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928:. However, the tide of the rebellion turned against the rebels once the garrison's remaining Army officers overcame their surprise at the attack. Officers managed to organize their troops, and the Army's superior numbers and firepower soon decimated the rebels, armed only with traditional swords. Otaguro, badly wounded in the fighting, asked for one of his followers to cut off his head as part of a death ritual. After his death, many of his followers followed by committing
41:
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was historically the main location of trade with the West, but also a stronghold of conservative anti-Meiji sentiment. Keishintō members did not want to simply halt the
Westernization process, they wanted to turn the clock back and eradicate every trace of it, including the wearing of Western
997:
series, covers the Shinpūren
Rebellion in detail. For dramatic purposes, Mishima depicts the Keishintō's divination sessions as involving observations of rice honey or peach branches. In fact, none of the members of the Keishintō recorded the method of divination that they used.
900:, the city itself was only lightly defended. On 24 October 1876, after sending messages to like-minded groups in other domains, Otaguro led his 200 men in revolt against the Meiji government, dividing his force into squads. One squad launched a surprise night attack on the
762:, the former powerful and privileged warrior class, were disgruntled with the direction the nation had taken. The Meiji reforms saw them lose their privileged social status under the feudal order, also eliminating their income, and the establishment of universal
972:
only days later. Although the rebellion failed completely, the fact that a small but determined band of men could create such a state of panic, and could defeat such a large force, proved to be an inspiration to anti-Meiji political
904:
of the
Imperial Japanese Army's Kumamoto garrison, giving no quarter and showing no mercy even to the wounded or unarmed, spurred on by their hatred of the conscript army, many of whose soldiers were from
513:
924:
The
Keishintō successfully assassinated Yasuoka Ryosuke, the governor of Kumamoto Prefecture, Major General Taneda Masaaki, the commander of the Kumamoto garrison, and Taneda's
941:
The graves of some 123 members of the
Keishintō are located in the grounds of Sakurayama Shrine in Kumamoto. Many of those who fell were in their teens or early twenties.
888:), and after several attempts at divination, was given what he considered to be divine authorization to lead an uprising. As the Meiji government had called upon the
506:
1206:
1096:
499:
1228:
913:
office, although this in effect cut the rebels off from their would-be allies. A third squad attacked the offices and residences of officials of
953:
or from suicide, and most of the remainder were wounded. Surviving rebels were arrested by the
Japanese authorities and some were subsequently
1158:
1124:
766:
had replaced much of their role in the society. The very rapid modernization and
Westernization of Japan was resulting in massive changes to
961:. Approximately 60 Imperial Japanese Army soldiers and Kumamoto Prefecture officials were killed by the rebels and over 200 were wounded.
659:
officials. The
Keishintō were defeated by the army the following morning, with most surviving rebels killing themselves by committing
1194:
1071:
909:
backgrounds. Some 300 men of the garrison were either slaughtered or wounded during the attack. A second squad smashed the local
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1413:
1311:
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until the end of the Empire of Japan in 1945. The Shinpūren rebellion is sometimes considered to be a precursor to the major
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with them at all times for use in ritual purification of polluting foreign influences, such as
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At the time, the Shinpūren rebellion had a ripple effect in western Japan, spawning the
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Painting depicting the
Imperial Japanese Army's repression of the Shinpūren rebellion.
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Ruffians, Yakuza, Nationalists: The
Violent Politics of Modern Japan, 1860–1960
949:
Approximately 124 of the 200 Keishintō rebels died during the uprising, either
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821:
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1189:. Brill's Japanese Studies Library. Vol. 6. Leiden: Brill. p. 427.
1720:
1638:
1460:
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770:, dress and society, and appeared to many samurai to be a betrayal of the "
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Rogers, John M. "Divine Destruction: The Shinpūren Rebellion of 1876". In
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was planning a trip overseas was the final straw for Keishintō members.
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and Meiji government in Kumamoto, killing dozens of soldiers and
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permitting foreigners to purchase land in Japan, to allow
832:, individuals dressed in Western-style clothing, and even
934:. The uprising was over by the following morning, but a
820:, and even the use of Western weapons. Members carried
1116:
The Cambridge History of Japan: The nineteenth century
1693:
1668:
1637:
1612:
1603:
1526:
1459:
1260:
1249:
876:, was assassinated during the Shinpūren rebellion.
1048:(昆陽霽堅), Ueno Kengo (上野諌吾), Tashiro Gigorō (田代儀五郎)
938:remained in effect in Kumamoto until November 3.
1064:Emperor Of Japan: Meiji And His World, 1852–1912
1040:(加々見十郎), Aoki Rekita (青木暦太), Juge Kazuo (樹下一雄),
836:priests. They were outraged by Meiji government
672:The Shinpūren rebellion was one of a number of "
981:which occurred from January to September 1877.
582:
21:
1092:No. 1127 (Series 20). A contemporary account.
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8:
744:, including reforms aimed at deconstructing
1119:. Cambridge University Press. p. 391.
780:justification used to overthrow the former
1609:
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1229:
1215:
1207:
1187:New directions in the study of Meiji Japan
514:
500:
492:
47:The Death in Battle of the Kumamoto Rebels
18:
774:" ("Expel the Barbarian") portion of the
1237:Coups, rebellions, and revolts in Japan
1153:. Cornell University Press. p. 18.
697:
647:. The Keishintō under the leadership of
1082:
1029:
651:launched a surprise attack against the
64:24 October 1876 – 25 October 1876
748:in Japan such as the abolition of the
807:, which grew out of the teachings of
7:
787:The Keishintō was an extremist and
756:. Many conservative members of the
584:Shinpūren no ran / Jinpūren no ran
14:
1113:Marius B. Jansen (28 July 1989).
921:that had replaced Higo Province.
1239:
635:, were extremely opposed to the
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1306:Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion
678:uprisings" which took place in
1312:Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion
1:
1147:Eiko Maruko Siniawer (2008).
1066:. Columbia University Press.
850:forbid the carrying of swords
1420:Ōshio Heihachirō's Rebellion
639:of Japan and loss of their
583:
1778:
1659:Hibiya incendiary incident
1414:Menashi–Kunashir rebellion
1276:Prince Hoshikawa Rebellion
463:300 soldiers and policemen
1560:Military Academy incident
993:, the second book of the
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577:
529:
470:
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128:Meiji Government of Japan
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38:
26:
1548:League of Blood Incident
466:174-200 Kumamoto samurai
1185:; Adam L. Kern (eds.).
919:administrative division
896:to suppress the nearby
625:organization of former
1062:Keene, Donald (2005).
890:Imperial Japanese Army
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669:by Meiji authorities.
653:Imperial Japanese Army
167:Commanders and leaders
141:Imperial Japanese Army
16:1876 Japanese uprising
1336:Shishigatani incident
868:Yasuoka Ryosuke, the
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791:secret society of ex-
764:military conscription
754:Tokugawa class system
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605:on 24 October 1876.
471:Casualties and losses
1566:February 26 incident
1432:Shimonoseki Campaign
1036:From left to right:
816:clothes, use of the
736:enacted policies of
732:since 1600. The new
720:, and overthrew the
523:Meiji era rebellions
1757:October 1876 events
1481:Shinpūren Rebellion
1438:Tenchūgumi incident
1408:Shakushain's revolt
1396:Shimabara Rebellion
1372:Yamashiro Rebellion
1342:Siege of Hōjūjidono
1270:Kibi Clan Rebellion
1090:Yubin hochi shinbun
915:Kumamoto Prefecture
880:Otaguro was also a
874:Kumamoto Prefecture
657:Kumamoto Prefecture
572:Shinpūren rebellion
93:Government victory
78:Kumamoto Prefecture
51:Tsukioka Yoshitoshi
22:Shinpūren Rebellion
1762:Shizoku rebellions
1511:Fukushima incident
1505:Takebashi incident
1469:Two Lords Incident
936:state of emergency
878:
846:Christian religion
818:Gregorian calendar
782:Tokugawa shogunate
722:Tokugawa Shogunate
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173:Kumamoto Garrison:
31:rebellions of the
1747:Conflicts in 1876
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1653:Nagasaki incident
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1517:Chichibu incident
1499:Satsuma Rebellion
1487:Akizuki Rebellion
1434: (1863–1864)
1426:Teradaya incident
1410: (1669–1672)
1398: (1637–1638)
1294:Jinshin Rebellion
1160:978-0-8014-4720-4
1126:978-0-521-22356-0
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966:Akizuki rebellion
708:Meiji Restoration
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1622:Kakitsu uprising
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1590:Mishima incident
1542:October incident
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1384:Kunohe Rebellion
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917:, the new Meiji
811:. The island of
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710:established the
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1360:Shōchō uprising
1354:Jōkyū Rebellion
1330:Heiji Rebellion
1324:Hōgen Rebellion
1320: (939–940)
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34:
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25:
20:
1723: (1970)
1717: (1968)
1711: (1952)
1705: (1946)
1686: (1923)
1680: (1918)
1661: (1905)
1655: (1886)
1649: (1873)
1630: (1686)
1624: (1441)
1592: (1970)
1586: (1961)
1580: (1945)
1574: (1945)
1568: (1936)
1562: (1934)
1556: (1932)
1550: (1932)
1544: (1931)
1538: (1931)
1519: (1884)
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1507: (1878)
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1495: (1876)
1489: (1876)
1483: (1876)
1477: (1874)
1471: (1868)
1452: (1864)
1446: (1864)
1440: (1863)
1428:(1862, 1866)
1422: (1837)
1416: (1789)
1404: (1651)
1392: (1603)
1368: (1441)
1362: (1428)
1356: (1221)
1350: (1201)
1344: (1184)
1338: (1177)
1332: (1160)
1326: (1156)
1186:
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
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1130:. Retrieved
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1108:
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1032:
988:
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730:feudal state
715:
705:
688:Meiji period
682:and western
673:
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626:
609:
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593:against the
571:
569:
538:
478:200+ injured
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427:
404:Ogata Kotarō
389:
369:
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328:Ogawa Mataji
316:Oku Yasukata
292:
211:
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147:
119:
114:Belligerents
92:
46:
33:Meiji period
27:Part of the
1380:(1487–1488)
1374:(1485–1493)
1314: (764)
1308: (740)
1296: (672)
1290: (645)
1284: (527)
1278: (479)
1272: (463)
1103:in English.
1094:Description
1038:Kagami Jūrō
826:electricity
809:Hayashi Ōen
714:during the
422:Kagami Jūrō
260: [
229: [
203: [
148:Keishintō
1741:Categories
1678:Rice riots
1670:Taishō era
1613:Pre-Modern
1261:Pre-Modern
1254:rebellions
1056:References
789:xenophobic
750:han system
694:Background
643:after the
486:50 injured
384:Ueno Kengo
1721:Koza riot
1695:Shōwa era
1639:Meiji era
1604:Riots and
1528:Shōwa era
1461:Meiji era
1252:coups and
1250:Attempted
1044:(太田黒伴雄),
959:beheading
945:Aftermath
911:telegraph
907:burakumin
848:, and to
830:railroads
777:Sonnō jōi
746:feudalism
717:Bakumatsu
610:Keishintō
539:Shinpūren
1097:Archived
1002:See also
968:and the
955:executed
902:barracks
894:Kumamoto
886:kannushi
870:Governor
860:Uprising
834:Buddhist
752:and the
667:executed
603:Kumamoto
591:uprising
559:Chichibu
476:60 dead
458:Strength
74:Kumamoto
69:Location
1166:18 June
1132:18 June
931:seppuku
838:decrees
803:led by
795:of the
793:samurai
759:samurai
675:shizoku
662:seppuku
631:of the
628:samurai
589:was an
554:Satsuma
544:Akizuki
483:seppuku
448:†
428:†
390:†
370:†
349:†
157:of the
154:Samurai
29:Shizoku
1386:(1591)
1193:
1157:
1123:
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813:Kyūshū
684:Honshu
680:Kyūshū
623:Shinto
444:
424:
406:
386:
366:
345:
209:
185:
89:Result
1615:Japan
1263:Japan
1024:Notes
728:as a
726:Japan
599:Japan
578:神風連の乱
264:]
233:]
207:]
82:Japan
49:" by
1191:ISBN
1168:2012
1155:ISBN
1134:2012
1121:ISBN
1068:ISBN
822:salt
740:and
608:The
570:The
549:Hagi
534:Saga
100:and
61:Date
987:'s
957:by
872:of
799:in
784:.
772:joi
616:敬神党
597:of
1743::
828:,
690:.
581:,
262:ja
231:ja
205:ja
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76:,
1230:e
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1216:v
1199:.
1170:.
1136:.
1076:.
884:(
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587:)
575:(
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501:v
212:X
188:X
45:"
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