754:
relative number of observed adults in the
Vietnamese population sharply declined from 2013 to 2015, even as new sites were discovered. This trend is consistent with illegal collection, as the Vietnamese subspecies was introduced into the pet trade around the same time. In some cases, the number of traded animals approaches or exceeds the wild population estimate, suggesting the presence of undiscovered subpopulations known only to collectors. The sedentary lifestyle of the lizards eases collection, and poaching by local citizens is further incentivized by lucrative selling prices offered by dealers. The striking appearance of
622:) in 2016, in light of several ecological, genetic, and morphological distinctions relative to the Chinese subpopulations. The Vietnamese subspecies preferred granitic mountains with warmer winters and overall milder temperatures. They tended to perch on higher branches above streams which were wider, more active, and not completely covered by vegetation. The diet was primarily terrestrial invertebrates, rather than aquatic vertebrates. In general, the head was slightly longer and more pointed, with smaller eyes and a shallower cheek region.
130:
351:
wild, population. With
Chinese crocodile lizards of different ages, there are minimal differences between the adult and juvenile lizards' gut microbial composition; the young will typically seek out the smallest invertebrates they can find, from larvae and young of beetles to spiders, small flies and ants. For mature animals, the crocodile lizards consume prey opportunistically, from earthworms, centipedes, millipedes, and beetles to the larvae from
53:
393:, perched on branches near streams until prey items are sighted. Invertebrates include both terrestrial groups (worms, spiders, katydids, etc.) and aquatic shrimp. Vertebrate prey includes tadpoles, small fish, and occasionally frogs and lizards. The Vietnamese subspecies prefers terrestrial invertebrates, such as cockroaches, crickets, and particularly earthworms. Vertebrates are not known to be part of their diet.
88:
338:(16–18 in) long. Perhaps the lizards' most distinctive features are the rows of bony scales down its back and muscular tail, imitating those of a crocodile. Additionally, Chinese crocodile lizards are sexually dimorphic and can be distinguished visually. Adult males are larger and more colorful than females, with their color intensifying during the breeding season.
779:
Although the species has been listed as a protected species in China since 1989, hunting and trading laws are generally unenforced, especially outside of protected areas. Chinese crocodile lizards are well-represented in zoos throughout Europe and North
America, though large populations of captive individuals are only found in the
686:
A 2008 study, based on a 2004 survey, estimated that 950 crocodile lizards were left in China, split into eight isolated subpopulations. The largest subpopulation, with around 350 individuals, represents 36% of the entire population in China. A 1978 survey estimated the presence of 6,000 individuals,
350:
is associated with the lizard's metabolism and health. For the
Chinese crocodile lizard (as an endangered species), the gut microbiota is an area of concerned study and interest; greater understanding of their diet and dietary functions help contribute to a more stable international, and (ultimately)
778:
benefit from habitat preservation measures. Closely monitored breeding programs have been set up in
Daguishan and Luokeng nature reserves, in the hopes of eventual reintroduction to other protected areas. The breeding program at Daguishan appears to have the only stable subpopulation in the country.
461:
is when the adult male approaches to bite the female adult on the neck. He then will move his body position to be on top of the female's and secure his tail below the female. This position is observed to be securing the position of the adult female to male contact with the cloaca. After ejaculation,
419:
spp., the
Chinese crocodile lizards would also swing their tails and lunge at their competitors. The dominant lizard will lunge and whip its tail, without force, at the subordinate lizard. The result of this is often little to no physical harm done to the subordinate. However, the subordinate lizard
753:
in 1990. In 1990, export listings abruptly shifted to the claim that sold individuals were captive bred. However, most exported specimens were likely illegally harvested, as the number of exports has sharply increased with demand despite a lack of evidence for breeding facilities among sellers. The
695:
province. The smallest surviving subpopulations are likely unsustainable due to a lack of genetic diversity. A 2013 survey estimated that around 60 adults were left in
Vietnam. Despite the discovery of an additional subpopulation near the border with China, the estimated adult population in Vietnam
720:
is a major threat, with
Chinese populations particularly impacted by logging. Removal of broadleaf evergreen foliage makes streams more volatile, leading to flooding and drying cycles which are unsuitable for the lizards. Other sources of habitat loss include mining pollution, small-scale farming,
794:
have attempted to spread awareness on the subspecies and its conservation, for the sake of both local citizens and
Vietnamese government officials. The species currently receives no special treatment under Vietnamese law, though hunting animals within protected areas without a permit is illegal.
448:
lizards, giving birth to 2-12 fully developed offspring every spring. The gestation period for lasts for up to 9 months. This means that the mother does not have to take care of their offspring and that the offspring can survive independently. Female crocodile lizards are able to breed annually.
337:
Chinese crocodile lizards are characterized by their green, colored with reddish necks. They often have alternating bands of light and dark patterns. Male
Chinese crocodile lizards are more common than females, especially during the breeding season. On average, these lizards are 40–46 cm
1781:
Schingen, Mona van; Ha, Quynh Quy; Pham, Cuong The; Le, Tuan Quang; Nguyen, Truong Quang; Bonkowski, Michael; Ziegler, Thomas (January 2020). "Discovery of a new crocodile lizard population in Vietnam: Population trends, future prognoses and identification of key habitats for conservation".
1178:
Ziegler, T.; Van Schingen, M.; Rauhaus, A.; Dang, P. H.; Pham, D. T. K.; Pham, C. T.; Nguyen, T. Q. (July 2019). "New insights into the habitat use and husbandry of crocodile lizards (Reptilia: Shinisauridae) including the conception of new facilities for Vietnamese crocodile lizards
299:. The Chinese crocodile lizard spends much of its time in shallow water or in overhanging branches and vegetation, where it hunts its prey of insects, snails, tadpoles, and worms. Individuals in captivity may be fed baby mice. A rare and little-studied lizard, it is listed in
1344:
Huang, Chengming; Wu, Zhengjun; Luo, Shuyi; He, Jiasong; Yang, Chunsheng; Meng, Meng; Yao, Lu; Zeng, Zhigao (2019). "Mating Ethogram of a Video-aided Study of Mating and Parturition in Captive Chinese Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)".
629:
is split into four clades, three of which originated in China and one of which corresponds to the Vietnamese subspecies. However, wild individuals and local breeding programs in China appear show low genetic diversity between subpopulations.
1143:
van Schingen, Mona; Duc Le, Minh; Thi Ngo, Hanh; The Pham, Cuong; Quy Ha, Quynh; Quang Nguyen, Truong; Ziegler, Thomas (2016). "Is there more than one Crocodile Lizard? An Integrative Taxonomic Approach Reveals Vietnamese and Chinese
687:
while a 1990 survey estimated around 2,500 individuals in the entirety of China. This points to severe population decline, on the order of 70-90% per subpopulation, in the 1978-2004 period. Five subpopulations appear to have been
748:
The species was introduced into the international pet trade in the 1980s, with exports increasing to several hundred per year by the late 1980s. Population decline linked to increasing exports led to the species being listed on
371:
These two gut microbes are important across vertebrates and, for crocodile lizards, it benefits and aids in the species' metabolism, environmental information processing, genetic information processing and cellular processing.
1906:
Ziegler, T. (January 2015). "In situ and ex situ reptile projects of the Cologne Zoo: implications for research and conservation of South East Asia's herpetodiversity: Cologne Zoo: Reptile Research and Conservation".
811:, likely a result of being fed with protein-loaded feeding insects. This forensic technique may help to differentiate true captive bred individuals from wild caught lizards which are merely labelled as captive bred.
716:. Subpopulations are fragmented and restricted by specific habitat requirements, which make repopulation difficult. The majority of individuals, including the largest subpopulation, occur outside of protected areas.
506:
climate at moderately high elevations, 200-1,500 meters (656-4,921 feet) above sea level. Their preference to occupy less dense habitat is in-line with their antipredator trajectory towards flight rather than fight.
404:
have been observed to be territorial and in a given pond or stream, one sole lizard will occupy the entire space. They will widen their mouths to establish dominance, which is known as gaping. The frequency of which
1670:
Gauthier, Jacques A.; Kearney, Maureen; Maisano, Jessica Anderson; Rieppel, Olivier; Behlke, Adam D.B. (April 2012). "Assembling the Squamate Tree of Life: Perspectives from the Phenotype and the Fossil Record".
741:. In Vietnam, the local subspecies is impacted by similar threats, as well as road construction and coal mining. Local tourism has also led to habitat loss and stream pollution. Habitat loss will be amplified by
456:
often begins with the adult male appearance changing to a more vibrant coloration. Adult male lizards will display courtship behaviors like head-nodding and approaching the females. Successful copulation for the
762:
in Europe and North America, though most captive individuals are slow to mature and did not live long before knowledge on their care was widely known. In 2017, the species was transferred to
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790:
The Vietnamese subspecies is entirely located within protected areas, but mining and tourism are poorly regulated. Brochures, posters, and petitions developed with the help of the
2085:
502:
forests. They have a habitual preference for remote streams in undisturbed areas such as mountain ridges and dense forests. The species lives in a relatively cool,
673:. The fossil record of Shinisauria extends back to the Early Cretaceous, over 120 million years ago, with fossils being known from Asia, Europe and North America.
2124:
984:
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775:
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1227:
van Schingen-Khan, Mona; Pham, Cuong; Thi, Hang; Bernardes, Marta; Hecht, Vera; Nguyen, Truong; Bonkowski, Michael; Ziegler, Thomas (2014-09-01).
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1085:
Tang, Guo-Shuai; Liang, Xi-Xi; Yang, Meng-Yuan; Wang, Ting-Ting; Chen, Jin-Ping; Du, Wei-Guo; Li, Huan; Sun, Bao-Jun (23 April 2020).
1934:
van Schingen, Mona; Ziegler, Thomas; Boner, Markus; Streit, Bruno; Nguyen, Truong Quang; Crook, Vicki; Ziegler, Stefan (April 2016).
1039:
1398:
Shu-szi Sin led an expedition to southern China. His name was as "Shin" by the other expedition participants, who were all German.
1590:
Hanh T. Ngo, Tham T. Nguyen , Minh D. Le, Mona van Schingen-Khan, Truong Q. Nguyen, Anna Rauhaus , Miguel Vences, Thomas Ziegler.
2247:
92:
1887:
1825:
1432:
2103:
1741:
Smith, Krister T. (4 May 2017). "First crocodile-tailed lizard (Squamata: Pan-Shinisaurus ) from the Paleogene of Europe".
1936:"Can isotope markers differentiate between wild and captive reptile populations? A case study based on crocodile lizards (
542:
409:
gape is thought to establish a dominant-subordinate social structure to their conspecifics. Similar to other lizards like
2242:
1322:
Husbandry and Breeding of the Crocodile Lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) at Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, Washington, USA
734:
2011:
911:
745:: one model argues that forest habitats with a climate suitable for the Chinese subspecies will be eliminated by 2080.
796:
129:
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Courtship often begins at the end of winter and breeding often occurs in the summer season, mainly July and August.
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2038:
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Variation within the Chinese subspecies is poorly-understood. Genetic studies of captive individuals indicate that
2129:
1621:"Genetic Diversity and Population Demography of the Chinese Crocodile Lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) in China"
791:
2232:
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884:
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is push-up behavior. The lizard would straighten its forelimbs and level the head. Unlike other lizards, the
566:
1973:
390:
527:
2163:
1865:
1562:
1362:
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and dam construction leading to water flow changes. Environmentally destructive fishing styles, such as
248:
1706:
Conrad, Jack L. (3 June 2008). "Phylogeny And Systematics Of Squamata (Reptilia) Based On Morphology".
859:
2020:
479:
470:
Surviving subpopulations of Chinese crocodile lizards primarily occupy isolated fragments of land in
411:
1889:
Studbook Breeding Programme Shinisaurus crocodilurus (Chinese crocodile lizard) – Annual report 2014
420:
will retreat from the dominant's territory. Another interesting dominance-establishing behavior for
1457:
1010:
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decreased to 41 by 2015. The rate of decline in Vietnam is nearly equivalent to 26 years in China.
559:), a member of a joint Chinese-German expedition that discovered this species (as well as the frog
77:
428:
would only perform this push-up motion with its anterior portion. While they were doing push-ups,
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1723:
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1200:
709:
531:
124:
2168:
2090:
1509:"First record of the Chinese crocodile lizard from outside of China: report on a population of
303:
Appendix II, which regulates international trade of specimens. This is the only species in the
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utilize tree holes, rocks, vegetated perches as shelter and are rarely found exposed on the
321:
61:
576:
2137:
915:
304:
1453:"Vietnamese Crocodile Lizard Discovered In 2003 Finally Confirmed As Separate Subspecies"
836:
1534:
Ziegler, Thomas; Le, Khac Quyet; Vu, Ngoc Thanh; Hendrix, Ralf; Böhme, Wolfgang (2008).
1647:
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2221:
2111:
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1619:
Huang, Huayuan; Wang, Hui; Li, Linmiao; Wu, Zhengjun; Chen, Jinping (11 March 2014).
1591:
1535:
1320:
1293:
1228:
1204:
1087:"Captivity Influences Gut Microbiota in Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)"
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713:
97:
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1762:
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1817:
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717:
658:
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571:
512:
1754:
1561:
van Schingen, Mona; Bernardes, Marta; Bonkowski, Michael; Ziegler, Thomas (2015).
1637:
1410:
1366:
2194:
2072:
2005:
1956:
1935:
808:
784:
766:, according to its ongoing threat of extinction enhanced by poaching and trade.
670:
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313:
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31:
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was first described from Vietnam in 2003. They were named as a new subspecies (
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495:
445:
356:
347:
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1996:
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and poisoning, contribute to stream degradation. Another prominent threat is
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the adult male will release the neck bite and physically release the female.
1845:
Last chance to see? Review on the threats to and use of the Crocodile Lizard
1567:, AHL, 1930 in Vietnam: Microhabitat Characterization and Habitat Selection"
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804:
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provinces of southeastern China. The Vietnamese subspecies is only found on
475:
360:
359:, especially during breeding seasons. Within the gut microbiota population,
209:
141:
35:
1656:
1122:
17:
2142:
1795:
1990:
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Population and conservation strategies for the Chinese crocodile lizard (
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181:
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69:
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have shown that the scales of captive bred individuals are enriched in
503:
471:
296:
171:
1920:
1196:
2077:
2033:
1843:
van Schingen M., Schepp U., Pham C.T., Nguyen T.Q., Ziegler T. 2015.
550:
288:
151:
1967:
1480:"Crocodile lizard is one of 115 new species found in Greater Mekong"
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355:. Female crocodile lizards have a preference for larval beetles and
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s are fully mature and able to reproduce by the age of 3. They are
2189:
1719:
1325:. Daguishan International Symposium on Protection and Breeding of
692:
317:
300:
292:
114:
108:
1563:"First Ecological Assessment of the Endangered Crocodile Lizard,
1233:
Ahl, 1930 in Vietnam with implications for conservation measures"
389:
is known to feed on both vertebrates and invertebrates. They are
1971:
1254:
Tokarz, Richard R. (1995). "Mate Choice in Lizards: A Review".
795:
Breeding programs for the Vietnamese subspecies are run at the
645:, but most recent studies of the evolutionary relationships of
1866:"The biology of the Chinese crocodile lizard in captivity"
665:. It is now placed as the only living member of the clade
1380:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
1148:
Represent Separate Conservation and Taxonomic Units".
432:
would sometimes bob their head in a circular motion.
1980:
1895:. Vol. 41136106. European Studbook Foundation.
1421:(literally, "Shin's lizard with crocodile's tail").
320:of lizards whose fossil record extends back to the
1708:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
1415:. American Federation of Herpetoculturists. 1989.
860:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T57287221A217811129.en
1873:NCHS Captive Propagation and Husbandry Conference
1673:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
835:Nguyen, T.Q.; Hamilton, P.; Ziegler, T. (2022) .
610:— Vietnamese crocodile lizard (northeast Vietnam)
1592:Genetic screening of captive crocodile lizards (
1302:Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society
8:
1536:"A comparative study of crocodile lizards (
1319:Uyeda, Linda; Yoshimi, Diane (2011-11-05).
291:found only in cool forests in southeastern
1968:
86:
51:
42:
1955:
1646:
1636:
1112:
1102:
978:Ahl, 1930 from Appendix II to Appendix I"
858:
1507:Le, Khac Quyet; Ziegler, Thomas (2003).
1229:"Current status of the Crocodile Lizard
1417:In 1930, he christened the new species
879:
877:
820:
1292:Ray, J.; Walley, Harlan (2003-01-01).
1030:Wilson, Don W.; Burnie, David (2001).
830:
828:
826:
824:
691:, including the only sites known from
641:was once also regarded as a member of
1839:
1837:
1835:
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1614:
1612:
1513:Ahl, 1930 from North-Eastern Vietnam"
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1222:
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1218:
1216:
1214:
1181:Shinisaurus crocodilurus vietnamensis
1173:
1171:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
605:Shinisaurus crocodilurus vietnamensis
596:Shinisaurus crocodilurus crocodilurus
367:are the main microbiota found in the
7:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1018:Animal Biodiversity and Conservation
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
494:live alongside clear streams within
846:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
490:provinces of northeastern Vietnam.
1864:Sprackland, Robert George (1991).
1743:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1540:Ahl, 1930) from Vietnam and China"
918:The Sacramento Zoological Society.
312:. It is the only living member of
25:
1451:Virata, John (19 December 2017).
1383:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
2228:IUCN Red List endangered species
1828:from the original on 2021-11-26.
990:from the original on 2020-02-16.
797:Me Linh Station for Biodiversity
774:In China, subpopulations within
128:
1944:Global Ecology and Conservation
1544:The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
1162:10.1016/j.zoolgart.2016.06.001
653:to be more closely related to
555:
546:
324:, over 120 million years ago.
1:
1755:10.1080/02724634.2017.1313743
1439:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1347:Asian Herpetological Research
1009:Huang, C. M., et al. (2008).
1638:10.1371/journal.pone.0091570
1441:. Accessed 17 February 2018.
735:traditional Chinese medicine
620:S. crocodilurus vietnamensis
1957:10.1016/j.gecco.2016.03.004
1034:. London: DK. p. 422.
758:has fueled the interest of
2274:
2253:Reptiles described in 1930
1909:International Zoo Yearbook
1386:. JHU Press. p. 242.
1359:10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.180079
1185:International Zoo Yearbook
1065:Smithsonian's National Zoo
1061:"Chinese crocodile lizard"
974:"CoP17 Prop. 33: Transfer
929:"Chinese crocodile lizard"
905:Chinese Crocodile Lizard (
885:"Chinese Crocodile Lizard"
569:– like the separate genus
29:
2258:Endangered Fauna of China
1886:Zollweg, Michael (2014).
1256:Herpetological Monographs
1183:in Vietnam and Germany".
1091:Frontiers in Microbiology
853:: e.T57287221A217811129.
369:Shinisaurus crocodilurus.
254:
247:
125:Scientific classification
123:
106:
84:
75:
59:
50:
46:Chinese crocodile lizard
45:
2039:shinisaurus-crocodilurus
2012:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1982:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1938:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1820:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1784:Revue suisse de Zoologie
1594:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1565:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1538:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1511:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1434:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1419:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1296:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1237:Revue Suisse de Zoologie
1231:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1146:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
1104:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00550
1013:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
976:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
907:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
839:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
756:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
706:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
627:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
616:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
530:") honors the biologist
509:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
492:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
466:Distribution and habitat
459:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
454:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
430:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
426:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
422:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
407:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
402:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
391:"sit-and-wait" predators
387:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
278:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
273:Chinese crocodile lizard
258:Shinisaurus crocodilurus
30:Not to be confused with
2248:Taxa named by Ernst Ahl
1818:"Prop. 41:Inclusion of
1574:Herpetol. Conserv. Biol
1294:"A Behavioral Study on
452:Pre-copulation for the
442:Shinisaurus crocodiluru
346:The composition of gut
1150:Der Zoologische Garten
737:as a claimed cure for
2164:Paleobiology Database
1796:10.5281/zenodo.155297
770:Conservation measures
608:Schingen et al., 2016
1685:10.3374/014.053.0101
412:Dipsosaurus dorsalis
397:Territorial behavior
240:S. crocodilurus
2243:Reptiles of Vietnam
983:. 5 February 2016.
682:Population dynamics
614:A subpopulation of
575:– means "crocodile-
526:(literally "Shin's
78:Conservation status
1488:. 19 December 2017
935:. 12 December 2021
914:2016-06-24 at the
895:CITES Web Gallery.
2238:Reptiles of China
2215:
2214:
2151:Open Tree of Life
1974:Taxon identifiers
1921:10.1111/izy.12084
1458:Reptiles Magazine
1393:978-1-4214-0135-5
1197:10.1111/izy.12215
799:and Cologne Zoo.
760:reptile hobbyists
751:CITES Appendix II
609:
601:(southeast China)
600:
295:and northeastern
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27:Species of lizard
16:(Redirected from
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1849:TRAFFIC Bulletin
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970:
945:
944:
942:
940:
925:
919:
902:
896:
894:
892:
891:
881:
872:
871:
869:
867:
862:
832:
801:Isotope analyses
781:Philadelphia Zoo
764:CITES Appendix I
607:
598:
591:are recognized:
557:
548:
540:
322:Early Cretaceous
260:
227:
208:
133:
132:
112:
95:
90:
89:
62:Newport Aquarium
55:
43:
21:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2233:Lizards of Asia
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2149:
2141:
2138:Observation.org
2136:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1940:) from Vietnam"
1933:
1932:
1928:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1842:
1833:
1822:in Appendix II"
1816:
1815:
1811:
1780:
1779:
1770:
1749:(3): e1313743.
1740:
1739:
1735:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1589:
1585:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1431:
1427:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1268:10.2307/1466994
1253:
1252:
1248:
1226:
1225:
1212:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1142:
1141:
1130:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1008:
995:
987:
980:
972:
971:
948:
938:
936:
927:
926:
922:
916:Wayback Machine
903:
899:
889:
887:
883:
882:
875:
865:
863:
834:
833:
822:
817:
776:nature reserves
772:
702:
684:
679:
655:monitor lizards
636:
585:
534:
521:
480:Yên Tử Mountain
468:
438:
399:
383:
378:
344:
335:
330:
305:monotypic genus
265:
262:
256:
243:
226:
207:
127:
119:
102:
91:
87:
80:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2186:
2173:
2160:
2147:
2134:
2121:
2108:
2095:
2082:
2069:
2056:
2043:
2030:
2017:
2002:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1926:
1898:
1878:
1856:
1831:
1809:
1790:(2): 241–251.
1768:
1733:
1698:
1662:
1608:
1583:
1553:
1526:
1499:
1471:
1443:
1425:
1402:
1392:
1372:
1353:(4): 253–260.
1336:
1311:
1281:
1246:
1210:
1191:(1): 250–269.
1167:
1156:(5): 240–260.
1128:
1077:
1047:
1040:
1022:
993:
946:
920:
897:
873:
819:
818:
816:
813:
771:
768:
743:climate change
723:electrofishing
708:was listed as
701:
698:
683:
680:
678:
675:
635:
634:Classification
632:
612:
611:
602:
584:
581:
562:Quasipaa shini
520:
517:
467:
464:
437:
434:
398:
395:
382:
379:
377:
374:
365:Pseudomonadota
343:
340:
334:
331:
329:
326:
267:
266:
263:
252:
251:
245:
244:
237:
235:
231:
230:
219:
215:
214:
202:
198:
197:
192:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
107:
104:
103:
85:
82:
81:
76:
73:
72:
57:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2270:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:10.1206/310.1
1717:
1713:
1709:
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1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1631:(3): e91570.
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1587:
1584:
1580:(3): 948–959.
1579:
1575:
1568:
1566:
1557:
1554:
1550:(1): 181–187.
1549:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1527:
1523:(2): 193–199.
1522:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1500:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1460:
1459:
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1332:
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1324:
1323:
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1312:
1307:
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1299:
1297:
1288:
1286:
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1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
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1250:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1066:
1062:
1056:
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1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:0-7894-7764-5
1037:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
986:
979:
977:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
947:
934:
930:
924:
921:
917:
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910:
908:
901:
898:
886:
880:
878:
874:
861:
856:
852:
848:
847:
842:
840:
831:
829:
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825:
821:
814:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
793:
788:
786:
782:
777:
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
752:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
715:
714:IUCN Red List
711:
707:
699:
697:
694:
690:
681:
676:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:helodermatids
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
631:
628:
623:
621:
617:
606:
603:
597:
594:
593:
592:
590:
582:
580:
578:
574:
573:
568:
567:specific name
564:
563:
558:
552:
544:
538:
533:
529:
525:
518:
516:
514:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
463:
460:
455:
450:
447:
443:
435:
433:
431:
427:
423:
418:
414:
413:
408:
403:
396:
394:
392:
388:
380:
375:
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
341:
339:
332:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
279:
274:
261:
259:
253:
250:
249:Binomial name
246:
242:
241:
236:
233:
232:
225:
224:
220:
217:
216:
211:
206:
205:Shinisauridae
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
116:
110:
105:
99:
94:
83:
79:
74:
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2182:crocodilurus
1981:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1859:
1851:
1848:
1819:
1812:
1787:
1783:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1679:(1): 3–308.
1676:
1672:
1665:
1628:
1624:
1603:
1600:Int. Zoo Yb.
1599:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1556:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1485:The Guardian
1483:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1456:
1446:
1433:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1412:The Vivarium
1411:
1405:
1397:
1382:
1375:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1331:ResearchGate
1329:– via
1326:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1069:. Retrieved
1067:. 2018-04-24
1064:
1031:
1025:
1020:31(2) 63-70.
1017:
1012:
975:
939:30 September
937:. Retrieved
932:
923:
906:
900:
888:. Retrieved
866:12 September
864:. Retrieved
850:
844:
838:
789:
773:
755:
747:
733:, meat, and
718:Habitat loss
705:
703:
685:
677:Conservation
662:
650:
643:Xenosauridae
638:
637:
626:
624:
619:
615:
613:
604:
595:
586:
572:Crocodilurus
570:
560:
554:
523:
522:
513:forest floor
508:
491:
469:
458:
453:
451:
441:
440:On average,
439:
436:Reproduction
429:
425:
421:
416:
410:
406:
401:
400:
386:
384:
368:
345:
342:Gut microbes
336:
308:
307:
277:
276:
272:
270:
257:
255:
239:
238:
222:
221:
204:
188:
40:
2073:iNaturalist
2026:Shinisaurus
2006:Wikispecies
1950:: 232–241.
1915:(1): 8–21.
1596:) in Europe
1492:28 December
1464:28 December
1327:Shinisaurus
1015:) in China.
809:Nitrogen-15
792:Cologne Zoo
785:Zoo Dresden
671:Anguimorpha
669:within the
667:Shinisauria
651:Shinisaurus
647:anguimorphs
639:Shinisaurus
535: [
532:Sin Shu-szi
524:Shinisaurus
496:subtropical
353:Lepidoptera
328:Description
314:Shinisauria
309:Shinisaurus
283:semiaquatic
223:Shinisaurus
195:Shinisauria
111:Appendix II
32:Shonisaurus
18:Shinisaurus
2222:Categories
1367:2385816278
1243:: 425–239.
1071:2021-11-16
890:2013-05-17
815:References
710:endangered
689:extirpated
663:Xenosaurus
589:subspecies
583:Subspecies
556:Xīn Shùzhì
498:broadleaf
484:Quảng Ninh
446:viviparous
417:Tropidurus
385:In China,
357:earthworms
348:microbiota
286:anguimorph
93:Endangered
1804:234986369
1714:: 1–182.
1606:: 250–269
1517:Hamadryad
1262:: 17–40.
1205:132902998
805:Carbon-13
731:pet trade
704:In 2014,
649:consider
599:Ahl, 1930
504:monsoonal
500:evergreen
488:Bac Giang
361:Bacillota
264:Ahl, 1930
234:Species:
228:Ahl, 1930
148:Kingdom:
142:Eukaryota
36:Shinosaur
2190:Species+
2117:57287221
2091:10363634
1991:Wikidata
1875:: 45–53.
1826:Archived
1824:. 1989.
1763:89730027
1728:85271610
1693:86355757
1657:24618917
1625:PLOS ONE
1363:ProQuest
1123:32390955
985:Archived
912:Archived
739:insomnia
729:for the
727:poaching
661:than to
519:Taxonomy
476:Guandong
376:Behavior
201:Family:
182:Squamata
172:Reptilia
162:Chordata
158:Phylum:
152:Animalia
138:Domain:
98:IUCN 3.1
70:Kentucky
2205:5792848
2104:1146505
2065:2448242
1997:Q302215
1854:: 19–26
1648:3950216
1602:(2019)
1437:at the
1276:1466994
1114:7190797
1097:: 550.
712:on the
700:Threats
565:). Its
543:Chinese
472:Guangxi
333:Anatomy
297:Vietnam
281:) is a
218:Genus:
178:Order:
168:Class:
113: (
96: (
66:Newport
60:At the
2202:uBio:
2169:373758
2156:651194
2143:103170
2034:ARKive
1802:
1761:
1726:
1691:
1655:
1645:
1390:
1365:
1274:
1203:
1121:
1111:
1038:
1032:Animal
553::
551:pinyin
545::
528:lizard
289:lizard
212:, 1930
2130:52224
2086:IRMNG
2078:39531
2052:4X4PH
1893:(PDF)
1869:(PDF)
1800:S2CID
1759:S2CID
1724:S2CID
1689:S2CID
1570:(PDF)
1272:JSTOR
1201:S2CID
988:(PDF)
981:(PDF)
933:CITES
693:Hunan
539:]
318:clade
301:CITES
293:China
189:Clade
115:CITES
109:CITES
2195:3605
2125:NCBI
2112:IUCN
2099:ITIS
2060:GBIF
1653:PMID
1494:2017
1466:2017
1388:ISBN
1119:PMID
1036:ISBN
941:2023
868:2024
851:2022
807:and
783:and
657:and
587:Two
577:tail
486:and
474:and
381:Diet
363:and
316:, a
271:The
2047:CoL
2021:ADW
1952:doi
1917:doi
1792:doi
1788:123
1751:doi
1716:doi
1712:310
1681:doi
1643:PMC
1633:doi
1355:doi
1264:doi
1241:121
1193:doi
1158:doi
1109:PMC
1099:doi
855:doi
579:".
547:辛树帜
482:in
415:or
210:Ahl
64:in
34:or
2224::
2192::
2179::
2177:RD
2166::
2153::
2140::
2127::
2114::
2101::
2088::
2075::
2062::
2049::
2036::
2023::
2008::
1993::
1946:.
1942:.
1913:49
1911:.
1871:.
1852:27
1847:.
1834:^
1798:.
1786:.
1771:^
1757:.
1747:37
1745:.
1722:.
1710:.
1687:.
1677:53
1675:.
1651:.
1641:.
1627:.
1623:.
1611:^
1604:53
1598:.
1578:10
1576:.
1572:.
1548:56
1546:.
1542:.
1521:27
1519:.
1515:.
1482:.
1455:.
1396:.
1361:.
1351:10
1349:.
1306:38
1304:.
1300:.
1284:^
1270:.
1258:.
1239:.
1235:.
1213:^
1199:.
1189:53
1187:.
1170:^
1154:85
1152:.
1131:^
1117:.
1107:.
1095:11
1093:.
1089:.
1063:.
1050:^
996:^
949:^
931:.
909:).
876:^
849:.
843:.
823:^
787:.
549:;
537:zh
515:.
191::
68:,
1960:.
1954::
1948:6
1923:.
1919::
1806:.
1794::
1765:.
1753::
1730:.
1718::
1695:.
1683::
1659:.
1635::
1629:9
1496:.
1468:.
1369:.
1357::
1333:.
1308:.
1298:"
1278:.
1266::
1260:9
1207:.
1195::
1164:.
1160::
1125:.
1101::
1074:.
1044:.
943:.
893:.
870:.
857::
841:"
837:"
541:(
275:(
117:)
100:)
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
