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in the stratosphere, releasing atoms of chlorine which react with oxygen (ozone) to form chlorine monoxide, and that they are individually able to destroy large numbers of ozone molecules. It was obvious that
Rowland had a good idea of what was occurring at higher altitudes when he stated "...I knew that such a molecule could not remain inert in the atmosphere forever, if only because solar photochemistry at high altitudes would break it down". Rowland's research, first published in
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the overall ozone levels were dropping. Rowland and his colleagues interacted both with the public and the political side and suggested various solutions, which allowed to step wise reduce the CFC impact. CFC emissions were regulated first within Canada, the United States, Sweden and Norway. In the 1980s, the Vienna
Agreement and the Montreal Protocol allowed for global regulation.
314:, Rowland received a majority of his education in public schools and, due to accelerated promotion was able to graduate high school several weeks before his 16th birthday. In the summers during his high school career, Frank was entrusted to run the local weather service station. This was Rowland's first exposure to systematic experimentation and data collection. After entering
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F concentrations. Rowland's work also showed how the density of the ozone layer varied by season increasing in
November and decreasing until April where it levels out for the summer only to increase in November. Data gained throughout successive years showed that although the pattern was consistent,
360:
magazine in 1974, initiated a scientific investigation of the problem. In 1978, a first ban on CFC-based aerosols in spray cans was issued in the United States. The actual production did however not stop and was soon on the old levels. It took till the 1980s to allow for a global regulation policy.
355:
in 1978 and served as a president of
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1993. His best-known work was the discovery that chlorofluorocarbons contribute to ozone depletion. Rowland theorized that man made organic compound gases will decompose as a result of solar radiation
326:
as a mentor and began to study radiochemistry. Rowland's thesis was about the chemical state of cyclotron-produced radioactive bromine atoms. Rowland received his B.A. from Ohio
Wesleyan University in 1948. He then earned his M.S. in 1951 and his Ph.D. in 1952, both from the University of Chicago.
55:
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318:, Rowland was about to graduate shortly before his 18th birthday. Instead, he was enlisted to the Navy to train radar operators. Rowland was discharged after 14 months as a non commissioned officer. After entering the
527:. Upon hearing the news, renowned chemist and good friend Mario J. Molina stated: "Sherry was a prime influence throughout my career and had inspired me and many others to walk in the shadow of his greatness".
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Rowland performed many measurements of the atmosphere. One experiment included collecting air samples at various cities and locations around the globe to determine CCl
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B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, D. R. Blake and A. R. "Ravi" Ravishankara, "F. Sherwood
Rowland", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2022)
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and Jeff
Rowland. He had two granddaughters. After suffering from a short bout of ill health, Rowland died on March 10, 2012, of complications from
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F was mixing between hemispheres quite rapidly. The same measurement was repeated 8 years later, and the results showed a steady increase in CCl
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F North-South mixing. By measuring the concentrations at different latitudes, Rowland was able to see that CCl
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693:(1974). "Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone".
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Research in
Chemical Kinetics: Progress Report, January 1, 1978 to September 30, 1978"
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1153:
Freeview video interview with F.Sherwood
Rowland provided by the Vega Science Trust.
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Radiochemistry
Research: Progress Report, October 1, 1974 to September 30, 1975"
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Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.
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building was named after Rowland. A bust of Rowland is visible in the lobby.
389:
Rowland Hall at the University of California, Irvine is named after Rowland.
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603:"F. Sherwood Rowland dies at 84; UC Irvine professor won Nobel Prize"
236:
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2625:
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907:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
347:, in 1964. At Irvine in the early 1970s he began working with
964:"Frank Sherwood 'Sherry' Rowland. 28 June 1927—10 March 2012"
744:. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. 1997. p. 296.
1032:"F. Sherwood Rowland, 84, Dies; Raised Alarm Over Aerosols"
343:(1956–64) before becoming a professor of chemistry at the
4211:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1169:
UCI Nobel winner F. Sherwood 'Sherry' Rowland dies at 84
493:
Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2004
274:(June 28, 1927 – March 10, 2012) was an American
4119:
968:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
4075:
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2661:
2280:
1981:
1722:
1483:
1263:
1112:
Research in Chemical Kinetics. Annual Report, 1994"
1097:
Research in Chemical Kinetics. Annual Report, 1993"
253:
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149:
138:
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107:
89:
68:
45:
4186:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates
2912:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates
2728:Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
1175:Ozone layer scientist who 'saved the world' dies
1165:including the Nobel Lecture on December 8, 1995
928:Meier, James; Canalis, John (October 9, 1998).
439:Honorary Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) degree from
1187:Andersen, Stephen O.; Conzalez, Marco (2012).
519:Frank Rowland was the father of art historian
4266:Members of the American Philosophical Society
4201:Deaths from Parkinson's disease in California
3804:
3196:
2896:
2637:
1237:
856:"Albert Einstein World Award of Science 1994"
294:. His best-known work was the discovery that
8:
4256:United States Navy personnel of World War II
4271:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
930:"University Dedicates Building to Nobelist"
572:"Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660–2015"
3811:
3797:
3789:
3203:
3189:
3181:
2903:
2889:
2881:
2644:
2630:
2622:
1244:
1230:
1222:
1160:
405:Rowland won numerous awards for his work:
397:Rowland (left) receives an award from the
53:
42:
1212:
979:
665:
500:in Antarctica was named after him in 2007
428:Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement
193:Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement
4276:Fellows of the American Physical Society
4236:University of California, Irvine faculty
1151:CFCs, Ozone Depletion and Global Warming
1010:United States Department of the Interior
243:The epithermal reactions of recoil atoms
4126:
1183:in The Independent by Marcus Williamson
810:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
763:
761:
742:Nobel Lectures in Chemistry (1991–1995)
535:
1030:Barringer, Felicity (March 12, 2012).
566:
564:
453:Albert Einstein World Award of Science
175:Albert Einstein World Award of Science
736:
734:
732:
640:Prather, M. J.; Blake, D. R. (2012).
541:
539:
417:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
4206:Foreign members of the Royal Society
510:in Delaware, Ohio named in his honor
1001:Geographic Names Information System
34:. For the American politician, see
1120:United States Department of Energy
1105:United States Department of Energy
1090:United States Department of Energy
1071:United States Department of Energy
768:F. Sherwood Rowland – Biographical
30:For the Australian cricketer, see
25:
642:"F. Sherwood Rowland (1927–2012)"
399:Rochester Institute of Technology
4153:
4141:
4129:
2938:Monokombu Sambasivan Swaminathan
1474:
1116:University of California, Irvine
1101:University of California, Irvine
1086:University of California, Irvine
1073:(through predecessor agency the
1067:University of California, Irvine
345:University of California, Irvine
284:University of California, Irvine
230:University of California, Irvine
4221:Ohio Wesleyan University alumni
3630:/ John Frederick Grassle (2013)
1006:United States Geological Survey
915:American Academy of Achievement
574:. Royal Society. Archived from
508:Rutherford B. Hayes High School
479:American Academy of Achievement
335:Rowland held academic posts at
272:Frank Sherwood "Sherry" Rowland
601:Roan, Shari (March 12, 2012).
547:"Fellows of the Royal Society"
472:American Philosophical Society
1:
3340:Ernest John Christopher Polge
422:Leo Szilard Lectureship Award
351:. Rowland was elected to the
4246:University of Kansas faculty
4241:University of Chicago alumni
4231:Princeton University faculty
4216:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
589:Laureates of the Japan Prize
353:National Academy of Sciences
27:American chemist (1927–2012)
2778:Christiane NĂĽsslein-Volhard
1133:F. Sherwood Rowland Papers.
962:Harris, Neil R. P. (2020).
486:UC Irvine physical sciences
4292:
4261:United States Navy sailors
4226:People from Delaware, Ohio
3970:Stephen Edgar Halford
477:Golden Plate Award of the
29:
3986:David William Holden
3356:William Hayward Pickering
3231:Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir
2808:
1472:
265:
208:
101:Newport Beach, California
59:Rowland at the inaugural
52:
32:Frank Rowland (cricketer)
4196:American Nobel laureates
2398:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
1677:Wendell Meredith Stanley
1257:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1189:"Frank Sherwood Rowland"
1075:Atomic Energy Commission
806:"Frank Sherwood Rowland"
465:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
316:Ohio Wesleyan University
306:Education and early life
163:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
123:Ohio Wesleyan University
4012:William Motherwell
3497:/ Keith J. Sainsbury /
2724:(United Kingdom/Poland)
322:, Rowland was assigned
4066:Dale Brian Wigley
4043:Peter St George-Hyslop
3668:Emmanuelle Charpentier
3287:Frank Sherwood Rowland
2814:Nobel Prize recipients
2764:Physiology or Medicine
2562:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2550:M. Stanley Whittingham
1521:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
981:10.1098/rsbm.2019.0032
402:
390:
286:. His research was on
47:Frank Sherwood Rowland
2979:Albrecht Fleckenstein
1932:Christian B. Anfinsen
1572:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
781:"F. Sherwood Rowland"
396:
388:
339:(1952–56) and at the
320:University of Chicago
288:atmospheric chemistry
129:University of Chicago
4251:Atmospheric chemists
4083:K. Frank Austen
4054:David Tollervey
3773:John Michael Wallace
3163:Jean-Pierre Changeux
2594:Karl Barry Sharpless
2091:Dudley R. Herschbach
1916:Luis Federico Leloir
1127:Archival collections
886:search.amphilsoc.org
882:"APS Member History"
578:on October 15, 2015.
341:University of Kansas
337:Princeton University
61:World Science Summit
4109:F. Sherwood Rowland
4038:David Henry Solomon
4033:Nancy Rothwell
4006:John F. B. Mitchell
3929:David B. A. Epstein
3757:/ Kazuo Hagimoto /
3596:Tadamitsu Kishimoto
3326:Jacques-Louis Lions
2683:F. Sherwood Rowland
2586:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
2498:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
2235:Jens Christian Skou
2203:F. Sherwood Rowland
2115:Charles J. Pedersen
2079:Herbert A. Hauptman
1772:Vincent du Vigneaud
1389:Richard Willstätter
1273:Jacobus van 't Hoff
1205:2012PhT....65j..70A
1157:F. Sherwood Rowland
1056:Technical Reports:
911:www.achievement.org
707:1974Natur.249..810M
658:2012Natur.484..168P
525:Parkinson's disease
459:Roger Revelle Medal
331:Career and research
296:chlorofluorocarbons
278:and a professor of
169:Roger Revelle Medal
4104:Michele Parrinello
3976:Andrew D. Hamilton
3873:Malcolm Brown
3735:Robert A. Weinberg
3717:Robert G. Gallager
3662:Steven D. Tanksley
3648:Theodore Friedmann
3551:Victor A. McKusick
3509:Masatoshi Takeichi
3457:Timothy R. Parsons
3453:John B. Goodenough
3447:Kimishige Ishizaka
3422:Jack L. Strominger
3418:W. Wesley Peterson
3398:Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
3394:Joseph Engelberger
3370:Edward F. Knipling
3145:Ewine van Dishoeck
3021:Charles R. Goldman
3015:Jean-Marie Ghuysen
2985:Raymond U. Lemieux
2546:John B. Goodenough
2474:William E. Moerner
2354:Richard R. Schrock
2326:Roderick MacKinnon
2298:K. Barry Sharpless
2123:Johann Deisenhofer
1952:Geoffrey Wilkinson
1948:Ernst Otto Fischer
1872:Robert S. Mulliken
1808:Jaroslav HeyrovskĂ˝
1756:Hermann Staudinger
1576:Irène Joliot-Curie
1159:on Nobelprize.org
1036:The New York Times
831:"Honorary Degrees"
557:on March 16, 2015.
403:
391:
4191:American chemists
4117:
4116:
4098:Elliot Meyerowitz
4028:Carol V. Robinson
3924:Richard M. Durbin
3852:Julian Besag
3786:
3785:
3755:Masataka Nakazawa
3749:Christopher Field
3634:Yasuharu Suematsu
3578:Shun-ichi Iwasaki
3537:Peter Shaw Ashton
3477:Benoit Mandelbrot
3471:Andrzej Tarkowski
3291:Elias James Corey
3178:
3177:
3068:Ralph J. Cicerone
3003:Herbert H. Jasper
2950:Margaret Burbidge
2878:
2877:
2795:Economic Sciences
2784:Eric F. Wieschaus
2747:Martin Lewis Perl
2619:
2618:
2602:Moungi G. Bawendi
2522:Richard Henderson
2366:Roger D. Kornberg
2334:Aaron Ciechanover
2167:Rudolph A. Marcus
2071:Robert Merrifield
2007:Peter D. Mitchell
1780:Cyril Hinshelwood
1541:Friedrich Bergius
1465:Richard Zsigmondy
1381:Theodore Richards
1329:Ernest Rutherford
1214:10.1063/PT.3.1759
1122:, (June 1, 1994).
934:Los Angeles Times
785:www.nasonline.org
621:on March 15, 2012
607:Los Angeles Times
447:Peter Debye Award
381:Awards and honors
292:chemical kinetics
269:
268:
210:Scientific career
181:Peter Debye Award
16:(Redirected from
4283:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4125:
3954:Vernon C. Gibson
3813:
3806:
3799:
3790:
3624:C. Grant Willson
3412:Marc Van Montagu
3386:Takashi Sugimura
3320:Xavier Le Pichon
3265:Donald Henderson
3261:Georges Vendryes
3205:
3198:
3191:
3182:
3098:John T. Houghton
3056:Daniel H. Janzen
2997:Sherwood Rowland
2926:Ricardo Bressani
2905:
2898:
2891:
2882:
2816:
2801:Robert Lucas Jr.
2753:Frederick Reines
2646:
2639:
2632:
2623:
2612:
2610:Alexei I. Ekimov
2596:
2590:Morten P. Meldal
2580:
2568:
2556:
2540:
2524:
2514:Jacques Dubochet
2508:
2492:
2476:
2460:
2444:
2438:Robert Lefkowitz
2432:
2424:
2408:
2402:Thomas A. Steitz
2392:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2350:Robert H. Grubbs
2344:
2328:
2316:
2300:
2273:
2271:Hideki Shirakawa
2257:
2249:
2237:
2221:
2205:
2189:
2181:
2169:
2161:
2159:Richard R. Ernst
2153:
2145:
2133:
2117:
2101:
2085:
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2037:
2035:Frederick Sanger
2021:
2015:Herbert C. Brown
2009:
2001:
1993:
1991:William Lipscomb
1974:
1962:
1954:
1942:
1926:
1924:Gerhard Herzberg
1918:
1910:
1898:
1890:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1838:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1800:Frederick Sanger
1794:
1786:
1784:Nikolay Semyonov
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1738:
1736:Glenn T. Seaborg
1715:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1663:
1661:Artturi Virtanen
1655:
1647:
1645:George de Hevesy
1639:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1606:
1598:
1586:
1578:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1543:
1531:
1523:
1511:
1503:
1501:Heinrich Wieland
1495:
1493:Theodor Svedberg
1478:
1477:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1307:
1305:Adolf von Baeyer
1299:
1291:
1289:Svante Arrhenius
1283:
1275:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1164:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
992:
986:
985:
983:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
925:
919:
918:
903:
897:
896:
894:
892:
878:
872:
871:
869:
867:
858:. Archived from
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
835:Whittier College
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
777:
771:
770:. nobelprize.org
765:
756:
755:
738:
727:
726:
715:10.1038/249810a0
686:
680:
679:
669:
637:
631:
630:
628:
626:
617:. Archived from
598:
592:
586:
580:
579:
568:
559:
558:
553:. Archived from
543:
441:Whittier College
324:Willard F. Libby
255:Doctoral advisor
249:
96:
78:
76:
57:
43:
36:Frank L. Rowland
21:
18:Sherwood Rowland
4291:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4154:
4152:
4142:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4088:Peter Goldreich
4071:
3996:Malcolm Longair
3991:David Kemp
3904:Partha Dasgupta
3847:Spencer Barrett
3842:Samson Abramsky
3830:
3817:
3787:
3782:
3777:Ronald M. Evans
3763:Karl Deisseroth
3759:Gero Miesenböck
3731:Bert Vogelstein
3727:Martin A. Green
3705:
3686:Max Dale Cooper
3672:Jennifer Doudna
3644:Yutaka Takahasi
3566:
3513:Erkki Ruoslahti
3495:Akira Fujishima
3463:Tim Berners-Lee
3431:
3426:Don Craig Wiley
3312:W. Jason Morgan
3296:
3255:Theodore Maiman
3241:Willem J. Kolff
3215:
3209:
3179:
3174:
3127:Michael Grätzel
3103:
3086:Fraser Stoddart
3050:Niels Birbaumer
3032:
3027:Robert Weinberg
2961:
2914:
2909:
2879:
2874:
2812:
2804:
2803:(United States)
2789:
2786:(United States)
2774:(United States)
2772:Edward B. Lewis
2758:
2755:(United States)
2749:(United States)
2733:
2708:
2688:
2685:(United States)
2677:Mario J. Molina
2671:Paul J. Crutzen
2657:
2650:
2620:
2615:
2599:
2583:
2574:David MacMillan
2571:
2566:Jennifer Doudna
2559:
2543:
2527:
2511:
2502:Fraser Stoddart
2495:
2486:Paul L. Modrich
2479:
2463:
2447:
2435:
2427:
2422:Ei-ichi Negishi
2414:Richard F. Heck
2411:
2395:
2382:Osamu Shimomura
2379:
2371:
2363:
2347:
2331:
2319:
2303:
2290:William Knowles
2287:
2276:
2267:Alan MacDiarmid
2260:
2252:
2240:
2224:
2219:Richard Smalley
2208:
2195:Paul J. Crutzen
2192:
2184:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2136:
2120:
2111:Jean-Marie Lehn
2104:
2088:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2040:
2024:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1977:
1972:Vladimir Prelog
1965:
1957:
1945:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1901:
1893:
1877:
1869:
1864:Robert Woodward
1861:
1856:Dorothy Hodgkin
1853:
1841:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1718:
1706:
1701:William Giauque
1698:
1690:
1685:Robert Robinson
1682:
1669:James B. Sumner
1666:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1616:Leopold RuĹľiÄŤka
1612:Adolf Butenandt
1609:
1601:
1589:
1581:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1549:Irving Langmuir
1546:
1534:
1526:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1434:Frederick Soddy
1431:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1361:Victor Grignard
1358:
1350:
1342:
1337:Wilhelm Ostwald
1334:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1259:
1250:
1186:
1147:
1129:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1012:
996:"Mount Rowland"
994:
993:
989:
961:
960:
956:
946:
944:
927:
926:
922:
905:
904:
900:
890:
888:
880:
879:
875:
865:
863:
862:on June 7, 2014
854:
853:
849:
839:
837:
829:
828:
824:
814:
812:
804:
803:
799:
789:
787:
779:
778:
774:
766:
759:
752:
740:
739:
730:
689:Molina, M. J.;
688:
687:
683:
667:10.1038/484168a
639:
638:
634:
624:
622:
600:
599:
595:
591:. japanprize.jp
587:
583:
570:
569:
562:
545:
544:
537:
533:
517:
470:Elected to the
415:Elected to the
383:
375:
371:
367:
349:Mario J. Molina
333:
308:
300:ozone depletion
247:
204:
143:Ozone depletion
134:
116:Alma mater
103:
98:
94:
85:
80:
74:
72:
64:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4289:
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4278:
4273:
4268:
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4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4150:
4138:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:Jane Lubchenco
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4057:
4050:
4048:Chris Stringer
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3966:
3964:Bryan Grenfell
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3919:Graham Dockray
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3899:Anthony Cullis
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3879:Richard Catlow
3876:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3766:
3752:
3741:Katalin KarikĂł
3738:
3724:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3696:Yoshio Okamoto
3693:
3690:Jacques Miller
3679:
3665:
3655:
3641:
3638:C. David Allis
3631:
3621:
3614:Nicholas Lydon
3603:
3592:Dennis Ritchie
3585:
3582:Peter Vitousek
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3557:Dennis Meadows
3554:
3547:Robert E. Kahn
3540:
3533:Peter GrĂĽnberg
3526:
3516:
3502:
3499:John H. Lawton
3488:
3481:James A. Yorke
3474:
3460:
3450:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3415:
3401:
3383:
3376:Charles K. Kao
3373:
3363:
3360:Arvid Carlsson
3353:
3350:Kary B. Mullis
3343:
3333:
3323:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3284:
3277:Luc Montagnier
3258:
3247:Henry Beachell
3244:
3237:David Turnbull
3234:
3227:John R. Pierce
3223:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3169:Zhong Lin Wang
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3115:Julio Montaner
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2722:Joseph Rotblat
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2597:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2541:
2534:Gregory Winter
2530:Frances Arnold
2525:
2509:
2493:
2477:
2461:
2454:Michael Levitt
2450:Martin Karplus
2445:
2433:
2425:
2409:
2393:
2390:Roger Y. Tsien
2386:Martin Chalfie
2377:
2369:
2361:
2345:
2329:
2317:
2301:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2263:Alan J. Heeger
2258:
2250:
2238:
2231:John E. Walker
2222:
2206:
2190:
2182:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2134:
2131:Hartmut Michel
2118:
2107:Donald J. Cram
2102:
2086:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2047:Roald Hoffmann
2038:
2031:Walter Gilbert
2022:
2010:
2002:
1999:Ilya Prigogine
1994:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1968:John Cornforth
1963:
1955:
1943:
1936:Stanford Moore
1927:
1919:
1911:
1899:
1891:
1884:Ronald Norrish
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1839:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1792:Alexander Todd
1787:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1739:
1732:Edwin McMillan
1726:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1607:
1599:
1592:Norman Haworth
1587:
1579:
1567:
1559:
1552:
1544:
1532:
1524:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1453:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1426:Walther Nernst
1421:
1414:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1321:Eduard Buchner
1316:
1308:
1300:
1297:William Ramsay
1292:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1046:External links
1044:
1042:
1041:
1022:
987:
954:
920:
898:
873:
847:
822:
797:
772:
757:
750:
728:
691:Rowland, F. S.
681:
632:
593:
581:
560:
534:
532:
529:
521:Ingrid Rowland
516:
513:
512:
511:
501:
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456:
450:
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437:
431:
425:
419:
413:
382:
379:
373:
369:
365:
332:
329:
312:Delaware, Ohio
307:
304:
298:contribute to
276:Nobel laureate
267:
266:
263:
262:
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251:
250:
239:
233:
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227:
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147:
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140:
139:Known for
136:
135:
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132:
126:
119:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
99:
97:(aged 84)
93:March 10, 2012
91:
87:
86:
83:Delaware, Ohio
81:
70:
66:
65:
58:
50:
49:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
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4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
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4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4161:
4160:United States
4151:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4127:
4123:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:Nicholas Wald
4058:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
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4031:
4029:
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3940:
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3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Caroline Dean
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:Gordon Conway
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:Donal Bradley
3865:
3863:
3862:Martin Bobrow
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3824:Royal Society
3821:
3814:
3809:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3769:Brian Hoskins
3767:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3745:Drew Weissman
3742:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3682:Akira Yoshino
3680:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3652:Alain Fischer
3649:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3618:Masato Sagawa
3615:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3600:Toshio Hirano
3597:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3561:David E. Kuhl
3558:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3519:John Houghton
3517:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3491:Kenichi Honda
3489:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
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3423:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3366:Nick Holonyak
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3308:Marvin Minsky
3306:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3248:
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3228:
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3213:
3206:
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3157:Omar M. Yaghi
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3149:
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3119:
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2016:
2011:
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1995:
1992:
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747:
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701:(5460): 810.
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651:
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551:Royal Society
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528:
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522:
515:Personal life
514:
509:
505:
502:
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498:Mount Rowland
496:
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484:In 1998, the
483:
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260:Willard Libby
258:
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79:June 28, 1927
71:
67:
62:
56:
51:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4108:
4064:
4052:
4023:John A. Pyle
4018:David Preiss
4010:
3981:Edward Hinds
3968:
3959:Lynn Gladden
3949:Carlos Frenk
3944:Norman Fleck
3939:Bland Finlay
3894:Lennox Cowie
3884:Graeme Clark
3871:
3857:Tim Birkhead
3721:Svante Pääbo
3658:Hideo Hosono
3628:Jean Fréchet
3610:Brian Druker
3606:Janet Rowley
3588:Ken Thompson
3505:Makoto Nagao
3467:Anne McLaren
3408:Jozef Schell
3336:Gerhard Ertl
3330:John J. Wild
3316:Dan McKenzie
3281:Robert Gallo
3273:Frank Fenner
3251:Gurdev Khush
3139:Philip Cohen
3080:Ahmed Zewail
3044:Frank Fenner
2956:Martin Kamen
2932:Werner Stumm
2844:
2682:
2538:George Smith
2418:Akira Suzuki
2374:Gerhard Ertl
2358:Yves Chauvin
2306:John B. Fenn
2294:Ryoji Noyori
2281:2001–present
2255:Ahmed Zewail
2215:Harold Kroto
2202:
2199:Mario Molina
2127:Robert Huber
2099:John Polanyi
2083:Jerome Karle
2019:Georg Wittig
1904:Derek Barton
1896:Lars Onsager
1848:Giulio Natta
1844:Karl Ziegler
1836:John Kendrew
1604:Richard Kuhn
1529:Hans Fischer
1345:Otto Wallach
1281:Emil Fischer
1196:
1192:
1055:
1054:
1051:Bibliography
1035:
1025:
1015:February 10,
1013:. Retrieved
999:
990:
971:
967:
957:
945:. Retrieved
933:
923:
910:
901:
891:December 21,
889:. Retrieved
885:
876:
864:. Retrieved
860:the original
850:
840:November 23,
838:. Retrieved
834:
825:
815:December 21,
813:. Retrieved
809:
800:
790:December 21,
788:. Retrieved
784:
775:
741:
698:
694:
684:
649:
645:
635:
623:. Retrieved
619:the original
606:
596:
584:
576:the original
555:the original
518:
410:Tolman Medal
404:
363:
357:
334:
309:
271:
270:
241:
226:Institutions
209:
199:Tolman Award
95:(2012-03-10)
40:
4181:2012 deaths
4176:1927 births
4001:Alan Martin
3934:Gerard Evan
3529:Albert Fert
3485:Seiji Ogawa
3346:Frank Press
3212:Japan Prize
3062:Martin Rees
2944:Hugh Huxley
2654:Nobel Prize
2506:Ben Feringa
2490:Aziz Sancar
2470:Stefan Hell
2466:Eric Betzig
2243:Walter Kohn
2211:Robert Curl
2187:George Olah
2175:Kary Mullis
2151:Elias Corey
2143:Thomas Cech
2095:Yuan T. Lee
2063:Henry Taube
1596:Paul Karrer
1584:Peter Debye
1564:Harold Urey
1450:Fritz Pregl
1411:Fritz Haber
1353:Marie Curie
974:: 371–383.
434:Japan Prize
187:Japan Prize
108:Nationality
4170:Categories
3700:Rattan Lal
3676:Adi Shamir
3523:Akira Endo
3443:Ian McHarg
3390:Bruce Ames
3269:Isao Arita
3214:recipients
3133:Paul Nurse
3092:Ada Yonath
2694:Literature
2342:Irwin Rose
2322:Peter Agre
2247:John Pople
2055:Aaron Klug
1960:Paul Flory
1908:Odd Hassel
1832:Max Perutz
1713:Kurt Alder
1709:Otto Diels
1537:Carl Bosch
1199:(10): 70.
1077:), (1975).
866:August 13,
549:. London:
531:References
491:Elected a
75:1927-06-28
63:, May 2008
4148:Biography
4136:Chemistry
3543:Vint Cerf
3404:Leo Esaki
3380:Masao Ito
2991:Ali Javan
2780:(Germany)
2707:(Ireland)
2663:Chemistry
2656:laureates
2027:Paul Berg
1982:1976–2000
1723:1951–1975
1653:Otto Hahn
1484:1926–1950
1264:1901–1925
1253:Laureates
1107:, (1993).
1092:, (1978).
942:0458-3035
615:0458-3035
280:chemistry
220:Chemistry
3909:Nick Day
3826:elected
2730:(Canada)
2679:(Mexico)
1181:Obituary
1177:Guardian
723:32914300
676:22498618
506:Wing At
401:in 1975.
310:Born in
157:ForMemRS
145:research
111:American
4122:Portals
4076:Foreign
3835:Fellows
3828:in 2004
3822:of the
3820:Fellows
2739:Physics
1255:of the
1201:Bibcode
703:Bibcode
654:Bibcode
282:at the
4100:
3779:(2024)
3765:(2023)
3751:(2022)
3737:(2021)
3723:(2020)
3702:(2019)
3692:(2018)
3678:(2017)
3664:(2016)
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3368:Jr. /
3362:(1994)
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3243:(1986)
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3171:(2019)
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3159:(2017)
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940:
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721:
695:Nature
674:
646:Nature
613:
481:, 1996
474:(1995)
467:, 1995
461:, 1994
455:, 1994
449:, 1993
443:, 1989
436:, 1989
430:, 1983
424:, 1979
412:, 1976
358:Nature
248:(1952)
246:
237:Thesis
216:Fields
201:(1976)
195:(1983)
189:(1989)
183:(1993)
177:(1994)
171:(1994)
165:(1995)
159:(2004)
150:Awards
3710:2020s
3571:2010s
3436:2000s
3301:1990s
3220:1980s
3108:2010s
3037:2000s
2966:1990s
2919:1980s
2845:1995
2714:Peace
2652:1995
1145:Other
719:S2CID
131:(PhD)
2870:2000
2865:1999
2860:1998
2855:1997
2850:1996
2840:1994
2835:1993
2830:1992
2825:1991
2820:1990
2698:1995
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1418:1919
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1396:1916
1017:2016
949:2016
938:ISSN
893:2021
868:2013
842:2019
817:2021
792:2021
746:ISBN
672:PMID
627:2016
611:ISSN
504:STEM
290:and
125:(BA)
90:Died
69:Born
1209:doi
976:doi
711:doi
699:249
662:doi
650:484
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