928:) is the last element of sparring learned. In this exercise, two training partners are free to use any karate technique or combination of attacks, and the defender at any given moment is free to avoid, block, counter, or attack with any karate technique. Training partners are encouraged to make controlled and focused contact with their opponent, but to withdraw their attack as soon as surface contact has been made. This allows attacking a full range of target areas (including punches and kicks to the face, head, throat, and body) with no padding or protective gloves, but maintains a degree of safety for the participants. Throwing one's partner and performing
55:
2717:
890:). Though there is only one step involved, rather than three or five, this exercise is more advanced because it involves a greater variety of attacks and blocks usually the defenders own choice. It also requires the defender to execute a counter-attack faster than in the earlier types of sparring. Counter-attacks may be almost anything, including strikes, grapples, and take-down manoeuvres.
283:
576:
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sparring, however, the attacker may then be required to block the defender's counter-attack and strike back. This exercise is often considered more difficult than either freestyle one-step sparring or free sparring, as the defender typically cannot escape to a safe distance in time to avoid the counter to the counter-attack.
398:
384:
are characterised by deep, long stances that provide stability, enable powerful movements, and strengthen the legs. Shotokan is regarded as a dynamic martial art as it develops anaerobic, powerful techniques as well as developing speed. Initially strength and power are demonstrated instead of slower,
961:
any and all techniques, within reason, are valid; punches, knife hand strikes, headbutt, locks, takedowns, kicks, etc. In competition certain regulations apply, certain techniques are valid, and certain target areas, such as the joints or throat, are forbidden. The purpose of competition is to score
946:
is an additional sparring exercise that is usually introduced for higher grades. This starts in a similar manner to freestyle one-step sparring; the attacker names the attack he/she will execute, attacks with that technique, and the defender blocks and counters the attack. Unlike freestyle one-step
487:
However, many schools of JKA (Japan Karate
Association) affiliated with Shotokan Karate used the full terminology on a daily basis, providing translations also. For example, the KUI (Karate Union of Ireland), utilises the full and proper Japanese name for each move and kata in training, grading and
527:
Kihon basics is the practice of basic techniques in
Shotokan Karate. It includes stances, blocks, punches, kicks, various displacements and their combinations, as well as the practice of Kihon Kata like: Taikyoku Shodan, which was developed by Yoshitaka Funakoshi, the son of Gichin Funakoshi, as a
442:
lists five philosophical rules for training in the dojo: seek perfection of character, be faithful, endeavor to excel, respect others, and refrain from violent behaviour. These rules are called the Five Maxims of Karate. The dōjō kun is usually posted on a wall in the dojo, and some shotokan clubs
433:, lies the philosophy of Shotokan. The principles allude to notions of humility, respect, compassion, patience, and both an inward and outward calmness. It was Funakoshi's belief that through karate practice and observation of these 20 principles, the karateka would improve their person.
255:, who continued to teach karate after his death in 1957. However, internal disagreements (in particular the notion that competition is contrary to the essence of karate) led to the creation of different organisations—including an initial split between the
993:. After years of study in both styles, Funakoshi created a simpler system that combined the ideals of the two. He never named this system, however, always referring to it simply as "karate." Funakoshi's karate reflects the changes made in the art by
909:, and its successor—free sparring, have been documented extensively by Nakayama and are expanded upon by the JKA instructor trainee program, for those clubs under the JKA. Freestyle one-step sparring is similar to one-step sparring but requires the
385:
more flowing motions. Those who progress to brown and black belt level develop a much more fluid style that incorporates grappling, throwing and some standing joint locking techniques, which can be found even in basic kata.
893:
Some schools prescribe the defences, most notably the Kase-ha
Shotokan-ryū, which uses an eight step, three directional blocking and attacking pattern, which develops from yellow belt level through to advanced level.
323:, meaning "pine-waves" (the movement of pine needles when the wind blows through them), was Funakoshi's pen-name, which he used in his poetic and philosophical writings and messages to his students. The Japanese
496:
Rank is used in karate to indicate experience, expertise, and to a lesser degree, seniority. As with many martial arts, Shotokan uses a system of coloured belts to indicate rank. Most
Shotokan schools use the
593:
is often described as a set sequence of karate moves organised into a pre-arranged fight against imaginary opponents. The kata consists of kicks, punches, sweeps, strikes and blocks. Body movement in various
621:, which is the master text of Shotokan karate. Japan Shotokai's kata syllabus is the same as established in "Karate-do Kyohan" with the addition of Gigo Funakoshi's staff kata Matsukaze No Kon. When the
509:
system but have added other belt colours. The order of colours varies widely from school to school, but kyu belts are denoted with colours that in some schools become darker as a student approaches
513:. Dan level belts are invariably black, with some schools using stripes to denote various ranks of black belt. Gichin Funakoshi himself never awarded a rank higher than Godan (5th dan black belt).
2110:
1045:) to indicate rank. Originally, karate had only three belt colors: white, brown, and black (with ranks within each). The original belt system, still used by many Shotokan schools, is:
1827:
220:
and is widely credited with popularizing "karate do" through a series of public demonstrations, and by promoting the development of university karate clubs, including those at
818:, or sparring (lit. Meeting of hands), is the practical application of kihon and kata to real opponents. The formalities of kumite in Shotokan karate were first instituted by
860:
is taught in ever increasing complexity from beginner through low grade blackbelt (1st – 2nd) to intermediate (3rd – 4th) and advanced (5th onwards) level practitioners.
528:
basic introduction to karate kata. (Yoshitaka also developed
Taikyoku Nidan and Sandan.) This first kata consists of successive restatements following the theme of
617:
Several
Shotokan groups have introduced "kata" (form) from other styles into their training. The original Shotokan kata syllabus is introduced in Funakoshi's book
1899:
1319:. The kwans eventually united and it led to a unified martial art style that is now known as Taekwondo. The kwans which style had Shotokan heritage included
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2538:
1939:
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states that freestyle one-step sparring is the most realistic practice in
Shotokan Karate, and that it is more realistic than free sparring.
446:
Funakoshi also wrote: "The ultimate aim of Karate lies not in victory or defeat, but in the perfection of the character of the participant."
1614:
2332:
346:, which they placed above the entrance of the hall where Funakoshi taught. Gichin Funakoshi never gave his system a name, just calling it
932:
are permitted in free sparring, but it is unusual for competition matches to involve extended grappling or ground-wrestling, as
Shotokan
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484:. The Japanese form is often retained in schools outside Japan to preserve the Okinawan culture and Funakoshi's philosophies.
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271:), followed by many others—so that today there is no single "Shotokan school", although they all bear Funakoshi's influence.
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940:), avoiding extended periods of conflict, or unnecessary contact in situations where there may be more than one attacker.
1109:
875:) with the defender stepping backwards whilst blocking and only countering on the last defence. These drills use basic (
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recite the dōjō kun at the beginning and/or end of each class to provide motivation and a context for further training.
389:(fighting) techniques are practiced in the kihon and kata and developed from basic to advanced levels with an opponent.
917:) skills, and also provides an opportunity for practicing major counter-attacks (as opposed to minor counter-attacks).
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As the most widely practiced style, Shotokan is considered a traditional and influential form of karate do.
229:
643:(sometimes termed Kata Kihon or Kihon Kata, the name has been discontinued in some Shotokan dojos) (太極初段),
2051:
Randall G. Hassell and Edmond Otis. "The
Complete Idiot's Guide to Karate". (Penguin Group (USA), 2000),
140:
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principles while creating an exciting and competitive atmosphere, whereas the purpose of training
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means "house" or "hall". In honour of their sensei, Funakoshi's students created a sign reading
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879:) techniques and develop a sense of timing and distance in defence against a known attack.
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wherein basic, intermediate, and advanced sparring techniques and rules were formalised.
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and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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includes stepping, twisting, turning, dropping to the ground, and jumping. In
Shotokan,
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is a performance or a demonstration, with every technique potentially a killing blow (
421:), which form the foundations of the art, before some of his students established the
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Perfection of Character: Guiding Principles for the Martial arts & Everyday Life
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1085:(Otsuka), Akiba, Shimizu, Hirose, Makoto Gima, and Shinyō Kasuya on 10 April 1924.
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in an effort to make the Okinawan kata names easier to pronounce in the Japanese
460:
Many terms used in karate stem from Japanese culture. While many are names (e.g.
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was the name of the first official dojo built by Gichin Funakoshi, in 1936 at
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Shotokan served as the basis for several styles practiced by a number of the
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is to be prepared to kill or cripple an opponent in a realistic situation.
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had trained in both of the popular styles of Okinawan karate of the time:
610:
grows older, more emphasis is placed on the health benefits of practicing
2684:
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2624:
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1771:
Ohshima, Tsutomu (1998). "Notes on Training". Idyll Arbor, Enumclaw, WA.
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1023:
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Shotokan practitioners first learn how to apply the techniques taught in
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699:
537:
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403:
1503:(1981). "Karate-do: My Way of Life". Kodansha International Ltd, Tokyo.
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in Shotokan, although he has long practiced other karate styles such as
606:)—while paying particular attention to form and timing (rhythm). As the
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1029:
711:
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to be in motion. Practicing one-step sparring improves free sparring (
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372:
201:
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2502:
1947:
Shotokan's Secret: The Hidden Truth Behind Karate's Fighting Origins
1788:
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black belt in Shotokan karate, while his brother Shinzo holds a 4th
1019:
614:, promoting fitness while keeping the body soft, supple, and agile.
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397:
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705:
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73:
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through basic drills, of one, three or five attacks to the head (
2619:
2405:
1038:
759:
681:
469:
252:
251:
Funakoshi had many students at the university clubs and outside
2155:
1442:(1973). "Karate-do Kyohan", Kodansha International Ltd, Tokyo.
430:
637:
syllabus for this organisation. The standard JKA kata are:
633:(26 mainly practised throughout most organisations) as the
1577:
2151:
936:
are encouraged to end an encounter with a single attack (
1414:
Okinawan Karate: Teachers, styles, and secret techniques
425:(JKA). Within these twenty principles, based heavily on
1819:"Bear Grylls: 'I'm 40, and fitter than I've ever been'"
358:
Shotokan training is usually divided into three parts:
2147:
Grades, belts and training syllabus of Shotokan Karate
2082:
Willy J. Ortiz. "Funakoshi, Father of Modern Karate"
1626:
The Official Homepage of Dai Nihon Karate-do Shotokai
476:). Many terms are seldom used in daily life, such as
2572:
2516:
2480:
2434:
2386:
2233:
2207:
1800:Adams, Andy (1971). "The Father of Modern Karate".
1006:series. Funakoshi changed the names of some of the
166:
124:
110:
100:
84:
69:
61:
1900:"Wesley Snipes: Action man courts a new beginning"
1850:"Elvis Presley Was A 7th Dan Black Belt In Karate"
1817:
1716:Conversations with the Master: Masatoshi Nakayama
1714:Randall G. Hassell and Teruyuki Okazaki, (1983).
852:is the third part of the Shotokan triumvirate of
1636:Sugiyama, Shojiro (1984). "25 Shoto-Kan Kata".
953:within the dojo often differs from competition
335:
316:
193:
1985:Karate-do Nyumon: The Master Introductory Text
1287:U.S. intercollegiate shotokan karate champions
468:), others are exclusive to martial arts (e.g.
329:
310:
187:
2167:
1733:
1731:
1671:
1669:
1364:and their father Yoshizo Machida holds a 7th
8:
1718:, Palmerston & Reed Publishing Company.
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1435:
1433:
43:
1658:Redmond, Rob (2008). "The Shotokan Canon".
1292:List of major Shotokan Karate organizations
300:, and destroyed in 1945 as a result of the
2174:
2160:
2152:
2038:Shotokan Karate: Its History and Evolution
1762:, Kodansha International. ASIN B000TBPU3C.
1697:
1695:
1693:
1093:For practitioners of Shotokan Karate, see
216:(1906–1945). Gichin Funakoshi was born in
172:
1883:"Male Celebs Who Practice Martial Arts",
480:, while others appear routinely, such as
1615:Black Belt Magazine, March 1982, page 22
1472:"Gichin Funakoshi, the father of karate"
1404:
1308:
1603:South African JKA Affiliated Life Book
540:by following the known "H" pattern or
42:
2539:World University Karate Championships
7:
2001:(Panchita S. Hawley, 2nd ed. 2000),
829:to hypothetical opponents by way of
1705:, Sake Publishers. ASIN B000Q81406.
1081:) Shotokan karate ranks to Tokuda,
1964:Shotokan Karate: A Precise History
1889:, 24 September 2001, at pp. 38–39.
1041:. This system uses colored belts (
962:points through the application of
370:(forms or patterns of moves), and
267:(headed by Motonobu Hironishi and
25:
2564:Karate World Championships Junior
2132:All of this is... Shotokan Karate
2063:Kata: The Folk Dances of Shotokan
1971:Karate-do Kyohan: The Master Text
1865:"John Saxon's Greatest Challenge"
1660:Kata: The Folk Dances of Shotokan
2715:
1863:Jacques, Steve (1 August 1973).
1830:from the original on 14 May 2015
1556:"'The Twenty Precepts of Karate"
1271:
1095:Category: Shotokan practitioners
1071:Funakoshi awarded the first 1st
901:is freestyle one-step sparring (
53:
2142:The Katas Of Shotokan Karate-Do
1017:In 1924, Funakoshi adopted the
924:Free sparring (or free style) (
1:
2559:Karate at the Summer Olympics
2554:European Karate Championships
2126:Learning Shotokan Kata – Empi
1999:Unante: The Secrets of Karate
1677:Best Karate, Vol. 3: Kumite 1
1027:rank system and the uniform (
842:then matures into controlled
1789:Japan Karatedo International
1758:Masatoshi Nakayama. (1966).
1739:Best Karate, Vol 4: Kumite 2
1703:Karate-dō: Perfecting Kumite
1460:Funakoshi Gichin (1868–1957)
882:At around purple belt level
1737:Masatoshi Nakayama (1978).
1675:Masatoshi Nakayama (1978).
1662:(4th ed.). p. 45.
1297:List of shotokan techniques
336:
317:
194:
2763:
2544:Asian Karate Championships
2534:Karate World Championships
1741:, Kodansha International.
1679:, Kodansha International.
1521:Funakoshi, Gichin (1973).
1099:
1092:
806:
551:
520:
453:
376:(sparring). Techniques in
214:Gigo (Yoshitaka) Funakoshi
31:
2713:
2549:Karate at the Asian Games
2529:Karate at the World Games
2189:
1701:Masahiko Tanaka, (2001).
1576:Teruyuki Okazaki (2006).
886:learn one-step sparring (
415:Twenty Precepts of Karate
330:
311:
204:, developed from various
188:
52:
1932:11 Innovations in Karate
1370:Japan Karate Association
423:Japan Karate Association
257:Japan Karate Association
212:(1868–1957) and his son
32:Not to be confused with
2111:considered for deletion
1579:Perfection of Character
1148:Geoff Thompson (writer)
536:, and performing three
2014:Best Embusen: Shotokan
863:Beginners first learn
854:kihon, kata and kumite
587:
584:Best Embusen: Shotokan
582:of Heian Shodan (from
572:
407:
290:
2747:Japanese martial arts
2220:Okinawan martial arts
2215:Japanese martial arts
1906:. London. 4 June 2010
1193:Jean-Claude Van Damme
1089:Notable practitioners
578:
561:
400:
285:
230:Hitotsubashi (Shodai)
173:notable practitioners
2333:Shōrinjiryū Kenkōkan
2225:Chinese martial arts
2194:Comparison of styles
2036:Randall G. Hassell.
1554:JKA, Official site.
1529:. Kodansha. p.
1412:Mark Bishop (1999).
1372:'s Brazilian branch.
1368:and was head of the
1106:adding missing items
456:List of karate terms
1317:original nine Kwans
944:Kaishu ippon kumite
401:Calligraphy of the
94:Yoshitaka Funakoshi
49:
2640:Nijūshiho/Niseishi
2068:Teruyuki Okazaki.
2020:Masatoshi Nakayama
1983:Gichin Funakoshi.
1969:Gichin Funakoshi.
1183:James delos Santos
1163:Hidetaka Nishiyama
1056:3rd rising to 1st
1049:8th rising to 4th
897:The next level of
820:Masatoshi Nakayama
588:
573:
408:
291:
261:Masatoshi Nakayama
125:Descendant schools
2729:
2728:
2722:The Karate Portal
2630:Kūsankū/Kanku-dai
2040:(Damashi, 1984).
1940:978-0-9669048-3-3
1501:Funakoshi, Gichin
1440:Funakoshi, Gichin
1223:Michael Jai White
1188:Jason David Frank
1037:, the founder of
903:jiyu ippon kumite
180:
179:
70:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
2754:
2719:
2435:Training methods
2313:Shindo Jinen Ryu
2176:
2169:
2162:
2153:
2114:
2012:Marius Podeanu.
1928:Shojiro Sugiyama
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1896:
1890:
1881:
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1853:
1852:. 12 March 2020.
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1638:Shojiro Sugiyama
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1525:Karate-Do Kyohan
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1158:Hideaki Yamazaki
1110:reliable sources
997:, including the
983:Gichin Funakoshi
905:). This type of
619:Karate-do Kyohan
571:(観空大) kata, 1924
563:Gichin Funakoshi
411:Gichin Funakoshi
341:
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333:
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210:Gichin Funakoshi
199:
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141:Shindō jinen-ryū
111:Ancestor schools
89:Gichin Funakoshi
57:
50:
48:
21:
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2756:
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2665:Seisan/Hangetsu
2635:Naihanchi/Tekki
2568:
2512:
2476:
2430:
2382:
2229:
2203:
2185:
2180:
2099:
2096:
1945:Bruce Clayton.
1924:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1904:The Independent
1898:
1897:
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1826:. 13 May 2015.
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1208:Lorraine Bracco
1203:Kyoji Horiguchi
1113:
1098:
1091:
1083:Hironori Ōtsuka
1063:1st and higher
1033:) developed by
980:
919:Tsutomu Ohshima
811:
805:
640:Taikyoku shodan
556:
550:
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494:
458:
452:
395:
356:
354:Characteristics
327:
308:
302:Tokyo air raids
286:Calligraphy of
280:
185:
145:Yoseikan Karate
92:
46:
45:
41:
38:Shodokan Aikido
28:
23:
22:
18:Shotokan karate
15:
12:
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5:
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2094:External links
2092:
2091:
2090:
2080:
2078:978-0978576325
2066:
2059:
2057:978-0028638324
2049:
2034:
2032:978-1568364131
2024:Dynamic Karate
2017:
2010:
1995:
1993:978-4770018915
1981:
1979:978-1568364827
1967:
1957:
1955:978-0897501880
1943:
1942:. Chicago, IL.
1923:
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1760:Dynamic Karate
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2200:
2199:List of terms
2197:
2195:
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2188:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2157:
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2093:
2089:
2088:952-92-0852-9
2085:
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2075:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:Rob Redmond.
2060:
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2054:
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2047:
2046:0-911921-05-2
2043:
2039:
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2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:0-910704-96-1
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1824:The Telegraph
1820:
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1777:0-937663-32-8
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1356:"Holds a 3rd
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1325:Chung Do Kwan
1322:
1321:Song Moo Kwan
1318:
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1248:Wesley Snipes
1246:
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1234:
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793:(五十四歩大), and
792:
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790:Gojūshiho dai
786:
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784:Gojūshiho shō
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629:laid down 27
628:
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604:ikken hisatsu
601:
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531:
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501:
491:
489:
488:competition.
485:
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479:
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471:
467:
463:
457:
449:
447:
444:
441:
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413:laid out the
412:
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269:Shigeru Egami
266:
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196:
184:
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169:
167:Practitioners
165:
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68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
39:
35:
30:
19:
2721:
2720:
2655:Rōhai/Meikyo
2472:Full contact
2337:
2131:
2104:
2069:
2062:
2037:
2023:
2013:
1998:
1997:John Sells.
1984:
1970:
1963:
1946:
1931:
1922:Bibliography
1908:. Retrieved
1903:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1868:
1858:
1844:
1832:. Retrieved
1823:
1812:
1806:(10): 41–47.
1801:
1795:
1784:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1738:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1676:
1659:
1653:
1632:
1621:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1578:
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1549:
1524:
1516:
1475:. Retrieved
1466:
1455:
1413:
1407:
1382:
1377:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1345:Jung Do Kwan
1341:Han Moo Kwan
1329:Moo Duk Kwan
1311:
1279:Japan portal
1228:Robert Queen
1173:Howard Stern
1153:Henry Cejudo
1102:dynamic list
1076:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1007:
998:
981:
971:
967:
963:
958:
954:
950:
949:
943:
942:
937:
933:
925:
923:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
896:
892:
888:ippon kumite
887:
883:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
862:
857:
853:
849:
848:
843:
839:
833:
830:
826:
824:
813:
812:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
754:Meikyō/Rōhai
752:
746:
740:
734:
730:Tekki sandan
728:
722:
718:Tekki shodan
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
664:Heian yondan
662:
658:Heian sandan
656:
650:
646:Heian shodan
644:
638:
634:
630:
625:was formed,
618:
616:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
589:
583:
566:
526:
504:
498:
495:
486:
459:
450:Common terms
445:
437:
435:
414:
409:
402:
386:
381:
377:
371:
365:
359:
357:
347:
343:
324:
305:
293:
292:
287:
273:
250:
206:martial arts
182:
181:
170:
62:Date founded
29:
27:Karate style
2650:Pinan/Heian
2517:Competition
2303:Seidokaikan
1640:, Chicago.
1477:21 December
1337:Yun Mu Kwan
1253:Won Kuk Lee
1238:T.J. Stiles
1123:Bear Grylls
1035:Kano Jigoro
1000:Heian/Pinan
959:dojo kumite
926:jiyu kumite
915:jiyu kumite
871:) or body (
840:Kata bunkai
724:Tekki nidan
670:Heian godan
652:Heian nidan
554:Karate kata
530:gedan barai
259:(headed by
161:Soo Bahk Do
153:Tang soo do
101:Arts taught
96:(1906–1945)
91:(1868–1957)
2736:Categories
2401:Joint lock
2388:Techniques
2328:Shōrei-ryū
2323:Shōrin-ryū
2293:Motobu-ryū
2283:Isshin-ryū
2278:Gosoku-ryu
2268:Gensei-ryū
1960:Harry Cook
1870:Black Belt
1834:5 November
1803:Black Belt
1416:. Tuttle.
1400:References
1381:Has a 3rd
1243:Taiji Kase
1233:Sean Kanan
1198:John Saxon
1118:Anne-Marie
1100:This is a
995:Ankō Itosu
991:Shōrin-ryū
987:Shōrei-ryū
766:Bassai shō
676:Bassai dai
565:executing
393:Philosophy
364:(basics),
263:) and the
119:Shōrin-ryū
115:Shōrei-ryū
2675:Shisochin
2670:Seiunchin
2615:Gojūshiho
2610:Fukyugata
2498:Karate gi
2363:Uechi-ryū
2353:Shuri-ryū
2318:Shitō-ryū
2298:Ryūei-ryū
2288:Kyokushin
2258:Chitō-ryū
2109:is being
1930:. (2005).
1387:Kyokushin
1218:Mas Oyama
1178:Hwang Kee
1014:dialect.
930:takedowns
787:(五十四歩小),
772:Kankū shō
736:Nijūshiho
694:Kanku dai
568:Kanku dai
344:shōtō-kan
278:Etymology
242:Gakushuin
234:Takushoku
157:Taekwondo
149:Kyokushin
137:Chitō-ryū
2742:Shotokan
2685:Taikyoku
2625:Hangetsu
2493:Dōjō kun
2467:Makiwara
2378:Yoshukai
2373:Yoseikan
2368:Wadō-ryū
2358:Tōon-ryū
2348:Shūkōkai
2343:Shūdōkan
2338:Shotokan
2308:Shidōkan
2273:Gōjū-ryū
2253:Byakuren
2243:Ashihara
2117:Shotokan
2102:template
1873:: 14–18.
1828:Archived
1511:. pg. 85
1391:Goju Ryu
1333:Jidokwan
1265:See also
934:karateka
911:karateka
884:karateka
739:(二十四步),
733:(鉄騎三段),
727:(鉄騎二段),
721:(鉄騎初段),
700:Hangetsu
673:(平安五段),
667:(平安四段),
661:(平安三段),
655:(平安二段),
649:(平安初段),
627:Nakayama
608:karateka
538:oi tsuki
534:oi tsuki
439:dōjō kun
419:Niju kun
404:Niju kun
294:Shotokan
288:Shotokan
265:Shotokai
195:Shōtōkan
183:Shotokan
133:Shōtōkai
129:Wadō-ryū
44:Shōtōkan
34:Shūdōkan
2660:Sanchin
2481:Culture
2421:Strikes
2416:Stances
2411:Punches
2248:Budokan
2208:Origins
2137:YouTube
1910:10 June
1605:(2010).
1582:. GMW.
1561:16 July
1067:: black
1060:: brown
1053:: white
1030:keikogi
978:History
970:in the
775:(観空小),
769:(披塞小),
712:Gankaku
697:(観空大),
679:(披塞大),
580:Embusen
542:Embusen
466:Gankaku
427:bushido
218:Okinawa
85:Founder
78:Okinawa
2705:Wanshū
2700:Wankan
2690:Tensho
2680:Sōchin
2595:Chinte
2585:Ananku
2462:Kobudō
2457:Kumite
2452:Bunkai
2396:Blocks
2263:Enshin
2235:Styles
2183:Karate
2121:Curlie
2115:
2106:Curlie
2086:
2076:
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2044:
2030:
2005:
1991:
1977:
1953:
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1537:
1507:
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1078:shodan
1012:Honshū
968:kumite
964:kumite
955:kumite
951:Kumite
907:kumite
899:kumite
873:chudan
865:kumite
858:Kumite
850:Kumite
844:kumite
835:bunkai
815:Kumite
809:Kumite
803:Kumite
799:(慈陰).
781:(王冠),
778:Wankan
763:(雲手),
757:(明鏡),
751:(壯鎭),
748:Sōchin
745:(珍手),
742:Chinte
715:(岩鶴),
709:(十手),
703:(半月),
691:(燕飛),
685:(慈恩),
511:shodan
474:kumite
387:Kumite
373:kumite
348:karate
298:Mejiro
244:, and
226:Waseda
202:karate
105:Karate
2590:Annan
2580:Anaku
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2426:Throw
2406:Kicks
2100:‹The
1303:Notes
1108:with
1075:(初段;
957:. In
938:ippon
877:kihon
869:jodan
796:Ji'in
706:Jitte
523:Kihon
517:Kihon
492:Ranks
462:Heian
378:kihon
361:kihon
318:Shōtō
306:Shoto
253:dojos
246:Hosei
171:(see
74:Japan
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2620:Jion
2605:Enpi
2573:Kata
2488:Dōjō
2447:Kata
2084:ISBN
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1951:ISBN
1936:ISBN
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1836:2020
1773:ISBN
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1584:ISBN
1563:2006
1535:ISBN
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429:and
417:(or
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