599:. Ramey Incised and Powell Plain are two varieties that emerged during the Stirling Phase, and are considered two of the most important local varieties. A distinctive trait of this period is the shell temper. The cores of the sherds are typically a range of greys to buffs and creams. Some have slips of liquid clay and pigment with common colors being red, grey, and black and the surfaces polished to a high sheen. Although their attributes are nearly identical, there are major differences. While the Powell Plain has an unadorned surface, Ramey Incised are burnished and decorated with a series of incised motifs decorating the upper shoulders of the jar most often interpreted as having underworld or water connections. The incised decoration is added when the clay is still wet by tracing a design with a blunt-ended tool. The specific shapes and incised motifs are used to place the artifacts securely into the local chronology. Most have been found in association with high status items fashioned from exotic materials and associated with specialized structures such as mortuaries and temples, and were almost certainly vessels used exclusively by the elites and for ritual purposes. As the influence of the Cahokian religion, lifestyle and trade network expanded outward from its
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fired, any water left in the clay will tend to quickly turn to steam and explode the vessel wall in a spawl. It takes care and time to dry these vessels before they can be fired safely. Moreover, as even a well-tempered vessel dries, shrinkage rates vary around the contours of the form and will create strains that will crack an air-drying vessel if the drying is not slowed and controlled. A high shrinkage rate probably meant much effort lost to broken pots in both the drying and firing stages for inexperienced potters and ineffective technologies. Woodland potters attempted to remedy the high shrinkage by using large amounts (up to 33%) of coarse sand and/or grog temper in their efforts to render the clay usable for vessel construction. Moreover, their vessel shapes were necessarily confined to either a flat or conical-bottomed vessel. A thick-walled construction was required in order for the vessel to stand, in an unfired state, without collapsing during the air-drying process in preparation for firing. Non-backswamp clays used in many parts of the world could use grog and/or sand and create a round-bottomed vessel, favored by the cook, but not so with the "gumbo" clays of the
Mississippi Valley.
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polychrome pottery has representational motifs painted with red, white, and black pigments. The red and white are applied as slips of colored clay, while the black was made from carbon and applied with a negative or resist technique. Similar in manufacture to the engraved ceramics, the painted pottery has thin walls, was tempered with finely ground mussel shell and was given a polished exterior. This style comes in two major shapes, a bottle with a spherical body and a narrow curving neck and a terraced rectangular bowl that is a
Moundville specialty. The rectangular bowl is a vertical-sided, flat-bottomed, rectangular vessel with an eccentric rim, specifically with one side lower than the other three so as to display the containers contents. The designs painted on the rectangular vessels are similar to motifs found on other locally produced wares and include the oblong emblem with an embedded cross-in-circle motif(thought to be a graphic representation of a scalp stretched on a hoop), the hand, the skull, the ogee, concentric circles, rayed concentric circles, rayed semicircles, and rayed spirals.
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219:) has the effect of neutralizing the ionic charge of the clay particles. During the course of replicative pottery experiments, as the shell was added to the clay in the presence of water, distinct and immediate changes took place in the feel of the clay. With the valence neutral, the clay-temper combination produces a very satisfactory pottery clay. This modification of backswamp clay – particles now clumping instead of constantly slipping – into a well-behaved modeling clay would have been immediately noticed by the experienced prehistoric potter.
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to establish such insights. Combined with other evidence, the study of pottery artifacts is helpful in the development of theories on organisation, economic conditions and cultural development. Although the vast majority of
Mississippian pottery was produced for daily utilitarian uses, the finer varieties seem to have been made specifically for trade or for ritual use. The study of this pottery has allowed inferences to be drawn about the daily life, religion, social relationships, and trade with other groups.
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247:. Implements such as sticks, reeds, or bone fragments, were dragged through wet clay to incise it, or they were scratched into the surface of the dried but as yet unfired pieces to engrave. Sharpened reeds or fingernails were also used to punch small marks. Ornate designs and motifs are common decorative elements, which archaeologists use to track the spread of influences from one culture onto another culture. Many of the designs have symbolic meanings, usually associated with aspects of the
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temper – some instances being so finely ground as to look untempered. Extravagant fine serving wares and grave goods were also produced, with some examples exhibiting handles shaped like animal heads and tails, or in the shapes of animal or human forms. Women were probably the makers of pottery, as they were in most other Native
American cultures. Archaeologists found 11 polishing pebbles and a mushroom-shaped pottery anvil in the grave of a woman at the
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plate-like particles of backswamp clay are so small that they are influenced by the ionic charges at their edges. The collective ionic charge acts to cause the clay plates to repel each other and thus slip and slide against each other. The shell particles, also plate-like, were produced by the
Mississippian potter by collecting then burning freshwater mussel shells, which were originally most likely a byproduct of harvesting the meat for food.
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stronger vessel. Thinner coils to make thinner walled vessel were a natural consequence. As the potter was probably also the cook, she was now able to construct a more effective cooking pot. Thinner walls allowed heat to transfer to the food more effectively. A round vessel bottom allows easy stirring of the contents, a more even dissipation of the cooking heat and also permits a more even dispersion of the shock of impacts reducing breakage.
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improved set of technologies for horticulture, hunting and crafting. The bow and arrow, improved corn domestication and shell-tempered pottery wares were major technical advances which, along with widespread trade, contributed to the formation of the advanced chiefdom societies populating the
Eastern United States. These interacting chiefdoms were observed by the earliest of European contacts during the mid-16th century.
195:(primarily silica) and a high proportion of organic content. This is caused by the slow settling or deposition of the alluvial materials after floods. The clay particles tend to measure just a few micrometres in size and in plate-like form. Large amounts of water can be tightly held in the interspace between the clay particles. Add to this the organic ooze, and one has what is known colloquially as "gumbo" clay.
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1207:. An actual mining company was formed (the Pocola Mining Company) to loot the Spiro site, and over a couple of years time many of the more delicate contents were destroyed as the looters dynamited the mortuary mound to gain entrance to its interior. They dynamited the Great Mortuary of Spiro in 1934, and this destruction spurred preservationists to pass laws protecting American archaeological sites.
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test-tiles could be produced for examination. Test tiles gave information about the shrinkage rates of various clay/temper combinations to the 'green' state and yielded further information upon firing. Simple, round-bottom cooking jars were built using coil construction and the
Mississippian pottery tool set, including a pottery anvil, wooden paddle, mussel shell scrapers and polishing stones.
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595:, produced some of the finest and most widely spread ceramics. Pottery from the Cahokia site was especially fine, exhibiting smooth surfaces, very thin walls, and distinctive tempering, slips and coloring. Archaeologists have recorded how these qualities changed and evolved through time, and most examples can be pinpointed very accurately within the phases of the sites
863:- These compositions combine a checklist of motifs that include the skull, human hand, the forearm bone, trophy scalps stretched on a hoop, and the head of a raptor. Depictions of skulls show what are arguably scalp marks at the back of the head. Occasionally is included in the mix of motifs. These motifs are theorized to represent the
857:, the radial T-bar, or a dimple with a number of geometric ribbon-like bands extending outward. It is believed that the designs have cosmological connections to the four quarters or quadrants of the universe. Sometimes other motifs such as three conjoined fingers radiate out from the central symbols at the semi-cardinal points.
736:, a distinctive pottery tradition emerged, unmistakable because of its designs, materials and fine execution. These early pots were often grog tempered, although sometimes finely ground bone was used. Two main forms emerged that would become Caddoan pottery standards for the next 1000 years, a long slender necked bottle and a
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As
Europeans began to settle in the lush river valleys of the Midwest and Southeast, they discovered the abandoned village sites and monumental architecture left behind by the former Mississippian culture inhabitants of the region. Many were leveled for fields or dug into by treasure hunters. In some
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pottery spans most of the 14th and the first half of the 15th century CE In this time period there were more than likely only a few potters working in this style at any one time and in some cases archaeologists have found signature features that suggest a specific potter made multiple known examples.
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The coming of
Europeans and the attendant population loss, forced moves, and changing economy saw the end of the Caddo pottery tradition in the 18th century, and by the end of the 19th century only vestiges of the tradition survived. The last of the original tradition of Caddo pottery was made in the
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pottery is a locally produced ware with a distinctive engraving tradition. It is found in the graves of commoners and the elite alike, as well as being found in domestic settings. The other variety consists of painted vessels, many of which were not produced locally. Unlike the engraved pottery, the
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The research discovered that there were very good reasons for using shell tempering for
Mississippi Valley clays. The nature of clays formed by such a large meandering river system are distinctive. The huge annually flooded backswamp areas create a clay that is composed of very minute clay particles
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study of the pottery has provided one of the best insights into the culture. Because pottery is durable and often survives long after artifacts made from less durable materials have decayed past recognition, ceramics and stone tools are often the only objects that survive in great enough quantities
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form of bottles and bowls. Caddo pottery is considered to be some of the finest Mississippian pottery because of its thinness, symmetry, and very smooth finish, with some of its best examples being bottle forms with extensive geometric engravings. Pieces are often dark brown and black with a glossy
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being grown in the valley, and thus sustaining larger and healthier populations in evidence in the archeological record. Around 800 CE, shell-tempered pottery spread widely and rapidly from the middle Mississippi River valley to become an integral part of the expanding Mississippian culture and its
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The x-ray diffraction of a sample from an unfired lump of pottery clay excavated at the Zebree (3MS20) site confirmed that the shell was burned before being added to the raw clay. Burning the shells eliminates the organic binder and the cooled, burnt shells are easily crushed into a shell temper of
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is a diagnostic criterion in the identification of Mississippian cultures and their ceramic artifacts, excavated site strata, and archeological site surveys in general. The record indicates that around 800 CE, early populations of Mississippian peoples produced shell-tempered pottery in the Central
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at an archaeological dig in Cross County, Arkansas found the first reported example. Approximately 200 whole and fragmentary head pots are in private and public collections. Each is unique and it is thought because of the shapes of their eyes and half opened mouths that they are representations of
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Most pottery found at Mississippian sites is of the variety known as "Mississippian Bell Plain." It is buff colored, contains large fragments of ground mussel shell as a tempering agent, and is not as smooth and polished as finer varieties. Higher quality ceramics feature a finer ground shell as a
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paste. Shell tempering is one of the hallmarks of Mississippian cultural practices. Analysis of local differences in materials, techniques, forms, and designs is a primary means for archaeologists to learn about the lifeways, religious practices, trade, and interaction among Mississippian peoples.
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Hooded bottles or vessels were globular containers, resembling gourds, with a rounded base and a smaller "head." One side of the head was shaped like an animal or human face, while the other side was a black, hollow opening. They were slipped on their exterior surface. A theory is that these were
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Such clay has a high "shrink-swell" ratio depending upon the amount of water present. As it dries from a saturated to a dry state, it shrinks greatly – as seen in the cracked clay deposits of drying flooded areas – and this characteristic presents a serious problem to the potter. As the vessel is
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pottery. Woodland vessels tend to have thicker walls, flat or conical bases and a large amount of either coarse sand or grog used as temper. Mississippian vessels generally have thinner vessel walls, obvious white flecks of shell temper, and round-bottomed pottery forms. For decades archeologists
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became a cottage industry, as the value of the pots increased in demand on the art and antiquities markets. Many states as well as the US federal government now have laws prohibiting the looting of such sites, although the high prices these objects command on the black market has seen these laws
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was initially used as a pottery temper before shell became the popular choice. Rounded bowls and spherical jars are the most common forms, sometimes with embellished rims and handles. Salt pans, platters, bottles, and effigies have also been unearthed. Cord-marked, coarse-tempered wares were for
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Both amateur collectors as well as professional archeologists have long known that shell-tempered pottery is characteristic of the middle and lower Mississippi Valley. "Grave diggers" and amateur collectors have plundered many Mississippian mounds for the fine funerary effigies and other vessels
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Used to process salt, salt pans were large, ovular, shallow clay pans that could hold from 10 to 26 liters. A heavy slip made them more waterproof. They were most likely formed from a mold, possibly a basket. They were lined with grass or textiles to keep from sticking to each other or the mold
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Adding as little as 10–15% shell temper created an excellent pottery paste that was lighter, stronger and more able to withstand the drying process, and the clay's originally high plasticity was subdued. The calcium carbonate of the freshwater mussels also acts as a binding agent and created a
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Another and perhaps even more immediate challenge to the potter using the available backswamp clay is its extreme stickiness, which is called plasticity in ceramic terminology. All but the coarsest of clays are somewhat plastic and malleable in the presence of water; however, the minute, clay
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and the central Mississippi Valleys. This pottery was long thought to have been imported from these other areas as trade items, and modern chemical analysis has shown that much of it is. The same analysis has also proved that some of the pottery was made locally in the Moundville polity. The
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Some Mississippian culture pottery was decorated with textile imprints on them. Vegetal cordage or netting was impressed sometimes over the entire external surface of a vessel. Some archaeologists theorize that the textiles used for the imprints were older fabrics that were past their use as
832:- This theme involves a pair of woodpecker like birds with sinuous necks and crests tied in multiple knots around a central medallion or knot. It has a broad banded tail projecting below the center emblem. A variation of the theme features only the central medallion knot and projecting tail.
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A member of the team, Michael G. Million, also conducted replicative experiments, perhaps the first person to do so with the exact clays, tempers and tools used by prehistoric Mississippian potters. Pastes were created using a variety of temper-to-clay percentages so that vessels as well as
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and related state legislation, which made it clearer that such activities were illegal. The illegal digging of such objects destroys much of their archaeological value, as it removes its association from its surroundings. The situation in which an article is found, its level of burial, its
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Mississippian culture pottery was made from locally available clay sources, which often gives archaeologists clues as to where a specific example originated. The clay was tempered with an additive to keep it from shrinking and cracking in the drying and firing process, usually with ground
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produced red, orange, and brown slips. Vegetal pigments included roots, barks, and berries. A technique of "negative painting" involved painting the background and allowing the natural buff or grey of the clay to create the positive image. Beeswax or bear grease was sometimes used as a
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in Western North Carolina used sand as a tempering agent. Rim lugs and handles are absent, and vessel surfaces are either plain or decorated the "Complicated Stamped" style. The stamping paddles, made of wood or pottery, were impressed into unfired clay. Many stamps were salvaged from
805:. They are usually thin-walled bottles and bowls, tempered with finely ground mussel shell, and polished to a glossy black surface. About 150 whole and restored examples of this style are known. Although most have been found as grave goods, some show the marks of domestic use. The
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In the early 1970s, archeologists working in Northeast Arkansas for the Arkansas Archeological Survey began research into causes of Mississippi Valley potters' relatively sudden shift to shell temper. The team conducted research at the AAS Station Lab at
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origins, examples of its high status pottery went with it. Numerous examples have been found of local imitations of the exotic wares, albeit usually with less technical skill. Examples of Cahokian made or inspired wares have been found as far away as
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for liquids, figurative sculpture, and uniquely Mississippian forms such as head pots or hooded vessels. Funeral urns were either crafted specifically to hold human remains or were large utilitarian jars fitted with elaborately decorated lids.
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Chapter 20, The Cache River Archeological Project: An Experiment in Contract Archeology. Assembled by Michael B. Schiffer and John H. House. Arkansas Archeological Survey, Publications in Archeology, Research Series No. 8, 1975, pages
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surroundings and even its original condition are valuable in determining the history of many sites, all of which are lost when an object is removed in secret, unrecorded in its provenance, and lost to the antiquities black market.
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fine plate-like particles, some nearly powder. The hinges of the shells are discarded. Using burned shells is logical as unburned mussel shells are hard and very durable. In terms of soil technology, the addition of shell (
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of enemies or of their own honored dead. The pots often have painted surfaces, engraved lines representing tattooing and in some cases holes representing ear and nose piercing. Several fine examples are on display at the
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Archaeologists have also dated the ceramics and found that the most expertly made pieces were done in the 14th century. These earlier pieces also show more influences from outside thematic sources, specifically early
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used to store seed grain, and unfired clay plugs, such as Kersey Clay Objects, sealed the opening. Another theory is that the bottles were used for liquids. Owls and opossums are often featured on hooded vessels.
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shell engravings from the Central Mississippi Valley. As the 15th century progressed, less competency is shown by the potters, which may indicate that less importance was attached to this particular artform.
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is some of the finest known in North America. It is usually found in the areas of Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas and Oklahoma. About 1200 CE as the Caddoan culture emerged from local woodland cultures such as
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Griffin, James B., Prehistoric Cultures of the Central Mississippi Valley. In Archeology of Eastern United States, edited by James B. Griffin, pp. 226–238. University of Chicago Press, 1952, Chicago.
114:. Some decoration of the clay was done at this stage by incising, defenstrating, adding shapes, or stamping designs into the wet clay. After the piece had dried completely, it was fired in a wood fire.
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The potters used slab-built construction and the "coiling" method, which involved working the clay into a long string which was wound round to form a shape and then modeled to form smooth walls. The
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within mounds and surrounding village areas. Early professional surveys in the valley noted the preponderance of shell-tempered wares in large village sites throughout the valley alluvial plains.
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to define the image, and it would melt away in the firing process. Sometimes paint was worked into incised lines. Hematite could be heated to increase its spectrum from warm red to deep violet.
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Moore, Clarence B., Some Aboriginal Sites on Mississippi River, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1911, Vol. XIV, Part III, pp. 365–476. Philadelphia.
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Head pots are jars shaped like human heads, typical male, and the figures commonly appear to be deceased. They are typically 3–8 inches tall, with smaller vessels found in the
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The benefits of shell-tempered pottery vessels to the Mississippian household were much more efficient utility containers for cooking, particularly the increasing amounts of
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Ceramic pipes often featured animal effigies. L-shaped elbow pipes were the most common form. A hollow reed or sourwood stem would be inserted into the pipe for smoking.
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Million, Michael G. (1975). "Chapter 20-Research Design for the Aboriginal Ceramic Industries of the Cache River Basin". In Michael B. Schiffer; John H. House (eds.).
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1218:, in part due to the controversy over Slack Farm). Prosecution on this charge was difficult in the late 1980s, in part because this predated the passage of the
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In 1987 ten looters paid $ 10,000 to dig at the Slack Farm property. After two months complaints by local people led to the arrest of the perpetrators for the
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Most slipped surface ceramics are the shell-tempered light red Monks Mound Red type, with black and brown ceramics with grog and grit temper still occurring.
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809:, while similar to engraved pottery from the Tennessee Valley, the Mississippi Valley, and the Gulf Coast, reflects a distinctive local interpretation of
454:. They are considered to be the pinnacle of the Mississippian culture ceramics and are some of the rarest and most unusual clay vessels in North America.
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446:. The polychrome pots feature red, cream, and black slip on buff clay. Most were made between 1200 and 1500 CE in the Central Mississippi Valley area of
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The most ubiquitous form of Mississippian pottery is the "standard Mississippi jar," or a globular jar with a recurved rim and subtle should. In the
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with a serrated crest, and Forked Eye Surround Motif. But, unlike raptor images from other localities(such as the Dancing birdman copper plates or
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made from a mixture of sifted fine clay or paint and buffed to a high finish. The first Europeans to encounter Caddoan pottery were members of the
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1067:. Throughout the southeast, samples of negative pottery can be found, featuring circles, crosses, and rings of dark slip on lighter backgrounds.
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negative-painted pottery only seems to have been used by the elites at the Moundville site itself, and have not been found outside of the site.
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A variety of bichrome and polychrome vessels have also been found at Moundville. Stylistically they closely resemble pottery found along the
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821:-A chimeric creature with the body of a rattlesnake, feathered wings, a mammalian head and deer antlers. A local representation of the
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in the American Midwest and Southeast. It is often characterized by the adoption and use of riverine (or more rarely marine) shell-
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Mississippian ceramics took many forms, from earplugs, beads, smoking pipes, discs, to cooking pots, serving dishes, bottles or
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That country is populous and abundant. Pottery is made there of clay, little differing from that of Estremoz or Montemor.
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Effigy pots were a mainstay of many Mississippian peoples, although they come in many different varieties. Some come in
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have examined, sorted, described and stored Woodland sherds from those of Mississippian vessels with relative ease.
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shapes and others in the shape of mythological creatures associated with the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.
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Shepard, Anna O., Ceramics for the Archaeologist, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1956, Publication 609.
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Nodena- An Account of 90 years of Archaeological Investigation in Southeast Mississippi County, Arkansas
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2028:"Grave robbers and academics:Fascinating book recounts the struggle for rich cache of Indian artifacts"
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1480:. Research Series No. 8. Arkansas Archeological Survey, Publications in Archeology. pp. 217–222.
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Expedition in 1541, who described it as matching even the finest potters of their European homeland.
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Pottery has been used to define phase sequences for Southern Appalachian Mississippian cultures.
839:- Similar to other falcon and eagle motifs of the S.E.C.C., this variation depicts a hooked beak
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Chronologies based on pottery have been essential for dating Mississippian cultures. Along with
853:- This theme usually has a central symbol such as the cross-and-circle, concentric circles, the
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4442:
4289:
4239:
4220:
4210:
4161:
4156:
3824:
3819:
3807:
3751:
3741:
3568:
3372:
3290:
3225:
2934:
2781:
2754:
2724:
2527:
2517:
1244:
959:
746:
613:
549:
492:
484:
163:
50:
677:
Powell Plain and Ramey-Incised appear for the first time, tempering is predominantly shell
4896:
4850:
4602:
4547:
4537:
4397:
4319:
4176:
4106:
4101:
4081:
4048:
3931:
3872:
3829:
3812:
3797:
3558:
3528:
3260:
3024:
2989:
2979:
2939:
2661:
2608:
2568:
2492:
2454:
2327:
2287:
2244:
1718:"Messages, Meanings and Motfis: An Analysis of Ramey Incised Ceramics at the Aztalan Site"
1200:
1060:
955:
742:
600:
476:
419:
301:
134:
703:
Nearly all tempering is shell, Powell Plain and Ramey Incised types are no longer in use
4978:
4963:
4953:
4855:
4592:
4422:
4377:
4274:
4186:
4141:
3971:
3904:
3899:
3834:
3616:
3483:
3330:
3054:
2904:
2879:
2869:
2384:
1187:
1173:
1051:
822:
438:
Bust showing how inhabitants of the Parkin site may have looked, based on an effigy pot
2210:"The spread of shell-tempered ceramics along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico"
1050:
regions differed dramatically from surrounding traditions; potters there used crushed
17:
5074:
4835:
4830:
4722:
4672:
4667:
4652:
4642:
4637:
4387:
4264:
4076:
4053:
3914:
3734:
3663:
3621:
3578:
3538:
3513:
3367:
3300:
3295:
3265:
3114:
3089:
2999:
2949:
2864:
2801:
2734:
2487:
2434:
2342:
2224:
1325:
1413:
Griffin, James B. (1952). "Prehistoric Cultures of the Central Mississippi Valley".
5038:
4993:
4943:
4933:
4913:
4881:
4782:
4737:
4717:
4502:
4482:
4447:
4362:
4347:
4166:
4038:
3961:
3761:
3724:
3593:
3493:
3444:
3347:
3305:
3079:
3044:
2909:
2884:
2811:
2796:
2786:
2774:
2686:
2671:
2588:
2543:
2249:
1962:"Indians of Arkansas:The Mississippi Period-Southeastern Chiefdoms A.D. 900 – 1541"
1192:
1165:
1055:
942:
840:
621:
146:
87:
1042:
cooking, and serving wares were fine-tempered and highly polished. Pottery of the
4891:
4772:
4752:
4617:
4477:
4467:
4352:
4096:
3862:
3714:
3658:
3606:
3320:
3177:
2964:
2874:
2818:
2769:
2548:
2439:
2414:
2367:
2352:
1211:
938:
617:
467:
127:
119:
100:
63:
2239:
524:
Head pot from Arkansas on display at the National Museum of the American Indian
4928:
4825:
4697:
4612:
4527:
4437:
3987:
3611:
3563:
3533:
3473:
3280:
3039:
2849:
2791:
2749:
2739:
2593:
2472:
2134:
Research Design for the Aboriginal Ceramic Industries of the Cache River Basin
1428:
Fowler, Melvin L.; Hall, Robert L. (1972). "Archeological Phases at Cahokia".
963:
596:
463:
423:
360:
4702:
4532:
3683:
3673:
3653:
3548:
3357:
3245:
3137:
2914:
2598:
2512:
2152:
Early Art of the Southeastern Indians: Feathered Serpents and Winged Beings.
1870:
1739:
Winterville-Late Prehistoric Culture Contact In the Lower Mississippi Valley
1552:"A Comparative Study of the Swennes Woven Nettle Bag and Weaving Techniques"
1038:
609:
244:
103:
tempering (use of crushed-up potsherds) persisted into Mississippian times.
1478:
The Cache River Archeological Project: An Experiment in Contract Archeology
1288:"Museum of Native American Artifacts-MISSISSIPPIAN PERIOD 900 AD – 1450 AD"
1079:
Moundville vessel with frog designs, decorated rim, and rim lugs, photo by
1810:
4901:
4865:
4815:
4677:
4462:
3909:
3877:
3094:
3019:
2362:
2357:
2116:
Sun Circles and Human Hands: the Southeastern Indians – Art and Industry.
1398:
Moore, Clarence B. (1911). "Some Aboriginal Sites on Mississippi River".
854:
737:
451:
447:
410:, broken potsherds were rounded off and reused as discoidal game pieces.
317:
313:
309:
1511:
Sun Circles and Human Hands: the Southeastern Indians – Art and Industry
4908:
4392:
4269:
4191:
3884:
3867:
3698:
3678:
3132:
3029:
2347:
1191:
ignored. Two of the most widely publicized sites to be looted were the
1169:
407:
326:
240:
168:
316:
for black were used to paint the pottery, with red and white spirals,
4254:
3465:
3335:
2984:
2889:
2240:
Caddo Pottery-All the books I've read and what I've learned from them
1509:
Fundaburk, Emma Lila (2001) . Mary Douglass Fundaburk Foreman (ed.).
1215:
305:
96:
591:
Cahokia, Pre-Columbian North Americas largest civic center north of
4998:
3668:
3414:
2944:
2806:
1741:. Mississippi Department of Archives and History. pp. 69–92.
1151:
715:
582:
433:
321:
227:
197:
145:
81:
68:
2082:"Mississippi History Now:Archaeology and Prehistoric Mississippi"
1142:
Potsherd with a stamped design, Notla Mound, North Carolina, NMAI
4958:
772:(Caddo) single-handedly revived her tribe's ceramic traditions.
625:
395:
183:
involving macroscopic, microscopic, petrographic thin-sections,
54:
3991:
2258:
813:. Five major themes have been identified as part of the style.
2114:
Fundaburk, Emma Lila and Mary Douglass Fundaburk Foreman, ed.
1764:
Sunwatch: Fort Ancient development in the Mississippian world
1214:
of "desecrating a venerable object" (a charge which is now a
847:), this theme does not combine human features with the avian.
780:
There are two major varieties of pottery associated with the
632:
Phases from Cahokia and markers for pottery changes over time
466:
of sorts, although it is unclear if they are meant to be the
386:
garments. Corncobs were also used to create texture on pots.
375:
Red and white painted beaker from the Parkin site in Arkansas
1862:
Steponaitis, Vincas P.; Knight, Vernon J. Jr. (2003-08-08).
635:
167:
Mississippi Valley at sites, such as the Fairmont Phase at
133:
Mississippian pottery is easily distinguished from earlier
2004:"Stiff fines for site looting handed down in Burke County"
1400:
Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
2189:
Volume 14. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2004.
2147:, Arkansas Archeological Survey, Research Report 4, 1975.
1417:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 226–238.
536:
Bird effigy serving dish from the Nodena site in Arkansas
2111:. Illinois State Museum, Papers in Anthropology 1, 1972.
801:
pottery found at the Moundville site is categorized as
768:
late 19th century in Oklahoma. Beginning in the 1990s,
2118:
Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2001 (1957).
1221:
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
27:
Ceramics of the Mississippian culture (800 to 1600 CE)
1909:(1 ed.). University of Tennessee Press. p.
1903:
Sullivan, Lynne P.; Prezzano, Susan C. (2001-12-12).
86:
A diorama of a Mississippian culture potter from the
1495:. Vol. 609. Carnegie Institution of Washington.
979:
Oblong emblem with an embedded cross-in-circle motif
171:
and the Early Mississippian strata excavated at the
4874:
4806:
4338:
4067:
3843:
3775:
3707:
3646:
3639:
3592:
3464:
3453:
3383:
3234:
3191:
3123:
2831:
2705:
2617:
2536:
2463:
2326:
2317:
2185:
William C. Sturtevant and Raymond D. Fogelson, eds.
363:
painted beakers from the Moundville site in Alabama
279:
Engraved vessel from the Moundville site in Alabama
1454:, Research Report 4, Arkansas Archeological Survey
1357:. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series.
1864:"Moundville Art in Historical and Social Context"
1260:Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas
1027:Rectangular, vertical-sided, flat-bottomed vessel
99:shells. In some locations the older tradition of
2235:Mississippian pottery from Arkansas and Missouri
2208:Weinstein, Richard A.; Dumas, Ashley A. (2008).
1015:Polychrome vessel and ceremonial axes and blades
720:Caddoan Mississippian pottery on display at the
291:Engraved beaker from the Parkin site in Arkansas
2174:Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990.
1785:
1783:
1683:
1681:
1616:
1614:
1612:
784:site and the surrounding areas of Alabama. The
751:
548:Hooded bottle from Arkansas, collection of the
2187:Handbook of North American Indians: Southeast.
2061:"Sites:Slack Family Farm: Uniontown, Kentucky"
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1811:"Narratives of a career of a FIDALGO OF ELVAS"
1379:"Encyclopedia of Alabama-Mississippian Period"
1345:
1343:
1341:
1235:Ceramics of indigenous peoples of the Americas
175:(3MS20) at Big Lake in northeastern Arkansas.
4003:
2270:
2145:Report on excavations at the Zebree site 1969
1452:Report on excavations at the Zebree site 1969
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
867:, the journey of the dead into the afterlife.
741:finish achieved by the application of a fine
239:Many Mississippian ceramics are decorated by
8:
1504:
1502:
1445:
1443:
722:Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History
690:Limestone tempering has all but disappeared
73:A human head effigy pot from the Nodena site
2154:Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004.
1766:. University of Alabama Press. p. 46.
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
4010:
3996:
3988:
3643:
3461:
2323:
2277:
2263:
2255:
1711:
1709:
1545:
1543:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
263:Ceramic beaker from Cahokia with engraved
4518:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
1906:Archaeology of the Appalachian highlands
2107:Fowler, Melvin L. and Robert L. Hall.,
1602:
1600:
1572:
1570:
1270:
1069:
969:
870:
514:
457:In 1880 an expedition sponsored by the
331:
253:
202:A potter smooths the inside of a vessel
1644:
1642:
1402:. XIV Part III. Philadelphia: 365–476.
587:Diorama at Cahokia of a potter at work
473:National Museum of the American Indian
1984:. Arkansas Archeological Survey. 2007
803:Moundville Engraved, variety Hemphill
7:
1054:and grit as tempers. Peoples of the
4989:Norse colonization of North America
1666:"RiverWeb:AmBot:PreHist:Technology"
1415:Archeology of Eastern United States
2293:Mississippian and related cultures
25:
1306:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 538, 540
1160:, showing trade with other groups
58:The value of this pottery on the
2286:
2087:. Mississippi Historical Society
1626:Encyclopedia of Arkansas History
1135:
1119:
1103:
1088:
1072:
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
972:
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:
541:
529:
517:
368:
353:
334:
284:
272:
256:
187:and x-ray diffraction analyses.
5009:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
3927:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2109:Archeological Phases at Cahokia
489:Parkin Archeological State Park
249:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
235:Incised and engraved decoration
2309:Timeline of Mississippi valley
1493:Ceramics for the Archaeologist
916:Center symbols and bands theme
1:
3509:Grand Village of the Illinois
2026:Furry, William (2007-11-07).
1791:"The Caddo Pottery Tradition"
950:Moundville polychrome pottery
729:Caddoan Mississippian culture
31:Mississippian culture pottery
4974:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
4924:Eastern Agricultural Complex
3286:Grand Village of the Natchez
2171:The Mississippian Emergence.
1951:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 276
1942:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 277
1933:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 275
1893:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 274
1830:"Reviving a Lost Tradition."
1594:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 584
1585:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 540
1576:Sturtevant and Fogelson, 556
1255:Mississippian stone statuary
1240:Fort Ancient culture pottery
1033:Southern Appalachian pottery
110:was not used by pre-contact
62:market has led to extensive
4358:Bandelier National Monument
4232:List of Mississippian sites
4019:Pre-Columbian North America
2304:List of Mississippian sites
1762:Cook, Robert Allen (2007).
1515:University of Alabama Press
1156:Non-local pottery found at
5117:
4778:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
4383:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
4092:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
1737:Brain, Jeffrey P. (1989).
1250:Plaquemine culture pottery
1186:areas exploitation of the
1003:Polychrome stripped vessel
991:Polychrome stripped vessel
381:Textile impressed ceramics
41:(800 to 1600 CE) found as
5047:
5019:Three Sisters agriculture
4025:
3954:
2299:
1689:"Artifacts-Ramey pottery"
1491:Shepard, Anna O. (1956).
1351:Dan Morse (archaeologist)
1197:Le Flore County, Oklahoma
694:
681:
668:
655:
481:Hampson Museum State Park
181:Arkansas State University
4558:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
4117:Buttermilk Creek complex
3221:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
2217:Southeastern Archaeology
1835:(retrieved 20 July 2010)
1436:. Illinois State Museum.
1181:Looting and modern value
851:Center symbols and bands
761:Gentleman of Elvas, 1557
727:Pottery produced by the
574:Notable local traditions
462:deceased individuals, a
304:using such materials as
78:Materials and techniques
5086:Native American pottery
4758:Town Creek Indian Mound
4728:Sierra de San Francisco
4583:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
3851:Ballgame (Southeastern)
3747:Long-nosed god maskette
3627:SunWatch Indian Village
3574:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs
3435:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
1982:"UA-WRI -Carden Bottom"
312:for red, and sometimes
5096:Native American relics
4413:Coso Rock Art District
4300:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
4203:List of Hopewell sites
3602:Alligator Effigy Mound
3216:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
3168:Leon-Jefferson culture
2564:Caborn-Welborn culture
1450:Morse, Dan F. (1975),
1430:Papers in Anthropology
1205:Union County, Kentucky
1161:
765:
724:
588:
501:Fayetteville, Arkansas
497:University of Arkansas
439:
347:Cross County, Arkansas
203:
159:
91:
74:
18:Shell-tempered pottery
5091:Pre-Columbian pottery
5081:Mississippian culture
4821:Arlington Springs Man
4663:Portsmouth Earthworks
2331:and Upper Mississippi
2132:Million, Michael G.,
1833:Texas Beyond History.
1155:
1126:Moundville bowl with
719:
586:
444:Arkansas River Valley
437:
201:
149:
85:
72:
39:Mississippian culture
5029:Transoceanic contact
4919:Container Revolution
4493:Gila Cliff Dwellings
4458:Etowah Indian Mounds
3890:Earth/fertility cult
3594:Fort Ancient culture
2478:Dogtooth Bend Mounds
2464:Lower Ohio River and
2450:Steed-Kisker culture
1517:. pp. 170–171.
1326:"THE MISSISSIPPIANS"
880:Winged Serpent theme
47:archaeological sites
4949:Green Corn Ceremony
4763:Turkey River Mounds
4553:Lake Jackson Mounds
4373:Blue Spring Shelter
3895:Green Corn Ceremony
3455:Upper Mississippian
3405:Blue Spring Shelter
3125:Fort Walton culture
2579:Hovey Lake District
2223:(2). Archived from
1097:Fort Walton Culture
345:effigy bottle from
158:, endemic to the US
152:Quadrula intermedia
60:illegal antiquities
5034:Underwater panther
4708:Rosenstock Village
4578:Marmes Rockshelter
4563:L'Anse aux Meadows
3977:de Soto Expedition
3942:Underwater panther
3788:Central Algonquian
3499:Fisher Mound Group
3143:Apalachee Province
3110:Waddells Mill Pond
1716:Mollerud, Katy J.
1162:
892:Crested bird theme
776:Moundville pottery
725:
696:Sand Prairie Phase
589:
440:
343:Underwater panther
297:Painted decoration
204:
160:
92:
75:
5068:
5067:
5060:Pre-Columbian era
4861:Spirit Cave mummy
4658:Plum Bayou Mounds
4568:Lynch Quarry Site
4087:Ancient Beringian
3985:
3984:
3950:
3949:
3635:
3634:
3251:Atchafalaya Basin
3193:Pensacola culture
3158:Fort Walton Mound
3050:Punk Rock Shelter
3010:Mouse Creek phase
2833:South Appalachian
2827:
2826:
2706:Central and Lower
2647:Castalian Springs
2637:Brentwood Library
2537:Middle Ohio River
2390:Emerald Acropolis
2180:978-0-8173-5452-7
2124:978-0-8173-1077-6
1920:978-1-57233-142-6
1773:978-0-8173-5458-9
1524:978-0-8173-1077-6
1095:Pottery from the
770:Jereldine Redcorn
707:
706:
404:Pensacola culture
217:calcium carbonate
185:atomic absorption
156:freshwater mussel
35:ceramic tradition
16:(Redirected from
5108:
5004:Projectile point
4841:Leanderthal Lady
4768:Upward Sun River
4743:Stallings Island
4733:Shell ring sites
4683:Recapture Canyon
4598:Moorehead Circle
4443:El Fin del Mundo
4428:Cueva de la Olla
4234:
4221:Maritime Archaic
4205:
4035:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3989:
3752:Mill Creek chert
3742:Duck River cache
3644:
3462:
3226:Pensacola people
3020:Muscogee (Creek)
2860:Bell Field Mound
2574:Hovey Lake-Klein
2528:Wickliffe Mounds
2503:Rowlandton Mound
2420:Lunsford-Pulcher
2324:
2291:
2290:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2256:
2231:
2229:
2214:
2168:Smith, Bruce D.
2150:Power, Susan C.
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:. Illinois Times
2032:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1869:. Archived from
1868:
1859:
1836:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1691:. Archived from
1685:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1649:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1618:
1607:
1604:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1347:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1284:
1245:Hopewell pottery
1139:
1123:
1107:
1092:
1076:
1024:
1012:
1000:
988:
976:
928:Trophy theme cup
925:
913:
901:
889:
877:
845:shell engravings
763:
747:Hernando de Soto
636:
614:Winterville site
579:Cahokian pottery
550:Gilcrease Museum
545:
533:
521:
493:Parkin, Arkansas
485:Wilson, Arkansas
372:
357:
338:
288:
276:
260:
112:Native Americans
64:looting of sites
21:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5055:Genetic history
5043:
4897:Ceremonial pipe
4870:
4851:Minnesota Woman
4808:
4802:
4623:Ocmulgee Mounds
4603:Morrison Mounds
4548:Kolomoki Mounds
4538:Kimball Village
4398:Candelaria Cave
4340:
4334:
4315:Suwannee Valley
4250:Old Cordilleran
4230:
4201:
4069:
4063:
4029:
4021:
4016:
3986:
3981:
3967:Clarksdale bell
3946:
3932:Stone box grave
3873:Ceremonial pipe
3839:
3798:Mobilian Jargon
3771:
3703:
3631:
3588:
3456:
3449:
3386:
3379:
3237:
3230:
3187:
3119:
3065:Rucker's Bottom
2855:Beaverdam Creek
2835:
2823:
2707:
2701:
2662:Hiwassee Island
2619:
2613:
2604:Welborn Village
2532:
2493:Millstone Bluff
2466:Confluence area
2465:
2459:
2455:Sugarloaf Mound
2395:Emmons Cemetery
2330:
2328:American Bottom
2319:
2313:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2227:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2143:Morse, Dan F.,
2104:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:Morgan, David.
2079:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1839:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
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1774:
1761:
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1756:
1749:
1736:
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1698:
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1664:
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1652:
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1631:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1537:Sturtevant, 538
1536:
1532:
1525:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1349:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1272:
1268:
1231:
1201:Slack Farm site
1188:platform mounds
1183:
1166:anthropologists
1150:
1143:
1140:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1108:
1099:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1061:Nacoochee Mound
1035:
1028:
1025:
1016:
1013:
1004:
1001:
992:
989:
980:
977:
952:
929:
926:
917:
914:
905:
902:
893:
890:
881:
878:
811:S.E.C.C. themes
795:
778:
764:
759:
714:
712:Caddoan pottery
700:1275 – 1350 CE
687:1200 – 1275 CE
683:Moorehead Phase
674:1100 – 1200 CE
661:1050 - 1100 CE
634:
601:American Bottom
581:
576:
570:before firing.
567:
559:
552:
546:
537:
534:
525:
522:
509:
477:Washington D.C.
432:
420:anthropomorphic
416:
392:
383:
376:
373:
364:
358:
349:
339:
299:
292:
289:
280:
277:
268:
261:
237:
154:, a species of
144:
142:Shell tempering
135:Woodland period
80:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5114:
5112:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5073:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4979:Mound Builders
4976:
4971:
4966:
4964:Medicine wheel
4961:
4956:
4954:Horned Serpent
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4693:Roberts Island
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4628:Old Stone Fort
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4593:Moaning Cavern
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:Kincaid Mounds
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4423:Cuarenta Casas
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4378:Bluefish Caves
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4339:Archaeological
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4137:Caloosahatchee
4134:
4129:
4124:
4122:Caborn-Welborn
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4068:Archaeological
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3972:Mound Builders
3969:
3964:
3959:
3958:Related topics
3955:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3920:Village bundle
3912:
3907:
3905:Platform mound
3902:
3900:Horned Serpent
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3767:Stone statuary
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:Leo Petroglyph
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:Moccasin Bluff
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Gentleman Farm
3501:
3496:
3491:
3489:Carcajou Point
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3459:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Caddoan Mounds
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:Dauphin Island
3203:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Bussell Island
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Beasley Mounds
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:Kincaid Mounds
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2400:Horseshoe Lake
2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:Dickson Mounds
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:on 2012-04-25.
2203:
2202:External links
2200:
2199:
2198:
2183:
2166:
2163:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2130:
2127:
2112:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2072:
2052:
2043:
2018:
2002:Gresham, Tom.
1994:
1973:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1919:
1895:
1886:
1837:
1822:
1802:
1779:
1772:
1754:
1747:
1729:
1705:
1677:
1650:
1638:
1608:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1566:
1539:
1530:
1523:
1513:. Tuscaloosa:
1498:
1483:
1457:
1439:
1420:
1405:
1390:
1370:
1363:
1337:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1269:
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1264:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1182:
1179:
1174:archaeologists
1149:
1148:In archaeology
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1052:quartz crystal
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1007:
1005:
1002:
995:
993:
990:
983:
981:
978:
971:
951:
948:
934:Hemphill style
931:
930:
927:
920:
918:
915:
908:
906:
903:
896:
894:
891:
884:
882:
879:
872:
869:
868:
858:
848:
833:
826:
823:Horned Serpent
819:winged serpent
807:Hemphill style
799:Hemphill style
794:
793:Hemphill style
791:
786:Hemphill style
777:
774:
757:
734:Fourche Maline
713:
710:
705:
704:
701:
698:
692:
691:
688:
685:
679:
678:
675:
672:
670:Stirling Phase
666:
665:
662:
659:
653:
652:
647:
642:
633:
630:
580:
577:
575:
572:
566:
563:
558:
555:
554:
553:
547:
540:
538:
535:
528:
526:
523:
516:
508:
507:Hooded bottles
505:
459:Peabody Museum
431:
428:
415:
412:
391:
388:
382:
379:
378:
377:
374:
367:
365:
359:
352:
350:
340:
333:
298:
295:
294:
293:
290:
283:
281:
278:
271:
269:
262:
255:
236:
233:
143:
140:
108:potter's wheel
79:
76:
53:agents in the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5113:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:Falcon dancer
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:Miscellaneous
4873:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:Melbourne Man
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:La Brea Woman
4834:
4832:
4831:Kennewick Man
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4723:Serpent Mound
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Pueblo Bonito
4671:
4669:
4668:Poverty Point
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4653:Pinson Mounds
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4643:Painted Bluff
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:Horr's Island
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:Effigy Mounds
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Crystal River
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4330:Weeden Island
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:Safety Harbor
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4285:Poverty Point
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:Paleo-Indians
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4226:Mississippian
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4013:
4008:
4006:
4001:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:Sacred bundle
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
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3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
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3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3735:Wulfing cache
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3720:Copper plates
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Three Sisters
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:Little barley
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:Serpent Mound
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3584:Summer Island
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3387:Mississippian
3382:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3238:Mississippian
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Corbin–Tucker
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Roods Landing
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:Moccasin Bend
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Hoojah Branch
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2837:Mississippian
2834:
2830:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Menard-Hodges
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2697:Swallow Bluff
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:Tennessee and
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Marshall Site
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2320:Mississippian
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2245:Pottery Heist
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2195:0-16-072300-0
2192:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:0-8203-2501-5
2157:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2029:
2022:
2019:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1876:on 2010-06-14
1872:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1748:0-938896-58-X
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1695:on 2010-06-03
1694:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1364:1-56349-057-9
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1154:
1147:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1110:Human effigy
1106:
1101:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1006:
999:
994:
987:
982:
975:
970:
968:
965:
961:
957:
949:
947:
944:
940:
935:
924:
919:
912:
907:
900:
895:
888:
883:
876:
871:
866:
865:Path of Souls
862:
859:
856:
852:
849:
846:
842:
838:
834:
831:
827:
824:
820:
816:
815:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
792:
790:
787:
783:
775:
773:
771:
762:
756:
755:
750:
748:
744:
739:
735:
730:
723:
718:
711:
709:
702:
699:
697:
693:
689:
686:
684:
680:
676:
673:
671:
667:
663:
660:
658:
657:Lohmann Phase
654:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
594:
585:
578:
573:
571:
564:
562:
556:
551:
544:
539:
532:
527:
520:
515:
513:
506:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
465:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
436:
429:
427:
425:
422:shapes, some
421:
413:
411:
409:
405:
400:
397:
389:
387:
380:
371:
366:
362:
356:
351:
348:
344:
337:
332:
330:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
296:
287:
282:
275:
270:
266:
259:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
234:
232:
229:
224:
220:
218:
212:
208:
200:
196:
192:
188:
186:
182:
176:
174:
170:
165:
157:
153:
148:
141:
139:
136:
131:
129:
123:
121:
115:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
89:
84:
77:
71:
67:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
5039:Water glyphs
4994:Oasisamerica
4984:N.A.G.P.R.A.
4944:Folsom point
4934:Effigy mound
4914:Clovis point
4882:Aridoamerica
4783:Wickiup Hill
4738:Spiro Mounds
4718:Salmon Ruins
4713:Russell Cave
4508:Helen Blazes
4503:Grimes Point
4483:Fort Juelson
4473:Fort Ancient
4448:El Vallecito
4408:Chaco Canyon
4348:Angel Mounds
4310:Steed-Kisker
4260:Paleo-Arctic
4182:Glacial Kame
4167:Fort Ancient
4059:Post-Classic
4030:
3962:Chevron bead
3868:Burial mound
3762:Shell gorget
3756:
3730:Spiro plates
3725:Rogan plates
3544:Knoll Spring
3519:Hartley Fort
3479:Beattie Park
3363:Transylvania
3201:Bottle Creek
3163:Lake Jackson
3045:Pisgah phase
2975:Little Egypt
2925:Garden Creek
2910:Dallas phase
2797:Tipton phase
2775:Nodena phase
2672:Mound Bottom
2657:Fewkes Group
2642:Brick Church
2544:Angel Mounds
2410:Kuhn Station
2405:John Chapman
2225:the original
2220:
2216:
2186:
2170:
2151:
2144:
2133:
2115:
2108:
2089:. Retrieved
2075:
2064:. Retrieved
2055:
2046:
2035:. Retrieved
2021:
2010:. Retrieved
1997:
1986:. Retrieved
1976:
1965:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1878:. Retrieved
1871:the original
1832:
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1805:
1794:. Retrieved
1763:
1757:
1738:
1732:
1721:. Retrieved
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1669:. Retrieved
1630:. Retrieved
1625:
1590:
1581:
1558:. Retrieved
1550:Karol, Amy.
1533:
1510:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1451:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1399:
1393:
1382:. Retrieved
1373:
1354:
1329:. Retrieved
1320:
1311:
1302:
1291:. Retrieved
1219:
1209:
1193:Spiro Mounds
1184:
1163:
1128:Trophy theme
1127:
1056:Pisgah phase
1036:
962:, the lower
953:
943:Braden style
933:
932:
904:Raptor theme
864:
861:Trophy theme
860:
850:
841:bird of prey
836:
830:crested bird
829:
818:
806:
802:
798:
796:
785:
779:
766:
760:
753:
752:
726:
708:
649:
644:
639:
622:Fort Ancient
590:
568:
560:
510:
468:trophy heads
456:
441:
417:
401:
393:
384:
300:
238:
225:
221:
213:
209:
205:
193:
189:
177:
161:
132:
124:
116:
105:
93:
88:Angel Mounds
30:
29:
5024:Thunderbird
4892:Black drink
4856:Peñon woman
4793:Winterville
4773:Velda Mound
4753:Taos Pueblo
4648:Parkin Park
4633:Orwell site
4618:Nodena site
4513:Holly Bluff
4488:Four Mounds
4478:Fort Center
4403:Casa Grande
4353:Anzick site
4245:Monongahela
4172:Fort Walton
4147:Coles Creek
4112:Belle Glade
4097:Anishinaabe
3937:Thunderbird
3863:Black drink
3715:Emmons mask
3659:Chenopodium
3647:Agriculture
3569:Plum Island
3524:Hotel Plaza
3373:Winterville
3353:Scott Place
3291:Holly Bluff
3211:Fort Walton
2965:Lamar phase
2819:Walls phase
2715:Belle Meade
2708:Mississippi
2652:Dunbar Cave
2554:Annis Mound
2549:Angel phase
2523:Ware Mounds
2518:Twin Mounds
2368:Ramey state
2353:Monks Mound
1622:"Head pots"
1212:misdemeanor
1114:in Georgia
1081:C. B. Moore
939:Walls phase
618:Mississippi
495:and in the
414:Effigy pots
308:for white,
173:Zebree Site
128:grave goods
120:Nodena site
90:site museum
5075:Categories
4969:Metallurgy
4929:Eden point
4826:Buhl Woman
4698:Rock Eagle
4688:River Styx
4613:Mummy Cave
4608:Moundville
4588:Mesa Verde
4573:Marksville
4320:Tchefuncte
4280:Plaquemine
4216:Las Palmas
4132:Calf Creek
4127:Cades Pond
3674:Marshelder
3559:Oak Forest
3529:Hoxie Farm
3343:Pocahontas
3236:Plaquemine
3173:Letchworth
3105:Town Creek
3040:Park Mound
3005:Moundville
2990:Mandeville
2980:Long Swamp
2940:Jere Shine
2792:Quigualtam
2740:Chucalissa
2627:Backusburg
2620:Cumberland
2609:Yankeetown
2594:Slack Farm
2569:Ellerbusch
2473:Adams site
2380:Cloverdale
2102:References
2091:2010-07-19
2066:2010-07-19
2037:2010-07-19
2012:2010-07-19
1988:2010-07-19
1967:2010-07-19
1880:2010-08-22
1816:2010-07-19
1796:2010-07-21
1723:2010-07-19
1699:2010-07-19
1671:2010-07-19
1632:2010-07-19
1560:2010-07-21
1384:2010-07-19
1331:2010-07-19
1315:Power, 194
1293:2010-07-18
1170:historians
1158:Moundville
1130:engravings
1048:Blue Ridge
964:Ohio River
960:Cumberland
782:Moundville
597:chronology
499:Museum in
464:death mask
424:zoomorphic
361:Polychrome
126:placed as
5101:Figurines
5014:Stickball
4703:Rock Hawk
4533:Key Marco
4325:Troyville
4305:St. Johns
4290:Red Ocher
4049:Formative
3803:Muskogean
3776:Languages
3689:Sunflower
3549:Mero site
3484:Blood Run
3138:Apalachee
3085:Summerour
3025:Nacoochee
2782:Owl Creek
2677:Riverview
2667:Link Farm
2559:Bone Bank
2513:Turk Site
2508:Towosahgy
2373:Woodhenge
2085:(article)
2031:(article)
2007:(article)
1648:Smith, 56
1606:Power 145
1039:Limestone
956:Tennessee
941:and late
738:carinated
624:sites in
610:Wisconsin
565:Salt pans
430:Head pots
265:woodhenge
245:engraving
164:tempering
51:tempering
43:artifacts
4902:Chanunpa
4887:Ballgame
4866:Vero man
4816:Anzick-1
4788:Windover
4748:SunWatch
4678:Rassawek
4498:Glenwood
4388:Brewster
4240:Mogollon
4211:La Jolla
4197:Hopewell
4157:Deptford
4070:cultures
3910:Red Horn
3878:Chanunpa
3856:Northern
3844:Religion
3825:Timucuan
3793:Cherokee
3579:Schwerdt
3539:Juntunen
3514:Griesmer
3457:cultures
3410:Bluffton
3296:Jaketown
3261:Fitzhugh
3115:Wilbanks
3095:Tomotley
3070:Savannah
3035:Ocmulgee
3015:Mulberry
2950:Joe Bell
2870:Biltmore
2865:Bessemer
2730:Campbell
2692:Old Town
2498:Orr-Herl
2435:Orendorf
2430:Mitchell
2363:Mound 72
2358:Mound 34
2343:Big Eddy
2137:217–222.
2050:Power, 1
1353:(1973).
1229:See also
1199:and the
1195:site in
1112:Ocmulgee
1044:Piedmont
855:swastika
758:—
452:Missouri
448:Arkansas
341:Painted
314:graphite
310:hematite
241:incising
5051:Related
4909:Chunkey
4809:remains
4798:Wupatki
4638:Paquime
4528:Huápoca
4393:Cahokia
4363:Bastian
4270:Patayan
4192:Hohokam
4177:Fremont
4152:Comondú
4107:Baytown
4102:Avonlea
4082:Alachua
4054:Classic
4044:Archaic
4032:Periods
3885:Chunkey
3830:Tunican
3808:Natchez
3783:Caddoan
3757:Pottery
3708:Artwork
3699:Tobacco
3679:Pumpkin
3640:Culture
3494:Fifield
3425:Gahagan
3400:Belcher
3385:Caddoan
3368:Venable
3331:Natchez
3316:Mazique
3271:Fosters
3266:Flowery
3256:Emerald
3133:Anhaica
3090:Taskigi
3055:Rembert
3030:Nikwasi
2995:McMahan
2970:Liddell
2845:Adamson
2755:Janet's
2745:Denmark
2720:Boone's
2682:Sellars
2589:Prather
2348:Cahokia
2338:Aztalan
2250:Pottery
1065:Georgia
650:Markers
606:Aztalan
408:Florida
318:fylfots
169:Cahokia
37:of the
33:is the
4468:Folsom
4433:Cutler
4368:Benson
4255:Oneota
4187:Glades
4162:Folsom
4142:Clovis
4039:Lithic
3820:Siouan
3813:Taensa
3684:Squash
3607:Clover
3466:Oneota
3440:Keller
3430:Hughes
3395:Battle
3336:Taensa
3321:Medora
3311:Mangum
3306:Julice
3301:Jordan
3148:Cayson
3080:Sixtoe
3075:Shiloh
2985:Mabila
2920:Etowah
2900:Citico
2890:Chiaha
2885:Chauga
2802:Tunica
2787:Parkin
2770:Nodena
2765:Murphy
2735:Carson
2584:Murphy
2440:Sleeth
2425:McCune
2415:Larson
2318:Middle
2193:
2178:
2158:
2122:
1917:
1770:
1745:
1521:
1361:
1216:felony
1083:, 1905
837:raptor
640:Phases
620:. and
612:, the
593:Mexico
487:, the
479:, the
327:resist
306:galena
162:Shell
97:mussel
4999:Piasa
4807:Human
4438:Eaker
4341:sites
4275:Plano
4077:Adena
3835:Yuchi
3669:Maize
3654:Beans
3612:Dodge
3564:Palos
3534:Huber
3474:Anker
3445:Spiro
3415:Caddo
3348:Routh
3281:Glass
3276:Ghost
3178:Velda
3100:Toqua
2960:Lamar
2945:Joara
2935:Irene
2905:Coosa
2895:Chota
2875:Blair
2850:Avery
2812:Yazoo
2807:Koroa
2750:Eaker
2687:Obion
2445:Starr
2228:(PDF)
2213:(PDF)
1874:(PDF)
1867:(PDF)
1628:. n.d
1555:(PDF)
1266:Notes
645:Dates
557:Pipes
396:ollas
390:Forms
322:ochre
302:Slips
267:motif
228:maize
4959:Kiva
3358:Sims
3326:Mott
3246:Anna
2955:King
2915:Dyar
2725:Boyd
2599:Tolu
2191:ISBN
2176:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2120:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1768:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1168:and
1046:and
835:The
828:The
817:The
797:The
743:slip
626:Ohio
450:and
101:grog
55:clay
4463:Eva
3183:Yon
1911:203
1203:in
1063:in
616:in
608:in
491:in
483:in
475:in
406:of
243:or
45:in
5077::
2221:27
2219:.
2215:.
1913:.
1840:^
1782:^
1708:^
1680:^
1653:^
1641:^
1624:.
1611:^
1599:^
1569:^
1542:^
1501:^
1460:^
1442:^
1432:.
1340:^
1273:^
1172:,
958:,
628:.
503:.
251:.
150:A
122:.
66:.
4011:e
4004:t
3997:v
2278:e
2271:t
2264:v
2197:.
2182:.
2162:.
2126:.
2094:.
2069:.
2040:.
2015:.
1991:.
1970:.
1923:.
1883:.
1819:.
1799:.
1776:.
1751:.
1726:.
1702:.
1674:.
1635:.
1563:.
1527:.
1434:1
1387:.
1367:.
1334:.
1296:.
825:.
20:)
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