491:, the game's historical advisor Thierry Noël said, "The archaeological sources are highly debated on that specific issue. But (...) it was part of conception of the world. Sagas and myths from Norse society are full of tough female characters and warriors. It was part of their idea of the world, that women and men are equally formidable in battle". The game's main character can be a male or female (choice of gender at game start) named Eivor Varinsson/Varinsdottir who is the leader of the Raven Clan alongside their adoptive brother Sigurd Styrbjornsson. However, canonically the character is female and known as Eivor Varinsdottir, a shield-maiden.
121:. Since Old Norse has no word that directly translates to warrior, but rather drengr, rekkr and seggr can all refer to male warrior and bragnar can mean warriors, it is problematic to say that the term meant female warrior to Old Norse speakers. Judith Jesch researched the word in an attempt to find its origin. While she found that it was used to describe Amazons as well as women warriors in Sagas, typically from the East, she found no conclusive evidence that it dates to the Viking Age, and suggests that it may have entered Old Norse in the 13th century. Additionally, the term is found in the name of a ship and in the nickname of a poet.
234:
20:
125:
as to avoid confusion between textual and literal Shield-maidens. The term is also used in modern
English as synonymous with valkyrie. Indeed, Brynhildr, a valkyrie, describes herself as a shield-maiden in the Vǫlsunga saga. However, the text was composed in the 13th century, and not in the Viking Age. In the Viking Age, valkyries served drinks in Vahalla and choose the dead in battle, but were not warriors in the same way as shield-maidens in the sagas.
298:
counterparts, the shield-maiden prefers to do things straightforwardly, without the deception considered stereotypically feminine in much of medieval literature. She enacts her vengeance directly, resulting in the deaths of herself, Sigurðr, and Sigurð's son by Guðrún. By killing the child, she demonstrates an understanding of feud and filial responsibility; if he lived, the boy would grow up to take vengeance on
Brynhildr's family.
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suitable for noble women. And it is easy to be satisfied while everything happens according to your desires." In her later marriages, however, she is willing to kill her children, burn down a hall, and send her other sons to avenge the murder of her daughter, Svanhildr. In the world of the sagas, women can be both honorable and remorseless, much like the male heroes.
1146:
The gender-role inversion in Arbo's painting does not last for long: later in the film, Éowyn takes the same position as the shield maiden Hervor in the painting, lying on a field strewn with dead bodies, where her brother, Éomer, finds her. The colors in Arbo's painting are the golds, reds, yellows,
124:
In modern
English, it can refer to a generic female warrior, but is also used to refer specifically to a type of character appearing in the fornaldarsögur. Confusingly, it is sometimes used to refer to hypothetical female warriors in the Viking Age. Jesch argues against this usage in academic works,
320:
Much of the study of shield-maidens focuses on them as a literary phenomenon. However, literary shield-maidens have long been seen by some as evidence of historical female warriors in the Viking Age. In the early 1900s a female weapon grave was found in Nordre Kjølen and labeled a shield-maiden.
301:
Guðrún has a similar concern with family ties, but at first does not usually act directly. She is more inclined to incite her male relatives to action than take up arms herself. Guðrún is no shield-maiden, and
Brynhildr mocks her for this, saying, "Only ask what is best for you to know. That is
297:
Brynhildr is married to
Gunnarr and not Sigurðr because of deceit and trickery, including a potion of forgetfulness given to Sigurðr so he forgets his previous relationship with her. Brynhildr is upset not only for the loss of Sigurðr, but also for the dishonesty involved. Similar to her male
224:
Scholars Judith Jesch and Jenny
Jochens speculate that shield-maidens' often grim fates or their sudden return to typically female roles is a testament to their role as figures of both male and female fantasy as well as emblematic of the danger of abandoning gender roles.
352:-burial excavated in the 1870s containing many weapons and the bones of two horses turned out to be the grave of a woman upon bone analysis by Anna Kjellström. In 2017, DNA analysis confirmed that the person was female, the so-called
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and chemical analysis of the remains suggested a somewhat equal distribution of men and women, suggesting husbands took wives, while some of the women were under the burial. In a tie-in special to the TV series
186:. The first of these Hervors was known to have taken up typically masculine roles early in her childhood and often raided travelers in the woods dressed as a man. Later in her life, she claimed the cursed sword
258:, provides an example of how a shield-maiden compares to more conventional aristocratic womanhood in the sagas. Brynhildr is chiefly concerned with honour, much like a male warrior. When she ends up married to
2052:
995:
Hedenstierna-Jonson, Charlotte; Kjellström, Anna; Zachrisson, Torun; Krzewińska, Maja; Sobrado, Veronica; Price, Neil; Günther, Torsten; Jakobsson, Mattias; Götherström, Anders; Storå, Jan (2017).
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Shield-maidens however were not studied in depth till textual scholars began to examine the issue. Præstgaard
Andersen, Jesch and Jochens all began to examine the textual sources.
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from her father's burial site and became a seafaring raider. She eventually settled and married. Her granddaughter was also named Hervor and commanded forces against attacking
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93:. Both the fornaldarsögur and Gesta Danorum were written after the Viking Age and are considered fictional. Earlier reports of fighting women occur in some Roman sources from
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Graves of female settlers containing weapons have been uncovered, but scholars do not agree how these should be interpreted. Norse immigrant graves in
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216:(Heid) and Wisna, with Hakon Cut-cheek came Tummi the Sailmaker. On these captains, who had the bodies of women, nature bestowed the souls of men.
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While female warriors are a staple of fantasy fiction, they are not often referred to as shield-maidens. Some who are include
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and blues found in Rohan in the film, down to the white of the steed that, in the painting, has survived its rider.
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was also inspired with the same spirit, and was attended by Bo (Bui) Bramason and Brat the Jute, thirsting for war.
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194:. Although the saga remarks on her bravery she is mortally wounded by enemy forces and dies on the battlefield.
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McLeod, Shane (2011). "Warriors and women: the sex ratio of Norse migrants to eastern
England up to 900 AD".
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101:, which may have inspired the shieldmaidens. They may have also been inspired by accounts of Amazons.
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748:] (E-book) (in Latin), translated by Elton, Oliver, New York: Norroena Society (published 1905)
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270:, the man she intended to marry, Brynhildr speaks a verse comparing the courage of the two men:
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writes that fighting women were probably exceptional, uncommon cases rather than the norm.
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470:) and Urd (played by Ágústa Eva Erlendsdóttir) are shield maidens, who fought alongside
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Explaining the inclusion of a female Viking warrior protagonist in the video game
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Fantasy and
Science Fiction Medievalisms: From Isaac Asimov to A Game of Thrones
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Female warriors inspired by the Norse sagas are portrayed in numerous works of
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407:, the victors were stunned to discover armed women among the fallen warriors.
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Examples of shield-maidens mentioned by name in the Norse sagas include
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Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of
Central and Northern Europe
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fiction, including prominently in such works as the 2013 TV series
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1105:"Assassin's Creed Valhalla – The History Behind the Viking Legend"
349:
309:
232:
18:
432:, which does not explicitly refer to Freydís as a shield-maiden.
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191:
87:. However, female warriors are also mentioned in the Latin work
3259:
1164:
2150:
1461:
1381:
667:"Women, War and Words: a Verbal Archaeology of Shield-maidens"
579:"Women, War and Words: a Verbal Archaeology of Shield-maidens"
462:) as the greatest shield maiden in the world. In the TV show
325:, argues that they existed. Some scholars, such as professor
364:
Roman sources occasionally mention women fighting among the
3255:
802:
Women and Weapons in the Viking World Amazons of the North
482:
through a time hole and now works as a police inspector.
746:
The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus
2053:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
4978:
4787:
4261:
4149:
3713:
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3227:
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2464:
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1993:
1883:
1585:
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1367:
1234:
1211:
1085:"Vikings Season 6 Episode 7 Review: The Ice Maiden"
853:"A Female Viking Warrior? Tomb Study Yields Clues"
368:they faced; however, such reports are rare, and
997:"A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics"
272:
212:Now out of the town of Sle, under the captains
210:
824:
822:
200:reported that women fought on the side of the
97:. They are often associated with the mythical
16:Female warrior in Norse folklore and mythology
3271:
1176:
616:
614:
8:
229:Brynhildr Buðladóttir and Guðrún Gjúkadóttir
2905:
1205:Mythological Norse people, items and places
1044:
1042:
1040:
738:(2006-02-11) , Killings, Douglas B. (ed.),
403:) had suffered a devastating defeat in the
3278:
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3256:
2992:
2470:
1231:
1183:
1169:
1161:
2003:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
1020:
1001:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
851:Anderson, Christina (14 September 2017).
704:
702:
682:
594:
387:records that women fought in battle when
159:, and the Swedish princess Thornbjǫrg in
1048:Harrison, D. & Svensson, K. (2007).
978:"Invasion of the Viking women unearthed"
830:"Secrets of the Vikings: Shield Maidens"
548:Women warriors in literature and culture
348:, Neil Price showed that a 10th-century
881:"Viking women, warriors, and valkyries"
781:
779:
569:
399:(not to be confused with the Byzantine
375:There are historical attestations that
1134:. Cambria Press. p. 55, note 37.
49:
789:University of California Press, 1990.
7:
4141:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
799:Gardela, Leszek (2 September 2021).
478:. Alfhildr later came to modern day
4096:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
2063:named weapons, armour and treasures
711:"The Saga of King Heidrik the Wise"
621:Reichert, Hermann (2010) . "Frau".
5087:Women in medieval European warfare
5062:People whose existence is disputed
4960:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
4925:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
4920:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
4289:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
3240:Heathenry (new religious movement)
912:"Don't underestimate Viking women"
553:List of women warriors in folklore
466:Alfhildr Enginnsdottir (played by
14:
910:Foss, Arild S. (2 January 2013).
624:Germanische Altertumskunde Online
3491:
1903:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
1052:. Fälth & Hässler, Värnamo.
955:10.1111/j.1468-0254.2011.00323.x
426:. The fight is recounted in the
379:women took part in warfare. The
254:, along with her rival in love,
879:Jesch, Judith (19 April 2014).
538:Women in post-classical warfare
4111:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
2340:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
976:Vergano, Dan (July 19, 2011).
771:University of California Press
741:The Danish History, Books I–IX
1:
5017:Characters in Norse mythology
4996:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
4950:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
4126:Siege of Constantinople (860)
755:– via Project Gutenberg
182:Two shield-maidens appear in
173:are female warriors named in
5027:European folklore characters
4915:Småland Runic Inscription 48
4815:Danish Runic Inscription 380
4810:Danish Runic Inscription 154
1071:The Sagas of the Icelanders.
716:. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd
543:Women in warfare (1500–1699)
129:Shield-maidens in literature
109:The term Shield-maiden is a
28:Battle of the Goths and Huns
4805:Danish Runic Inscription 66
4309:Birka female Viking warrior
4001:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
2410:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
528:Birka female Viking warrior
391:attacked the Byzantines in
354:Birka female Viking warrior
5125:
4835:Gunnar's bridge runestones
4181:Viking Age arms and armour
4036:Battle of Strangford Lough
3776:Battle of Brentford (1016)
3077:Festivals and holy periods
280:And that afterward will be
243:
5042:Fictional female warriors
4991:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
4965:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
4654:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
4489:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
4026:Battle of Stamford Bridge
3489:
2345:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
2058:named animals and plants
1202:
785:Byock, Jesse L. (Trans.)
488:Assassin's Creed Valhalla
162:Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar
150:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks
84:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks
4499:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
4404:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
4238:Raid Warfare and Tactics
4081:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
4051:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
4021:Battle of Stamford (918)
4016:Battle of Stamford (894)
3921:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
3736:Battle of Anglesey Sound
2166:Black elves (Svartálfar)
765:Jesse L. Byock, trans.,
533:Women in ancient warfare
414:'s pregnant half-sister
5057:Mythological characters
5052:Mythological archetypes
5047:Germanic women warriors
4719:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
4664:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
4394:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
4121:Siege of Chartres (911)
3971:Battle of Reading (871)
3926:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
3916:Battle of London Bridge
3886:Battle of Hingston Down
3048:Sacred trees and groves
2288:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
2161:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
315:The Valkyrie from Hårby
292:Nor to leap across it.
165:. Princess Hed, Visna,
153:, the Brynhildr of the
118:
77:most often shows up in
74:
46:
5102:Women in war in Sweden
5097:Women in war in Norway
4875:Norra Härene Runestone
4800:Baltic area runestones
4314:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
4101:Raids in the Rhineland
3911:Battle of Leuven (891)
3901:Battle of Islandbridge
3896:Battle of Hjörungavágr
3796:Battle of Cathair Cuan
2906:
2156:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
1805:Narfi (father of Nott)
885:blog.britishmuseum.org
709:Tolkien, Christopher.
665:Jesch, Judith (2021).
638:Jesch, Judith (2015).
577:Jesch, Judith (2021).
317:
295:
241:
237:"Brunnhild" (1897) by
222:
51:[ˈskjɑldˌmæːr]
34:
5067:Scandinavian folklore
4845:Hakon Jarl runestones
4744:Tryggvi the Pretender
4649:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
4584:Ohthere of Hålogaland
4529:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
4349:Eohric of East Anglia
4248:Svinfylking Formation
4056:Battle of Tarbat Ness
3866:Battle of Fýrisvellir
3731:First Battle of Alton
2298:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
1577:Sister-wife of Njörðr
1128:Young, Helen (2015).
1073:Penguin Books, 1997.
943:Early Medieval Europe
787:Saga of the Volsungs.
505:The Lord of the Rings
313:
290:To ride into the fire
284:While men still live.
236:
156:Bósa saga ok Herrauðs
105:Etymology and meaning
60:Scandinavian folklore
22:
4955:Varangian runestones
4870:Lingsberg Runestones
4850:Hällestad Runestones
4734:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
4694:Styrbjörn the Strong
4629:Rognvald Eysteinsson
4609:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
4374:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
4344:Egill Skallagrímsson
4091:Burning of Luimneach
4066:Battle of Tettenhall
4031:Battle of Stiklestad
3966:Battle of Rastarkalv
3876:Battle of Hafrsfjord
3841:Battle of Englefield
3801:Battle of Chippenham
3791:Battle of Buttington
3786:Battle of Brunanburh
3781:Battle of Brissarthe
3068:Wetlands and islands
2188:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
767:Saga of the Volsungs
416:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
389:Sviatoslav I of Kiev
306:Historical existence
4900:Sigtrygg Runestones
4890:Runestones of Högby
4795:Ballstorp Runestone
4779:Unn the Deep-Minded
4714:Thorfinn the Mighty
4709:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
4689:Steinunn Refsdóttir
4479:Hemming Halfdansson
4334:Bjorn the Easterner
4061:Battle of Tempsford
4011:Battle of Stainmore
3991:Battle of Rochester
3931:Battle of Mag Femen
3891:Battle of the Holme
3816:Battle of Corbridge
3771:Battle of Brávellir
3721:Tactics and warfare
3525:Viking ship replica
2350:Narfi (son of Loki)
1497:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1069:Thorsson, Ö. (Ed.)
840:on 25 January 2016.
684:10.5617/viking.9054
641:The Viking Diaspora
596:10.5617/viking.9054
454:. The show depicts
405:Siege of Dorostolon
360:Historical accounts
282:Forgotten by no one
206:Battle of Brávellir
5092:Women in mythology
4930:Sparlösa Runestone
4885:Runestones at Aspa
4880:Orkesta Runestones
4825:England runestones
4444:Halfdan Ragnarsson
4424:Hakon Rognvaldsson
4409:Gunnar Hámundarson
4389:Godfrid Haraldsson
4324:Bjarni Herjólfsson
4274:Amlaíb Cenncairech
4262:Historical figures
4166:Great Heathen Army
4154:and fortifications
4071:Battle of Thetford
3996:Battle of Sasireti
3986:Battle of Ringmere
3871:Battle of Glenmama
3846:Battle of Epiphany
3836:Battle of Edington
3806:Battle of Clontarf
3766:Battle of Benfleet
3746:Battle of Assandun
3583:L'Anse aux Meadows
3408:Old Norse religion
2996:Religious practice
2970:Old Norse language
2437:Váli (son of Loki)
2325:Líf and Lífthrasir
2233:Árvakr and Alsviðr
2228:Horses of the Æsir
2208:Hati Hróðvitnisson
1349:Váli (son of Odin)
1192:Old Norse religion
1083:Vitagliano, Dave.
1013:10.1002/ajpa.23308
858:The New York Times
436:In popular culture
318:
256:Guðrún Gjúkadóttir
242:
35:
32:Peter Nicolai Arbo
5004:
5003:
4970:Viking runestones
4905:Simris Runestones
4895:Sædinge Runestone
4865:Karlevi Runestone
4855:Ingvar runestones
4830:Greece runestones
4739:Thorstein the Red
4724:Thorkell the Tall
4604:Ragnar Ragnarsson
4509:Ivar the Boneless
4434:Haakon Sigurdsson
4384:Garðar Svavarsson
4369:Eiríkr Hákonarson
4364:Eric I of Denmark
4319:Bjorn Asbrandsson
4206:Gjermundbu helmet
4076:Battle of Thimeon
4046:Battle of Sulcoit
4041:Battle of Svolder
4006:Battle of Skyhill
3976:Battle of Renfrew
3956:Battle of Norditi
3941:Battle of Meretun
3861:Battle of Fulford
3856:Battle of Florvåg
3741:Battle of Ashdown
3468:Viking runestones
3253:
3252:
3245:Nordic Bronze Age
3235:Germanic paganism
3223:
3222:
3094:Germanic calendar
3058:Temple at Uppsala
2856:
2855:
2460:
2459:
2420:Þjálfi and Röskva
2364:Personifications
1227:and other figures
1141:978-1-62196-747-7
1058:978-91-27-35725-9
916:sciencenordic.com
736:Grammaticus, Saxo
515:The Sea of Trolls
476:Olaf II of Norway
395:in 971. When the
250:Brynhildr of the
208:in the year 750:
113:of the Old Norse
5114:
5077:Viking Age women
5072:Stock characters
5022:Cultural studies
4935:Stangeland stone
4910:Sjörup Runestone
4860:Italy runestones
4840:Hagby Runestones
4820:Egtved Runestone
4754:Valtoke Gormsson
4699:Sweyn Asleifsson
4684:Snorri Sturluson
4669:Sigurd the Stout
4614:Ragnall ua Imair
4504:Ingólfr Arnarson
4454:Harald Bluetooth
4439:Halfdan Long-Leg
3981:Battle of Remich
3961:Battle of Pinhoe
3946:Battle of Nesjar
3936:Battle of Maldon
3881:Battle of Helgeå
3851:Battle of Fitjar
3831:Battle of Dollar
3821:Battle of Cynwit
3811:Battle of Confey
3751:Battle of Basing
3616:Viking expansion
3548:North Sea Empire
3495:
3473:Viking Age trade
3348:Germanic deities
3280:
3273:
3266:
3257:
2993:
2911:
2678:Grove of fetters
2471:
2178:Fjalar (rooster)
1938:Fjalar and Galar
1232:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1162:
1150:
1149:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1080:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1046:
1035:
1034:
1024:
992:
986:
985:
973:
967:
966:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
922:on 26 March 2017
918:. Archived from
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
887:. Archived from
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
848:
842:
841:
836:. Archived from
826:
817:
816:
796:
790:
783:
774:
763:
757:
756:
754:
753:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
715:
706:
697:
696:
686:
662:
656:
655:
635:
629:
628:
618:
609:
608:
598:
574:
500:J. R. R. Tolkien
460:Katheryn Winnick
370:Hermann Reichert
366:Germanic peoples
286:Yet your brother
198:Saxo Grammaticus
53:
26:dying after the
5124:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5037:Feminist theory
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4974:
4945:Runestone U 582
4783:
4704:Sweyn Forkbeard
4619:Raud the Strong
4579:Orm Storolfsson
4574:Olof Skötkonung
4564:Olav Haraldsson
4559:Olaf Tryggvason
4544:Magnus Barefoot
4524:Ketill Flatnose
4469:Harald Wartooth
4464:Harald Hardrada
4459:Harald Fairhair
4429:Haakon the Good
4257:
4253:Varangian Guard
4153:
4145:
4116:Siege of Asselt
4106:Raid on Seville
3906:Battle of Largs
3826:Battle of Derby
3761:Battle of Bauds
3756:Battle of Barry
3726:Battle of Aclea
3709:
3604:
3540:
3534:
3502:
3496:
3487:
3393:Norse mythology
3341:Younger Futhark
3289:
3284:
3254:
3249:
3219:
3175:Norse cosmology
3113:
3072:
2984:
2980:Later influence
2894:
2852:
2566:Other locations
2561:
2510:
2456:
2383:Sumarr and Vetr
2067:
1989:
1879:
1680:Gjálp and Greip
1581:
1516:
1363:
1228:
1226:
1217:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1109:www.ubisoft.com
1103:
1102:
1098:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1047:
1038:
994:
993:
989:
975:
974:
970:
940:
939:
935:
925:
923:
909:
908:
904:
894:
892:
891:on 3 March 2016
878:
877:
873:
863:
861:
850:
849:
845:
834:www.history.com
828:
827:
820:
813:
798:
797:
793:
784:
777:
764:
760:
751:
749:
734:
733:
729:
719:
717:
713:
708:
707:
700:
664:
663:
659:
652:
637:
636:
632:
620:
619:
612:
576:
575:
571:
566:
524:
508:and Thorgil in
438:
401:Varangian Guard
362:
335:
308:
294:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
248:
239:Gaston Bussière
231:
131:
107:
54:) was a female
17:
12:
11:
5:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5110:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5032:Fantasy tropes
5029:
5024:
5019:
5009:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4986:Viking revival
4982:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4599:Ragnar Lodbrok
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4569:Olaf the White
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4329:Björn Ironside
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4136:Siege of Paris
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4086:Battle of York
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3951:Battle of Niså
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:Orkney Islands
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3503:and navigation
3498:
3497:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2870:Æsir–Vanir War
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Hoddmímis holt
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2542:Körmt and Örmt
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1973:Sons of Ivaldi
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
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1157:External links
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1007:(4): 853–860.
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275:Sigurd fought
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288:Neither dared
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176:Gesta Danorum
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90:Gesta Danorum
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52:
48:
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40:
39:shield-maiden
33:
29:
25:
21:
4759:Vagn Åkesson
4679:Skalla-Grímr
4674:Sitric Caech
4539:Leif Erikson
4519:Ketilsdóttir
4359:Erik the Red
4242:
4151:Arms, armour
3541:and colonies
3530:Visby lenses
3520:Viking ships
3413:Raven banner
2928:
2921:
2914:
2885:Hjaðningavíg
2663:Glæsisvellir
2404:
2203:Gullinbursti
1850:Útgarða-Loki
1244:Almáttki áss
1145:
1130:
1123:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:
1099:
1088:
1078:
1070:
1065:
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1000:
990:
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946:
942:
936:
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
915:
905:
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889:the original
884:
874:
862:. Retrieved
856:
846:
838:the original
833:
805:. Casemate.
801:
794:
786:
766:
761:
750:, retrieved
745:
740:
730:
718:. Retrieved
674:
670:
660:
640:
633:
623:
586:
582:
572:
513:
510:Nancy Farmer
503:
493:
486:
484:
464:Beforeigners
450:
439:
427:
412:Leif Erikson
409:
374:
363:
343:
336:
327:Judith Jesch
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68:
38:
36:
4729:Thorir Hund
4659:Sigurd Ring
4514:Jomsvikings
4211:Yarm helmet
3646:Isle of Man
3600:Kievan Rus'
3433:Skíðblaðnir
3387:ship burial
3306:Brisingamen
3043:Reginnaglar
2975:Orthography
2948:Jómsvíkinga
2923:Poetic Edda
2836:Urðarbrunnr
2831:Mímisbrunnr
2763:Singasteinn
2693:Hindarfjall
2673:Gnipahellir
2653:Ginnungagap
2628:Fyrisvellir
2623:Fornsigtuna
2557:Vimur River
2547:Slidr River
2320:Jörmungandr
1730:Hrímgrímnir
1359:Vili and Vé
1090:Den of Geek
671:Viking Wars
583:Viking Wars
472:Thorir Hund
458:(played by
333:Archaeology
266:instead of
262:'s brother
5011:Categories
4788:Runestones
4304:Berle-Kari
4269:Airdeconut
3463:Viking art
3458:Viking Age
3210:Viking Age
3185:Philosophy
3053:Sonargöltr
2938:Runestones
2930:Prose Edda
2875:Fimbulvetr
2826:Hvergelmir
2793:Valaskjálf
2753:Sessrúmnir
2723:Jötunheimr
2698:Hlidskjalf
2688:Himinbjörg
2658:Glaðsheimr
2643:Gastropnir
2598:Bilskirnir
2578:Amsvartnir
2491:Gjallarbrú
2474:Underworld
2430:Landvættir
2330:Loddfáfnir
2308:Svaðilfari
2293:Hófvarpnir
2238:Blóðughófi
2218:Hildisvíni
2094:Aurvandill
1855:Vafþrúðnir
1840:Þrúðgelmir
1700:Harðgreipr
1114:2020-05-02
1050:Vikingaliv
752:2020-01-02
564:References
442:historical
397:Varangians
383:historian
377:Viking Age
323:Neil Price
277:the dragon
4749:Turgesius
4624:Reginheri
4594:Palnatoke
4379:Freygeirr
4161:Berserker
3685:Pomerania
3680:Rhineland
3609:Expansion
3558:Greenland
3539:Homelands
3483:Yggdrasil
3403:Old Norse
3358:Hnefatafl
3326:Einherjar
3165:Mead hall
3099:Þorrablót
2953:Legendary
2848:Yggdrasil
2808:Víðbláinn
2803:Vanaheimr
2778:Þrymheimr
2773:Þrúðvangr
2768:Þrúðheimr
2738:Munarvágr
2728:Mímameiðr
2703:Hnitbjorg
2618:Fólkvangr
2603:Brávellir
2552:Vadgelmir
2537:Kerlaugar
2506:Niðafjöll
2466:Locations
2442:Valkyries
2390:Sæhrímnir
2278:Gulltoppr
2243:Falhófnir
2141:Einherjar
2124:Landdísir
1958:Mótsognir
1948:Hreiðmarr
1860:Víðblindi
1810:Sökkmímir
1800:Mögþrasir
1760:Hyrrokkin
1725:Hrímgerðr
1720:Hræsvelgr
1710:Helreginn
1705:Helblindi
1625:Bergelmir
1289:Ítreksjóð
1196:mythology
982:USA Today
963:161848570
864:24 August
720:April 22,
693:244733568
605:244733568
518:trilogy.
424:Skrælings
381:Byzantine
246:Brynhildr
135:Brynhildr
119:skjaldmær
115:Old Norse
99:Valkyries
75:skjaldmær
71:Old Norse
69:The term
64:mythology
47:skjaldmær
43:Old Norse
5107:Brunhild
4774:Uí Ímair
4554:Náttfari
4534:Lagertha
4494:Hvitserk
4226:Ingelrii
4221:Ulfberht
4201:Dane axe
3673:Normandy
3668:Brittany
3651:Scotland
3595:Jomsborg
3568:Shetland
3515:Longship
3453:Valkyrie
3448:Valhalla
3378:Norsemen
3368:Leysingi
3363:Holmgang
3311:Danegeld
3228:See also
3150:Hamingja
3104:Vetrnætr
3089:Dísablót
3084:Álfablót
2890:Ragnarök
2798:Valhalla
2788:Útgarðar
2733:Myrkviðr
2718:Járnviðr
2713:Iðavöllr
2633:Gálgviðr
2613:Fensalir
2522:Élivágar
2496:Náströnd
2486:Éljúðnir
2355:Níðhöggr
2303:Sleipnir
2273:Gullfaxi
2173:Fimafeng
2089:Auðumbla
1908:Billingr
1835:Þrívaldi
1820:Suttungr
1775:Járnsaxa
1745:Hrungnir
1675:Gillingr
1670:Geirröðr
1650:Fárbauti
1640:Býleistr
1605:Angrboða
1557:Gullveig
1269:Heimdall
1259:Dellingr
1031:28884802
773:, 1990).
522:See also
474:against
456:Lagertha
393:Bulgaria
167:Lagertha
81:such as
4979:Related
4549:Naddodd
4474:Hastein
4449:Hagrold
4419:Guthrum
4414:Guthred
4299:Bagsecg
4196:Skeggöx
4186:Halberd
3714:Battles
3690:Estonia
3626:Danelaw
3588:Vinland
3553:Iceland
3478:Wergeld
3443:Tyrfing
3428:Seeress
3373:Mjölnir
3331:Futhark
3294:Culture
3287:Vikings
3180:Numbers
3160:Kenning
3033:Worship
2989:Society
2899:Sources
2818:Vingólf
2813:Vígríðr
2783:Uppsala
2748:Okolnir
2668:Glitnir
2638:Gandvik
2593:Bifröst
2583:Andlang
2501:Niflhel
2447:Völundr
2395:Skírnir
2335:Móðguðr
2131:Dragons
2114:Byggvir
1943:Gandalf
1928:Dvalinn
1898:Andvari
1735:Hrímnir
1690:Gunnlöð
1660:Fornjót
1655:Fjölvar
1635:Bölþorn
1610:Aurboða
1600:Alvaldi
1552:Gersemi
1369:Ásynjur
1274:Hermóðr
1264:Forseti
1214:Deities
1060:. p. 71
1022:5724682
451:Vikings
446:fantasy
420:Vinland
418:was in
345:Vikings
339:England
268:Sigurðr
264:Gunnarr
218:Webiorg
204:at the
188:Tyrfing
137:in the
56:warrior
4764:Veborg
4484:Hervor
4294:Auisle
4191:Atgeir
4171:Hersir
3700:Dublin
3695:Iberia
3663:France
3656:Wessex
3636:Mercia
3631:Anglia
3438:Thrall
3023:Horses
2862:Events
2843:Ýdalir
2822:Wells
2758:Sindri
2743:Nóatún
2608:Brimir
2573:Asgard
2532:Ífingr
2515:Rivers
2425:Vættir
2283:Gyllir
2193:Fylgja
2183:Fenrir
2136:Draugs
2072:Others
1995:Heroes
1978:Brokkr
1933:Fáfnir
1923:Dúrnir
1918:Durinn
1893:Alvíss
1885:Dwarfs
1870:Vörnir
1780:Laufey
1645:Eggþér
1630:Bestla
1587:Jötnar
1572:Njörðr
1567:Kvasir
1530:Freyja
1482:Snotra
1442:Njörun
1397:Gefjon
1354:Víðarr
1294:Lóðurr
1223:jötnar
1219:dwarfs
1138:
1056:
1029:
1019:
961:
926:10 May
895:10 May
809:
691:
648:
603:
480:Norway
260:Guðrún
171:Veborg
145:Hervor
111:calque
24:Hervor
4644:Rusla
4639:Rorik
4634:Rollo
4589:Ottir
4216:Sword
3705:Italy
3510:Knarr
3501:Ships
3423:Skald
3418:Sagas
3353:Gothi
3321:Eddas
3215:Völva
3205:Skald
3200:Seiðr
3195:Runes
3190:Rings
3155:Heiti
3140:Galdr
3135:Félag
3125:Death
3118:Other
3028:Hörgr
2943:Sagas
2683:Heiðr
2648:Gimlé
2588:Barri
2527:Gjöll
2452:Vörðr
2415:Troll
2400:Sköll
2360:Norns
2268:Grani
2263:Glenr
2253:Glaðr
2223:Hjúki
2198:Garmr
2151:Elves
2146:Eldir
2119:Dísir
2099:Beyla
2033:Hi–Hy
1983:Eitri
1968:Regin
1913:Dáinn
1865:Vosud
1845:Þrymr
1825:Þjazi
1815:Surtr
1785:Leikn
1755:Hymir
1750:Hrymr
1740:Hroðr
1715:Hljod
1695:Gymir
1685:Gríðr
1665:Gangr
1615:Baugi
1562:Hnoss
1545:Yngvi
1535:Freyr
1522:Vanir
1502:Þrúðr
1477:Skaði
1472:Sjöfn
1467:Sigyn
1452:Rindr
1437:Nanna
1417:Iðunn
1402:Gerðr
1392:Fulla
1387:Frigg
1314:Mímir
1309:Meili
1284:Hœnir
1254:Bragi
1249:Baldr
959:S2CID
744:[
714:(PDF)
689:S2CID
601:S2CID
496:Éowyn
410:When
350:Birka
214:Hetha
202:Danes
58:from
30:, by
4769:Ubba
4339:Cnut
4176:Hird
3641:York
3301:Blót
3145:Goði
3130:Ergi
3109:Yule
3008:Blót
2916:Edda
2378:Nótt
2373:Elli
2368:Dagr
2315:Jörð
2258:Glær
2248:Gísl
2109:Búri
2104:Borr
2084:Auðr
2028:H–He
1953:Litr
1875:Ymir
1830:Þökk
1795:Logi
1790:Litr
1620:Beli
1595:Ægir
1457:Sága
1432:Lofn
1427:Irpa
1422:Ilmr
1412:Hlín
1344:Ullr
1334:Thor
1324:Odin
1304:Máni
1299:Loki
1279:Höðr
1236:Æsir
1194:and
1136:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1027:PMID
928:2017
897:2017
866:2018
807:ISBN
722:2013
646:ISBN
444:and
192:Huns
169:and
62:and
3316:Dís
3170:Nīþ
3013:Hof
2481:Hel
2213:Hel
2048:T–Y
2043:P–S
2038:I–O
2023:F–G
2018:D–E
2013:B–C
1963:Ótr
1765:Iði
1512:Vör
1507:Vár
1492:Syn
1487:Sól
1462:Sif
1447:Rán
1407:Gná
1382:Eir
1377:Bil
1339:Týr
1329:Óðr
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