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318:, and of a woman penitent fending off diabolical attacks in the De Quincy Apocalypse, show the diagram placed on a shield. In the 15th century, one form of the Shield of the Trinity was considered to be the coat of arms of God (see discussion below). The use of the diagram declined in England with the rise of
560:
Also, the diagram can be color-coded in order to bring out the interrelationships between its elements more clearly; in the version included above, the positive or asserting parts of the diagram are shown in black, while the negative or denying parts of the diagram are in red. This is similar to the
163:
The links are non-directional—this is emphasized in one thirteenth-century manuscript by writing the link captions "EST" or "NON EST" twice as many times (going in both directions within each link)—and is shown in some modern versions of the diagram by superimposing each occurrence of the "is" / "is
794:
556:
Obviously, many further slight artistic variations can occur in the relative sizes of nodes and links, their exact placement, in lettering styles, in further decorative elaboration, etc. Occasionally one or more of the outer nodes is drawn as a non-circular shape to fit within a space allotted.
594:
the top right or "dexter chief", when considered from the point of view of someone holding the shield from behind). And in the form of the diagram with one vertex up, the caption "PATER" or Father is always placed in the topmost node. The placement of the captions "FILIUS" or Son and "SPIRITUS
453:
Gules, an orle and pall Argent, conjoined and surmounted of four plates, occupying the dexter and sinister chief and the base and fess points respectively; the first inscribed "Pater", the second "Filius", and the third "Spiritus
Sanctus", the centre "Deus"; the connecting portions of the orle
322:, and from the 17th century to the early 19th century, it was mainly of interest to historians of heraldry; but beginning in the 19th century it underwent a limited revival as an actively used Christian symbol among English-speaking Christians, partly due to being included in books such as the
622:
The diagram below shows the earliest and most recent major variants of the "Shield of the
Trinity" diagram: On the left, the form attested in various manuscripts c. 1208–1260 AD, and on the right the form popularized among some English-speaking Protestants in recent years by
1006:
618:
verse 1:14). However, when this form of the Shield of the
Trinity diagram with one vertex down is used after the 13th century, the Son is much more often placed in the top right node, and the Holy Spirit in the bottom node (as shown in the illustrations above).
205:
The Shield of the
Trinity is not generally intended to be any kind of schematic diagram of the structure of God, but instead is merely a compact visual device from which the above statements (contained in or implied by the Athanasian Creed) can be read off.
602:
is drawn in the link between the center node and the bottom node, in order to symbolize the idea that the Second Person of the
Trinity entered into the world (or that "The Word was made flesh", as is stated in a Latin annotation on the diagram included in
1030:
261:
The precise origin of this diagram is unknown, but it was evidently influenced by 12th-century experiments in symbolizing the
Trinity in abstract visual form—mainly by Petrus Alfonsi's Tetragrammaton-Trinity diagram of c. 1109 (and possibly also by
774:
and the De Quincy
Apocalypse (Lambeth palace ms. 209, folio 53r) are not online, but are shown in the Michael Evans journal article (also, a full-page color reproduction of the Lambeth Apocalypse illustration is on page 48 of the Rodney Dennys
1012:
728:
271:
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As the First Person of the
Trinity, the Father is always in the most honorable position in the diagram. So in the form of the diagram with one vertex down, the caption "PATER" or Father is always placed in the top left node (which is
994:
561:
version of the Shield of the
Trinity present in a 15th-century stained glass window in St. Peter and St. Paul church, Fressingfield, Suffolk, England (where only the positive or asserting parts of the diagram are shown—see link
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988:
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was the liturgical language and main language of scholarship of
Western Europe, so that Latin captions were then most often used (but at least one old rendition of the diagram in another language is attested in the c. 1260
517:
In the Middle Ages, the shield-shaped version of the diagram was sometimes imagined as a protective shield wielded by the Archangel Michael, or by an ordinary soul, in the spiritual warfare against dark forces described in
160:(Latin "DEUS"), while the three links connecting the center node with the outer nodes are labelled "is" (Latin "EST"), and the three links connecting the outer nodes to each other are labelled "is not" (Latin "NON EST").
135:
This diagram consists of four nodes (generally circular in shape) interconnected by six links. The three nodes at the edge of the diagram are labelled with the names of the three persons of the Trinity (traditionally the
1196:
with symbolic representations of the three persons of the Trinity filling the three outer nodes — Trinity Episcopal Church, Lawrence, Kansas (photo is contained in PDF file on all the stained-glass windows in the
767:(British Museum additional manuscript 42555, c. 1262) contains a form of the Shield of the Trinity, according to the Michael Evans journal article (however, without text, and with a superimposed central cross).
1053:
1036:
650:, 1989) have been of the opinion that the form of the diagram with one vertex down and the captions "PATER" and "FILIUS" in the two top nodes is more appropriate for Western Christianity with its
1389:"Church Symbolism: An Explanation of the more Important Symbols of the Old and New Testament, the Primitive, the Mediaeval and the Modern Church" by Frederick Roth Webber (2nd. edition, 1938).
357:
The particular phrase "Shield of the Trinity", which is now the most common name for the diagram in English, didn't come into regular use until the 20th century. However, it is called in Latin
537:; this rounded form also occurs with one vertex down and two up. The outer node captions can be reduced to simple initials ("P", "F", and "SS"). On the coat of arms of Trinity Parish, Jersey
2952:
381:, England. Other variant names are "Arms of the Trinity", "Shield of the Blessed Trinity", "Emblem of the Trinity", "Arms of the Faith", "Emblem of the Holy and Undivided Trinity", etc.
785:
658:)—though this hyper-refined interpretation does not agree with 13th-century usage, nor with the use of versions of the diagram with one vertex up by modern Catholics and Protestants.
1434:
1385:(Contains descriptions and photos of most known surviving 13th-century diagrams, including experimental attempts to use the basic structure of the diagram for other purposes)
278:, but the period of its most widespread use was during the 15th and 16th centuries, when it is in found in a number of English and French manuscripts and books (such as the
502:
Other variant forms of the diagram have the lettering on nodes and links with a yellow background color (instead of white), since "or" (i.e. gold/yellow) is the other
4275:
881:
342:
The only name for this diagram which was in any regular use during the Middle Ages was "Scutum Fidei" (a Latin phrase meaning "Shield of the Faith", taken from the
2233:
1398:(Convenient overview from the point of view of Christian symbolism; also, the earliest attestation of the exact phrase "Shield of the Trinity" that I can find)
635:. Note that in the 13th-century manuscripts, the cross is often drawn as a detailed artistic illumination of Christ on the cross, which is not attempted here.
541:, all four node captions are reduced to single initials, and in some late medieval English church decorations (such as the bench end at Holy Trinity church,
1139:, in seasonal liturgical colors of white and green, with symbols of the three Persons of the Trinity — North Salem Lutheran Church, Sandusky, Ohio
214:
4338:
2516:
2386:
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being used as a symbol of the Trinity ), in combination with the Athanasian Creed. The Shield of the Trinity diagram is attested from as early as a
1427:
1048:
699:
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not" text on a double-headed arrow ↔ (rather than enclosing it within a link). So the following twelve propositions can be read off the diagram:
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654:, while the form of the diagram with one vertex up represents more closely the doctrine of the Trinity in Eastern Christianity (without the
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could also be left out of the English translations of the outer node captions, as in the next illustration below.) In the Middle Ages,
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See the coat of arms attributed to St. Michael ("Sent Myhell") in a 15th-century (c. 1460?) heraldic manuscript in the image at right.
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Finally, a version of the diagram with translated English-language captions is shown in the illustration above. (For simplicity, the
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in late medieval England consist of a diagram with lettering on yellow, placed on a red or blue shield, while the parish of the
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156:("SPIRITUS SANCTUS"). The node in the center of the diagram (within the triangle formed by the other three nodes) is labelled
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682:(Southern Germany, c. 1490), with blue shield color, instead of the red used for the coat of arms of God in England.
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of God (and of the Trinity) by heralds in 15th-century England and France. The "banner of the Trinity" which
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In the 13th-century versions of the diagram, the caption "FILIUS" is placed in the bottom node, and often a
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894:, Fressingfield, Suffolk, England (shows only the "positive" parts of the diagram, as discussed above)
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553:) the four connected circles are intended as a symbol of the Trinity even when all text is omitted.
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have the diagram on a green shield (heraldic "vert"), which is also found in the coat of arms of
425:
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from the mid-13th century, when a shield-shaped version of the diagram (not actually placed on a
1155:— Our Savior's Lutheran Church in Port Orange, Florida (for artist's draft of design, see
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uses a diagram with lettering on white or yellow nodes and links, placed on a green shield.
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on a red flag instead of a red shield). This coat of arms was given the following heraldic
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1251:"Diagram of the Shield of the Trinity, in a Compilation of John of Wallingford's Works"
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266:'s different Tetragrammaton-Trinity diagram of three circles, which in turn led to the
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A few authors of 20th-century books on Christian symbolism (such as Edward N. West in
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The diagram on a blue shield (heraldic "azure") was the coat of arms of the Priory of
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The earliest and most recent major variations of the "Shield of the Trinity" diagram.
604:
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A shield-shaped version of the diagram placed on a red shield (heraldic "gules") was
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of diagram in circular form — Lehigh Valley Presbyterian Church, Pennsylvania
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chapter 6 (as in the c. 1260 allegorical illustrations in manuscripts of Peraldus'
413:
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Some variations of the Shield of the Trinity diagram are shown in the image below:
104:
1303:
1268:
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1136:
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up and two down was apparently popularized in the modern period by the Audsleys'
354:'s writings, the quote from Ephesians 6:16 is placed directly above the diagram.
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1999:
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1408:(Probably the earliest significant source for the 19th-century revival of use)
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257:("vice versa") in the link captions to clarify that links are bidirectional.
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Triangular form of the diagram with one vertex up, as found in an 1896 book
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1045:(ceiling, one of the few 17th-century uses of the diagram, without nodes)
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826:
A redrawn version of the arms of the monastery of Christ Church, London
801:
printed by Simon Vostre in Paris in 1524 (also reproduced in vol. 2 of
611:
546:
468:
440:
in "On Sacred Heraldry" by E.L. Blackburne (attached as Appendix II to
343:
306:, while the c. 1260 allegorical illustrations of a knight battling the
112:
1381:
1070:
Embroidered church decoration (with decorative outer "Sanctus" circle)
442:
Emblems of the Saints, By which they are Distinguished in Works of Art
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2156:
2024:
1412:
454:
between them having the words "non est", and those of the pall "est".
437:
433:
295:
120:
237:-Trinity diagram, a probable precursor to the Shield of the Trinity.
595:
SANCTUS" or Holy Spirit in the remaining two outer nodes can vary.
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100:
80:
1054:
Church of the Saviour (United Methodist), Cleveland Heights, Ohio
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1922:
479:
and the modern coat of arms of the Anglican diocese of Trinidad
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2723:
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2573:
2398:
1416:
1402:"Handbook of Christian Symbolism" by William James Audsley and
1149:— Messiah Evangelical Lutheran Church, Sterling, Illinois
749:
C. 1247–1258 manuscript of John of Wallingford's writings
218:
Earliest attested version of the diagram, from a manuscript of
4114:
3601:
3501:
581:
French allegorical illustration in the De Quincy Apocalypse).
18:
350:
verse 6:16). For example, in this c. 1247–1258 manuscript of
283:
1171:
of diagram in circular form — Holy Trinity, Avon, Ohio
828:
can be seen as part of the on-line version of the 1894 book
585:
Orientation of diagram, and placement of outer node captions
3284:
404:
1833 reconstruction of the Agincourt banner of the Trinity
985:(pulpit decoration, shield-shaped diagram on red shield)
843:
Depiction by 16th-century Spanish artist Jerónimo Cosida
751:— Cotton Julius D. VII folio 3v at British Library
662:
Links to depictions of the Shield of the Trinity diagram
475:(see also the 15th-century coat of arms attributed to
1177:, Most Sacred Heart Catholic Church, Eureka, Missouri
499:
or the Trinity liturgical season in some traditions.
298:) was included among the c. 1250 heraldic shields in
745:— Durham Cathedral manuscript A.III.12, f. 14v
111:
which expresses many aspects of the doctrine of the
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1973:
1913:
1689:
1641:
1574:
1507:
1459:
1450:
743:
C. 1230 manuscript of Robert Grosseteste's writings
670:
Arms attributed to St. Michael in the 15th century.
529:A symmetrical rounded form of the diagram with one
648:Outward Signs: The Language of Christian Symbolism
923:Photographs of stained-glass windows on Flickr:
759:or "A Treatise on the Vices" by William Peraldus
1374:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
1372:of Vice: Harleian MS 3244" by Michael Evans in
1145:of Shield of Trinity diagram as symbol of the
983:Holy Trinity church, Bottisham, Cambridgeshire
16:Visual symbol expressing the Christian Trinity
3300:
1428:
1066:— St Oswald's, Sowerby, North Yorkshire
484:
448:, edited by Augustus Jessopp, 3rd.ed. 1882):
284:stained-glass windows and ornamental carvings
8:
549:and the font at St John the Baptist church,
396:Four variants of the "Shield of the Trinity"
780:15th- or 16th-century manuscripts and books
4047:
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3763:
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1513:
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1435:
1421:
1413:
1265:"Borromean Rings in Christian Iconography"
969:Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford, Suffolk
954:Holy Cross Church, Gilling East, Yorkshire
731:Compendium Historiae in Genealogia Christi
276:Compendium Historiae in Genealogia Christi
1043:St Mary the Virgin, Bromfield, Shropshire
733:by Peter of Poitiers (Petrus Pictavensis)
633:Charts of Christian Theology and Doctrine
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1064:Circular diagram on stained-glass window
920:at All Saints, Wighton, Norfolk, England
837:15th- or 16th-century church decorations
685:
103:for "shield of faith") is a traditional
32:This article includes a list of general
1368:"An Illustrated Fragment of Peraldus's
1364:(Good historic and heraldic references)
1238:
1076:Stained glass window with trefoil nodes
995:Saint-Maurice-des-Champs, Lille. France
432:would have been the same (but with the
361:or "Shield of the Holy Trinity" (where
123:, this emblem was considered to be the
119:in a compact diagram. In late medieval
2865:Conditional preservation of the saints
1244:
1242:
1137:Banner for the first Sunday of Trinity
959:St. Andrew's Church, Greystoke Cumbria
927:St. Peter and St. Paul, Salle, Norfolk
761:— Harley 3244 folios 27–28
1001:Grace Episcopal Church, Decorah, Iowa
815:in an early 15th-century manuscript (
85:Basic "Shield of the Trinity" diagram
7:
1060:with diagram engraved in its center)
1031:Holy Trinity, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex
830:A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry
765:Folio 38r of the Abingdon Apocalypse
678:A full "coat of arms of God" in the
115:, summarizing the first part of the
2751:Christian views on the Old Covenant
813:The illustration for Trinity Sunday
198:"The Holy Spirit is not the Father"
189:"The Father is not the Holy Spirit"
1376:, vol. 45 (1982), pp. 14–68.
878:Carved baptismal font without text
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3872:Attributes of God in Christianity
3182:Attributes of God in Christianity
1007:Saint Brigid Church, Dublin, Ohio
755:C. 1255–1265 manuscript of
729:C. 1208–1216 manuscript of
286:in a number of churches (many in
4299:
3266:
1290:"Sacred Texts: Sherborne Missal"
1218:
201:"The Holy Spirit is not the Son"
195:"The Son is not the Holy Spirit"
23:
4339:Christianity in the Middle Ages
3930:Great Architect of the Universe
1072:— Mary Magdalene, Lincoln
1037:Christ Church cathedral, Dublin
1013:St Peter's, Strumpshaw, Norfolk
795:Redrawn version of illustration
770:The diagrams in Matthew Paris'
631:and H. Wayne House's 1992 book
535:Handbook of Christian Symbolism
526:and the De Quincy Apocalypse).
324:Handbook of Christian Symbolism
3255:Lists of Christian theologians
2953:Separation of church and state
1358:"The Heraldic Imagination" by
1304:"Suffolk Churches: Blythburgh"
1194:Elaborate stained-glass window
1025:Holy Trinity Church, Leicester
1019:St Swithin's, Bintree, Norfolk
977:Some modern church decorations
914:, Blythburgh, Suffolk, England
629:The Moody Handbook of Theology
1:
3709:Trinity of the Church Fathers
3260:Outline of Christian theology
2224:History of Christian theology
939:All Saints' church, Cambridge
127:of God (and of the Trinity).
3034:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
1133:, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire
1094:— St Andrew, Newcastle
1088:— St Andrew, Newcastle
854:, Yarmouth, Norfolk, England
819:) at British Library online.
700:Anglican diocese of Trinidad
506:. So the arms attributed to
420:, Seigneur of St. Remy, and
377:in Crosthwaite Church, near
3960:Phenomenological definition
3202:Love of God in Christianity
3070:Christian reconstructionism
2838:Priesthood of all believers
1759:extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
1332:"Feast of the Holy Trinity"
1080:St Andrew's Church, Wissett
989:St Mary, Sedgeford, Norfolk
698:Modern coat of arms of the
192:"The Son is not the Father"
186:"The Father is not the Son"
4360:
1318:"Suffolk Churches: Butley"
949:St Peter Mancroft, Norwich
904:, Butley, Suffolk, England
874:, Nacton, Suffolk, England
786:"Scutum fidei Christianae"
465:monastery of Christ Church
4297:
4046:
4035:
3335:
3322:
3250:
2732:
2719:
2682:
2669:
2582:
2569:
2407:
2394:
2234:Calvinist–Arminian debate
1698:
1516:
864:, Salle, Norfolk, England
477:St. Michael the Archangel
253:, c. 1255–1265. Includes
3714:Trinitarian universalism
2971:Confessional Lutheranism
1189:St. Catherine University
1114:, Longstanton, Cambridge
723:13th-century manuscripts
495:. Green is the color of
485:13th-century manuscripts
369:form for more classical
359:Scutum Sancte Trinitatis
290:). The diagram was used
183:"God is the Holy Spirit"
174:"The Holy Spirit is God"
3916:Godhead in Christianity
2833:Protestant ecclesiology
2576:Eastern Orthodox Church
1181:1937 version of diagram
944:Allington, Lincolnshire
272:c. 1208–1216 manuscript
53:more precise citations.
4344:Nature of Jesus Christ
3187:Christian universalism
3123:Wesleyan Quadrilateral
3113:Imparted righteousness
2996:Lutheran scholasticism
2850:Protestant Soteriology
1404:George Ashdown Audsley
1203:on the chapel wall of
1027:(stained glass window)
1021:(stained glass window)
1015:(stained glass window)
1009:(stained glass window)
1003:(stained glass window)
991:(stained glass window)
892:St. Peter and St. Paul
862:St. Peter and St. Paul
719:
712:Trinity Parish, Jersey
703:
691:
683:
671:
643:
610:which quotes from the
504:heraldic "metal" color
405:
397:
332:George Ashdown Audsley
274:of Peter of Poitiers'
258:
238:
233:'s early 12th-century
223:
86:
3742:Fate of the unlearned
3694:Shield of the Trinity
3197:Grace in Christianity
3011:Theology of the Cross
2452:Immaculate Conception
2147:New Covenant theology
1566:Social trinitarianism
807:Christian Iconography
709:
697:
689:
677:
669:
641:
403:
395:
328:William James Audsley
244:
229:
217:
142:scribal abbreviations
91:Shield of the Trinity
84:
3118:Second work of grace
3108:Christian perfection
2976:Evangelical Catholic
2860:Conditional election
2778:Evangelical theology
2417:Apostolic succession
1733:Conditional Security
1169:Stained glass window
1163:Stained glass window
1143:Stained glass window
1127:Stained-glass window
1118:Stained-glass window
1108:Stained-glass window
1098:Stained-glass window
1092:Stained-glass window
1086:Stained-glass window
1033:(ceiling decoration)
902:St. John the Baptist
888:Stained glass window
858:Stained-glass window
680:Wernigerode Armorial
222:' writings, c. 1210.
4276:Slavic Native Faith
3699:Trinitarian formula
3636:Father of Greatness
3519:Abrahamic religions
3273:Christianity portal
3242:Unlimited atonement
3049:Prosperity theology
2880:Unlimited atonement
2592:Cataphatic theology
2497:Papal infallibility
2442:Ecumenical Councils
2294:Counter-Reformation
1226:Christianity portal
1049:Design in 1891 book
882:St Michael's Church
352:John of Wallingford
310:in a manuscript of
177:"God is the Father"
168:"The Father is God"
4238:Abrahamic prophecy
4168:Ayyavazhi theology
3940:Apophatic theology
3329:Conceptions of God
3085:Lordship salvation
2991:Lutheran orthodoxy
2943:Believer's baptism
2676:Oriental Orthodoxy
2587:Apophatic theology
2547:Transubstantiation
2432:Christian humanism
2422:Assumption of Mary
1444:Christian theology
1353:General references
1292:. British Library.
1253:. British Library.
1104:, Brathay, Cumbria
964:Sedgeford, Norfolk
720:
704:
692:
684:
672:
644:
426:Henry V of England
406:
398:
282:), and as part of
259:
239:
224:
87:
4324:Christian symbols
4311:
4310:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
3922:Latter Day Saints
3891:Divine simplicity
3812:
3811:
3669:Consubstantiality
3645:
3644:
3496:
3495:
3440:Theistic finitism
3282:
3281:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3149:Messianic Judaism
2948:Immersion baptism
2900:Anglo-Catholicism
2761:Dispensationalism
2756:Covenant theology
2715:
2714:
2707:Aphthartodocetism
2665:
2664:
2565:
2564:
2210:
2209:
2090:Dispensationalism
2057:Church discipline
1909:
1908:
1889:Union with Christ
1661:Angelic hierarchy
1637:
1636:
1187:in collection at
1131:St. Mary's Church
932:(alternate photo)
308:seven deadly sins
220:Peter of Poitiers
79:
78:
71:
4351:
4303:
4048:
4037:
3924:
3764:
3659:Athanasian Creed
3509:
3346:
3337:
3324:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3286:
3270:
3062:
2870:Prevenient grace
2734:
2721:
2671:
2602:Essence–energies
2571:
2512:Quartodecimanism
2396:
2392:
2304:Great Awakenings
1939:Incurvatus in se
1696:
1593:Hypostatic union
1514:
1484:Biblical studies
1457:
1437:
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1277:
1276:
1267:. Archived from
1261:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1201:Stone bas-relief
1153:Floor decoration
1147:Athanasian Creed
918:Textless carving
832:by James Parker.
817:Sherborne Missal
790:Jerome of Prague
739:B. VII folio 42v
710:Coat of arms of
570:definite article
512:Forest, Guernsey
379:Keswick, Cumbria
312:William Peraldus
280:Sherborne Missal
264:Joachim of Fiore
247:William Peraldus
180:"God is the Son"
171:"The Son is God"
152:("FILIUS"), and
117:Athanasian Creed
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
4359:
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4305:Religion portal
4285:
4262:
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4205:Holy Scriptures
4177:
4154:
4042:
4023:
3984:
3920:
3896:Divine presence
3860:
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3762:
3718:
3664:Comma Johanneum
3641:
3606:
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3492:
3449:
3331:
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3313:
3283:
3278:
3246:
3237:Problem of Hell
3232:Problem of evil
3212:Omnibenevolence
3158:
3127:
3094:
3060:
3053:
3020:
3001:Neo-Lutheranism
2986:Loci Theologici
2957:
2929:
2886:
2875:Total depravity
2843:Church covenant
2814:Soli Deo gloria
2766:Supersessionism
2728:
2711:
2678:
2661:
2578:
2561:
2403:
2401:Catholic Church
2381:
2308:
2259:Semipelagianism
2206:
2117:A-millennialism
2066:
1969:
1965:Total depravity
1945:Occasion of sin
1905:
1685:
1633:
1570:
1546:Theology proper
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772:Chronica Majora
737:Cotton Faustina
725:
716:Channel Islands
664:
608:Chronica Majora
587:
551:Butley, Suffolk
446:F. C. Husenbeth
422:Jehan de Wavrin
387:
340:
304:Chronica Majora
268:Borromean rings
212:
154:The Holy Spirit
133:
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58:
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45:Please help to
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24:
17:
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4329:Trinitarianism
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4215:Predestination
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4070:Biblical canon
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3865:Other concepts
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3737:Apocalypticism
3734:
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3701:
3696:
3691:
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3651:Trinitarianism
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3566:Zoroastrianism
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3398:Urmonotheismus
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3154:Restorationism
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3125:
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3110:
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3090:Predestination
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3066:
3064:
3055:
3054:
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3026:Pentecostalist
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2828:Fundamentalism
2825:
2821:Solus Christus
2817:
2810:
2807:Sola scriptura
2803:
2796:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2773:Evangelicalism
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2769:
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2552:Ultramontanism
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2514:
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2462:Infant baptism
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2159:
2154:
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2138:Apocalypticism
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2130:
2125:
2120:
2105:Millenarianism
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2052:Full communion
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2016:
2011:
2009:Congregational
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1807:Means of grace
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497:Trinity Sunday
489:Trinity Parish
483:). Two of the
473:City of London
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251:Summa Vitiorum
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231:Petrus Alfonsi
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4356:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4248:Denominations
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4220:Last Judgment
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4034:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3980:Unmoved mover
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3881:Binitarianism
3879:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3602:Supreme Being
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:Gender of God
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Kathenotheism
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:Faith healing
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Center church
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:Branch theory
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2726:Protestantism
2722:
2718:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:Monothelitism
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:Monophysitism
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:Sacerdotalism
2520:
2518:
2517:Real presence
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
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2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Scholasticism
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Caesaropapism
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:Apostolic Age
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2202:War in Heaven
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:Second Coming
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:New Jerusalem
2175:
2173:
2172:Millennialism
2170:
2168:
2167:Last Judgment
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1890:
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1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
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1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:Mortification
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Justification
1800:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Glorification
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:
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1726:
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1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
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1688:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Fallen angels
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
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1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Impassibility
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
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1529:
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1487:
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1480:
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1415:
1409:
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1401:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:Rodney Dennys
1357:
1356:
1352:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1271:on 2012-04-14
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1216:
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1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
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1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Waltham Abbey
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:(floor inlay)
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
933:
930:
929:
928:
925:
924:
922:
919:
916:
913:
909:
906:
903:
899:
896:
893:
889:
886:
884:, Framlingham
883:
879:
876:
873:
869:
866:
863:
859:
856:
853:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
831:
827:
824:
821:
818:
814:
811:
808:
804:
800:
799:Book of Hours
796:
793:
791:
787:
784:
783:
779:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:
758:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
734:
732:
727:
726:
722:
717:
713:
708:
701:
696:
688:
681:
676:
668:
661:
659:
657:
653:
649:
640:
636:
634:
630:
626:
620:
617:
613:
609:
606:
601:
596:
593:
584:
582:
580:
575:
571:
566:
564:
558:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
515:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
455:
451:
450:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:displayed at
427:
423:
419:
418:Jean Le Fevre
415:
411:
402:
394:
390:
384:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:Protestantism
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
300:Matthew Paris
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
256:
252:
248:
243:
236:
232:
228:
221:
216:
209:
207:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
165:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
130:
128:
126:
125:heraldic arms
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:
92:
83:
73:
70:
62:
59:February 2017
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
4115:Hamartiology
4100:Ecclesiology
4090:Pneumatology
3999:Christianity
3990:Names of God
3965:Philo's view
3955:Personal god
3935:Great Spirit
3874: /
3831:Christianity
3693:
3689:Perichoresis
3592:Emanationism
3534:Christianity
3524:Baháʼí Faith
3502:Singular god
3475:
3435:Spiritualism
3271:
3222:Omnipresence
3192:Divine mercy
3016:Two kingdoms
2910:Broad church
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2697:Monoenergism
2687:Miaphysitism
2387:By tradition
2327:Biblical law
2279:Conciliarism
2145: /
2115: /
2111: /
2042:Conciliarity
2019:Presbyterian
1975:Ecclesiology
1950:Original sin
1937:
1928:Anthropology
1915:Hamartiology
1864:Resurrection
1854:Regeneration
1829:Perseverance
1823:Ordo salutis
1821:
1785:Irresistible
1757:
1753:Eternal life
1743:Divinization
1618:Resurrection
1561:Perichoresis
1551:Immutability
1536:Pneumatology
1499:Hermeneutics
1474:Preservation
1407:
1397:
1384:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1339:. Retrieved
1336:faith.nd.edu
1335:
1326:
1312:
1298:
1284:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:the original
1259:
1102:Holy Trinity
912:Holy Trinity
852:St. Nicholas
829:
806:
771:
756:
730:
647:
645:
632:
628:
627:' 1989 book
625:Paul P. Enns
621:
607:
597:
592:heraldically
588:
579:Anglo-Norman
567:
559:
555:
534:
528:
523:
516:
501:
461:Black Canons
458:
452:
441:
424:attest that
407:
388:
370:
362:
358:
356:
341:
323:
315:
303:
292:heraldically
275:
260:
254:
250:
204:
162:
134:
96:Scutum Fidei
95:
94:
90:
88:
65:
56:
37:
4173:Krishnology
4150:Soteriology
4105:Eschatology
4085:Christology
3950:Open theism
3906:Exotheology
3804:Zoroastrian
3767:By religion
3724:Eschatology
3679:Homoiousian
3632:Ahura Mazda
3410:Panentheism
3373:Hermeticism
3227:Omniscience
3217:Omnipotence
3207:Love of God
3061:(Calvinist)
3044:Glossolalia
2920:High church
2800:Sola gratia
2642:Tabor Light
2627:Proskynesis
2612:Metousiosis
2607:Gnomic will
2492:Natural law
2467:Josephology
2457:Indulgences
2322:Apologetics
2289:Reformation
2284:Renaissance
2197:Tribulation
2080:Historicism
2072:Eschatology
1770:Forgiveness
1691:Soteriology
1629:Holy Spirit
1613:Incarnation
1531:Christology
1469:Inspiration
1205:Howard Hall
1185:Ade Bethune
908:Inscription
788:diagram of
539:shown below
493:shown below
481:shown below
288:East Anglia
148:("PATER"),
131:Description
51:introducing
4318:Categories
4258:Philosophy
4145:Sophiology
4125:Philosophy
4120:Messianism
4080:Paterology
3684:Hypostasis
3674:Homoousian
3505:theologies
3445:Theopanism
3430:Polytheism
3393:Monotheism
3368:Henotheism
3144:Anabaptism
3080:Free Grace
2925:Low church
2557:Veneration
2502:Priesthood
2412:Absolution
2352:Missiology
2342:Homiletics
2264:Iconoclasm
2249:Patristics
2216:Historical
2192:Soul sleep
2133:Apocalypse
2128:Antichrist
2030:Historical
2000:Missiology
1988:Confession
1859:Repentance
1849:Redemption
1797:Imputation
1790:Prevenient
1738:Conversion
1703:Absolution
1526:Paterology
1521:Attributes
1452:Systematic
1341:2021-12-22
1275:2012-04-07
1212:References
1112:All Saints
872:St. Martin
543:Blythburgh
410:attributed
385:Variations
255:e converso
146:The Father
144:thereof):
140:names, or
34:references
4135:Practical
4130:Political
4095:Cosmology
4052:Christian
3911:Holocaust
3901:Egotheism
3856:Goddesses
3851:Mormonism
3779:Christian
3732:Afterlife
3618:Sustainer
3425:Polydeism
3420:Pantheism
3405:Mysticism
3388:Monolatry
3383:Nontheism
3363:Dystheism
3139:Adventism
3059:Reformed
2855:Assurance
2793:Sola fide
2746:Adiaphora
2657:Theotokos
2637:Symphonia
2632:Sobornost
2622:Phyletism
2532:Sainthood
2527:Sacrament
2507:Purgatory
2487:Modernism
2477:Mariology
2372:Political
2347:Liturgics
2332:Education
2314:Practical
2229:Orthodoxy
2152:End times
2123:Adventism
2100:Preterism
2014:Episcopal
1993:Eucharist
1983:Sacrament
1879:Synergism
1869:Salvation
1812:Monergism
1718:Atonement
1713:Assurance
1643:Cosmology
1623:Ascension
1461:Scripture
1233:Footnotes
1082:, Suffolk
520:Ephesians
508:St. Faith
491:, Jersey
430:Agincourt
373:) on the
348:Ephesians
105:Christian
4334:Heraldry
4253:Kabbalah
4200:Prophets
4075:Glossary
4041:By faith
4004:Hinduism
3886:Demiurge
3876:in Islam
3836:Hinduism
3826:Buddhism
3818:Feminist
3774:Buddhist
3582:Absolute
3575:Concepts
3551:Hinduism
3546:Buddhism
3512:By faith
3476:and gods
3468:Divinity
3454:Concepts
3415:Pandeism
3316:Theology
3175:See also
3100:Wesleyan
2963:Lutheran
2892:Anglican
2617:Phronema
2447:Filioque
2427:Dogmatic
2367:Polemics
2362:Pastoral
2143:Covenant
2095:Futurism
2085:Idealism
2062:Shunning
2047:Koinonia
1960:Theodicy
1933:The Fall
1899:Blessing
1748:Election
1708:Adoption
1681:Theodicy
1666:Humanity
1651:Creation
1489:Exegesis
1479:Canonics
1406:(1865).
1362:(1975).
1129:—
1120:—
1110:—
1100:—
1078:—
805:'s 1843
735:—
656:Filioque
652:Filioque
367:medieval
334:(1865).
4243:Aggadah
4191:Oneness
4183:Islamic
4065:Outline
4060:History
4019:Judaism
4014:Jainism
3970:Process
3945:Olelbis
3846:Judaism
3789:Islamic
3704:Trinity
3587:Brahman
3561:Sikhism
3556:Jainism
3529:Judaism
3481:Goddess
3006:Pietism
2981:Haugean
2935:Baptist
2790: (
2738:General
2652:Theosis
2647:Theoria
2597:Economy
2542:Thomism
2537:Scotism
2472:Liturgy
2299:Pietism
2274:Thomism
2182:Rapture
2107: (
2007: (
1894:Worship
1884:Theosis
1728:Calling
1723:Baptism
1591: (
1576:Trinity
1197:church)
1058:lectern
797:from a
612:Vulgate
547:Suffolk
471:in the
469:Aldgate
467:) near
412:as the
371:sanctae
344:Vulgate
210:History
150:The Son
113:Trinity
107:visual
47:improve
4281:Wiccan
4230:Jewish
4210:Angels
4140:Public
4110:Ethics
3799:Taoist
3794:Jewish
3754:Heaven
3611:God as
3341:Theism
2377:Public
2337:Ethics
2157:Heaven
2025:Bishop
2005:Polity
1656:Angels
1584:Father
1395:236708
1393:
1382:750966
1380:
803:Didron
775:book).
531:vertex
438:blazon
434:emblem
363:sancte
296:shield
121:Europe
109:symbol
36:, but
4268:Pagan
4160:Hindu
4009:Islam
3841:Islam
3784:Hindu
3747:Fitra
3597:Logos
3539:Islam
3488:Numen
3463:Deity
3358:Deism
3349:Forms
3132:Other
3075:TULIP
2787:solae
2785:Five
2357:Moral
2244:Canon
2113:Post-
2037:Synod
1780:Grace
1765:Faith
1676:Satan
1603:Logos
1598:Jesus
1378:JSTOR
1370:Summa
600:cross
574:Latin
563:below
365:is a
245:From
101:Latin
3975:Tian
3758:Hell
3628:Good
3623:Time
2482:Mass
2162:Hell
2109:Pre-
1923:Adam
1391:OCLC
1157:here
898:Font
868:Font
848:Boss
616:John
414:arms
375:font
338:Name
330:and
89:The
4195:God
4193:of
1955:Sin
1589:Son
1509:God
1183:by
910:at
900:at
890:at
880:at
870:at
860:at
850:at
614:of
565:).
444:by
346:of
326:by
158:God
93:or
4320::
3992:in
3756:/
3634:,
1334:.
1241:^
809:).
718:).
545:,
314:'
302:'
249:'
3638:)
3630:(
3308:e
3301:t
3294:v
2824:)
2119:)
2021:)
1625:)
1436:e
1429:t
1422:v
1344:.
1320:.
1306:.
1278:.
1207:.
1159:)
1056:(
714:(
702:.
463:(
99:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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