. Shenxiu's verse read:
458:
in all daily activities, here and now. Every act was seen as religious practice. For example, he saw simple activities, like taking a bath, as a religious act. He taught that soap used to clean away dirt “is actually the ability of discrimination by which one can ferret out the sources of evil within
339:
of
Huineng, but it was almost certainly not an historical event. The account given in the Platform Sutra is as follows: Hongren, realizing he was coming to the end of his years, instructed his monks to compose a "mind-verse" to demonstrate their level of attainment. The winner of the contest would be
468:
In meditation practice, Shenxiu taught that the student should develop the innate ability of the mind “to illuminate and understand all things” and to see the emptiness of all things. He taught that there is a profound stillness and tranquility in all things. A “Northern School” text abbreviated as
393:
The account says that publicly
Hongren denigrated this verse but that later, in private, he taught Huineng the true meaning of the Diamond Sutra, thereby awakening Huineng to the sutra's profound teaching. Hongren gave Huineng the robe of transmission and told him to flee the monastery in secret at
368:
Publicly, Hongren praised this verse and instructed all his monks to recite it. Privately, Hongren asked
Shenxiu to compose another verse as Hongren believed that Shenxiu's verse did not display true understanding of the Dharma. Shenxiu was unable to compose another verse. Meanwhile, the illiterate
412:
in an attempt to reconcile the artificial split between the so-called
Northern and Southern Schools. According to the Buddhologist John McRae, the two verses were likely intended to complement one another and speak of two sides of one practice. Further, Shenxiu's verse does not explicitly suggest
502:
is in the instant. Why worry about your white hair (i.e., about your age)?” Shenxiu's exhortations to constant, unremitting practice gave
Shenhui the opening to attack the teaching as “gradualist” (a charge which would ironically apply to the entire Dongshan tradition of the Fourth and Fifth
413:
gradualism, but rather alludes to a need for constant, unending practice. Whatever the case may be, historically speaking it is clear that
Shenxiu was a far more respected and prominent teacher than the virtually unknown Huineng, who only became famous through later
291:
describe
Shenxiu's path being bedecked with flowers and the master riding on a litter of the type reserved for the imperial family. In an unprecedented gesture, the Empress knelt before the Chan master, touching her forehead to the ground in reverence. The
216:
during a famine to plead the release of grain to the starving population. There he met an unnamed
Buddhist and was inspired to take up Buddhism. After some seven years of a homeless life visiting the famous mountain centres of China, Shenxiu took the
271:
It is not clear why, but sometime around 665–668, Shenxiu was banished by the emperor and remained in hiding for ten years, returning to public notice between 676 and 679. He initially took up residence at the Jade Spring Monastery
568:
Historical writings date Huineng’s arrival at Hongren’s monastery sometime between 659 and 674 (the sources disagree on the date). Fa-hai’s (n.d.) preface to the Platform Sutra gives the year as 661. see McRae, 1986:285
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McRae is adamant it never happened, saying,"Here we can be definitive: there is no such possibility whatsoever, and the account must be accepted as a brilliant and religiously meaningful bit of fiction. (McRae,
459:
oneself.” Cleaning the mouth with toothpicks is “nothing less than the Truth by which one puts an end to false speech.” Overt religious activities such as burning of incense were seen as “the unconditioned
400:, a successor of Huineng, publicly criticized Shenxiu and associated him with the "Northern School", a term which Shenhui is thought to have invented. He claimed this "school" taught a "gradualist" (
208:, then secondary capital of China. His family name was Li. His family was aristocratic and may have been related to the Tang dynasty imperial family He was educated in the Chinese classics and
433:東山) tradition of Hongren. The “Northern School” appellation was applied in the early 730s by the monk Shenhui who accused Shenxiu of teaching a “gradualist” approach to Chan Buddhism.
498:), a Northern text which Zen scholar John McRae claims is “unquestionably written by him ” emphatically states: “It does not take long to witness this (i.e., to realize sagehood);
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993:
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One of the most well-known and cherished legends in Chan is the verse writing contest involving Shenxiu and Huineng at Hongren's monastery. The story can be found in the
327:(大通禪師; Greatly Penetrating Dhyāna Master), only the second time in Chinese Buddhism and the first for three hundred years that this imperial honour had been bestowed.
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Yampolsky, Philip B (1967) The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch: the text of Tun-Huang manuscript, translated, with notes, Columbia University Press
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Even though Shenxiu and the so-called “Northern School” were subsequently attacked as teaching a gradualist approach to enlightenment, the
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McRae, John (2003) Seeing through Zen: Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism, University of California Press
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Dumoulin, Heinrich (1994, 1998) Zen Buddhism: A History, Volume I, India and China, Simon & Schuster and Prentice Hall International
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It is only in the later version that the third line, "Fundamentally there is not a single thing", can be found. (see McRae, 2003:61-61)
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Faure, Bernard (1996, 1998) The Will to Orthodoxy: A Critical Genealogy of Northern Chan Buddhism, Stanford University Press
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477:五方便) states: “in purity there is not a single thing…Peaceful and vast without limit, its untaintedness is the path of
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McRae, John (1986) The Northern School and the Formation of Early Ch’an Buddhism, University of Hawaii Press
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McRae points out that the earliest version of the Platform Sutra has two versions of Huineng's verse:
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188:(Treatise on the Contemplation of the Mind, written between 675 and 700), a text once attributed to
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For the last five years of his life, Shenxiu traveled between the two capitals of Luoyang and
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the date is McRae’s (1986:54). Yampolsky gives the date as April 15, 706 (Yampolsky, 1967:16)
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night. According to the legend, Huineng thereby became the Sixth and last Patriarch of Chan.
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assiduously. He re-interpreted the scriptures as metaphors of “skilful means” (Sanskrit:
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and became a Buddhist at the age of thirteen when he went to the government granaries at
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to teach Chan Buddhism. His welcome in 701 was by all accounts quite spectacular. The
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by Hu Shih, Philosophy East and West, Vol.. 3, No. 1 (January, 1953), pp. 3–24
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2011:
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268:, with whom Shenxiu supposedly had the famous verse-writing contest. (see below)
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for six years, thereby leaving in 657, before the arrival of the Sixth Patriarch,
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1991:
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404:漸教) idea of enlightenment as opposed to Huineng's supposedly superior "sudden" (
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go on to say that “From princes and nobles down, everyone took refuge in him.”
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483:(बोधि). The mind serene and enlightenment distinct, the body’s serenity is the
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Legends in Chan: The Northern/Southern Split, Hui-neng and The Platform Sutra
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276:玉泉寺) but soon one was built for him, the Monastery of the Six Perfections (
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Traces of his activities for the next twenty-five years were lost, the
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17:
303:, preaching the Buddhist Dharma before passing away at his monastery,
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Although Shenxiu was labeled a teacher of the “Northern School” (
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see McRae, 1986:48–50 for speculation as to Shenxiu’s banishment
810:
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256:). In 651 he began to study under Hongren. The aforementioned
307:, reportedly sitting in meditation, on February 28, 706. The
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In late 700 the Empress Wu invited Shenxiu to the capital at
244:) and ceremonies and devoted himself to the practice of
240:) claim that Shenxiu studied the Buddhist regulations (
436:
Shenxiu was highly educated and studied the Buddhist
801:
Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism in China:Its History and Method
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289:Annals of the Transmission of the Dharma-treasure
238:Annals of the Transmission of the Dharma-treasure
672:The bright mirror is originally clear and pure.
280:度門寺廟) where he spent the next quarter century.
340:named Sixth Patriarch and receive the robe of
822:
200:Shenxiu was born in Weishi County, suburb of
8:
1604:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
152:, 606?–706) was one of the most influential
653:The Buddha-nature is always clear and pure.
633:the verses are taken from McRae, 2003:61-62
829:
815:
807:
384:Fundamentally there is not a single thing.
37:
26:
496:Treatise on the Contemplation of the Mind
356:The mind is like a bright mirror's stand.
359:At all times we must strive to polish it
225:(洛阳), the Buddhist centre at the end of
2791:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
525:
323:(705-710) granted the posthumous title
148:
2994:List of Buddhist architecture in China
669:The body is the bright mirror's stand.
450:方便) for “contemplation of the mind," (
7:
381:The bright mirror also has no stand.
2781:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
313:Records of the Lankavatara Masters
25:
454:看心) advocating the attainment of
315:) state that his last words were
252:) and the development of wisdom (
184:, and the putative author of the
76:February 28, 706 or April 15, 706
3462:
3452:
3451:
3009:Thai temple art and architecture
2754:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
994:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
860:
847:
837:
417:, including the Platform Sutra.
861:
221:in 625 at Tankong monastery in
2999:Japanese Buddhist architecture
2801:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
1881:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1072:Places where the Buddha stayed
675:Where could there be any dust?
362:and must not let dust collect.
219:full precepts of Buddhist monk
138:
1:
3014:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
656:Where is there room for dust?
650:The mirror also has no stand.
647:Bodhi originally has no tree.
176:(601–674), honoured by
2771:Buddhism and the Roman world
2747:Decline of Buddhism in India
2742:History of Buddhism in India
842: Topics in
260:states that he studied with
3505:Tang dynasty Buddhist monks
1969:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
1709:
3526:
2919:The unanswerable questions
666:The mind is the bodhi tree
229:since the second century.
3447:
3004:Buddhist temples in Korea
1567:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1470:Three planes of existence
1077:Buddha in world religions
856:
129:
36:
2786:Persecution of Buddhists
2007:Four stages of awakening
1388:Three marks of existence
974:Physical characteristics
532:Dumoulin:1994, 1998:109)
515:(Chinese: 無住; 714-774CE)
2149:Ten principal disciples
1032:(aunt, adoptive mother)
387:Where could dust arise?
378:originally has no tree.
2859:Buddhism and democracy
2372:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2367:Chinese Buddhist canon
1599:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
1594:Early Buddhist schools
162:East Mountain Teaching
99:East Mountain Teaching
3510:Chinese Zen Buddhists
2869:Eight Consciousnesses
979:Life of Buddha in art
67:Luoyang, Henan, China
3346:East Asian religions
2776:Buddhism in the West
2347:Early Buddhist texts
1962:Four Right Exertions
1428:Ten spiritual realms
921:Noble Eightfold Path
180:(r. 690–705) of the
3469:Religion portal
3216:Temple of the Tooth
3095:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2134:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
1627:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
1410:Two truths doctrine
1230:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1030:Mahapajapati Gotamī
471:Five Skillful Means
149:Yü-ch'üan Shen-hsiu
3391:Western philosophy
2989:Dzong architecture
2811:Vipassana movement
2806:Buddhist modernism
2234:Emperor Wen of Sui
2002:Pratyekabuddhayāna
1935:Threefold Training
1737:Vipassana movement
1453:Hungry Ghost realm
1273:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1220:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
969:Great Renunciation
964:Eight Great Events
846:
3477:
3476:
3115:Om mani padme hum
2821:Women in Buddhism
2737:Buddhist councils
2607:Western countries
2395:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2156:Shaolin Monastery
1733:Samatha-vipassanā
1343:Pratītyasamutpāda
1147:Metteyya/Maitreya
1065:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
894:Four Noble Truths
784:978-0-8047-2866-9
309:Lengqie Shi Zi Ji
119:
118:
16:(Redirected from
3517:
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3294:Sacred languages
3142:Maya Devi Temple
3105:Mahabodhi Temple
2909:Secular Buddhism
2874:Engaged Buddhism
1714:
1562:Tibetan Buddhism
1513:Vietnamese Thiền
1112:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
1063:
1055:
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350:The body is the
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2357:Mahayana sutras
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2329:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2160:
2033:
1973:
1923:Bodhisattva vow
1608:
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1373:Taṇhā (Craving)
1308:Five hindrances
1259:
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3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3026:Greco-Buddhist
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2977:Burmese pagoda
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2759:Greco-Buddhism
2756:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2692:United Kingdom
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Czech Republic
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2401:Abhidharmadīpa
2398:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2319:B. R. Ambedkar
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Songtsen Gampo
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1918:Eight precepts
1915:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1706:
1696:
1691:
1689:Five Strengths
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:Mental factors
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:Mahamoggallāna
1177:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1095:Avalokiteśvara
1091:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
945:
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
917:
916:
911:
906:
896:
890:
888:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
857:
854:
853:
836:
834:
833:
826:
819:
811:
805:
804:
798:
791:
790:External links
788:
787:
786:
776:
766:
756:
746:
734:
731:
728:
727:
718:
709:
707:McRae, 2003:53
700:
698:McRae, 2003:53
691:
689:McRae, 2003:50
682:
679:
678:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
660:
659:
658:
657:
654:
651:
648:
635:
626:
616:
614:McRae, 1986:55
607:
605:McRae, 1986:55
598:
589:
587:McRae, 1986:51
580:
571:
561:
559:McRae, 1986:46
552:
543:
534:
524:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
508:
505:
422:
419:
391:
390:
389:
388:
385:
382:
379:
366:
365:
364:
363:
360:
357:
354:
337:Platform Sutra
332:
329:
325:Datong Chanshi
258:Chuan Fabao Ji
234:Chuan Fabao Ji
197:
194:
168:. Shenxiu was
156:of his day, a
139:Yùquán Shénxiù
122:Yuquan Shenxiu
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
105:Senior posting
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
31:Yuquan Shenxiu
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3522:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3458:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3231:Miscellaneous
3228:
3222:
3221:Vegetarianism
3219:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:Buddha in art
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:United States
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Padmasambhava
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2166:Major figures
2163:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2112:Western tulku
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:Five precepts
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:Dhamma vicaya
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:Buddhābhiṣeka
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1303:Enlightenment
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:Dhamma theory
1291:
1289:
1288:Buddha-nature
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:Samantabhadra
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1101:
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174:Daman Hongren
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89:Chan Buddhism
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28:
19:
3409:Bodhisattvas
3329:Christianity
3324:Baháʼí Faith
3189:Dharmachakra
3179:Prayer wheel
3169:Prayer beads
2937:Architecture
2816:969 Movement
2600:Saudi Arabia
2578:Central Asia
2571:South Africa
2393:
2376:
2309:Panchen Lama
2214:Buddhapālita
1810:Satipatthana
1805:Mindful Yoga
1718:Recollection
1632:Brahmavihara
1503:Japanese Zen
1498:Chinese Chan
1458:Animal realm
1265:Key concepts
1087:Bodhisattvas
899:Three Jewels
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199:
186:Guan Xin Lun
185:
182:Tang dynasty
154:Chan masters
147:
137:
121:
120:
3254:Dharma talk
3083:Asalha Puja
2879:Eschatology
2682:Switzerland
2662:New Zealand
2590:Middle East
2499:Philippines
2419:Afghanistan
2224:Bodhidharma
2209:Buddhaghosa
2129:Householder
2039:Monasticism
1992:Bodhisattva
1847:Prostration
1800:Mindfulness
1728:Anapanasati
1711:Kammaṭṭhāna
1508:Korean Seon
1448:Asura realm
1443:Human realm
1383:Ten Fetters
1338:Parinirvana
1240:Uppalavanna
1205:Mahākaccana
1190:Mahākassapa
1122:Kṣitigarbha
1117:Ākāśagarbha
1014:Suddhodāna
959:Four sights
886:Foundations
492:Guanxin Lun
475:Wu Fangbian
415:hagiography
342:Bodhidharma
190:Bodhidharma
170:Dharma heir
110:Predecessor
50:Chan Master
3495:706 deaths
3490:606 births
3484:Categories
3371:Psychology
3351:Gnosticism
3339:Comparison
3334:Influences
3316:Comparison
3199:Bhavacakra
3157:Kushinagar
3132:Pilgrimage
3078:Māgha Pūjā
3033:Bodhi Tree
2849:Buddhology
2839:Abhidharma
2831:Philosophy
2764:Menander I
2632:Costa Rica
2583:Uzbekistan
2424:Bangladesh
2378:Dhammapada
2362:Pali Canon
2324:Ajahn Chah
2304:Dalai Lama
2204:Kumārajīva
2199:Vasubandhu
2174:The Buddha
2082:Zen master
2017:Sakadagami
1997:Buddhahood
1928:Pratimokṣa
1743:Shikantaza
1699:Meditation
1674:Deity yoga
1545:Madhyamaka
1438:Deva realm
1333:Mindstream
1283:Bodhicitta
1195:Aṅgulimāla
1062:Devadatta
1038:Yaśodharā
941:The Buddha
931:Middle Way
733:References
456:Buddhahood
438:scriptures
352:bodhi tree
246:meditation
144:Wade–Giles
64:606 / 607?
3439:Festivals
3419:Buddhists
3381:Theosophy
3184:Symbolism
3174:Hama yumi
3147:Bodh Gaya
2914:Socialism
2889:Evolution
2864:Economics
2702:Venezuela
2617:Australia
2612:Argentina
2536:Sri Lanka
2531:Singapore
2449:Indonesia
2411:Countries
2352:Tripiṭaka
2314:Ajahn Mun
2189:Nagarjuna
2184:Aśvaghoṣa
2067:Anagārika
2062:Śrāmaṇerī
2057:Śrāmaṇera
2052:Bhikkhunī
2012:Sotāpanna
1901:Passaddhi
1842:Offerings
1817:Nekkhamma
1694:Iddhipada
1614:Practices
1584:Theravada
1557:Vajrayana
1550:Yogachara
1520:Pure Land
1433:Six Paths
1420:Cosmology
1200:Anuruddha
1175:Sāriputta
1165:Kaundinya
1157:Disciples
1132:Vajrapāṇi
984:Footprint
949:Tathāgata
421:Teachings
402:jian jiao
321:Zhongzong
274:Yuquan Si
227:Silk Road
196:Biography
178:Wu Zetian
158:Patriarch
3457:Category
3386:Violence
3356:Hinduism
3304:Sanskrit
3259:Hinayana
3244:Amitābha
3204:Swastika
3073:Uposatha
3063:Holidays
3048:Calendar
2894:Humanism
2732:Kanishka
2722:Timeline
2546:Thailand
2514:Kalmykia
2509:Buryatia
2494:Pakistan
2479:Mongolia
2474:Maldives
2469:Malaysia
2434:Cambodia
2299:Shamarpa
2294:Nichiren
2244:Xuanzang
2179:Nagasena
2097:Rinpoche
1827:Pāramitā
1669:Devotion
1589:Navayana
1577:Dzogchen
1540:Nichiren
1488:Mahayana
1480:Branches
1358:Saṅkhāra
1107:Mañjuśrī
1064:(cousin)
1056:(cousin)
1024:(mother)
1016:(father)
1004:Miracles
954:Birthday
871:Glossary
844:Buddhism
624:2003:67)
507:See also
448:fangbian
431:Dongshan
406:dun jiao
311:(楞伽師資記;
305:Tumen Si
301:Chang'an
278:Dumen Si
236:(傳法寶紀) (
85:Religion
56:Personal
3434:Temples
3414:Buddhas
3376:Science
3366:Judaism
3361:Jainism
3279:Lineage
3239:Abhijñā
3209:Thangka
3152:Sarnath
3137:Lumbini
3058:Funeral
3053:Cuisine
2929:Culture
2904:Reality
2854:Creator
2844:Atomism
2714:History
2687:Ukraine
2647:Germany
2566:Senegal
2556:Vietnam
2484:Myanmar
2284:Shinran
2274:Karmapa
2249:Shandao
2219:Dignāga
2144:Śrāvaka
2124:Donchee
2119:Kappiya
2077:Sayadaw
2047:Bhikkhu
2022:Anāgāmi
1979:Nirvana
1945:Samadhi
1832:Paritta
1773:Tonglen
1768:Mandala
1723:Smarana
1704:Mantras
1652:Upekkha
1622:Bhavana
1572:Shingon
1525:Tiantai
1378:Tathātā
1368:Śūnyatā
1363:Skandha
1353:Saṃsāra
1348:Rebirth
1323:Kleshas
1313:Indriya
1215:Subhūti
1100:Guanyin
1054:Ānanda
1046:Rāhula
926:Nirvana
866:Outline
487:tree.”
452:kan xin
427:Beizong
398:Shenhui
285:Luoyang
266:Huineng
262:Hongren
223:Luoyang
214:Kaifeng
202:Luoyang
160:of the
126:Chinese
18:Shenxiu
3429:Sutras
3424:Suttas
3289:Siddhi
3274:Koliya
3249:Brahmā
3164:Poetry
3110:Mantra
3100:Kasaya
2972:Pagoda
2952:Kyaung
2947:Vihāra
2942:Temple
2884:Ethics
2727:Ashoka
2677:Sweden
2672:Poland
2667:Norway
2657:Mexico
2642:France
2627:Canada
2622:Brazil
2561:Africa
2541:Taiwan
2504:Russia
2429:Bhutan
2389:Vinaya
2269:Naropa
2259:Saraha
2194:Asanga
1950:Prajñā
1859:Refuge
1822:Nianfo
1783:Tertön
1778:Tantra
1763:Ganana
1753:Tukdam
1679:Dhyāna
1647:Mudita
1642:Karuṇā
1535:Risshū
1530:Huayan
1463:Naraka
1403:Anattā
1398:Dukkha
1393:Anicca
1298:Dharma
1250:Channa
1185:Ānanda
1170:Assaji
1137:Skanda
1040:(wife)
1009:Family
989:Relics
914:Sangha
909:Dharma
904:Buddha
782:
772:
762:
752:
742:
494:(觀心論;
462:Dharma
294:Annals
254:prajñā
250:dhyāna
242:vinaya
210:Taoism
146::
136::
134:pinyin
128::
95:School
3401:Lists
3269:Kalpa
3264:Iddhi
3127:Music
3122:Mudra
3088:Vassa
3068:Vesak
3038:Budai
2984:Candi
2967:Stupa
2899:Logic
2652:Italy
2551:Tibet
2489:Nepal
2459:Korea
2454:Japan
2444:India
2439:China
2384:Sutra
2339:Texts
2289:Dōgen
2279:Hōnen
2264:Atiśa
2229:Zhiyi
2139:Achar
2107:Tulku
2102:Geshe
2087:Rōshi
2072:Ajahn
2027:Arhat
1987:Bodhi
1957:Vīrya
1874:Sacca
1869:Satya
1864:Sādhu
1852:Music
1795:Merit
1788:Terma
1748:Zazen
1684:Faith
1637:Mettā
1318:Karma
1278:Bardo
1245:Asita
1235:Khema
1225:Upāli
1210:Nanda
1048:(son)
1022:Māyā
999:Films
876:Index
520:Notes
485:bodhi
480:bodhi
443:upāya
376:Bodhi
206:Henan
79:China
46:Title
3299:Pāḷi
3284:Māra
3194:Flag
2595:Iran
2519:Tuva
2464:Laos
2092:Lama
1940:Śīla
1908:Śīla
1896:Pīti
1886:Sati
1837:Puja
1758:Koan
1664:Dāna
1255:Yasa
1142:Tārā
780:ISBN
770:ISBN
760:ISBN
750:ISBN
740:ISBN
661:and
569:n.77
469:the
130:玉泉神秀
73:Died
61:Born
3021:Art
2957:Wat
1493:Zen
172:of
164:of
3486::
2523:ru
446:;
204:,
192:.
142:;
132:;
2525:)
2521:(
1739:)
1735:(
830:e
823:t
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473:(
272:(
248:(
124:(
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