244:
528:
176:
600:
456:
316:
384:
864:"Effects of high-fiber diets enriched with carbohydrate, protein, or unsaturated fat on circulating short chain fatty acids: results from the OmniHeart randomized trial"
623:. Macronutrient composition (carbohydrate, protein or fat) of diets affects circulating SCFAs. Acetate, propionate and butyrate are the three most common SCFAs.
1034:
1065:
66:
health. SCFAs all possess varying degrees of water solubility, which distinguishes them from longer chain fatty acids that are immiscible.
673:
roles in body functions, affecting the production of lipids, energy, and vitamins. They may affect appetite and cardiometabolic health.
959:
742:
816:
Wong JM, de Souza R, Kendall CW, Emam A, Jenkins DJ (March 2006). "Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids".
1449:
770:
Canfora EE, Jocken JW, Blaak EE (October 2015). "Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity".
1443:
1389:
1514:
58:
of indigestible foods, SCFAs in human gut are acetic, propionic and butyric acid. They are the main energy source of
48:. The SCFAs' lower limit is interpreted differently, either with one, two, three or four carbon atoms. Derived from
1585:
1502:
1383:
1377:
699:
1413:
1652:
1508:
1058:
1371:
682:
1705:
1359:
1310:
1304:
1298:
687:
639:
1365:
1579:
1539:
1533:
1474:
1347:
632:
1768:
1760:
1741:
1722:
1316:
1609:
1603:
1460:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1292:
911:
Roy CC, Kien CL, Bouthillier L, Levy E (August 2006). "Short-chain fatty acids: ready for prime time?".
693:
651:
548:
540:
468:
1780:
1486:
1480:
1353:
243:
1802:
1561:
1437:
1341:
1335:
1262:
1051:
690:(MCFA), fatty acid with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 carbons, which can form medium-chain triglycerides
1407:
1395:
1687:
1663:
1620:
1525:
1327:
841:
795:
1774:
1551:
1226:
1202:
1166:
1013:
955:
947:
928:
893:
833:
787:
738:
732:
1628:
1597:
1468:
1401:
1286:
1250:
1190:
1003:
995:
920:
883:
875:
825:
779:
63:
527:
1238:
1220:
1214:
1154:
1130:
663:
659:
647:
628:
620:
328:
175:
1646:
1591:
1573:
1268:
1196:
1142:
1094:
1008:
983:
888:
863:
188:
17:
1796:
1749:
1730:
1699:
1634:
1567:
1545:
1256:
1244:
1178:
1172:
1160:
1124:
1118:
1086:
829:
616:
845:
599:
1677:
1640:
1496:
1274:
1232:
1208:
1184:
1112:
1106:
1100:
984:"The role of short chain fatty acids in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis"
799:
655:
624:
396:
256:
55:
1693:
1280:
1148:
1136:
1038:
924:
643:
476:
455:
336:
315:
124:
59:
1671:
1078:
670:
383:
196:
38:
1711:
783:
49:
1017:
932:
897:
837:
791:
635:(the epithelial cells of the colon). The liver can use acetate for energy.
879:
563:
491:
419:
404:
351:
279:
264:
211:
147:
999:
1035:
A review of the biological properties of SCFA from the Danone
Institute
132:
52:
1043:
862:
Mueller NT, Zhang M, Juraschek SP, Miller ER, Appel LJ (March 2020).
569:
557:
497:
485:
425:
413:
357:
345:
285:
273:
217:
205:
153:
141:
42:
1074:
45:
1047:
982:
Byrne CS, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Frost G (September 2015).
702:(VLCFA), fatty acid with aliphatic tails of 22 or more carbons
948:"Biochemistry of Glycerolipids and Formation of Chylomicrons"
598:
526:
454:
382:
314:
242:
174:
696:(LCFA), fatty acid with aliphatic tails of 13 to 21 carbons
1759:
1740:
1721:
1662:
1619:
1524:
1459:
1326:
1085:
631:health because it is the primary energy source for
954:. The American Oil Chemists Society. p. 163.
1059:
737:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. p. 320.
8:
1066:
1052:
1044:
868:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
27:Fatty acid with less than six carbon atoms
1007:
887:
765:
763:
761:
588:
584:
580:
572:
566:
560:
516:
512:
508:
500:
494:
488:
444:
440:
436:
428:
422:
416:
372:
368:
360:
354:
348:
304:
300:
296:
288:
282:
276:
232:
228:
220:
214:
208:
164:
156:
150:
144:
73:
950:. In Christophe AB, DeVriese S (eds.).
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
712:
811:
809:
7:
857:
855:
818:Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
662:, then transfer to the blood at the
642:are primarily absorbed through the
1450:6,9,12,15,18,21-Tetracosahexaenoic
25:
1444:9,12,15,18,21-Tetracosapentaenoic
988:International Journal of Obesity
830:10.1097/00004836-200603000-00015
913:Nutrition in Clinical Practice
627:is particularly important for
1:
772:Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
952:Fat Digestion and Absorption
925:10.1177/0115426506021004351
1819:
700:Very long chain fatty acid
95:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
62:, making them crucial to
1503:7,10,13-Octadecatrienoic
734:Nutritional Biochemistry
683:List of carboxylic acids
640:medium-chain fatty acids
615:SCFAs are produced when
784:10.1038/nrendo.2015.128
688:Medium-chain fatty acid
333:2-Methylpropanoic acid
31:Short-chain fatty acids
1653:7,10,13-Eicosatrienoic
1509:9,12,15-Eicosatrienoic
652:long-chain fatty acids
603:
531:
473:3-Methylbutanoic acid
459:
387:
319:
247:
179:
18:Short chain fatty acid
694:Long-chain fatty acid
660:lymphatic capillaries
602:
545:2-Methylbutyric acid
530:
458:
386:
318:
246:
178:
619:is fermented in the
541:2-Methylbutyric acid
1000:10.1038/ijo.2015.84
880:10.1093/ajcn/nqz322
669:SCFAs have diverse
341:2-Methylpropanoate
1706:8,11-Eicosadienoic
1586:Dihomo-γ-linolenic
1515:β-Eicosatetraenoic
1414:Dihomo-α-linolenic
1299:Heptatriacontanoic
604:
553:2-Methylbutanoate
532:
481:3-Methylbutanoate
460:
388:
320:
248:
180:
1790:
1789:
1311:Nonatriacontanoic
1305:Octatriacontanoic
946:Kuksis A (2000).
608:
607:
549:2-Methylbutanoate
93:
16:(Redirected from
1810:
1761:ω−12 Unsaturated
1742:ω−11 Unsaturated
1723:ω−10 Unsaturated
1426:Eicosapentaenoic
1420:Eicosatetraenoic
1384:Palmitolinolenic
1378:Myristolinolenic
1293:Hexatriacontylic
1068:
1061:
1054:
1045:
1022:
1021:
1011:
994:(9): 1331–1338.
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
943:
937:
936:
908:
902:
901:
891:
859:
850:
849:
813:
804:
803:
767:
756:
755:
753:
751:
731:Brody T (1999).
728:
654:are packed into
592:
575:
520:
503:
448:
431:
376:
363:
308:
291:
236:
223:
168:
159:
91:
83:Salt/Ester Name
74:
64:gastrointestinal
21:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1755:
1736:
1717:
1664:ω−9 Unsaturated
1658:
1621:ω−7 Unsaturated
1615:
1580:Dihomo-linoleic
1540:12-Octadecenoic
1534:8-Tetradecenoic
1526:ω−6 Unsaturated
1520:
1475:Palmitovaccenic
1461:ω−5 Unsaturated
1455:
1438:Docosahexaenoic
1372:Myristolinoleic
1366:Myristovaccenic
1328:ω−3 Unsaturated
1322:
1263:Hentriacontylic
1081:
1072:
1031:
1029:Further reading
1026:
1025:
981:
980:
976:
966:
964:
962:
945:
944:
940:
910:
909:
905:
861:
860:
853:
815:
814:
807:
778:(10): 577–591.
769:
768:
759:
749:
747:
745:
730:
729:
714:
709:
679:
664:subclavian vein
648:lipid digestion
613:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
568:
562:
556:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
496:
490:
484:
469:Isovaleric acid
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
424:
418:
412:
401:Pentanoic acid
374:
370:
366:
362:
356:
350:
344:
329:Isobutyric acid
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
284:
278:
272:
234:
230:
226:
222:
216:
210:
204:
193:Propanoic acid
166:
162:
158:
152:
146:
140:
90:
72:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1769:4-Hexadecenoic
1765:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1317:Tetracontanoic
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
974:
961:978-1893997127
960:
938:
919:(4): 351–366.
903:
874:(3): 545–554.
851:
824:(3): 235–243.
805:
757:
744:978-0121348366
743:
711:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
697:
691:
685:
678:
675:
612:
609:
606:
605:
596:
593:
576:
554:
551:
546:
543:
538:
534:
533:
524:
521:
504:
482:
479:
474:
471:
466:
462:
461:
452:
449:
432:
410:
407:
402:
399:
394:
390:
389:
380:
377:
364:
342:
339:
334:
331:
326:
322:
321:
312:
309:
292:
270:
267:
262:
261:Butanoic acid
259:
254:
250:
249:
240:
237:
224:
202:
199:
194:
191:
189:Propionic acid
186:
182:
181:
172:
169:
160:
138:
135:
130:
129:Ethanoic acid
127:
122:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
98:
97:
94:
87:
84:
81:
78:
71:
68:
41:of two to six
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1815:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:β-Eleostearic
1485:
1482:
1481:α-Eleostearic
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1360:Laurolinoleic
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
978:
975:
963:
957:
953:
949:
942:
939:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
907:
904:
899:
895:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
856:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
812:
810:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
766:
764:
762:
758:
746:
740:
736:
735:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
713:
706:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
674:
672:
671:physiological
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:dietary fiber
610:
601:
597:
594:
577:
571:
565:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
544:
542:
539:
536:
535:
529:
525:
522:
505:
499:
493:
487:
483:
480:
478:
475:
472:
470:
467:
464:
463:
457:
453:
450:
433:
427:
421:
415:
411:
408:
406:
403:
400:
398:
395:
392:
391:
385:
381:
378:
365:
359:
353:
347:
343:
340:
338:
335:
332:
330:
327:
324:
323:
317:
313:
310:
293:
287:
281:
275:
271:
268:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
252:
251:
245:
241:
238:
225:
219:
213:
207:
203:
200:
198:
195:
192:
190:
187:
184:
183:
177:
173:
170:
161:
155:
149:
143:
139:
136:
134:
131:
128:
126:
123:
120:
119:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
77:Lipid number
75:
70:List of SCFAs
69:
67:
65:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1781:8-Eicosenoic
1775:Petroselinic
1681:
1555:
1552:Linolelaidic
1490:
1432:Clupanodonic
1390:Palmitidonic
1227:Pentacosylic
1203:Heneicosylic
1167:Pentadecylic
991:
987:
977:
967:December 21,
965:. Retrieved
951:
941:
916:
912:
906:
871:
867:
821:
817:
775:
771:
750:December 21,
748:. Retrieved
733:
668:
656:chylomicrons
637:
614:
397:Valeric acid
257:Butyric acid
56:fermentation
34:
30:
29:
1803:Fatty acids
1629:Palmitoleic
1598:Arachidonic
1562:γ-Linolenic
1469:Myristoleic
1408:α-Parinaric
1402:Stearidonic
1396:α-Linolenic
1348:Decadienoic
1287:Ceroplastic
1251:Nonacosylic
1191:Nonadecylic
1079:fatty acids
1039:archive.org
644:portal vein
633:colonocytes
477:Isovalerate
409:Pentanoate
337:Isobutyrate
201:Propanoate
125:Acetic acid
116:Structural
110:Systematic
104:Systematic
60:colonocytes
39:fatty acids
1239:Carboceric
1221:Lignoceric
1215:Tricosylic
1155:Tridecylic
1131:Pelargonic
707:References
638:SCFAs and
269:Butanoate
197:Propionate
137:Ethanoate
113:Molecular
50:intestinal
1647:Paullinic
1592:Sciadonic
1574:Pinolenic
1354:Lauroleic
1269:Lacceroic
1197:Arachidic
1143:Undecylic
1095:Propionic
1087:Saturated
611:Functions
53:microbial
1797:Category
1750:Gadoleic
1731:Sapienic
1700:Nervonic
1635:Vaccenic
1568:Calendic
1546:Linoleic
1342:Decenoic
1336:Octenoic
1257:Melissic
1245:Montanic
1179:Margaric
1173:Palmitic
1161:Myristic
1125:Caprylic
1119:Enanthic
1018:25971927
933:16870803
898:31927581
846:46228892
838:16633129
792:26260141
677:See also
658:, enter
650:, while
625:Butyrate
405:Valerate
265:Butyrate
96:Diagram
86:Formula
1688:Gondoic
1678:Elaidic
1641:Rumenic
1604:Adrenic
1497:Punicic
1275:Psyllic
1233:Cerotic
1209:Behenic
1185:Stearic
1113:Caproic
1107:Valeric
1101:Butyric
1009:4564526
889:7049528
800:1263823
646:during
595:102.13
523:102.13
451:102.13
133:Acetate
107:Common
101:Common
92:(g/mol)
1783:(20:1)
1777:(18:1)
1771:(16:1)
1752:(20:1)
1733:(16:1)
1714:(20:3)
1708:(20:2)
1702:(24:1)
1696:(22:1)
1694:Erucic
1690:(20:1)
1684:-18:1)
1674:(18:1)
1655:(20:3)
1649:(20:1)
1643:(18:2)
1637:(18:1)
1631:(16:1)
1612:(22:5)
1610:Osbond
1606:(22:4)
1600:(20:4)
1594:(20:3)
1588:(20:3)
1582:(20:2)
1576:(18:3)
1570:(18:3)
1564:(18:3)
1558:-18:2)
1548:(18:2)
1542:(18:1)
1536:(14:1)
1517:(20:4)
1511:(20:3)
1505:(18:3)
1499:(18:3)
1493:-18:3)
1483:(18:3)
1477:(16:1)
1471:(14:1)
1452:(24:6)
1446:(24:5)
1440:(22:6)
1434:(22:5)
1428:(20:5)
1422:(20:4)
1416:(20:3)
1410:(18:4)
1404:(18:4)
1398:(18:3)
1392:(16:4)
1386:(16:3)
1380:(14:3)
1374:(14:2)
1368:(14:1)
1362:(12:2)
1356:(12:1)
1350:(10:2)
1344:(10:1)
1281:Geddic
1149:Lauric
1137:Capric
1075:Lipids
1016:
1006:
958:
931:
896:
886:
844:
836:
798:
790:
741:
379:88.11
375:CHCOOH
311:88.11
239:74.08
171:60.05
43:carbon
37:) are
1682:trans
1672:Oleic
1556:trans
1491:trans
1338:(8:1)
1319:(C40)
1313:(C39)
1307:(C38)
1301:(C37)
1295:(C36)
1289:(C35)
1283:(C34)
1277:(C33)
1271:(C32)
1265:(C31)
1259:(C30)
1253:(C29)
1247:(C28)
1241:(C27)
1235:(C26)
1229:(C25)
1223:(C24)
1217:(C23)
1211:(C22)
1205:(C21)
1199:(C20)
1193:(C19)
1187:(C18)
1181:(C17)
1175:(C16)
1169:(C15)
1163:(C14)
1157:(C13)
1151:(C12)
1145:(C11)
1139:(C10)
842:S2CID
796:S2CID
629:colon
621:colon
591:)COOH
587:CH(CH
537:C5:0
465:C5:0
393:C5:0
325:C4:0
253:C4:0
185:C3:0
121:C2:0
80:Name
46:atoms
35:SCFAs
1712:Mead
1133:(C9)
1127:(C8)
1121:(C7)
1115:(C6)
1109:(C5)
1103:(C4)
1097:(C3)
1037:via
1014:PMID
969:2012
956:ISBN
929:PMID
894:PMID
834:PMID
788:PMID
752:2012
739:ISBN
519:COOH
515:CHCH
447:COOH
307:COOH
235:COOH
167:COOH
89:Mass
1004:PMC
996:doi
921:doi
884:PMC
876:doi
872:111
826:doi
780:doi
507:(CH
439:(CH
367:(CH
299:(CH
1799::
1077::
1012:.
1002:.
992:39
990:.
986:.
927:.
917:21
915:.
892:.
882:.
870:.
866:.
854:^
840:.
832:.
822:40
820:.
808:^
794:.
786:.
776:11
774:.
760:^
715:^
666:.
583:CH
579:CH
567:10
495:10
435:CH
423:10
295:CH
231:CH
227:CH
163:CH
1680:(
1554:(
1489:(
1067:e
1060:t
1053:v
1020:.
998::
971:.
935:.
923::
900:.
878::
848:.
828::
802:.
782::
754:.
589:3
585:2
581:3
573:2
570:O
564:H
561:5
558:C
517:2
513:2
511:)
509:3
501:2
498:O
492:H
489:5
486:C
445:3
443:)
441:2
437:3
429:2
426:O
420:H
417:5
414:C
373:2
371:)
369:3
361:2
358:O
355:8
352:H
349:4
346:C
305:2
303:)
301:2
297:3
289:2
286:O
283:8
280:H
277:4
274:C
233:2
229:3
221:2
218:O
215:6
212:H
209:3
206:C
165:3
157:2
154:O
151:4
148:H
145:2
142:C
33:(
20:)
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