306:. According to acquaintances, Archer was the target of racist comments during his time in Egypt, which came to a point where he returned to the U.S. prematurely. The FBI began investigating both of the trips following the shooting, citing that Archer, who was unemployed and had no prior foreign travels, could not have been able to acquire a passport and pay for an extended stay in the Middle East; suspicions of the trips being funded by people or organizations with links to terrorism have been raised. It was later found that the trip was funded by a group of local Muslim men who would give donations to finance such trips for newcomers.
433:(a journal published by the Philadelphia Bar Association,) criticized the Philadelphia District Attorney's prosecution of Archer and argued that Archer can, and should, be prosecuted pursuant to Pennsylvania's criminal terrorist statute, 18 Pa.C.S.A. 2717, based upon facts known to investigators at this time. She also argued that such a prosecution would double the maximum statutory sentence Archer could receive in state court and, at the same time, would not preclude a subsequent federal prosecution if investigators were to find sufficient facts to justify a federal terrorism prosecution. Fellow
602:, Sam Mullins describes this shooting as an instance of "jihadist-inspired violence," noting that such attacks may be carried out not only by individuals "directed and funded by foreign terrorist organizations" and by "autonomous groups and individuals who are often lacking substantial overseas connections but nevertheless share the same murderous ideology," but also by "troubled individuals who seem to be driven at least as much by mental illness as by exposure to jihadi propaganda or related media coverage."
317:, among other offenses, in relation to an incident that occurred in January 2012, in which he and two other men confronted the husband of Archer's ex-wife. He was sentenced to prison, but the sentence was reduced to time served and he was released and placed on probation. In November 2015, he had been found guilty of several charges that included fraud and forgery; he was out on probation and awaiting sentencing for that case at the time of the shooting.
229:(a robe generally worn by Muslim men), reportedly waved down the police car, then began firing as the car slowed down. He first fired through the driver's side window, then ran up to the car, reached through the shattered window, and continued firing directly at Hartnett, who shielded his head with his left arm. Altogether, Archer fired 13 bullets at Harnett at close range; 3 of the bullets hit the officer.
367:, a type of individual who, according to Hamm and Spaaij, are usually unemployed, single, white males with a criminal record who tend to be older, and who are likely to have less education, and also more likely to have a record of mental illness, than other violent criminals. Hamm and Spaaij define lone wolf terrorists as attackers who are politically motivated and have acted entirely alone.
521:
the officer that the other three men frequented the area where
Hartnett was shot and claimed to have an affiliation with the group. As a result, all law enforcement agencies in Philadelphia were put on high alert, officers were ordered to work in pairs, and an investigation into the tip by a federal and local
609:
Martin J. Gallagher, describes this crime and Archer's assertion of motivation as one of a series of "known lone wolf terrorist attacks in 2016." Gallagher, a
British police official charged with the investigation of and response to serious crime national crisis events, discusses the "wave" of which
374:
entitled "Is There a Nexus
Between Terrorist Involvement and Mental Health in the Age of the Islamic State?" discuss this shooting as a case in which "mental health problems were alluded to by non-experts (often family, friends, neighbors) but latched onto by the wider media as concrete evidence of a
645:
The case was revisited by the press in
December 2017 when an immigrant from Egypt who was a naturalized citizen of the United States, Ahmed El-Mofty, opened fire on police just outside the Pennsylvania State Capitol Building in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The Harrisburg attacker was shot and killed,
520:
10, three days after the shooting, an unidentified woman stopped a police officer on a street and informed him that the suspect was "part of a group that consists of three others", that he "is not the most radical of the four", and that "the threat to police is not over". The tipster also informed
413:, who accused the Mayor of making an assertion that was "bizarre in their determined denial of the deluge of facts delivered by top police officials standing next to him," at the press conference held shortly after the attack. Kenny's statement was also harshly criticized by political commentator
575:
A video of Archer was shown at the trial, in which he states that âI did what I did because I pledge my allegiance to the
Islamic State.â In the video, he continues speaking asserting that police officers enforce a law that is not Allah's law and stating that he will fight against disbelievers.
320:
According to Archer's mother, he suffered from head injuries from playing football and a moped accident. She also added that he had some form of mental illness, specifying that he would hear voices in his head. In addition, she claimed he felt targeted by police. A former classmate recalled that
186:
In the late evening of
January 7, 2016, in a sudden attack with no precipitating event, Edward Archer rushed towards and shot Philadelphia police officer Jesse Hartnett while he drove his patrol car, inserting the gun into the window of the car and firing at point blank range. Despite being shot
562:
Archer appeared in court at the March 10 preliminary hearing, which was attended by several police officers. Hartnett testified at the hearing, describing the details of his attack and the aftermath. Municipal Court Judge Marsha H. Neifield ordered Archer to be held "on all charges, including
337:
propaganda, or was a crime committed by an individual suffering from some form of mental illness began immediately and have continued, provoked by Archer's claim, made shortly after he was arrested, that he shot the police officer in the name of Islam. In
February 2016, Clive Watts, a homeland
232:
Hartnett, badly wounded and bleeding from three gunshot wounds to his left arm, nevertheless managed to stop the car, get out, and give chase. He was able to fire off three gunshots, shooting Archer in the buttocks before radioing for help. Archer was arrested a block away by other responding
278:
Archer was said to have become interested in Islam during his teenage years. He was well known to Asim Abdur Rashid, imam of Masjid
Mujahideen on south 60th Street in West Philadelphia, who knew him by his Muslim name, Abdul Shaheed. According to Imam Rashid, Archer had made the
338:
security expert, asserted that "This is headline-inspired, not ISIS-inspired. It tends to happen after a successful attack, like what happened in Paris. People who already have psychological issues pick up a weapon and decide to act. It's more personal than ideological."
421:
In Loesch's opinion, the shooter ought to have still been serving his 10-year sentence for a 2012 conviction on felony gun possession (his sentence has been reduced.) Loesch characterizes such early releases of convicted criminals as "a deadly judicial pattern." General
555:, making terroristic threats, possessing an instrument of crime, violating a uniform firearms act, and related offenses. He was held without bail. A preliminary hearing was scheduled for January 25. This hearing was postponed to March 10 and scheduled to be held in
321:
Archer was a loner in high school who had a passion for football and was not religious. Two associates stated that he had become more drastic and combative following his trips to the Middle East, though another said the trips seemed to have a calming effect on him.
484:
at the time of the shooting. An online fundraising campaign was set up on
January 9 to aid Hartnett in recovering from his injuries, Hartnett was discharged from the hospital on January 22. but reparative surgery and recuperation were still ongoing a year later.
225:, when Archer, who had had no previous contact with the police on that particular evening, suddenly rushed toward the patrol car and fired 13 shots at Harnett, shoving his gun through the window to fire at point blank range. The attacker, who was wearing a white
266:
handgun capable of carrying 13 rounds, which was reported stolen from the home of a police officer in
October 2013; the gun was recovered shortly after the shooting in Archer's thawb. Archer confessed that he committed the attack "in the name of Islam", that
539:. The next day, Comey announced that the FBI at the time had not found any evidence that Archer was involved with any terrorist cells or that there were any other planned attacks in Philadelphia. He also downplayed the significance of the January 10 tip.
375:
disorderâs presence (and presumably direct role in the violent intent/actions)." They conclude that media reports about Archer's mental health problems show "disturbingly low levels of evidence," that Archer suffered from "a mental disorder."
408:
condemned the shooting, but asserted that, "In no way, shape or form does anybody in this room believe that Islam or the teaching of Islam" have anything to do with the shooting, a statement for which he was taken to task by
1424:
618:
Gallagher asserts that "there must be an unequivocal acceptance that mental health is a factor in lone wolf terrorism, and that the actions of those who are ill need to be seen as those of a terrorist when appropriate.
492:
by being invited to throw the opening pitch, and also permitted to propose marriage to his girlfriend on the ballfield. He was given the Sgt. Robert Wilson III Valor Award by the Philadelphia Police Department.
1141:
584:
Archer was convicted of attempted murder and aggravated assault on February 1, 2018. He was sentenced to the maximum term available to the court for this crime, between 48.5 and 97 years behind bars.
569:
On December 18, 2017, an attempt by Archer's attorney to persuade the court that Archer was mentally unfit to stand trial failed when the court ruled that Archer was mentally competent to stand trial.
283:
to Mecca and had studied for perhaps six months in Egypt. He was described by local Muslims as devout, interested in the religion, and closely involved in the establishment of community activities.
1355:
Scott, Calmert (11 January 2016). "Philadelphia Police Investigate Claim That Shooting Suspect Linked to Radicals; Edward Archer is accused of opening fire on police officer". Wall Street Journal.
3038:
2559:
3028:
598:, Mark Hamm and Ramon Spaaij regard this shooting as part of a 21st-century pattern of "targeting uniformed police and military personnel" by lone wolf terrorists. Writing in the journal
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781:
563:
attempted murder and aggravated assault, assaulting a law enforcement officer, several gun counts, and receiving stolen property" referring to the stolen pistol used in the shooting.
1854:
684:
said in a statement, "This alleged intentional act of violence against an officer seeking to help a fellow citizen is horrifying and has no place in Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania
2993:
2348:
2197:"Calling a Terrorist a "Terrorist": Why Philadelphia's Cop-Shooting Jihadist Should Be Prosecuted Under PA's Criminal "Terrorism" Statute (Instead of Waiting on the Feds)"
3018:
1149:
382:
1375:
2958:
1823:
1336:
809:
2399:
3008:
529:
2856:
Gallagher, Martin J.. "The 2016 âLone Wolfâ Tsunami - Is Rapoportâs âReligious Waveâ Ending?." Journal of Strategic Security 10, no. 2 (2017): : 60-76. DOI:
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multiple times in the left arm, Hartnett was able to exit his car and shoot the fleeing suspect. Later in the hospital, Archer claimed he pledged allegiance to
3023:
3013:
2773:
1399:"Suspected Philadelphia gunman Edward Archer used stolen police gun in attempted 'assassination' of Officer Jesse Hartnett, claimed allegiance to ISIS: cops"
86:
1768:
2328:
Farr, Stephanie (8 December 2016). "Wounded cop honored: Jesse Hartnett, shot in his patrol car in January, receives valor award". Philadelphia Inquirer.
2534:
2069:
2653:
680:
Richard Ross denounced the shooting as "absolutely evil". He also commended Officer Hartnett's survival, which he called "absolutely amazing". Governor
2750:
715:
389:
places Archer in a group of "Muslims (who) choose to bring Islam to the West through violent acts of jihadist terrorism." By contrast, in their book
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1008:
730:
696:
655:
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755:
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Judge Leon W. Tucker disagreed, ruling that Archer was aware of the charges against him and simply chose to avoid participating in his defense.
1729:
209:
Archer was convicted of the attempted murder of Officer Hartnett in January 2018. He was sentenced to between 48.5 and 97 years behind bars.
2586:
916:
206:, as in example of an individual who carries out an act of terrorism without having had actual contact with terrorist groups or individuals.
55:
2196:
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unit and two units assigned to the Philadelphia Police Department's counter-terrorism unit were added to the police patrols in recent days.
240:
that Archer used to shoot Officer Harnett was recovered at the scene; the pistol had been stolen from the home of a police officer in 2013.
2223:
188:
1929:
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ordered him to commit the attack, and that he targeted a police officer because they defended laws that went against the teachings of the
1984:
981:
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was launched. Investigators are aware of the names of two of the three men in question, but are still seeking the identity of the third.
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searched two residences connected to the suspect. They also began scouring through the suspect's online activities and phone records.
2297:
3033:
1582:
462:
2374:
2795:
1657:
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On January 12, five days after the shooting, a march was held in Philadelphia in support for Hartnett and other police officers.
477:
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1631:
659:
639:
510:
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2822:
360:
342:
26:
630:, pointing out that some 60 individuals were arrested in 2015 in the United States charged with giving support to ISIS; the
2988:
626:
placed this shooting in the context of a series of ISIS-inspired lone wolf incidents in the United States, including the
3043:
2482:
2224:"Not Every Violent Crime is Terrorism: Why Edward Archer Should Not Be Prosecuted Under PA's Criminal Terrorism Statute"
556:
466:
450:
79:
2679:
Palmer, Chris (19 December 2017). "Man ruled competent for trial in officer's shooting: Trial". Philadelphia Inquirer.
2012:
1207:
1602:
1173:"Philadelphia police officer ambushed by Islam-loving gunman testifies how he used arm as shield to protect his head"
469:
police force and worked there until July 2011, which was when he transferred to the Philadelphia Police Department.
1490:
725:
627:
594:
522:
350:
1261:
2631:
454:
1907:"Lone Wolf Terror in Philadelphia? Man Reportedly Tries to Execute Philly Police Officer "In the Name of Islam""
646:
but the incident sparked a debate about his motivation that was compared with the debate over Archer's motive.
635:
401:
argue that despite Archer's "claim(s) to be acting in the name of Allah and ISIS," his "motives were obscure."
356:
345:
included this shooting as one of a group of "Attacks in the United States 'Inspired' by the Islamic State."
2751:"Shooter Who Attacked Philadelphia Police Officer Jesse Hartnett in the Name of Islamic State Found Guilty"
2349:"Philadelphia Police, FBI Investigate New Threat Against Law Enforcement After Ambush, Shooting of Officer"
437:
writer Susan Lin responded critically to Kravitz's article, citing Archer's apparent mental health issues.
2870:
869:
642:, who stated that calling on Muslims worldwide to attack non-Muslims is "a very effective ISIS strategy."
576:
When the judge asked Archer whether he wished to testify, he responded only by saying, âSpeak to Allah.â
449:, aged 33, was at the time a four-year veteran with the Philadelphia Police Department. He graduated from
2892:
Roebuck, Jeremy (27 December 2017). "Was Harrisburg shooting a terror attack?". Philadelphia Daily News.
2126:
Rabinowitz, Dorothy (12 January 2016). "Denying the Obvious About Islamist Terror". Wall Street Journal.
472:
Hartnett was struck by 3 bullets, suffering a broken arm and nerve damage. He was classified as being in
2893:
2680:
2329:
2279:
2127:
1356:
836:"Gunman who pledged allegiance to ISIS after shooting Philly cop sentenced to almost 50 years in prison"
681:
611:
489:
364:
330:
203:
610:
this shooting is part as "a tsunami of attacks perpetrated by individuals" who fit the definition of
2426:
1519:
685:
458:
259:
243:
After he was arrested, Archer told investigators, "I follow Allah," and, "I pledge allegiance to the
2727:
2070:"Is There a Nexus Between Terrorist Involvement and Mental Health in the Age of the Islamic State?"
1425:"Philadelphia police: Attacker 'tried to execute' officer, pledged allegiance to the Islamic State"
677:
623:
2508:
2253:
1880:
1700:
1049:
2560:"Preliminary Hearing for Suspect Charged in Ambush Shooting of Philly Officer Continued to March"
634:
quoted Michael Nacht, a former official with the U.S. Defense Department, now a Professor at the
410:
314:
167:
1203:
2175:
2150:
2106:
2018:
1735:
1578:
1330:
873:
222:
2400:"Pennsylvania police reportedly warned 3 'radical' associates of terror suspect on the loose"
2046:
2278:
Farr, Stephanie (10 January 2016). "Shooter tangled with 'warrior'". Philadelphia Inquirer.
1769:"Philadelphia police: Man who tried to kill officer pledged allegiance to the Islamic State"
548:
536:
481:
218:
196:
147:
2799:
1725:
1429:
394:
1701:"Shooter in Philly cop's ambush said he did it for ISIS, but friends, relatives wonder"
1376:"Shooter in Philly cop's ambush said he did it for ISIS, but friends, relatives wonder"
1237:"Ambushed Officers Takes Stand as Suspect Edward Archer Faces Attempted Murder Charges"
1048:
Whalen, Aubrey; Schaefer, Mari A.; Roebuck, Jeremy; Farr, Stephanie (January 8, 2016).
692:
380:
Unholy Alliance: The Agenda Iran, Russia, and Jihadists Share for Conquering the World,
156:
2172:
The Field of Fight: How We Can Win the Global War Against Radical Islam and Its Allies
1575:
Unholy Alliance: The Agenda Iran, Russia, and Jihadists Share for Conquering the World
2982:
782:"Philadelphia police, FBI investigating if alleged shooter was part of radical group"
473:
423:
2427:"Philadelphia police looking into report that man who shot officer had radical ties"
2047:"America's lone-wolf terrorists are unpredictable in almost every regardâexcept one"
662:
were instructed to "exercise heightened vigilance" and take "proactive measures". A
461:
occurred and serving on active duty throughout August 2008. He then served with the
2827:
2074:
1953:"The Islamic State's Acolytes and the Challenges They Pose to U.S. Law Enforcement"
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67:
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982:"SUSPECT ARRAIGNED, HELD WITHOUT BAIL IN SHOOTING OF PHILADELPHIA POLICE OFFICER"
2959:"After Assassination Attempt on Philadelphia Officer, Community Walks for Peace"
2535:"Philadelphia Police Investigate Claim That Shooting Suspect Linked to Radicals"
2456:
703:
532:
414:
398:
386:
2857:
1658:"Woman Warns Philly Police That Alleged Cop Shooter Was Part of Radical Group"
688:
405:
2774:"Gunman who pledged ISIS allegiance convicted in 2016 shooting of Philly cop"
1313:"Gun used to shoot Police Officer Jesse Hartnett traced to fellow Philly cop"
101:
88:
1824:"Suspect in Philadelphia Police Shooting Had Visited Egypt and Saudi Arabia"
465:
from 2009 to November 2015. In September 2010, he became an officer for the
1798:"Man Accused of Shooting Philly Cop Pledged Allegiance to ISIS, Police Say"
1546:"FBI Probes Shooting of Philadelphia Police Officer as Suspected Terrorism"
1009:"Man Accused of Shooting Philly Cop Pledged Allegiance to ISIS, Police Say"
2654:"Formal Arraignment For Suspect Accused Of Shooting Philly Police Officer"
699:
334:
263:
237:
2823:"The Road to Orlando: Jihadist-Inspired Violence in the West, 2012-2016"
1952:
1881:"Police continue to investigate tip that cop shooter worked with others"
954:"Fundraising Page Created for Philly Officer Wounded in Ambush Shooting"
221:
patrol car at about 11:40 p.m. at 60th Street and Spruce Street in
2700:"Philly cop's accused ISIS-inspired shooter scheduled for trial Monday"
2460:
2375:"Threats reportedly continue after ambush shooting of Philadelphia cop"
1290:"Philly cop's accused ISIS-inspired shooter scheduled for trial Monday"
310:
152:
2632:"Defendant in ambush shooting of Officer Jesse Harnett held for trial"
810:"Shooter Who Ambushed Philadelphia Police Officer Gets Up to 97 Years"
1462:"Police Seek Three Possibly Tied to Gunman Who Shot Philadelphia Cop"
1050:"Police: Gunman who shot cop pledged allegiance to the Islamic State"
695:
both decried the shooting, with Toomey calling it an act of terror.
303:
1460:
Esposito, Richard; Gosk, Stephanie; Winter, Tom (January 11, 2016).
2936:"Philadelphia police keep watch on neighborhood where officer shot"
2453:"FBI says probing Philadelphia police shooting as terrorist attack"
1204:"Editorial: Heroic actions of another officer shot in line of duty"
566:
He was formally arraigned in Common Pleas Court on March 31, 2016.
1603:"PHILADELPHIA COP SHOOTER'S ASSOCIATES ALSO RADICAL, SAYS TIPSTER"
299:
295:
272:
268:
226:
1520:"Police: Suspect in officer's shooting claims allegiance to ISIS"
1518:
Sanchez, Ray; Hanna, Jason; Prokupecz, Shimon (January 8, 2016).
262:, at the time of the shooting. He was allegedly armed with a 9mm
2913:"NYPD warns cops after attacks on police in Philadelphia, Paris"
2728:"Man Who Shot Philadelphia Officer In Name Of ISIS Found Guilty"
663:
551:, along with charges of aggravated assault on a police officer,
291:
244:
917:"Gunman Said He Shot Philadelphia Officer for ISIS, Police Say"
217:
Uniformed police officer Jesse Hartnett was driving his marked
2796:"Man guilty of attempted murder in ambush shooting of officer"
2483:"FBI: No evidence man who attacked cop part of organized cell"
1985:"Lone Wolf Attacks Are Becoming More Common â And More Deadly"
1523:
1262:"The Latest: NYPD urges vigilance after Philadelphia shooting"
1142:"Islamic State sympathiser shoots Philadelphia police officer"
572:
The trial was scheduled to begin on Monday, January 22, 2018.
501:
Archer was taken into custody immediately after the shooting.
280:
2587:"Philly cop details ambush attack; Yeadon man held for trial"
756:"Philadelphia cop shooting suspect charged; FBI probes trips"
419:
Flyover Nation: You Can't Run a Country You've Never Been To.
2509:"FBI director: cop shooter loyal to ISIS likely acted alone"
2147:
Flyover Nation: You Can't Run a Country You've Never Been To
309:
In March 2015, Archer pleaded guilty to a firearms offense,
1111:"Police: Philadelphia officer shot by man inspired by ISIS"
616:
Explaining Lone Wolf Target Selection in the United States.
535:
announced that the FBI was investigating the shooting as a
2298:"Philadelphia officer wounded in shooting leaves hospital"
1491:"ARCHER HAD TRAVELED TO MIDDLE EAST TWICE IN RECENT YEARS"
1088:"Police probe man's claim of shooting cop in Islam's name"
2610:"Hartnett says W. Phila. shooter said nothing in ambush"
1513:
1511:
258:, aged 30, was unemployed and living with his mother at
658:
that occurred earlier on the same day, officers of the
329:
Discussion of whether this shooting was an instance of
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
915:
Hurdle, Jon; PĂŠrez-PeĂąa, Richard (January 8, 2016).
857:
855:
853:
3039:
Crimes against police officers in the United States
1879:Whalen, Aubrey; Schaefer, Mari (January 11, 2016).
1822:Calvert, Scott; Barrett, Devlin (January 9, 2016).
1311:WRITER, By Stephanie Farr, STAFF (September 2016).
547:On January 9, Archer was arraigned on one count of
286:According to an FBI official, Archer spent time in
141:
133:
125:
117:
78:
62:
47:
32:
3029:Terrorist incidents in the United States in 2016
2957:Zalot, Morgan; Chang, David (January 11, 2016).
2634:. Philly Voice. Associated Press. March 10, 2016
2451:Walsh, Eric; Edwards, Julia (January 13, 2016).
2006:
2004:
2002:
1264:. Yahoo! News. Associated Press. January 8, 2016
2589:. Delaware County Daily Times. Associated Press
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1348:
1346:
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1281:
1279:
1197:
1195:
1193:
488:On April 11, 2016, Hartnett was honored by the
1978:
1976:
1855:"Edward Archer: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know"
1632:"Imam knew police shooter, but by Muslim name"
1397:Wagner, Meg; Hanna, Laurie (January 8, 2016).
829:
827:
202:The case is widely cited in scholarly work on
1762:
1760:
1758:
1090:. CBS News. Associated Press. January 9, 2016
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
614:offered by Michael Becker in his 2014 paper,
453:in 2001. Hartnett previously served with the
8:
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1625:
1623:
1335:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1076:
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528:On January 13, six days after the shooting,
19:
2105:. Brookings Institution Press. p. 84.
1930:"Police shooting: Lone-wolf terror attack?"
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2858:http://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.10.2.1584
2502:
2500:
2195:Kravitz, Amara Chaudhry (April 26, 2016).
2068:Corner, Emily; Gill, Paul (January 2017).
1848:
1846:
1844:
1568:
1566:
775:
773:
426:called Mayor Kenny's statement, "absurd."
18:
2994:Anti-police violence in the United States
2174:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 124, 125.
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1594:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
804:
802:
749:
747:
745:
716:2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa
3019:January 2016 crimes in the United States
2481:Whack, Errin Haines (January 14, 2016).
2373:Wehner, Brittany M. (January 11, 2016).
2254:"'Warrior' cop is a 'quality young man'"
1694:
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1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
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910:
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906:
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731:January 2016 Paris police station attack
2247:
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2101:Crenshaw, Martha; LaFree, Gary (2017).
1239:. NBC 10 Philadelphia. Associated Press
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
741:
697:Republican U.S. presidential candidates
3009:Islamic terrorism in the United States
2911:DeStefano, Anthony (January 8, 2016).
2608:Slobodzian, Jonothan (11 March 2016).
1328:
2869:ExCathedraEditorial (20 March 2016).
2425:Pearson, Michael (January 11, 2016).
1951:Bjelopera, Jerome P. (13 June 2016).
1256:
1254:
195:(FBI) investigated the shooting as a
7:
2999:Attacks in the United States in 2016
2507:Roebuck, Jeremy (January 14, 2016).
1544:Barrett, Devlin (January 13, 2016).
509:Immediately after the shooting, the
247:, and that's why I did what I did."
172:Possession of an instrument of crime
16:2016 shooting attack in Philadelphia
3024:Terrorist incidents in Pennsylvania
3014:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2016
2934:Kelley, Daniel (January 11, 2016).
2585:Dale, Maryclaire (March 10, 2016).
2533:Calvert, Scott (January 10, 2016).
2252:Farr, Stephanie (January 8, 2016).
1928:Roebuck, Jeremy (10 January 2016).
1699:Matza, Michael (February 8, 2016).
1656:Shapiro, Emily (January 10, 2016).
1601:Walker, Lauren (January 12, 2016).
1577:. Simon and Schuster. p. 177.
1489:Saltzman, Wendy (January 8, 2016).
1235:Dale, Maryclaire (March 10, 2016).
359:and Ramon Spaaij, a sociologist at
2749:Lozano, Alicia (1 February 2018).
2347:Zalot, Morgan (January 10, 2016).
2045:Bojani, Fatima (19 October 2016).
2011:Hamm, Mark; Spaaij, Ramon (2017).
1796:Shapiro, Emily (January 8, 2016).
1630:Matza, Michael (11 January 2016).
1374:Matza, Michael (8 February 2016).
1202:EditorialBoard (31 January 2018).
1140:Sherlock, Ruth (January 8, 2016).
1007:Shapiro, Emily (January 8, 2016).
862:Mickolus, Edward (February 2018).
780:Kaplan, Sarah (January 11, 2016).
754:Stanglin, Doug (January 9, 2016).
721:2014 Tours police station stabbing
302:for eight months in 2012 to study
290:from October to November 2011 for
14:
2871:"The Long Reach of Islamic State"
2772:Palmer, Chris (1 February 2018).
1853:Farrell, Paul (January 8, 2016).
1288:Palmer, Chris (22 January 2018).
1109:Brynes, Jesse (January 8, 2016).
656:a similar attack on French police
370:The authors of an article in the
175:Violation of uniform firearms act
2698:Chris Palmer (22 January 2018).
1905:French, David (8 January 2016).
1767:Berman, Mark (January 8, 2016).
1423:Berman, Mark (January 8, 2016).
1171:Boroff, David (March 10, 2016).
478:Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
2485:. Yahoo! News. Associated Press
952:Beck, Steve (January 9, 2016).
660:New York City Police Department
640:Goldman School of Public Policy
193:Federal Bureau of Investigation
66:60th Street and Spruce Street,
2230:. Philadelphia Bar Association
2203:. Philadelphia Bar Association
1960:Congressional Research Service
706:also reacted to the shooting.
607:Journal of Strategic Security,
393:, political science professor
361:Victoria University, Australia
355:Mark Hamm, a criminologist at
343:Congressional Research Service
27:terrorism in the United States
1:
2017:. Columbia University Press.
1983:Worth, Katie (14 July 2016).
834:Palmer, Chris (14 May 2018).
654:In light of this attack, and
474:critical but stable condition
121:Jesse Hartnett, Edward Archer
51:
557:Philadelphia Municipal Court
451:Monsignor Bonner High School
129:2 (Hartnett and the suspect)
2222:Lin, Susan (May 16, 2016).
1573:Sekulow, Jay (2017-06-20).
1208:Delaware County Daily Times
476:, and went into surgery at
3060:
2821:Mullins, Sam (June 2016).
2014:Age of Lone Wolf Terrorism
812:. NBC 10 news. 14 May 2018
726:2014 Queens hatchet attack
628:2015 San Bernardino attack
595:Age of Lone Wolf Terrorism
523:Joint Terrorism Task Force
457:, joining right after the
429:Amara Chaudhry Kravitz of
397:and criminology professor
351:Age of Lone Wolf Terrorism
294:(the Muslim pilgrimage to
20:Shooting of Jesse Hartnett
580:Conviction and sentencing
455:United States Coast Guard
325:Motivation of perpetrator
36:January 7, 2016
24:
3034:Violence in Pennsylvania
2149:. Penguin. p. 108.
1731:Daech, la main du diable
865:Terrorism Worldwide 2016
636:University of California
357:Indiana State University
2776:. Philadelphia Inquirer
2612:. Philadelphia Inquirer
2539:The Wall Street Journal
2170:Flynn, Michael (2016).
1932:. Philadelphia Inquirer
1828:The Wall Street Journal
1550:The Wall Street Journal
1378:. Philadelphia Inquirer
1292:. Philadelphia Inquirer
870:McFarland & Company
838:. Philadelphia Inquirer
363:, describe Archer as a
298:). He also traveled to
102:39.957123°N 75.241889°W
3004:Crimes in Philadelphia
2938:. Yahoo! News. Reuters
2730:. CBS. 1 February 2018
2658:CBS Local Philadelphia
505:Criminal investigation
2873:. Wall Street Journal
2802:. AP. 4 February 2018
2704:Philadelphia Inquirer
2145:Loesch, Dana (2016).
553:reckless endangerment
543:Arraignment and trial
490:Philadelphia Phillies
341:A 2016 report by the
162:Reckless endangerment
107:39.957123; -75.241889
2989:2016 in Philadelphia
2103:Countering Terrorism
459:September 11 attacks
447:Jesse James Hartnett
391:Countering Terrorism
260:Yeadon, Pennsylvania
3044:Non-fatal shootings
2963:NBC 10 Philadelphia
2564:NBC 10 Philadelphia
2353:NBC 10 Philadelphia
2228:Upon Further Review
2201:Upon Further Review
1773:The Washington Post
1403:New York Daily News
1177:New York Daily News
1146:The Daily Telegraph
786:The Washington Post
678:Police Commissioner
624:Wall Street Journal
612:lone wolf terrorist
592:In their 2017 book
480:. He was wearing a
463:Coast Guard Reserve
435:Upon Further Review
431:Upon Further Review
404:Philadelphia Mayor
365:lone wolf terrorist
348:In their 2017 book
331:lone wolf terrorism
315:terroristic threats
204:lone wolf terrorism
168:terroristic threats
98: /
21:
2566:. January 25, 2016
2406:. January 11, 2016
2304:. January 22, 2016
1152:on January 8, 2016
921:The New York Times
411:Dorothy Rabinowitz
311:aggravated assault
153:Aggravated assault
126:Non-fatal injuries
1909:. National Review
1634:. 11 January 2016
988:. January 9, 2016
497:Legal proceedings
223:West Philadelphia
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537:terrorist attack
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482:bulletproof vest
441:Officer Hartnett
219:Chevrolet Impala
197:terrorist attack
178:Related offenses
148:Attempted murder
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1987:. PBS Frontline
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