72:
738:
561:
722:
424:
122:
89:
907:
798:
195:
369:
129:
96:
749:
dubbed as a "modernization drive"; the neighborhoods were Bar Barozh, Saraeye, Kalhey, Burj and
Barshey, whose inhabitants were relocated to the new towns or elsewhere in Iraq and replaced by Arabs. The majority of the Arabs resettled in the Sinjar Mountains have remained in the region as of 2010.
772:
and the religious composition consisted of
Yazidis, Sunni Muslims, and Christians. There were 23 primary schools, three intermediate schools and seven secondary schools, a hospital, two other health care facilities, three public parks and two sports fields. The town had three churches, a
848:, Kurdish forces and Yazidi militias backed by US airstrikes, entered the city and fully regained its control from ISIL. Following the recapture, in the nearby hamlet of Solagh, east of Sinjar city, Kurdish forces found a mass grave with the remains of at least 78 Yazidi women from
414:
empires and several times switched hands between the two empires. A 6th-century source describes the population of
Singara as being composed of Pagans, Christians and Jews. There are few visible traces of the ancient town of Singara.
71:
840:
to retake Sinjar from ISIL militants, Kurdish forces pushed into the city. However, the
Kurdish advance into Sinjar was stalled, as they faced stiff resistance from ISIL militants inside the southern half of the city.
1054:
737:
1454:
560:
852:
village believed to be executed by ISIL militants. Following the recapture of Sinjar, Yazidi groups engaged in revenge looting and burnings targeting Sunni
Muslims, as well as reprisal killings.
868:
860:
In August 2017, the
Yazidis of Sinjar declared their government autonomous at a press conference. Peshmerga forces withdrew from Sinjar on 17 October 2017, allowing the Iraqi Army and the
768:
According to statistical survey of the Sinjar
District in 2013, the city of Sinjar had a population of 77,926. The ethnic composition of the city consisted of Kurds, Arabs, Turkmens, and
603:
destroyed the double wall of Sinjar and the mashhad of Ali in 1262; the mashhad was rebuilt afterward by the
Ilkhanid's Persian governor of the area Muhammad al-Yazdi. Ibn al-Adim and
1426:
969:
1687:
1058:
1296:"Emerging Land Tenure Issues among Displaced Yazidis from Sinjar, Iraq: How Chances of Return may be Further Undermined by a Discrimination Policy Dating Back 40 Years"
1924:
492:(d. 1186) noted that Sinjar was protected by a double wall, the first being the original wall built by the Uqaylids and the newer wall built by the local Zengid ruler
721:
406:, an Arab tribe. At the beginning of 6th century, a tribe called Qadišaiē (Kαδίσηνοι), who were of either Kurdish or Arab origin, dwelt there. The Qadišaye practiced
1462:
709:(in office in 1816–1831) was unable to suppress the Yazidis and the Yazidi revolts of 1850–1864 were ended after the diplomatic efforts of the Ottoman statesman
1555:
1080:
864:(PMU) to enter the town. The control of the town was handed over to the PMU-backed Yazidi group called "Lalesh Brigades" after Peshmerga's withdrawal.
1919:
655:
1675:
1839:
1718:
954:
806:
1929:
872:
810:
786:
627:(d. 1369) mentioned that the inhabitants of the city were Kurds, whom he describes as "brave and generous". He also remarked that Sinjar's
753:
On 13 August 2009, a suicide bombing killed 21 people and wounded 32 in a cafe in the Kalaa neighborhood of Sinjar. On 14 August 2010, a
157:
1484:
964:
1736:
1636:
1410:
1383:
833:. The genocide was enabled partly as a result of the Peshmerga flight from the ISIL offensive, which left the Yazidis defenseless.
423:
1700:
1655:
754:
121:
1595:
825:, killing 2,000 Yazidi men and taking Yazidi women into slavery, leading to a mass exodus of Yazidi residents. According to a
1793:
845:
837:
705:. During the 19th century, the Yazidis of the Sinjar Mountains often posed a threat to travelers in the region. The governor
745:
In 1974–1975, five neighborhoods in the city of Sinjar were
Arabized during a campaign by the Iraqi government of President
448:
1581:
1400:
1373:
1528:
886:), in Sinjar to withdraw, which was rejected by the Yazidi administration. This has led to international calls for the
477:
conquered the area in 1169 and 1171; in the latter year, a cadet branch of the
Zengids was established in Sinjar under
410:. According to the early Islamic literary sources, Singara had long been a bone of contention between the Sasanian and
1888:
830:
1320:
875:, Turkey threatened Yazidi families who attempted to return to their homes in the town. Turkey rejected the claims.
1825:
979:
974:
861:
88:
1812:
782:
596:
1610:
686:. Writing in the 17th century, Evliya Çelebi noted that the population of the city of Sinjar was composed of
1804:
638:
successors of the Ilkhanids captured Sinjar after a seven-month siege according to oral traditions cited by
469:
in 1106/07, Sinjar entered its most prosperous historical period lasting through the mid-13th century. The
778:
774:
706:
489:
474:
325:
288:
1259:"On Vulnerable Ground: Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province's Disputed Territories"
628:
821:
they captured the city of Sinjar on 3 August. During the following days, IS militants perpetrated the
1559:
565:
542:
493:
478:
428:
386:
1431:
829:
report, 5,000 Yazidi civilians were killed during ISIL's August offensive. It is also known as the
814:
612:
340:
210:
1258:
623:
with their mosaic-laced floors and walls and octagonal stone pools. During his visit of the city,
1868:
1816:
1295:
1347:
1040:
Thomas A. Carlson et al., "Sinjar – ܫܝܓܪ ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified 30 June 2014,
455:, a branch of the Banu Taghlib tribe. Toward the end of the century, another Arab dynasty, the
1898:
1835:
1820:
1789:
1785:
1406:
1379:
1199:
984:
671:
523:
373:
1858:
1777:
1191:
1009:
758:
730:
639:
452:
411:
399:
348:
299:
1754:
1179:
1893:
989:
959:
879:
822:
769:
762:
702:
651:
573:
554:
456:
395:
336:
316:
279:
220:
36:
28:
444:
1027:
1808:
826:
746:
663:
659:
635:
607:(d. 1348) list several Islamic scholars who hailed from Sinjar, including the polymath
470:
440:
906:
1913:
1778:
942:
608:
1755:"Iraq's Yazidis warn of ongoing threats from extremists | DW | 26.03.2021"
1218:
797:
938:
849:
710:
647:
620:
403:
391:
32:
557:, contains an inscription crediting Qutb ad-Din as the minaret's builder in 1201.
1427:"Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms"
891:
624:
551:
537:
431:, the Zengid ruler of Sinjar in 1197–1219, with representation of Roman Emperor
1863:
1851:"Effectively Urbanized: Yezidis in the Collective Towns of Sheikhan and Sinjar"
1850:
1301:. United Nations Human Settlements Programme in Iraq. November 2015. p. 34
642:(d. 1682). The city was later conquered successively by the Turkmen tribes of
439:
Sinjar was conquered in the 630s–640s by the Arab Muslims led by the commander
27:
This article is about the Iraqi town. 'Sinjar' may also refer to its eponymous
887:
675:
643:
604:
581:
512:
459:
captured the city and erected a citadel there. Beginning with the rule of the
1902:
1203:
568:, Zengid Atabeg of Sinjar (1197–1219). Sinjar mint. Dated AH 607 (AD 1210-1).
172:
159:
1402:
The Last Girl: My Story of Captivity, and My Fight Against the Islamic State
1375:
The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East
818:
691:
600:
466:
432:
261:
1529:"Mass Yazidi grave discovered after Iraq's Sinjar taken from Islamic State"
1195:
801:
Sinjar after the reconquest of the so-called "Islamic State", December 2015
741:
Cathedral rising above ruined buildings in the old neighborhood of Sinjar.
1028:"SINCAR IN THE LAST PERIOD OF OTTOMANS (SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL SITUATION)"
616:
460:
407:
1872:
1701:"Turkey rejects US body's accusations on anti-terror ops - Turkey News"
1533:
577:
547:
519:
515:
504:
381:
351:. Its population in 2013 was estimated at 88,023, and is predominantly
17:
1509:
678:). It was later reduced to being the administrative center of its own
368:
695:
683:
679:
667:
528:
508:
463:
352:
266:
1688:
Yazidis caught in 'political football' between Baghdad, Iraqi Kurds
1055:"Iraq: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population"
1849:
Savelzberg, Eva; Hajo, Siamend; Dulz, Irene (July–December 2010).
796:
736:
720:
687:
592:
559:
422:
367:
1676:
Iraqi-backed Yazidi group takes over Sinjar after Kurdish pullout
883:
533:
344:
200:
1041:
713:
enabled the authorities to tax and impose customs in the area.
1637:"Iraq: After losing Kirkuk, Kurdish forces pull out of Sinjar"
1455:"Iraq's Kurds press offensive against Islamic State in Sinjar"
901:
729:
temple (meaning '40 Men') is found on the highest peak of the
1737:"Shengal people demonstrate against the elimination campaign"
1556:"Mass grave of 'Yazidi women executed by ISIS' found in Iraq"
1719:"Once ravaged by IS, Iraq's Sinjar caught in new tug-of-war"
619:", noting in particular the similarities of Sinjar's ornate
380:
In the 2nd century AD, Sinjar became a military base called
1656:"Iraqi forces drive Kurdish fighters out of town of Sinjar"
869:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
694:
tribe, while the Sinjar Mountains were inhabited by 45,000
488:), whose court was noted for its high culture. The scholar
1106:
1104:
1102:
1582:"Yazidis burn Muslim homes in Iraq's Sinjar: witnesses"
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
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1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
918:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1510:"Battle for Sinjar: IS-held town in Iraq 'liberated'"
1485:"Iraqi Kurds Advance Against Islamic State in Sinjar"
836:
On the night of 20 December 2014, in the course of a
761:
in the towns of Qahtaniya and al-Jazira, both in the
376:(Upper Mesopotamia) province in the early Islamic era
310:
701:
After 1830, the nahiya of Sinjar became part of the
330:
293:
1220:
Ibn Battuta Travels In Asia And Africa 1325 To 1354
844:On 13 November 2015, a day after launching a major
584:
district of the Jazira, al-Ashraf Muzaffar al-Din (
503:). Also noted by Ibn Shaddad were two mosques, six
347:. It is located about five kilometers south of the
260:
252:
247:
239:
231:
226:
216:
206:
188:
49:
1887:Mironova, Vera; Hussein, Mohammed (June 5, 2017).
1321:"Giving Thanks in Front of a Broken Altar in Iraq"
1282:
1245:
1233:
1081:"Iraq's Yazidis still haunted by Sinjar massacres"
878:In 2021 the Iraqi government called for the local
970:American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present)
666:in 1534. The city became the center of its own
451:province. In 970, the city was conquered by the
1223:. Public Resource. George Routledge & Sons.
580:and was controlled by the Ayyubid ruler of the
550:from this era, remarked on by the 19th-century
1609:Emo, Salim; Seyid, Mehabad (August 22, 2017).
398:in 360. Starting in the late 5th century, the
8:
1784:. University of California Press. pp.
1264:. Human Rights Watch. 2009. pp. 30, 43
765:, killed 326 Yazidis and injured 530 more.
591:). It later was controlled by the ruler of
1826:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1611:"Êzidî women: Autonomy will bring freedom"
817:. Following the withdrawal of the Kurdish
46:
1862:
1834:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 643–644.
1110:
615:(d. 1283) referred to Sinjar as "little
1925:Populated places in Nineveh Governorate
1596:"Yazidis Get Revenge on ISIS in Sinjar"
1372:Phillips, David L. (29 November 2018).
1001:
259:
246:
238:
225:
187:
152:
80:
68:
1180:"La Passion arabe de S. 'Abd al-Masih"
1165:
955:Disputed territories of Northern Iraq
785:, all of which were destroyed by the
631:was encircled by a perennial stream.
443:and thereafter incorporated into the
251:
230:
215:
205:
7:
873:Operations Claw-Eagle and Claw-Tiger
811:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
787:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
320:
1780:The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition
1635:Szlanko, Balint (17 October 2017).
1598:. The Daily Beast. 3 December 2015.
303:
283:
965:Military intervention against ISIL
25:
1527:Isabel Coles (14 November 2015).
1057:. World Gazetteer. Archived from
546:(Sufi lodge). A surviving mosque
507:(schools of Islamic law) for the
1399:Murad, Nadia (7 November 2017).
1283:Savelzberg, Hajo & Dulz 2010
1246:Savelzberg, Hajo & Dulz 2010
1234:Savelzberg, Hajo & Dulz 2010
1178:Peeters, Paul (1 January 1926).
905:
813:(ISIL) took over large areas of
193:
127:
120:
94:
87:
70:
1920:Yazidi populated places in Iraq
1584:. Yahoo News. 15 November 2015.
1010:"PKK Forms New Party in Sinjar"
871:accused Turkey that during the
656:Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)
654:of Iran in 1507/08. During the
586:
498:
483:
894:and withdraw from the region.
807:second Northern Iraq offensive
793:Northern Iraq Offensive (2014)
566:Qutb al-Din Muhammad bin Zengi
128:
95:
1:
658:, Sinjar was captured by the
1042:http://syriaca.org/place/184
331:
1930:Turkmen communities in Iraq
1776:Alexander, Paul J. (1985).
831:genocide of Yazidis by ISIL
394:until it was sacked by the
311:
294:
1946:
1889:"The Struggle Over Sinjar"
1864:10.4000/etudesrurales.9253
980:List of Yazidi settlements
975:List of Yazidi holy places
862:Popular Mobilisation Units
650:before being taken by the
611:(d. 1348). The geographer
540:(d. 1262) further notes a
390:. It remained part of the
243:522 m (1,713 ft)
26:
1378:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
783:Armenian Apostolic Church
576:rule during the reign of
153:
81:
69:
62:
880:Yazidi protection forces
755:series of truck bombings
516:schools of jurisprudence
1489:The Wall Street Journal
856:Declaration of autonomy
805:In the course of their
402:became an abode of the
400:mountains around Sinjar
1196:10.1484/J.ABOL.4.02188
802:
779:Syriac Catholic Church
775:Syriac Orthodox Church
742:
734:
707:Dawud Pasha of Baghdad
569:
522:(shrine) dedicated to
436:
384:and part of the Roman
377:
1803:Haase, C. P. (1997).
1348:"The Fight for Mosul"
800:
740:
724:
682:(subdistrict) of the
629:congregational mosque
563:
426:
371:
173:36.32250°N 41.86417°E
144:Show map of Near East
44:Town in Nineveh, Iraq
1217:H.A.R. Gibb (1929).
1184:Analecta Bollandiana
809:in August 2014, the
572:The city came under
494:Qutb ad-Din Muhammad
108:Location within Iraq
1705:Hürriyet Daily News
1516:. 13 November 2015.
1432:The Daily Telegraph
1405:. Crown/Archetype.
1285:, pp. 107–108.
1236:, pp. 103–104.
690:and Arabs from the
613:Zakariya al-Qazwini
435:, Sinjar mint 1199.
341:Nineveh Governorate
335:) is a town in the
169: /
1562:. 14 November 2015
1327:. 23 November 2016
917:. You can help by
867:In June 2020, the
803:
743:
735:
698:and Baburi Kurds.
670:(district) within
597:Badr al-Din Lu'lu'
570:
437:
378:
253: • Total
232: • Mayor
178:36.32250; 41.86417
141:Sinjar (Near East)
1841:978-90-04-10422-8
1465:on 4 January 2015
1459:DPA International
1435:. 14 October 2014
985:Assyrians in Iraq
935:
934:
672:Diyarbekir Eyalet
662:(Istanbul)-based
524:Ali ibn Abi Talib
329:
309:
292:
273:
272:
16:(Redirected from
1937:
1906:
1876:
1866:
1857:(186): 101–116.
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1817:Heinrichs, W. P.
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1461:. Archived from
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1346:Mogelson, Luke.
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941:, Sultan of the
930:
927:
909:
902:
882:(who had fought
846:second offensive
815:Nineveh province
759:al-Qaeda in Iraq
731:Sinjar Mountains
601:Ilkhanid Mongols
590:
589: 1210–1220
588:
536:gatherings) and
502:
501: 1197–1219
500:
487:
486: 1171–1197
485:
453:Hamdanid dynasty
447:district of the
349:Sinjar Mountains
334:
324:
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314:
308:romanized:
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235:Fahad Hamid Omar
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111:Show map of Iraq
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1894:Foreign Affairs
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1883:
1881:Further reading
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1842:
1809:Bosworth, C. E.
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1678:Middle East Eye
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1654:Martin Chulov.
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1325:Preemptive Love
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1062:
1061:on 27 June 2013
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1052:
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1035:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1016:. 25 June 2016.
1008:
1007:
1003:
998:
990:Yazidis in Iraq
960:Yazidi genocide
951:
931:
925:
922:
915:needs expansion
900:
858:
838:first offensive
823:Sinjar massacre
795:
763:Sinjar District
719:
652:Safavid dynasty
585:
555:Max van Berchem
532:(buildings for
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482:
421:
366:
361:
337:Sinjar District
221:Sinjar District
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1933:
1932:
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1911:
1908:
1907:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1855:Études rurales
1846:
1840:
1813:van Donzel, E.
1800:
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1352:The New Yorker
1338:
1312:
1287:
1275:
1250:
1248:, p. 111.
1238:
1226:
1209:
1170:
1168:, p. 643.
1115:
1111:Alexander 1985
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1087:. 28 June 2019
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827:United Nations
794:
791:
747:Saddam Hussein
725:The important
718:
715:
664:Ottoman Empire
660:Constantinople
441:Iyad ibn Ghanm
420:
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365:
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76:Sinjar in 2019
75:
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943:Seljuk Empire
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926:December 2019
920:
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913:This section
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684:Mardin Sanjak
681:
677:
674:(province of
673:
669:
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653:
649:
645:
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640:Evliya Çelebi
637:
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610:
609:Ibn al-Akfani
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372:A map of the
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182:
154:Coordinates:
123:
90:
73:
61:
48:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1892:
1854:
1831:
1824:
1779:
1770:Bibliography
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1649:
1640:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:
1604:
1590:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1532:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:the original
1458:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1430:
1421:
1401:
1394:
1374:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1324:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1290:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1253:
1241:
1229:
1219:
1212:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1089:. Retrieved
1084:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:the original
1049:
1036:
1022:
1013:
1004:
939:Ahmad Sanjar
923:
919:adding to it
914:
877:
866:
859:
843:
835:
804:
767:
752:
744:
726:
711:Midhat Pasha
703:Mosul Sanjak
700:
648:Kara Koyunlu
633:
571:
541:
527:
445:Diyar Rabi'a
438:
404:Banu Taghlib
392:Roman Empire
385:
379:
343:in northern
275:
274:
41:
37:nearby plain
1821:Lecomte, G.
1723:www.msn.com
1661:18 November
1566:14 November
1540:14 November
1494:21 December
1469:21 December
1305:19 December
1268:19 December
1190:: 270–341.
1014:basnews.com
892:de-escalate
625:Ibn Battuta
552:epigraphist
538:Ibn al-Adim
490:Ibn Shaddad
429:Qutb al-Din
419:Islamic era
207:Governorate
176: /
1914:Categories
1830:Volume IX:
1795:0520049985
1620:August 22,
1439:27 October
1166:Haase 1997
1091:10 October
996:References
888:Iraqi army
717:Modern era
676:Diyarbakir
644:Ak Koyunlu
621:bathhouses
605:al-Dhahabi
582:Diyar Bakr
526:and three
475:Nur ad-Din
248:Population
227:Government
164:41°51′51″E
161:36°19′21″N
1903:0015-7120
1805:"Sindjar"
1204:0003-2468
819:Peshmerga
770:Assyrians
692:Banu Tayy
467:Jikirmish
433:Caracalla
412:Byzantine
396:Sasanians
364:Antiquity
326:romanized
289:romanized
262:Time zone
240:Elevation
33:mountains
1873:41403604
1823:(eds.).
1741:ANF News
1615:ANF News
1514:BBC News
1085:France24
949:See also
727:Chermera
617:Damascus
564:Coin of
505:madrasas
479:Zengi II
457:Uqaylids
427:Coin of
408:idolatry
217:District
29:district
1832:San–Sze
1690:Reuters
1641:CTVNews
1534:Reuters
1065:20 June
636:Timurid
578:Saladin
574:Ayyubid
548:minaret
529:khanqas
520:mashhad
513:Shafi'i
461:Turkmen
382:Singara
359:History
339:of the
332:Shingar
328::
300:Kurdish
291::
211:Nineveh
189:Country
18:Shingal
1901:
1871:
1838:
1819:&
1792:
1759:DW.COM
1409:
1382:
1357:9 June
1331:9 June
1202:
781:, and
696:Yazidi
680:nahiya
668:sanjak
599:. The
543:zawiya
509:Hanafi
473:ruler
471:Zengid
464:atabeg
449:Jazira
374:Jazira
353:Yazidi
317:Syriac
312:Şingal
295:Sinjār
280:Arabic
276:Sinjar
256:88,023
198:
135:Sinjar
102:Sinjar
57:Şingal
51:Sinjar
1869:JSTOR
1807:. In
1299:(PDF)
1262:(PDF)
850:Kocho
688:Kurds
593:Mosul
387:limes
304:شنگال
284:سنجار
269:(GMT)
267:UTC+3
54:شنگاڵ
35:, or
1899:ISSN
1836:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1663:2017
1622:2017
1568:2015
1542:2015
1496:2014
1471:2014
1441:2015
1407:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1359:2020
1333:2020
1307:2019
1270:2019
1200:ISSN
1093:2020
1067:2014
884:ISIS
646:and
634:The
534:Sufi
518:, a
511:and
345:Iraq
321:ܫܝܓܪ
201:Iraq
64:Town
1859:doi
1560:AFP
1192:doi
921:.
890:to
757:by
1916::
1897:.
1891:.
1867:.
1853:.
1828:.
1815:;
1811:;
1788:.
1786:27
1757:.
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1198:.
1188:44
1186:.
1182:.
1118:^
1101:^
1083:.
1012:.
789:.
777:,
595:,
587:r.
499:r.
484:r.
355:.
323:,
319::
315:,
306:,
302::
298:;
286:,
282::
31:,
1905:.
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928:)
924:(
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496:(
481:(
278:(
39:.
20:)
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