96:
277:
Australian historian Greg
Poulgrain remarked that "whoever in Washington authorized the return of Nishijima and his compatriots should also be seen as having contributed to Indonesian independence". Nishijima was received with a hero's treatment during his visit to Jakarta in 1991. During a 1958
181:
He then participated in a meeting at Maeda's house when the
Indonesian Proclamation of Independence was drafted, and with his help copies of the text were printed by the Naval Office' press. He was arrested as a war criminal by December 1946, but was released and returned to Japan.
259:, which published works related to the Japanese military administration of Indonesia. Though the research topic was largely neglected during the 1960s and early 1970s, Japanese scholars who were part of the research group was given more attention by the late 1970s and 1980s. The
263:(Study of Japanese Military Administration in Indonesia) was published in 1959, and his works and memoirs was donated to Waseda in 1971, compiled, and published in 1973 as "The Nishijima Collection". He gave an interview for the
865:
47:. Moreover, in an interview Nishijima remarked that his political leanings resulted in him being arrested three times in the 1930s, with two years' imprisonment after his third arrest. He had also studied
850:
31:. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, he was a lobbyist and an intermediary, linking Japanese and Indonesian interests. Later on, he became a scholar of and published memoirs of his time in Indonesia.
178:
did not cause issues during the negotiations between the nationalist leaders and the
Japanese occupation force, primarily to stop interference from Japanese guards.
24:
269:
newspaper in
October 2000, as likely the last living witness of the formulation of the proclamation text. He died at the age of 95, on 9 December 2006.
214:
agent Clyde McAvoy noted that
Nishijima was a vital intermediary between him and Malik (which involved funding anti-communist groups following the
83:
broke, Nishijima was arrested on
December 8, 1941, and along with some 1,700 Japanese nationals, was detained by Dutch authorities and interned in
118:
Nishijima then worked with the
Japanese Navy Liaison Office in Jakarta, where he reestablished his contacts with Indonesian nationalists such as
229:, and through negotiations helped establish relations between the oil company and the Japanese "Kobayashi Group" (coordinated by industrialist
115:. Dutch security forces failed to identify Nishijima as a naval spy, as he was listed as a businessman in the Dutch intelligence documents.
79:
as a naval spy. During his time working in the Indies, he established contacts and connections with
Indonesian nationalists. When the
772:
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542:
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After a rejection of his visa in 1951 due to "official sensitivity", Nishijima returned to
Indonesia in March 1953 in order to meet
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28:
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75:, where he worked at a Japanese trading company's chain of department stores. By 1941, he was hired by Rear Admiral
108:
450:
84:
855:
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111:, Nishijima was repatriated in 1942 (alongside 834 other internees in a prisoner exchange) and was sent to
39:
Nishijima was born on 4 June 1911. According to himself, he was expelled from his high school due to his
19:(西嶋重忠) (4 June 1911 – 9 December 2006) was a Japanese scholar, former spy and lobbyist. He was active in
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134:(a school intended to train future Indonesian leaders), with Nishijima and his fellow Japanese agent
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to discuss war reparations. Discovering Japan's poor image in
Indonesian media, he mediated for
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67:, he arrived in the Dutch East Indies in July 1937. Between 1937 and 1941, Nishijima lived in
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After being recruited by the Japanese Naval Intelligence to study Japanese influence in the
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210:. Nishijima built relations with Adam Malik in particular, and in a 2005 interview former
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158:(who were missing from Jakarta, as they were kidnapped by nationalist youths and held in
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to return both leaders to Jakarta. He was then assigned to help Indonesian nationalists
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to Japan, he gave Nishijima a letter meant to be a tribute to other Japanese agents
240:), which eventually culminated in the formation of Nosodeco to exploit oilfields in
561:
Tensions of Empire: Japan and Southeast Asia in the Colonial and Postcolonial World
171:
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244:. Nishijima, alongside Maeda, were also involved in negotiating oil contracts in
784:"The Loveday Exchange, Australia, 1942: The Japanese Naval Spies Return to Java"
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Nishijima later became a leader and pioneer at the Indonesian Study Group of
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to sponsor and invite Indonesian journalists to visit Tokyo – which included
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leanings, and he worked at an ice factory until 1937, when he moved to the
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Engineering Asia: Technology, Colonial Development, and the Cold War Order
130:'s promise of Indonesian independence in 1944, Maeda sponsored the school
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Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946
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Nishijima (back row, third from right) during Sukarno's visit to
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451:"Maeda, Memastikan Indonesia Merdeka Tanpa Sponsor Jepang"
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Prisoners and detainees of the Commonwealth of Australia
677:"Shigetada Nishijima, Saksi Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi"
27:, and became a major figure on the Japanese side of the
531:
Mizuno, Hiromi; Moore, Aaron S.; DiMoia, John (2018).
484:. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies. p. 16.
851:
Japanese people of the Indonesian National Revolution
8:
685:(in Indonesian). 16 August 2001. p. 28.
591:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
478:"Indonesia: From Briefcase to Samurai Sword"
25:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
585:Post, Peter; Touwen-Bouwsma, Elly (1996).
261:Indonesia ni okeru Nippon Gunsei no Kenkyu
109:Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies
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717:
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371:
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482:Southeast Asia under Japanese occupation
449:Widhana, Dieqy Hasbi (6 November 2016).
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126:relating to maps and topics. Following
7:
730:Isnaeni, Hendri F. (26 March 2012).
122:, who had worked with the office in
636:"Southeast Asian Studies in Japan"
14:
332:. Equinox Publishing. p. 9.
329:The Kenpeitai in Java and Sumatra
326:Shimer, Barbara Gifford (2010).
248:following the conclusion of the
512:(in Indonesian). 5 October 2015
290:, both of whom died during the
150:, Nishijima was sent to locate
292:Indonesian National Revolution
138:acting as Maeda's assistants.
29:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
23:before, during and after the
480:. In McCoy, Alfred W (ed.).
761:Anderson, Benedict (2006).
732:"Kekecewaan Seorang Jepang"
506:"Nishijima, Sang Perantara"
882:
564:. NUS Press. p. 335.
162:). He managed to convince
699:(in Japanese). 9 May 2007
604:10.1163/22134379-90003951
537:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
782:Poulgrain, Greg (1993).
634:Nagazumi, Akira (1975).
174:ensure the more radical
132:Asrama Indonesia Merdeka
85:Loveday, South Australia
558:Gotō, Ken'ichi (2003).
250:West New Guinea dispute
221:In 1958, Nishijima met
767:. Equinox Publishing.
655:10.3406/arch.1975.1210
476:Reid, Anthony (1985).
104:
216:30 September Movement
98:
362:, pp. 141–142.
91:Japanese occupation
17:Shigetada Nishijima
288:Tomegorō Yoshizumi
148:surrender of Japan
136:Tomegorō Yoshizumi
105:
439:, pp. 82–83.
427:, pp. 80–81.
415:, pp. 75–77.
257:Waseda University
196:Aiichirō Fujiyama
45:Dutch East Indies
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720:, p. 149.
718:Poulgrain 1993
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587:"Introduction"
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389:Poulgrain 1993
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372:Poulgrain 1993
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360:Poulgrain 1993
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316:, p. 431.
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156:Mohammad Hatta
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403:, p. 44.
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755:Bibliography
740:. Retrieved
735:
725:
713:
701:. Retrieved
697:"西嶋重忠さんについて"
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649:(1): 18–20.
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846:1911 births
234: [
227:Ibnu Sutowo
81:Pacific War
840:Categories
812:1813/53999
597:(4): 529.
246:West Papua
208:Adam Malik
146:After the
142:Revolution
124:New Guinea
107:After the
65:South Seas
35:Early life
821:0019-7289
791:Indonesia
703:2 October
663:0044-8613
613:0006-2294
298:Footnotes
278:visit by
223:Pertamina
186:Post-1949
41:socialist
21:Indonesia
736:Historia
643:Archipel
621:27864793
455:tirto.id
103:in 1945.
101:Makassar
829:3351090
280:Sukarno
192:Sukarno
168:Sukarni
152:Sukarno
73:Bandung
69:Jakarta
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819:
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742:10 May
682:Kompas
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619:
611:
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541:
516:10 May
488:
461:10 May
336:
273:Legacy
266:Kompas
225:chief
176:pemuda
164:Wikana
59:Career
49:German
825:JSTOR
787:(PDF)
639:(PDF)
617:JSTOR
510:Tempo
238:]
53:Tokyo
817:ISSN
769:ISBN
744:2019
705:2021
659:ISSN
609:ISSN
566:ISBN
539:ISBN
518:2019
486:ISBN
463:2019
334:ISBN
286:and
206:and
170:and
154:and
113:Java
71:and
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212:CIA
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