28:
261:
injury. Zurabin was found not guilty of all charges on grounds of insanity, and "ordered to be kept in custody as a criminal lunatic until further notice". Shein and Ben-Yosef were sentenced to death by hanging. According to Shlaim, as the verdict was announced, Shein and
Zurabin stood up and shouted at the top of their voices: "Long live the Kingdom of Israel on both banks of the Jordan!" Shein's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment when his birth certificate fetched from Poland proved he was under 18 years old. He was released from prison in 1946. General
320:
300:" says Lexicon that he did so "in order to determine the image of a fearless Hebrew warrior who sacrifices his life for the sake of his people and his homeland." Before his death, Ben Yosef wrote: "I am going to die, and I am not at all sorry, because I am going to die for our country!" The night before his execution, a group of journalists visited Ben-Yosef in his cell in
304:, where he refused consolation, declared that he was proud to be the first Jew to go to the gallows, and said "in dying I shall do my people a greater service than in life. Let the world see that Jews are not afraid to face death." On the wall of his death cell, he etched out "to die or to conquer the height" and "death compared with one's country is nothing."
114:
367:, then 15, would be radicalized by Ben-Yosef's execution, instilling in him an urge for vengeance against the British. He would be involved in numerous Irgun activities, for which he would be executed himself, along with three other men, on April 16, 1947. All four men would each be commemorated as one of the Olei Hagardom.
311:, no rabbi was available to give him consolation. While being escorted to the gallows, he sang the Betar anthem. Seconds before he was hanged, he called out "long live the Jewish state! Long live Jabotinsky!" Following his execution, his body was turned over to six Betar members waiting at the prison gates.
276:
who was found to be of good character had ended with a reprieve. However, the
British authorities, who had executed convicted Arabs over the course of the Arab Revolt, wanted to hang Ben-Yosef as a demonstration of their even-handedness, and General Haining was pressured to confirm Ben-Yosef's death
260:
Military Court, charged with offenses under the
Emergency (Defence) Regulations. They pleaded not guilty. Shein and Ben-Yosef were found guilty of discharging a firearm and carrying firearms, bombs and ammunition, but not guilty of a third charge of throwing bombs with intention to cause death or
347:, a stone wrapped in a note protesting "the murder of Ben Joseph" was thrown by Dutch Zionists through a window of the British consulate. Ben-Yosef's mother received cables of condolence from around the world, and Betar promised her a lifetime pension and to secure her immigration to Palestine.
296:, then chairman of the Zionist Executive, even though he strongly opposed the Irgun and especially Ben-Yosef's attack, met with the British High Commissioner and begged him to pardon Ben Yosef. Ben-Yosef objected to the amnesty requests and rejected an Irgun plan to release him from prison. "
225:
On March 28, 1938, a car containing 10 Jews was ambushed by Arabs on the Acre-Safad road and six of them were killed. In revenge, Shlomo Ben-Yosef (24), Avraham Shein (17) and
Yehoshua "Shalom" Zurabin (19), all of whom were Betar members from Rosh Pina, began planning a revenge attack.
335:, shops were closed and black flags were displayed from windows, and a demonstration against the execution in Tel Aviv was broken up by police. The British authorities imposed curfews in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. A police guard was present at Ben-Yosef's funeral in Rosh Pina.
338:
There were demonstrations of mourning across Jewish communities in Europe, particularly in Poland, where synagogues throughout the country were jammed with mourners, and tens of thousands of Jews fasted in mourning accordance with a plea by the rabbinate. In
292:, an Irish-Jewish politician, unsuccessfully sought a legal loophole to stay the execution. Due to his Polish citizenship, the Polish government also lodged a request for clemency in the name of Shalom Tabachnik. All requests for clemency were refused.
272:, there was hope that because the attack had not killed anyone, and that because Ben-Yosef was of good character and without any previous record, his death sentence would be commuted, as a similar case involving an Arab youth from
27:
288:, which took great interest in the case. According to Bell, "it was so patent that the sentence related not to Ben-Yosef's crime but to the furtherance of British policy that outrage spread far beyond the Yishuv."
871:
866:
205:. After his application for an immigration certificate was rejected, he illegally immigrated to Palestine, arriving on September 20, 1937. There, he joined the Betar labor company at
237:. Their plan was to destroy the engine with a hand-grenade; as the bus approached, they shot at it and Ben-Yosef tossed the grenade, which failed to detonate it. The bus drove away.
265:, the commander of British forces in Palestine, confirmed Ben-Yosef's death sentence, and an attempt by Ben-Yosef's counsel to secure a stay of execution was unsuccessful.
826:
579:
601:
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856:
213:
and changed his name to Shlomo Ben-Yosef. Shortly after arriving at Rosh Pinna, Ben-Yosef was accepted into the Irgun. He found a job at the port of
876:
700:
241:
851:
821:
861:
811:
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movement. The three perpetrators were soon discovered hiding in a nearby cowshed in the possession of pistols and home-made bombs.
650:
384:
155:, or restraint. For this reason, and especially for having been the first Jew executed by the British authorities during the
229:
On April 21, 1938, armed with a hand grenade and two guns, Ben-Yosef, Shein, and
Zurabin ambushed an Arab bus staged on the
666:
361:. Streets in Israel have been named for him, and he is commemorated on Olei Hagardom memorials throughout the country.
836:
693:
672:
289:
806:
831:
357:
Ben-Yosef became a martyr for the
Revisionist cause. Today, he is commemorated by some in Israel as one of the
159:, Ben-Yosef became a martyr for the Revisionist cause and is commemorated by the State of Israel as one of 12
816:
846:
841:
686:
350:
The
British policeman who served as Ben-Yosef's hangman, Inspector E.T. Turton, was fatally wounded in a
176:
65:
801:
796:
99:
245:
202:
156:
134:
89:
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in 1928, and two years later, he became the family breadwinner after the death of his father.
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Ben-Yosef was executed in Acre Prison on June 29, 1938. Due to his execution date falling on
740:
730:
293:
750:
654:
285:
210:
188:
126:
141:. He is most noted for his participation in an April 21, 1938, attack on a bus carrying
765:
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745:
427:
364:
319:
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69:
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790:
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667:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070202085118/http://www.betar.co.uk/betaris/shlomo.php
626:
775:
673:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070203233932/http://www.csuohio.edu/tagar/shlomo.htm-
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Ben Joseph's
Execution Spreads Desire For Reprisals Against Arabs, Jabotinsky Warns
351:
308:
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85:
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735:
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civilians, intended as a retaliation for an earlier attack by Arabs against
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Ben-Yosef's execution provoked outrage and mourning across the Yishuv. In
244:, and during a high point in tensions between British authorities and the
354:
bombing in 1942. His legs had to be amputated, and he died a week later.
343:, all Jewish theaters were closed as memorial services were held, and in
332:
230:
151:
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Ben-Yosef's grave, with the Irgun symbol in the upper-right-hand corner
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284:, from both Jewish organizations and individuals, as well as from the
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The
British authorities received many appeals for clemency from the
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sentence by senior figures in the
Palestine Mandate administration.
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234:
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109:
61:
678:
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142:
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149:, and emblematic as a rejection of the establishment policy of
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family. He joined the Revisionist Zionist youth movement
256:
Ben-Yosef, Shein, and Zurabin were put on trial in the
648:
http://www.etzel.org.il/english/people/benyosef.htm
133:; May 7, 1913 โ June 29, 1938) was a member of the
105:
95:
75:
55:
47:
34:
18:
872:People executed by the British military by hanging
867:People convicted of illegal possession of weapons
569:Ben Joseph Executed Despite Nation-Wide Protest
171:Shlomo Ben-Yosef was born Szalom Tabacznik in
694:
8:
701:
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679:
240:The incident occurred at the crest of the
201:In 1937, Ben-Yosef decided to emigrate to
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15:
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827:Polish emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
661:http://www.betar.org/history/hist-h.htm
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
407:
405:
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233:โRosh Pina road, a mountain road near
675:Letters from Ben-Yosef at Acre Prison
602:Ben Joseph's Mother Gets Life Pension
7:
669:- profile at the UK Betarist website
431:, March 29, 1938 and March 31, 1938.
209:- upon arrival there, he burned his
130:
14:
857:Ukrainian people executed abroad
112:
877:Immigrants of the Fifth Aliyah
657:- profile at the Irgun website
453:Avi Shlaim (January 6, 2005).
1:
852:Polish people executed abroad
822:Jews from the Russian Empire
893:
862:Olei Hagardom (Palestine)
716:
580:Jew Executed In Palestine
39:
25:
812:People from Lutsky Uyezd
414:One Palestine, Complete
79:June 29, 1938 (aged 25)
663:- profile at betar.org
459:London Review of Books
324:
513:, June 6&8, 1938.
486:, May 25โJune 1, 1938
455:"Bombers not Martyrs"
322:
242:1936โ1939 Arab Revolt
177:Volhynian Governorate
66:Volhynian Governorate
100:Execution by hanging
559:, June 27โ30, 1938.
252:Trial and execution
246:Revisionist Zionist
221:1938 revenge attack
203:Mandatory Palestine
135:Revisionist Zionist
96:Cause of death
90:Mandatory Palestine
837:Ukrainian Zionists
653:2007-05-20 at the
614:Anonymous Soldiers
545:Terror out of Zion
385:"Shlomo Ben-Yosef"
325:
137:underground group
807:People from Lutsk
784:
783:
543:Bell, Bowyer J.:
525:, March 21, 1946.
443:, April 24, 1938.
187:) to a religious
120:
119:
884:
741:Mordechai Alkahi
731:Eliyahu Bet-Zuri
721:Shlomo Ben-Yosef
703:
696:
689:
680:
635:
634:
631:www.izkor.gov.il
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612:Hoffman, Bruce:
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387:. Archived from
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294:David Ben-Gurion
132:
123:Shlomo Ben-Yosef
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51:Szalom Tabacznik
41:
30:
20:Shlomo Ben-Yosef
16:
892:
891:
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832:Polish Zionists
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751:Eliezer Kashani
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655:Wayback Machine
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286:Jewish diaspora
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211:Polish passport
189:Polish-speaking
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12:
11:
5:
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817:Ukrainian Jews
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789:
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782:
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779:
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773:
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766:Avshalom Haviv
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761:Moshe Barazani
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756:Meir Feinstein
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746:Yehiel Dresner
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642:External links
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557:Palestine Post
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523:Palestine Post
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511:Palestine Post
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501:, June 6, 1938
499:Palestine Post
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484:Palestine Post
476:
474:, May 26, 1938
472:Palestine Post
464:
445:
441:Palestine Post
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428:Palestine Post
419:
416:. p. 385.
401:
375:
374:
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369:
365:Yehiel Dresner
316:
313:
290:Robert Briscoe
270:J. Bowyer Bell
263:Robert Haining
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181:Russian Empire
168:
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157:mandate period
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70:Russian Empire
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847:Irgun members
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842:Betar members
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726:Eliyahu Hakim
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710:Olei Hagardom
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391:on 2007-05-20
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359:Olei Hagardom
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776:Yaakov Weiss
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393:. Retrieved
389:the original
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309:Rosh Chodesh
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267:
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131:ืฉืืื ืื-ืืืกืฃ
122:
121:
40:ืฉืืื ืื-ืืืกืฃ
802:1938 deaths
797:1913 births
412:Tom Segev.
302:Acre Prison
82:Acre Prison
59:May 7, 1913
35:Native name
791:Categories
771:Meir Nakar
736:Dov Gruner
395:2007-02-10
371:References
207:Rosh Pinna
167:Early life
106:Allegiance
48:Birth name
345:Amsterdam
329:Jerusalem
315:Aftermath
175:, in the
651:Archived
333:Tel Aviv
231:Tiberias
183:(now in
152:Havlagah
627:"Izkor"
185:Ukraine
179:of the
42:
616:(2015)
547:(1976)
341:Kaunas
282:Yishuv
192:Jewish
127:Hebrew
258:Haifa
235:Safed
215:Haifa
196:Betar
173:Lutsk
139:Irgun
110:Irgun
62:Lutsk
352:Lehi
331:and
298:Lehi
274:Gaza
147:Jews
143:Arab
86:Acre
76:Died
56:Born
793::
629:.
530:^
491:^
457:.
404:^
217:.
163:.
129::
88:,
84:,
68:,
64:,
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695:t
688:v
633:.
461:.
398:.
125:(
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