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564:, have helped scientists understand what quasicrystals look like at the atomic level. In those mosaics, as in quasicrystals, the patterns are regular – they follow mathematical rules – but they never repeat themselves.""An intriguing feature of such patterns, also found in Arab mosaics, is that the mathematical constant known as the Greek letters
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513:). The head of Shechtman's research group told him to "go back and read the textbook" and a couple of days later "asked him to leave for 'bringing disgrace' on the team." Shechtman felt rejected. On publication of his paper, other scientists began to confirm and accept empirical findings of the existence of quasicrystals.
930:
491:
Laureate Linus
Pauling, the idol of the American Chemical Society and one of the most famous scientists in the world. For years, 'til his last day, he fought against quasi-periodicity in crystals. He was wrong, and after a while, I enjoyed every moment of this scientific battle, knowing that he was wrong."
490:
died in 1994, Shechtman experienced hostility from him toward the non-periodic interpretation. "For a long time it was me against the world," he said. "I was a subject of ridicule and lectures about the basics of crystallography. The leader of the opposition to my findings was the two-time Nobel
516:
The Nobel
Committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said that "his discovery was extremely controversial," but that his work "eventually forced scientists to reconsider their conception of the very nature of matter." Through Shechtman's discovery, several other groups were able to form
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Quasicrystalline materials could be used in a large number of applications, including the formation of durable steel used for fine instrumentation, and non-stick insulation for electrical wires and cooking equipment., but presently have no technological applications.
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on its growth and properties. Shechtman's
Technion research is conducted in the Louis Edelstein Center, and in the Wolfson Centre which is headed by him. He served on several Technion Senate Committees and headed one of them.
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I thought that was the best thing a person could do. The engineer in the book knows mechanics and physics, and he creates a whole way of life on the island out of nothing. I wanted to be like that.
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615:, held on June 10, 2014, he was awarded only one vote. This led Israeli press and Israeli humorists to qualify Shechtman as "quasi-president" in reference to the "quasi-scientist" quote.
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Swartzendruber, L.; Shechtman, D.; Bendersky, L.; Cahn, J.W. (1985). "Nuclear γ-ray resonance observations in an aluminum-based icosahedral quasicrystal".
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352:) and three daughters: Tamar Finkelstein (an organizational psychologist at the Israeli police leadership center), Ella Shechtman-Cory (a PhD in
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Bindi, Luca; Eiler, John M.; Guan, Yunbin; Hollister, Lincoln S.; MacPherson, Glenn; Steinhardt, Paul J.; Yao, Nan (January 31, 2012).
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is noted saying "There is no such thing as quasicrystals, only quasi-scientists." Pauling was apparently unaware of a paper in 1981 by
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1273:"Nucleation and growth of Ag islands on fivefold Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal surfaces: Dependence of island density on temperature and flux"
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aluminides. In 1975, he joined the department of materials engineering at
Technion. In 1981–1983 he was on sabbatical at
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Shechtman is married to Prof. Tzipora
Shechtman, Head of the Department of Counseling and Human Development at
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for the discovery of quasicrystals, making him one of six
Israelis who have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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318:(1874), which he read many times. His childhood dream was to become an engineer like the main protagonist,
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Cahn, John W.; Gratias, Denis; Shechtman, Dan (1986). "Pauling's model not universally accepted".
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Shechtman joined the Iowa State faculty in 2004. He currently spends about five months a year in
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312:(1904–1914) and founded a printing house. As a child Shechtman was fascinated by Jules Verne's
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1925:"פרס ויצמן למדעים מדויקים יוענק לפרופ' מיקי אלעד – Technion – Israel Institute of Technology"
368:
Meeting at NIST in 1985 where
Shechtman (left) explains the atomic structure of quasicrystals
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521:, while possessing high structural stability. Quasicrystals have also been found naturally.
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611:. Shechtman received the endorsement of the ten Members of Knesset required to run. In the
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1986 Physics Award of the
Friedenberg Fund for the Advancement of Science and Education
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544:. A quasicrystalline pattern can continuously fill all available space, but it lacks
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241:; born January 24, 1941) is the Philip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the
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indicate a Nobel
Memorial Prize, i.e. not one of the original Prizes bequested by
1804:
Recipients are listed on
Budapest University of Technology and Economics website:
728:"Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No Translational Symmetry"
486:
From the day Shechtman published his findings on quasicrystals in 1984 to the day
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548:. "Aperiodic mosaics, such as those found in the medieval Islamic mosaics of the
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1322:"Iowa State, Ames Laboratory, Technion scientist wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry"
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similar quasicrystals by 1987, finding these materials to have low thermal and
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Iowa State, Ames Laboratory, Technion Scientist Wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry
786:
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1950:
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Since 2014 he has been the head of the International Scientific Council of
2024:
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1606:
1184:. Monstersandcritics.com (October 5, 2011). Retrieved on January 28, 2012.
905:
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2000 Muriel & David Jacknow Technion Award for Excellence in Teaching
580:
in the 13th century, where each number is the sum of the preceding two."
576:", occurs over and over again. Underlying it is a sequence worked out by
409:
401:
396:, Ohio, where he studied for three years the microstructure and physical
377:
296:; the city became part of the new state of Israel in 1948. He grew up in
289:
77:
17:
1203:. Mobile.bloomberg.com (October 5, 2011). Retrieved on January 28, 2012.
655:
2008 European Materials Research Society (E-MRS) 25th Anniversary Award
1504:
1155:
1792:"Nobel Prize winning professor announces run for president of Israel"
825:
384:
in 1966 and M.Sc. in Materials Engineering in 1968, Shechtman was an
1648:"Evidence for the extraterrestrial origin of a natural quasicrystal"
1324:(Press release). Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University. October 5, 2011.
881:
501:
and K. Maki which had pointed out the possibility of a non-periodic
622:
553:
469:
457:
363:
1528:"Two-dimensional quasicrystal with eightfold rotational symmetry"
1481:"Binary Quasicrystals Discovered That Are Stable and Icosahedral"
308:
family. His grandparents had immigrated to Palestine during the
1054:. Newswise.com (October 5, 2011). Retrieved on January 28, 2012.
561:
305:
4236:
2836:
2619:
2126:
2041:
Story of quasicrystals as told by Shechtman to APS News in 2002
2036:
Nobel Laureates from Technion – Israel Institute of Technology.
1242:"В ТПУ впервые прошло заседание Международного научного совета"
431:(NIST), where he studied the effect of the defect structure of
841:
Shechtman, Dan (1988). "The Icosahedral Quasiperiodic Phase".
569:
565:
356:), and Ruth Dougoud-Nevo (also a PhD in clinical psychology).
1907:"Israel Prize Official Site – Recipients in 1998 (in Hebrew)"
1622:"Third-ever natural quasicrystal found in Siberian meteorite"
4606:
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
1416:"Dan Shechtman: 'Linus Pauling said I was talking nonsense'"
1215:. Geni.com (August 12, 2010). Retrieved on January 28, 2012.
4631:
Academic staff of Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
1271:; A.R. Ross; T.A. Lograsso; J.W. Evans; P.A. Thiel (2007).
1175:
He deserves it, wife of 2011 Nobel Chemistry laureate says
1085:"Tiny Israel a Nobel heavyweight, especially in chemistry"
4601:
Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
1067:
Tiny Israel a Nobel heavyweight, especially in chemistry
639:
2014 Fray International Sustainability Award, SIPS 2014
462:
Shechtman's Nobel Prize–winning work was in the area of
1077:
Israel’s Shechtman vindicated with Nobel for chemistry
880:
Cahn, John W.; Shechtman, Dan; Gratias, Denis (1986).
1267:Ünal, B; V. Fournée; K.J. Schnitzenbaumer; C. Ghosh;
4596:
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
1855:"Honorary Doctorate Recipients, Bar-Ilan University"
482:
Interview with Dan Shechtman after his Nobel lecture
4413:
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2522:
2431:
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2188:
2161:
1573:Bancel, Peter A.; Heiney, Paul A. (June 15, 1986).
603:On January 17, 2014, in an interview with Israel's
194:
184:
136:
126:
118:
108:
98:
88:
60:
34:
4611:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1993:. Directions in Condensed Matter Physics, Vol 11.
1989:D. P. DiVincenzo and P. J. Steinhardt, eds. 1991.
1526:Wang, N.; Chen, H.; Kuo, K. H. (August 31, 1987).
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1079:AFP (in Al Arabiya News) Thursday, October 6, 2011
705:1988 International Award for New Materials of the
1374:"Lattice Textures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals"
1165:. Edu.haifa.ac.il. Retrieved on January 28, 2012.
412:transition metal alloys, in a joint program with
55:Dan Shechtman, Nobel Prize 2011 press conference.
4626:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni
1028:"Israeli Wins Chemistry Nobel For Quasicrystals"
882:"Indexing of icosahedral quasiperiodic crystals"
1811:Budapest University of Technology and Economics
1652:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1575:"Icosahedral aluminum--transition-metal alloys"
1348:"Ridiculed crystal work wins Nobel for Israeli"
1194:Shechtman Wins Chemistry Nobel for Crystal Find
702:1988 New England Academic Award of the Technion
324:
257:. On April 8, 1982, while on sabbatical at the
429:National Institute of Standards and Technology
207:National Institute of Standards and Technology
4248:
2848:
2631:
2138:
380:in 1972, where he also obtained his B.Sc. in
8:
4616:EMET Prize recipients in the Exact Sciences
1929:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology –
1047:
1045:
4255:
4241:
4233:
2855:
2841:
2833:
2638:
2624:
2616:
2145:
2131:
2123:
2076:
2028:
1972:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1734:"Impossible crystals snag chemistry Nobel"
49:
31:
1681:
1663:
1110:"Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry"
753:
348:(a postdoctoral researcher in the lab of
243:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
93:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
1837:"Dan Shechtman Winner of the Fray Award"
1732:Van Noorden, Richard (October 5, 2011).
607:, Shechtman announced his candidacy for
253:, and Professor of Materials Science at
2064:Dan Shechtman (Iowa State faculty page)
1768:Carpenter, Jennifer (October 5, 2011).
1435:"Dan Shechtman discusses quasicrystals"
1225:Iowa State prof wins Nobel in chemistry
1017:. (PDF). Retrieved on January 28, 2012.
1003:
1001:
997:
722:Shechtman, D.; Blech, I.; Gratias, D.;
1965:
416:. During this study he discovered the
408:, where he studied rapidly solidified
427:In 1992–1994 he was on sabbatical at
7:
2006:Quasicrystals: Comparative dynamics
1991:Quasicrystals: The State of the Art
1956:Rothschild Prizes 2010: Fifty Years
1346:Lannin, Patrick (October 5, 2011).
238:
29:Israeli Nobel laureate in chemistry
4641:Candidates for President of Israel
4546:Israel Prize in physics recipients
1881:"Wolf Prize Recipients in Physics"
1433:Bradley, David (October 5, 2011).
1083:Fiske, Gavriel (October 9, 2013).
652:for the discovery of quasicrystals
288:Dan Shechtman was born in 1941 in
25:
1883:. Wolffund.org.il. Archived from
1770:"Nobel win for crystal discovery"
1479:Day, Charles (February 1, 2001).
1213:Genealogy of the Shechtman family
674:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
627:Shechtman in Stockholm, June 2016
259:U.S. National Bureau of Standards
3085:
2647:
1711:. Oxford University Publishing.
1708:Quasicrystals – a primer, 2nd ed
1620:Crane, Leah (December 8, 2016).
987:Science and technology in Israel
956:
942:
928:
269:, which opened the new field of
4636:Wolf Prize in Physics laureates
977:List of Israeli Nobel laureates
972:List of Israel Prize recipients
587:The Nobel prize was 10 million
390:Aerospace Research Laboratories
199:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
982:List of Jewish Nobel laureates
865:10.1088/0031-8949/1988/T23/008
420:which opened the new field of
1:
4541:Iowa State University faculty
1962:. Jerusalem. pp. 26, 32.
1807:"John von Neumann Professors"
1414:Jha, Alok (January 5, 2013).
1372:Kleinert H., Maki K. (1981).
886:Journal of Materials Research
642:2013 Honorary doctorate from
372:After receiving his Ph.D. in
340:, and author of two books on
4566:Israeli materials scientists
4526:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
2047:Biography/CV Page – Technion
448:Tomsk Polytechnic University
443:on a part-time appointment.
2103:Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
1552:10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1010
755:10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951
692:1993 Weizmann Science Award
265:, Shechtman discovered the
4667:
2057:November 25, 2015, at the
1931:(in Hebrew). July 26, 2021
1300:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064205
1199:December 18, 2011, at the
1156:Professor Zipora Shechtman
1013:November 10, 2011, at the
634:John von Neumann Professor
4651:Weizmann Prize recipients
4438:
4375:(Australia/United States)
3083:
2816:
2660:
2573:
2107:
2100:
2084:
2079:
2052:TechnionLIVE e-newsletter
1705:Janot, Christian (1997).
1447:Shechtman video interview
1180:October 26, 2011, at the
707:American Physical Society
224:
177:
48:
39:
4621:Scientists from Tel Aviv
4009:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
3288:Wendell Meredith Stanley
2868:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1599:10.1103/PhysRevB.33.7917
1460:. Haaretz. April 1, 2011
1401:10.1002/prop.19810290503
1137:. Haaretz. April 1, 2011
787:10.1103/PhysRevB.32.1383
650:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
406:Johns Hopkins University
278:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
276:He was awarded the 2011
251:Ames National Laboratory
203:Johns Hopkins University
169:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
4531:Israeli Nobel laureates
2654:Israeli Nobel laureates
2303:Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1953:(2010). "Engineering".
1665:10.1073/pnas.1111115109
1532:Physical Review Letters
1381:Fortschritte der Physik
733:Physical Review Letters
528:crystal, or, in short,
519:electrical conductivity
247:US Department of Energy
4444:Nobel Prize recipients
4406:(Canada/United States)
4384:Physiology or Medicine
4173:Emmanuelle Charpentier
4161:M. Stanley Whittingham
3132:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
1161:April 1, 2012, at the
628:
546:translational symmetry
483:
467:
422:quasiperiodic crystals
382:Mechanical Engineering
369:
334:
271:quasiperiodic crystals
245:, an Associate of the
4330:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
3543:Christian B. Anfinsen
3183:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
2534:Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
2155:Wolf Prize in Physics
1817:on September 12, 2022
1748:10.1038/news.2011.572
906:10.1557/JMR.1986.0013
680:Wolf Prize in Physics
670:Gregori Aminoff Prize
626:
481:
461:
454:Work on quasicrystals
374:Materials Engineering
367:
315:The Mysterious Island
255:Iowa State University
211:Iowa State University
162:Gregori Aminoff Prize
155:Wolf Prize in Physics
4205:Karl Barry Sharpless
3702:Dudley R. Herschbach
3527:Luis Federico Leloir
2323:Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
2069:2012 interview with
1248:on September 3, 2014
394:Wright Patterson AFB
4423:Christopher A. Sims
4197:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
4109:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
3846:Jens Christian Skou
3814:F. Sherwood Rowland
3726:Charles J. Pedersen
3690:Herbert A. Hauptman
3383:Vincent du Vigneaud
3000:Richard Willstätter
2884:Jacobus van 't Hoff
2262:Albert J. Libchaber
2258:Mitchell Feigenbaum
2179:Giuseppe Occhialini
2071:The Times of Israel
1913:on October 6, 2014.
1794:. January 17, 2014.
1591:1986PhRvB..33.7917B
1544:1987PhRvL..59.1010W
1497:2001PhT....54b..17D
1393:1981ForPh..29..219K
1292:2007PhRvB..75f4205U
898:1986JMatR...1...13C
857:1988PhST...23...49S
818:1986Natur.319..102C
779:1985PhRvB..32.1383S
746:1984PhRvL..53.1951S
644:Bar-Ilan University
609:President of Israel
354:clinical psychology
294:Mandatory Palestine
292:, in what was then
82:Mandatory Palestine
4571:Israeli physicists
4157:John B. Goodenough
4085:William E. Moerner
3965:Richard R. Schrock
3937:Roderick MacKinnon
3909:K. Barry Sharpless
3734:Johann Deisenhofer
3563:Geoffrey Wilkinson
3559:Ernst Otto Fischer
3483:Robert S. Mulliken
3419:Jaroslav Heyrovský
3367:Hermann Staudinger
3187:Irène Joliot-Curie
2667:Shmuel Yosef Agnon
2538:Allan H. MacDonald
2509:Charles H. Bennett
2487:Robert P. Kirshner
2477:Juan Ignacio Cirac
2027:on Nobelprize.org
2014:, Vol 6., 925–926.
2004:T. Janssen. 2007.
1887:on October 2, 2006
1458:"Clear as crystal"
1231:, October 5, 2011)
1135:"Clear as crystal"
1063:Multiple sources:
629:
558:Darb-i Imam shrine
484:
468:
370:
344:. They have a son
4586:Jewish physicists
4536:Crystallographers
4508:
4507:
4429:Thomas J. Sargent
4415:Economic Sciences
4404:Ralph M. Steinman
4398:Jules A. Hoffmann
4306:Tomas Tranströmer
4230:
4229:
4213:Moungi G. Bawendi
4133:Richard Henderson
3977:Roger D. Kornberg
3945:Aaron Ciechanover
3778:Rudolph A. Marcus
3682:Robert Merrifield
3618:Peter D. Mitchell
3391:Cyril Hinshelwood
3152:Friedrich Bergius
3076:Richard Zsigmondy
2992:Theodore Richards
2940:Ernest Rutherford
2830:
2829:
2725:Aaron Ciechanover
2613:
2612:
2453:Maximilian Haider
2388:Bertrand Halperin
2382:Masatoshi Koshiba
2378:Raymond Davis Jr.
2329:Benoît Mandelbrot
2317:Valentine Telegdi
2313:Maurice Goldhaber
2307:David J. Thouless
2276:Riccardo Giacconi
2252:Philippe Nozières
2228:Martin Lewis Perl
2214:Gerardus 't Hooft
2204:Kenneth G. Wilson
2153:Laureates of the
2121:
2120:
2108:Succeeded by
1585:(12): 7917–7922.
1579:Physical Review B
1505:10.1063/1.1359699
1280:Physical Review B
1087:. Times of Israel
766:Physical Review B
503:Icosahedral Phase
479:
418:icosahedral phase
267:icosahedral phase
228:
227:
219:Tohoku University
189:Materials science
179:Scientific career
173:
166:
159:
152:
145:
122:Tzipora Shechtman
16:(Redirected from
4658:
4561:Israeli atheists
4551:Israeli chemists
4446:
4392:Bruce A. Beutler
4373:Brian P. Schmidt
4257:
4250:
4243:
4234:
4223:
4221:Alexei I. Ekimov
4207:
4201:Morten P. Meldal
4191:
4179:
4167:
4151:
4135:
4125:Jacques Dubochet
4119:
4103:
4087:
4071:
4055:
4049:Robert Lefkowitz
4043:
4035:
4019:
4013:Thomas A. Steitz
4003:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3961:Robert H. Grubbs
3955:
3939:
3927:
3911:
3884:
3882:Hideki Shirakawa
3868:
3860:
3848:
3832:
3816:
3800:
3792:
3780:
3772:
3770:Richard R. Ernst
3764:
3756:
3744:
3728:
3712:
3696:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3648:
3646:Frederick Sanger
3632:
3626:Herbert C. Brown
3620:
3612:
3604:
3602:William Lipscomb
3585:
3573:
3565:
3553:
3537:
3535:Gerhard Herzberg
3529:
3521:
3509:
3501:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3411:Frederick Sanger
3405:
3397:
3395:Nikolay Semyonov
3385:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3349:
3347:Glenn T. Seaborg
3326:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3274:
3272:Artturi Virtanen
3266:
3258:
3256:George de Hevesy
3250:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3217:
3209:
3197:
3189:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3154:
3142:
3134:
3122:
3114:
3112:Heinrich Wieland
3106:
3104:Theodor Svedberg
3089:
3088:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2916:Adolf von Baeyer
2910:
2902:
2900:Svante Arrhenius
2894:
2886:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2834:
2809:
2794:
2777:
2764:
2751:
2736:
2719:
2704:
2687:
2674:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2617:
2483:James D. Bjorken
2467:Jacob Bekenstein
2402:François Englert
2268:Herbert Friedman
2224:Leon M. Lederman
2218:Victor Weisskopf
2175:George Uhlenbeck
2147:
2140:
2133:
2124:
2115:Robert Lefkowitz
2085:Preceded by
2077:
2032:
2011:Nature Materials
1978:
1977:
1971:
1963:
1961:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1909:. Archived from
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1857:. Archived from
1851:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1813:. Archived from
1802:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1667:
1658:(5): 1396–1401.
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1538:(9): 1010–1013.
1523:
1517:
1516:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1378:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1343:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1277:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1244:. Archived from
1238:
1232:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1191:
1185:
1172:
1166:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1024:
1018:
1005:
966:
961:
960:
959:
952:
950:Chemistry portal
947:
946:
945:
938:
936:Biography portal
933:
932:
931:
917:
876:
837:
826:10.1038/319102a0
798:
773:(2): 1383–1385.
759:
757:
697:Rothschild Prize
599:Presidential bid
594:
511:historical notes
480:
338:Haifa University
332:
263:Washington, D.C.
240:
171:
164:
157:
150:
143:
74:
71:January 24, 1941
70:
68:
53:
43:
41:
32:
21:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4581:Jewish chemists
4576:Jewish atheists
4511:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4442:
4434:
4431:(United States)
4425:(United States)
4409:
4394:(United States)
4378:
4369:(United States)
4363:(United States)
4361:Saul Perlmutter
4347:
4342:Tawakkul Karman
4311:
4287:
4268:
4261:
4231:
4226:
4210:
4194:
4185:David MacMillan
4182:
4177:Jennifer Doudna
4170:
4154:
4138:
4122:
4113:Fraser Stoddart
4106:
4097:Paul L. Modrich
4090:
4074:
4058:
4046:
4038:
4033:Ei-ichi Negishi
4025:Richard F. Heck
4022:
4006:
3993:Osamu Shimomura
3990:
3982:
3974:
3958:
3942:
3930:
3914:
3901:William Knowles
3898:
3887:
3878:Alan MacDiarmid
3871:
3863:
3851:
3835:
3830:Richard Smalley
3819:
3806:Paul J. Crutzen
3803:
3795:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3747:
3731:
3722:Jean-Marie Lehn
3715:
3699:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3651:
3635:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3588:
3583:Vladimir Prelog
3576:
3568:
3556:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3512:
3504:
3488:
3480:
3475:Robert Woodward
3472:
3467:Dorothy Hodgkin
3464:
3452:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3329:
3317:
3312:William Giauque
3309:
3301:
3296:Robert Robinson
3293:
3280:James B. Sumner
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3227:Leopold Ružička
3223:Adolf Butenandt
3220:
3212:
3200:
3192:
3180:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3160:Irving Langmuir
3157:
3145:
3137:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3045:Frederick Soddy
3042:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2972:Victor Grignard
2969:
2961:
2953:
2948:Wilhelm Ostwald
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2870:
2861:
2831:
2826:
2812:
2797:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2739:
2722:
2711:Daniel Kahneman
2707:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2614:
2609:
2569:
2550:Anne L'Huillier
2530:Rafi Bistritzer
2518:
2513:Gilles Brassard
2447:Anton Zeilinger
2439:John F. Clauser
2427:
2412:Daniel Kleppner
2392:Anthony Leggett
2366:
2335:Vitaly Ginzburg
2291:
2286:Stephen Hawking
2248:Conyers Herring
2242:Theodore Maiman
2184:
2169:Chien-Shiung Wu
2157:
2151:
2117:
2113:
2098:
2094:
2092:Ei-ichi Negishi
2090:
2059:Wayback Machine
2021:
1986:
1984:Further reading
1981:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1861:on May 24, 2017
1853:
1852:
1848:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
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1805:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1775:
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1767:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1229:Chicago Tribune
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1201:Wayback Machine
1192:
1188:
1182:Wayback Machine
1173:
1169:
1163:Wayback Machine
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1071:Times of Israel
1062:
1058:
1050:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1015:Wayback Machine
1006:
999:
995:
962:
957:
955:
948:
943:
941:
934:
929:
927:
924:
879:
844:Physica Scripta
840:
801:
762:
721:
718:
716:Published works
621:
601:
593:US$ 1.5 million
592:
591:(approximately
550:Alhambra palace
470:
456:
362:
360:Academic career
333:
330:
286:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
167:
160:
153:
146:
99:Alma mater
84:
75:
72:
66:
64:
56:
44:
38:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4603:
4598:
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4558:
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4533:
4528:
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4506:
4505:
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4502:
4497:
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4408:
4407:
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4395:
4388:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4364:
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4355:
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4339:
4333:
4326:
4324:
4313:
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4310:
4309:
4302:
4300:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4208:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4152:
4145:Gregory Winter
4141:Frances Arnold
4136:
4120:
4104:
4088:
4072:
4065:Michael Levitt
4061:Martin Karplus
4056:
4044:
4036:
4020:
4004:
4001:Roger Y. Tsien
3997:Martin Chalfie
3988:
3980:
3972:
3956:
3940:
3928:
3912:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3874:Alan J. Heeger
3869:
3861:
3849:
3842:John E. Walker
3833:
3817:
3801:
3793:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3745:
3742:Hartmut Michel
3729:
3718:Donald J. Cram
3713:
3697:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3658:Roald Hoffmann
3649:
3642:Walter Gilbert
3633:
3621:
3613:
3610:Ilya Prigogine
3605:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3579:John Cornforth
3574:
3566:
3554:
3547:Stanford Moore
3538:
3530:
3522:
3510:
3502:
3495:Ronald Norrish
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3450:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3403:Alexander Todd
3398:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3350:
3343:Edwin McMillan
3337:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3315:
3307:
3299:
3291:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3218:
3210:
3203:Norman Haworth
3198:
3190:
3178:
3170:
3163:
3155:
3143:
3135:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3071:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3040:
3037:Walther Nernst
3032:
3025:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2932:Eduard Buchner
2927:
2919:
2911:
2908:William Ramsay
2903:
2895:
2887:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2801:Joshua Angrist
2795:
2783:Michael Levitt
2778:
2765:
2752:
2737:
2720:
2705:
2688:
2680:Menachem Begin
2675:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
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2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2547:
2544:Giorgio Parisi
2541:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
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2506:
2496:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2464:
2450:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2422:Peter Grünberg
2415:
2409:
2395:
2385:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2358:
2351:Yakir Aharonov
2348:
2342:
2339:Yoichiro Nambu
2332:
2326:
2320:
2310:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2279:
2265:
2255:
2245:
2231:
2221:
2207:
2196:Michael Fisher
2192:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2149:
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2135:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2109:
2106:
2099:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2033:
2020:
2019:External links
2017:
2016:
2015:
2002:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1942:
1916:
1898:
1872:
1846:
1841:www.flogen.org
1828:
1797:
1783:
1760:
1724:
1717:
1697:
1638:
1612:
1565:
1518:
1471:
1449:
1425:
1406:
1387:(5): 219–259.
1364:
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4089:
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4050:
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3922:
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3404:
3399:
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73:(age 83)
63:
59:
52:
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36:Dan Shechtman
33:
27:
19:
4556:Israeli Jews
4474:
4281:
4149:George Smith
4040:
4029:Akira Suzuki
3985:Gerhard Ertl
3969:Yves Chauvin
3917:John B. Fenn
3905:Ryoji Noyori
3892:2001–present
3866:Ahmed Zewail
3826:Harold Kroto
3810:Mario Molina
3738:Robert Huber
3710:John Polanyi
3694:Jerome Karle
3630:Georg Wittig
3515:Derek Barton
3507:Lars Onsager
3459:Giulio Natta
3455:Karl Ziegler
3447:John Kendrew
3215:Richard Kuhn
3140:Hans Fischer
2956:Otto Wallach
2892:Emil Fischer
2823:Alfred Nobel
2818:
2799:
2769:
2741:
2709:
2693:Shimon Peres
2602:
2499:Michel Mayor
2473:Peter Zoller
2443:Alain Aspect
2398:Robert Brout
2360:
2345:John Wheeler
2238:Peter Hirsch
2200:Leo Kadanoff
2101:
2096:Akira Suzuki
2088:Richard Heck
2070:
2009:
2005:
1990:
1955:
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1911:the original
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:the original
1875:
1865:September 3,
1863:. Retrieved
1859:the original
1849:
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1815:the original
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1625:
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1521:
1491:(2): 17–18.
1488:
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1462:. Retrieved
1452:
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1428:
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1380:
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1351:
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1252:September 1,
1250:. Retrieved
1246:the original
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1129:
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1113:
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1069:
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1032:. Retrieved
1022:
889:
885:
848:
842:
809:
803:
770:
764:
740:(20): 1951.
737:
731:
687:Israel Prize
662:in Chemistry
602:
586:
582:
574:golden ratio
530:quasicrystal
523:
515:
493:
485:
445:
438:
426:
371:
335:
325:
313:
287:
275:
230:
229:
195:Institutions
178:
148:Israel Prize
26:
4521:1941 births
4265:Nobel Prize
4117:Ben Feringa
4101:Aziz Sancar
4081:Stefan Hell
4077:Eric Betzig
3854:Walter Kohn
3822:Robert Curl
3798:George Olah
3786:Kary Mullis
3762:Elias Corey
3754:Thomas Cech
3706:Yuan T. Lee
3674:Henry Taube
3207:Paul Karrer
3195:Peter Debye
3175:Harold Urey
3061:Fritz Pregl
3022:Fritz Haber
2964:Marie Curie
2593:Mathematics
2578:Agriculture
2564:Martin Rees
2554:Paul Corkum
2493:Yoseph Imry
2457:Harald Rose
2418:Albert Fert
2406:Peter Higgs
2272:Bruno Rossi
1631:January 28,
1357:October 22,
1091:October 13,
605:Channel One
499:H. Kleinert
433:CVD diamond
320:Cyrus Smith
298:Petah Tikva
4515:Categories
4367:Adam Riess
4293:Literature
3953:Irwin Rose
3933:Peter Agre
3858:John Pople
3666:Aaron Klug
3571:Paul Flory
3519:Odd Hassel
3443:Max Perutz
3324:Kurt Alder
3320:Otto Diels
3148:Carl Bosch
2757:Ada Yonath
2671:Literature
2461:Knut Urban
2234:Erwin Hahn
1951:Ziv, Jacob
1891:October 5,
1776:October 5,
1753:October 5,
1464:October 6,
1441:October 5,
1269:C.J. Jenks
1141:October 6,
1034:October 5,
993:References
724:Cahn, J.W.
660:EMET Prize
572:, or the "
398:metallurgy
67:1941-01-24
4338:(Liberia)
4332:(Liberia)
4274:Chemistry
4267:laureates
3638:Paul Berg
3593:1976–2000
3334:1951–1975
3264:Otto Hahn
3095:1926–1950
2875:1901–1925
2864:Laureates
2805:Economics
2791:Chemistry
2774:Chemistry
2761:Chemistry
2747:Economics
2733:Chemistry
2715:Economics
2588:Chemistry
2424:(2006–07)
2394:(2002–03)
2347:(1996–97)
2341:(1994–95)
2254:(1984–85)
2244:(1983–84)
1968:cite book
1674:0027-8424
1513:0031-9228
1119:March 30,
1030:. npr.org
914:138068389
892:(1): 13.
873:250844166
613:elections
578:Fibonacci
534:structure
509:(see the
376:from the
302:Ramat Gan
284:Biography
89:Education
18:Shechtman
4400:(France)
4308:(Sweden)
4284:(Israel)
2598:Medicine
2055:Archived
1692:22215583
1560:10035936
1420:Guardian
1308:53382207
1197:Archived
1178:Archived
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1011:Archived
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726:(1984).
556:and the
542:periodic
540:but not
536:that is
410:aluminum
402:titanium
378:Technion
329:—
290:Tel Aviv
239:דן שכטמן
215:Technion
127:Children
103:Technion
78:Tel Aviv
40:דן שכטמן
4353:Physics
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2866:of the
2819:Italics
2604:Physics
2080:Awards
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1607:9938181
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1935:May 5,
1739:nature
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151:(1998)
144:(1993)
137:Awards
119:Spouse
4475:2011
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4263:2011
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2189:1980s
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1960:(PDF)
1772:. BBC
1377:(PDF)
1304:S2CID
1276:(PDF)
910:S2CID
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830:S2CID
695:1990
685:1998
678:1999
668:2000
658:2002
648:2011
554:Spain
304:in a
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1995:ISBN
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570:tau
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