Knowledge (XXG)

Short squeeze

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74:, known as the short-seller, borrows shares and immediately sells them, hoping to buy them back later ("covering") at a lower price. As the shares were borrowed, the short-seller must eventually return them to the lender (plus interest and dividend, if any), and therefore makes a profit if they spend less buying back the shares than they received when selling them. However, an unexpected piece of favorable news can cause a jump in the stock's share price, resulting in a loss rather than a profit. Short-sellers might then be triggered to buy the shares they had borrowed at a higher price, in an effort to keep their losses from mounting should the share price rise further. 189:. By the end of business on May 7, 1901, the two parties controlled over 94% of outstanding Northern Pacific shares. The resulting runup in share price was accompanied by frenetic short selling of Northern Pacific by third parties. On May 8, it became apparent that uncommitted NP shares were insufficient to cover the outstanding short positions, and that neither Hill and Morgan nor Harriman were willing to sell. This triggered a sell-off in the rest of the market as NP "shorts" liquidated holdings in an effort to raise cash to buy NP shares to meet their obligations. The ensuing stock market crash, known as the 20: 236:
them. As a result, his total exposure exceeded the entire issue of the MAAX bonds. Falcone then stopped lending the bonds, so that short-sellers could not liquidate their positions anymore. The price of the bonds rose dramatically. The short-sellers could only liquidate their positions by contacting Falcone directly.
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with market manipulation in relation to a short squeeze on a series of high-yield bonds issued by MAAX Holdings. After hearing that a firm was shorting the bonds, Falcone purchased the entire issue of bonds. He also lent the bonds to the short-sellers, and then bought them back when the traders sold
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forced Guangda make significant purchases to cover his position, causing LME nickel prices to rise by around 250 percent. On paper this would've caused Guangda billions of dollars of losses, but the LME halted all trading on nickel contracts and reversed many of the trades which occurred during the
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to prepare for this possibility. Alternatively, short sellers simply deciding to cut their losses and get out (rather than lacking collateral funds to meet their margin) can cause a squeeze. Short squeezes can also occur when the demand from short sellers outweighs the supply of shares to borrow,
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that they cannot (or choose not to) meet, triggering them to purchase stock to return to the owners from whom (via a broker) they had borrowed the stock in establishing their position. This buying may proceed automatically, for example if the short sellers had previously placed
85:; i.e., there is increasing demand. This dynamic can result in a cascade of stock purchases and an even bigger jump of the share price. Borrow, buy and sell timing can lead to more than 100% of a company's shares sold short. This does not necessarily imply 130:. Squeezes can, however, involve large stocks and billions of dollars. Short squeezes may also be more likely to occur when a large percentage of a stock's float is short, and when large portions of the stock are held by people not tempted to sell. 92:
Short squeezes tend to happen in stocks that have expensive borrow rates. Expensive borrow rates can increase the pressure on short sellers to cover their positions, further adding to the reflexive nature of this phenomenon.
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orchestrated a short squeeze on failed biotech KaloBios (KBIO) that caused its share price to rise by 10,000% in just five trading days. KBIO had been perceived by short sellers as a "no-brainer near-term zero".
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Short squeezes can also be facilitated by the availability of inexpensive call options on the underlying security because they add considerable leverage. Typically,
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options with a short time to expiration are used to maximize the leverage and the impact of the squeezer's actions on short sellers.
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Short squeezes result when short sellers of a stock move to cover their positions, purchasing large volumes of stock relative to the
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210.85 to over €1000 in less than two days, briefly making it the most valuable company in the world. Then-Porsche CEO
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volume. Purchasing the stock to cover their short positions raises the price of the shorted stock, thus triggering
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Short squeezes are more likely to occur in stocks with relatively few traded shares and commensurately small
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are also less expensive and more impactful. (A successful short squeeze will dramatically increase implied
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Chart showing the price movement and volume during the 2008 short squeeze of Volkswagen shares.
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Buying by short sellers can occur if the price has risen to a point where shorts receive
114:. This sometimes happens with companies that are on the verge of filing for bankruptcy. 1808: 1803: 1703: 1688: 1449: 1444: 1409: 1208: 1175: 1121: 1113: 638: 464: 322: 260: 240: 232: 182: 267:. This squeeze caught the attention of many news networks and social media platforms. 1868: 1672: 1657: 1632: 1586: 1538: 1241: 1198: 1185: 1136: 977:"Xiang Guangda, the metals 'visionary' who brought the nickel market to a standstill" 282:
took a large short position on LME nickel, but a rise in nickel prices following the
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Rapid increase in the price of a stock owing primarily to technical factors
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Hume, Neil; Lockett, Hudson; Olcott, Eleanor; Li, Gloria (11 March 2022).
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because short sellers have to buy stock to cover their short positions.
1481: 769:"Short Squeeze Sends GameStop Shares to 2007 Levels. What Happens Next" 495:"Options Helped Fuel the GameStop Stock Squeeze. Here's How That Works" 251:, starting in January 2021, was a short squeeze occurring on shares of 197: 196:
In October 2008, a short squeeze triggered by an attempted takeover by
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more short sellers to cover their positions by buying the stock
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Yes, a Stock Can Have Short Interest Over 100 Percent
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which results in the failure of borrow requests from
1615: 1490: 1389: 1309: 1217: 1184: 1145: 1111: 157:The opposite of a short squeeze is the less common 923:McCabe, Caitlin; Ostroff, Caitlin (May 26, 2021). 864:"A Fight Over GameStop's Soaring Stock Turns Ugly" 374: 287:squeeze, shielding Guangda from much of the loss. 304:– a short squeeze is effectively a reverse crash 272:short squeeze was initiated on nickel contracts 1089: 942:Phillips, Matt; Lorenz, Taylor (2021-01-27). 8: 710: 708: 526:"A Short Squeeze In Corn May Hit The Market" 1003:"Opinion | A Chinese Nickel Market Mystery" 1096: 1082: 1074: 278:(LME). In the months prior, industrialist 634:"Freispruch fĂĽr Wiedeking rechtskräftig" 314: 229:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 536:from the original on 27 September 2020 35:is a rapid increase in the price of a 904:from the original on January 19, 2021 843:from the original on January 27, 2021 7: 874:from the original on 24 January 2021 810:from the original on 25 January 2021 779:from the original on 24 January 2021 557:"The Northern Pacific Panic of 1901" 347:Constable, Simon (6 December 2015). 662:"Freispruch fĂĽr die Porsche-Zocker" 588:from the original on 4 January 2021 1001:The Editorial Board (2022-03-22). 686:Henning, Peter J. (28 June 2012). 524:Thomas, John (13 September 2010). 505:from the original on 24 April 2021 475:from the original on 8 August 2018 43:of a stock rather than underlying 14: 373:Powell, Jamie (25 January 2021). 1352:Electronic communication network 715:Levine, Matt (26 January 2021). 660:Böcking, David (18 March 2016). 423:What Exactly Is a Short Squeeze? 200:temporarily drove the shares of 161:. A squeeze can also occur with 39:owing primarily to an excess of 894:"NYSE GAMESTOP CORPORATION GME" 607:Krstić, Ivan (7 January 2009). 387:from the original on 2022-12-10 329:from the original on 2010-09-18 574:Gow, David (29 October 2009). 376:"GameStop can't stop going up" 47:. A short squeeze occurs when 1: 1346:Multilateral trading facility 563:. Museum of American Finance. 438:Planes, Alex (9 March 2020). 255:, primarily triggered by the 1769:Returns-based style analysis 1565:Post-modern portfolio theory 1471:Security characteristic line 829:Li, Yun (January 27, 2021). 141:on securities that have low 1523:Efficient-market hypothesis 1427:Capital asset pricing model 1364:Straight-through processing 284:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1891: 1340:Alternative Trading System 1058:External links and sources 349:"What Is a Short Squeeze?" 118:Targets for short squeezes 51:has increased relative to 717:"GameStop Is Just a Game" 1404:Arbitrage pricing theory 421:Sizemore, Charles Lewis 187:Northern Pacific Railway 1683:Initial public offering 1544:Modern portfolio theory 1439:Dividend discount model 1322:List of stock exchanges 1064:What is a Squeeze Play? 220:but was acquitted by a 1571:Random walk hypothesis 862:D'Anastasio, Cecilia. 249:GameStop short squeeze 24: 1709:Market capitalization 1518:Dollar cost averaging 469:Investors Underground 276:London Metal Exchange 124:market capitalization 70:practice in which an 22: 1529:Fundamental analysis 1513:Contrarian investing 1476:Security market line 1381:Liquidity aggregator 1358:Direct market access 1269:Quantitative analyst 297:Short interest ratio 185:over control of the 1774:Reverse stock split 1719:Market manipulation 1643:Dual-listed company 1503:Algorithmic trading 1433:Capital market line 1235:Inter-dealer broker 1007:Wall Street Journal 555:Low, Peter (2010). 353:Wall Street Journal 218:market manipulation 87:naked short selling 1814:Stock market index 1653:Efficient frontier 1592:Technical analysis 1550:Momentum investing 1372:(private exchange) 1262:Proprietary trader 1204:Shares outstanding 1194:Authorised capital 948:The New York Times 428:, January 28, 2021 302:Stock market crash 239:In November 2015, 214:Wendelin Wiedeking 143:implied volatility 25: 1862: 1861: 1663:Flight-to-quality 1415:Buffett indicator 1105:Financial markets 721:Bloomberg Opinion 561:Financial History 270:In March 2022, a 216:was charged with 163:futures contracts 1882: 1779:Share repurchase 1491:Trading theories 1376:Crossing network 1334:Over-the-counter 1171:Restricted stock 1127:Secondary market 1098: 1091: 1084: 1075: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1022: 1021: 998: 992: 991: 989: 987: 972: 966: 965: 963: 962: 939: 933: 932: 920: 914: 913: 911: 909: 890: 884: 883: 881: 879: 859: 853: 852: 850: 848: 826: 820: 819: 817: 815: 795: 789: 788: 786: 784: 764: 758: 757: 755: 753: 748:. 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Archived from 604: 598: 597: 595: 593: 571: 565: 564: 552: 546: 545: 543: 541: 521: 515: 514: 512: 510: 491: 485: 484: 482: 480: 465:"Short Squeezes" 461: 455: 454: 452: 450: 435: 429: 419: 413: 403: 397: 396: 394: 392: 378: 370: 364: 363: 361: 359: 344: 338: 337: 335: 334: 319: 135:out of the money 103:stop-loss orders 1890: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1858: 1849:Voting interest 1759:Public offering 1694:Mandatory offer 1668:Government bond 1648:DuPont analysis 1611: 1607:Value investing 1602:Value averaging 1597:Trend following 1582:Style investing 1577:Sector rotation 1492: 1486: 1465:Net asset value 1391:Stock valuation 1385: 1305: 1213: 1180: 1166:Preferred stock 1141: 1107: 1102: 1060: 1055: 1054: 1044: 1042: 1041:. 10 March 2022 1033: 1032: 1028: 1019: 1017: 1000: 999: 995: 985: 983: 981:Financial Times 974: 973: 969: 960: 958: 941: 940: 936: 922: 921: 917: 907: 905: 892: 891: 887: 877: 875: 861: 860: 856: 846: 844: 828: 827: 823: 813: 811: 797: 796: 792: 782: 780: 767:Smith, Connor. 766: 765: 761: 751: 749: 740: 739: 735: 725: 723: 714: 713: 706: 696: 694: 685: 684: 680: 670: 668: 659: 658: 654: 645: 643: 632: 631: 627: 618: 616: 606: 605: 601: 591: 589: 573: 572: 568: 554: 553: 549: 539: 537: 523: 522: 518: 508: 506: 493: 492: 488: 478: 476: 463: 462: 458: 448: 446: 444:The Motley Fool 437: 436: 432: 420: 416: 410:The Motley Fool 405:Caplinger, Dan 404: 400: 390: 388: 372: 371: 367: 357: 355: 346: 345: 341: 332: 330: 323:"Short Squeeze" 321: 320: 316: 311: 293: 171: 155: 120: 61: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1888: 1886: 1878: 1877: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1809:Stock exchange 1806: 1804:Stock dilution 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1729:Mean reversion 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1704:Market anomaly 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1623:Bid–ask spread 1619: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1499: 1497: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1473: 1468: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1450:Earnings yield 1447: 1445:Dividend yield 1442: 1436: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1407: 1401: 1395: 1393: 1387: 1386: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1336:(off-exchange) 1331: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1313: 1311: 1310:Trading venues 1307: 1306: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1209:Treasury stock 1206: 1201: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1176:Tracking stock 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1152: 1150: 1143: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1122:Primary market 1118: 1116: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1100: 1093: 1086: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1026: 993: 967: 934: 915: 885: 854: 821: 790: 759: 733: 704: 692:New York Times 678: 652: 639:Spiegel Online 625: 599: 566: 547: 516: 486: 456: 430: 414: 398: 365: 339: 313: 312: 310: 307: 306: 305: 299: 292: 289: 261:WallStreetBets 241:Martin Shkreli 233:Philip Falcone 183:E. 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Harriman 170: 167: 154: 151: 119: 116: 60: 57: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1887: 1876: 1875:Short selling 1873: 1872: 1870: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1784:Short selling 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1673:Greenspan put 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1658:Financial law 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1633:Cross listing 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616:Related terms 1614: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1587:Swing trading 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1555:Mosaic theory 1553: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1539:Market timing 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1327:Trading hours 1325: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1242:Broker-dealer 1240: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1199:Issued shares 1197: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1186:Share capital 1183: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1149: 1144: 1138: 1137:Fourth market 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1110: 1106: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1040: 1036: 1030: 1027: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 997: 994: 982: 978: 971: 968: 957: 953: 949: 945: 938: 935: 930: 926: 919: 916: 903: 899: 895: 889: 886: 873: 869: 865: 858: 855: 842: 838: 837: 832: 825: 822: 809: 805: 804:Yahoo! 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Hill 173:In May 1901, 168: 166: 164: 160: 152: 150: 148: 144: 140: 136: 131: 129: 125: 117: 115: 113: 112:prime brokers 108: 104: 99: 94: 90: 88: 84: 80: 75: 73: 69: 65: 64:Short selling 58: 56: 54: 50: 46: 42: 41:short selling 38: 34: 33:short squeeze 30: 21: 1834:Tender offer 1754:Public float 1724:Market trend 1714:Market depth 1534:Growth stock 1508:Buy and hold 1417:(Cap-to-GDP) 1257:Floor trader 1247:Market maker 1230:Floor broker 1218:Participants 1161:Golden share 1156:Common stock 1132:Third market 1043:. Retrieved 1038: 1029: 1018:. Retrieved 1006: 996: 984:. Retrieved 980: 970: 959:. Retrieved 947: 937: 928: 918: 906:. Retrieved 898:www.nyse.com 897: 888: 876:. Retrieved 867: 857: 845:. Retrieved 834: 824: 812:. Retrieved 803: 793: 781:. Retrieved 772: 762: 750:. Retrieved 745: 736: 724:. Retrieved 720: 695:. Retrieved 691: 681: 669:. Retrieved 665: 655: 644:. Retrieved 642:. 2016-07-28 637: 628: 617:. Retrieved 613:the original 602: 590:. 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Morgan 172: 159:long squeeze 156: 153:Long squeeze 139:Call options 132: 121: 98:margin calls 95: 91: 76: 62: 45:fundamentals 32: 29:stock market 26: 1839:Uptick rule 1819:Stock split 1799:Squeeze-out 1794:Speculation 1739:Open outcry 1628:Block trade 1560:Pairs trade 1039:finews.asia 929:www.wsj.com 908:January 28, 847:January 27, 752:January 26, 746:Mox Reports 671:25 February 479:11 November 105:with their 1844:Volatility 1824:Stock swap 1744:Order book 1495:strategies 1421:Book value 1289:Arbitrager 1284:Speculator 1020:2022-11-16 961:2021-04-06 878:25 January 814:25 January 783:25 January 726:29 January 697:29 January 646:2017-10-25 619:2010-11-25 592:25 January 540:25 January 449:1 February 412:, Jan 2021 391:29 January 358:29 January 333:2010-09-17 309:References 147:volatility 1460:Fed model 1455:EV/EBITDA 1370:Dark pool 1301:Regulator 1146:Types of 1112:Types of 1015:0099-9660 956:0362-4331 426:Kiplinger 222:Stuttgart 206:Xetra DAX 1869:Category 1789:Slippage 1749:Position 1734:Momentum 1638:Dividend 1317:Exchange 1274:Investor 1045:12 March 986:12 March 902:Archived 872:Archived 841:Archived 808:Archived 777:Archived 586:Archived 534:Archived 503:Archived 499:Barron's 473:Archived 385:Archived 327:Archived 291:See also 253:GameStop 231:charged 169:Examples 72:investor 59:Overview 1678:Haircut 1482:T-model 1294:Scalper 1114:markets 773:Barrons 666:Spiegel 274:on the 224:court. 204:on the 198:Porsche 107:brokers 68:finance 27:In the 1699:Margin 1567:(PMPT) 1429:(CAPM) 1279:Hedger 1252:Trader 1225:Broker 1148:stocks 1013:  954:  509:6 June 259:forum 257:Reddit 79:market 53:supply 49:demand 1854:Yield 1829:Trade 1764:Rally 1685:(IPO) 1573:(RMH) 1546:(MPT) 1525:(EMH) 1478:(SML) 1467:(NAV) 1441:(DDM) 1435:(CML) 1406:(APT) 1399:Alpha 1366:(STP) 1360:(DMA) 1354:(ECN) 1348:(MTF) 1342:(ATS) 868:Wired 208:from 128:float 66:is a 37:stock 1689:Long 1493:and 1423:(BV) 1410:Beta 1047:2022 1011:ISSN 988:2022 952:ISSN 910:2021 880:2021 849:2021 836:CNBC 816:2021 785:2021 754:2021 728:2021 699:2021 673:2021 594:2021 542:2021 511:2021 481:2016 451:2021 393:2021 360:2021 265:NYSE 247:The 177:and 126:and 31:, a 149:). 1871:: 1037:. 1009:. 1005:. 979:. 950:. 946:. 927:. 900:. 896:. 870:. 866:. 839:. 833:. 806:. 802:. 775:. 771:. 744:. 719:. 707:^ 690:. 664:. 636:. 584:. 578:. 559:. 532:. 528:. 501:. 497:. 471:. 467:. 442:. 383:. 379:. 351:. 325:. 1097:e 1090:t 1083:v 1049:. 1023:. 990:. 964:. 931:. 912:. 882:. 851:. 818:. 787:. 756:. 730:. 701:. 675:. 649:. 622:. 596:. 544:. 513:. 483:. 453:. 395:. 362:. 336:. 210:€

Index


stock market
stock
short selling
fundamentals
demand
supply
Short selling
finance
investor
market
more short sellers to cover their positions by buying the stock
naked short selling
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stop-loss orders
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Call options
implied volatility
volatility
long squeeze
futures contracts
James J. Hill
J. P. Morgan
E. H. Harriman
Northern Pacific Railway
Panic of 1901

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