Rashi - Knowledge (XXG)

624: 2298:, due to his death). The commentary, drawing on his knowledge of the entire contents of the Talmud, attempts to provide a full explanation of the words and of the logical structure of each Talmudic passage. Unlike other commentators, Rashi does not paraphrase or exclude any part of the text, but elucidates phrase by phrase. Often he provides punctuation in the unpunctuated text, explaining, for example, "This is a question"; "He says this in surprise", "He repeats this in agreement", etc. 2639:

argument... With the appearance of Rashi’s work, anyone, regardless of means, could by dint of talent and effort master any talmudic topic. It further expanded the range of knowledge of most scholars. Previously, one knew accurately only what one had been fortunate to study at an academy... The lifelong study of Talmud, the constant conquest of new tractates, and the unlimited personal acquisition of knowledge was in many ways the consequence of Rashi’s inimitable work of exposition.

2270:) and with such Agadoth that explain the words of Scripture in a manner that fits in with them." In one place, he quotes a midrash and then states "But this midrash cannot be reconciled with Scripture for several reasons... Therefore I say: let scripture be reconciled according to its simple meaning, clearly, and the midrash may also be expounded, as is said: 'Is not My word... like a hammer which shatters the rock?' - it is divided into many fragments." 2279: 526: 2520: 590:, leading Talmudists of the previous generation. From his teachers, Rashi imbibed the oral traditions pertaining to the Talmud as they had been passed down for centuries, as well as an understanding of the Talmud's logic and forms of argument. Rashi took concise, copious notes from what he learned in yeshiva, incorporating this material in his commentaries. He was also greatly influenced by the exegetical principles of 4659: 4522: 2165: 2195:, Rashi clarifies the "simple" meaning of the text so that a bright child of five could understand it. At the same time, his commentary forms the foundation for some of the most profound legal analysis and mystical discourses that came after it. Scholars debate why Rashi chose a particular Midrash to illustrate a point, or why he used certain words and phrases and not others. 4534: 2621: 2396:

texts, law related to prayer, food, and the Sabbath, wine produced by non-Jews, oaths and excommunications, sales, partnerships, loans and interest, bails, communal affairs, and civil law. Rashi's responsa can be broken down into three genres: questions by contemporary sages and students regarding the Torah, the law, and other compilations.

2757: 2357:. There is a legend that the commentary on Nedarim, which is clearly not his, was actually composed by his daughters. Another legend states that Rashi died while writing a commentary on Talmud, and that the very last word he wrote was 'tahor,' which means pure in Hebrew - indicating that his soul was pure as it left his body. 63: 2662:

often go beyond the passage itself in terms of arguments, parallels, and distinctions that could be drawn out. This addition to Jewish texts was seen as causing a "major cultural product" which became an important part of Torah study. In the standard printed Talmud, the Tosafot's commentaries can be

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Rashi's responsa not only addressed some of the different cases and questions regarding Jewish life and law, but it shed light into the historical and social conditions which the Jews were under during the First Crusade. He covered the following topics and themes in his responsa: linguistic focus on

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Scholars believe that Rashi's commentary on the Torah grew out of the lectures he gave to his students in his yeshiva, and evolved with the questions and answers they raised on it. Rashi completed this commentary only in the last years of his life. It was immediately accepted as authoritative by all

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Rashi's writing is placed under the category of post-Talmudic, for its explanation and elaboration on the Talmud; however, he not only wrote about the meaning of Biblical and Talmudic passages, but also on liturgical texts, syntax rules, and cases regarding new religions emerging. Some say that his

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A main characteristic of Rashi's writing was his focus on grammar and syntax. His primary focus was on word choice, and "essentially as a dictionary where he defines unusual Hebrew words." He searches for things that may not be clear to the reader and offers clarification on the inconsistency that

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The commentaries of Rashi democratized talmudic scholarship. Prior to his work, the only way to master a tractate was to travel to a talmudic academy and study at the feet of a master. No written work could systematically convey with any degree of sustained accuracy the precise line of a talmudic

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is not an erotic poem narrated by a man about a woman, but is instead a poem narrated by God about the people of Israel, a point of importance to Muslims because of their belief, which Zafar summarizes, that the Song of Songs, at Chapter 5, Verse 16, mentions Muhammad by name, a supposition that

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Rashi also exerted a decisive influence on establishing the correct text of the Talmud. Up to and including his age, texts of each Talmudic tractate were copied by hand and circulated in yeshivas. Errors often crept in: sometimes a copyist would switch words around, and other times incorporate a

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For example, in his writing regarding relations with the Christians, he provides a guide for how one should behave when dealing with martyrs and converts, as well as the "insults and terms of aimed at the Jews." Stemming from the aftermath of the Crusades, Rashi wrote concerning those who were

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since Rashi shows an extensive knowledge of its utensils and process, but there is no evidence for this. Most scholars and a Jewish oral tradition contend that he was a vintner. The only reason given for the centuries-old tradition that he was a vintner being not true is that the soil in all of

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This is not to say that Rashi’s explanations were definitive. Far from it. For some three hundred years scholars scrutinized his commentary, criticized innumerable passages, and demanded their reinterpretation. Yet, all realized that the problem that had confronted scholars for close to half a

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professor discovered an ancient map depicting the site of the cemetery, which lay under an open square in the city of Troyes. After this discovery, French Jews erected a large monument in the center of the square—a large, black and white globe featuring the three Hebrew letters of רשי artfully

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Rashi's commentaries on the Bible, especially those on the Pentateuch, circulated in many different communities. In the 12th–17th centuries, Rashi's influence spread from French and German provinces to Spain and the east. He had a tremendous influence on Christian scholars. The French monk

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while Rashi's mother was pregnant. As she walked down one of the narrow streets in the Jewish quarter, she was imperiled by two oncoming carriages. She turned and pressed herself against a wall, which opened to receive her. This miraculous niche is still visible in the wall of the

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For example, the Pardes book written by Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, known by the abbreviation Rashi, can be cited using the following patterns: (1) "Shlomo son of Rabbi Yitzhak", (2) "Shlomo son of Yitzhak", (3) "Shlomo Yitzhaki", (4) "In the name of Rashi who wrote in the

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Rashi's influence grew the most in the 15th century; from the 17th century onwards, his commentaries were translated into many other languages. Rashi's commentary on the Pentateuch was known as the first printed Hebrew work. English translations include those of

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millennium—how to turn the abrupt and sometimes gnomic formulations of the Talmud into a coherent and smoothly flowing text—had been solved definitively by Rashi. The subsequent task of scholars, therefore, was to emend and add to his interpretations.

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by mid-12th century. It has been included in every version of the Talmud since its first printing in the fifteenth century. It is always situated towards the middle of the opened book display; i.e., on the side of the page closest to the binding.

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student's marginal notes into the main text. Because of the large number of merchant-scholars who came from throughout the Jewish world to attend the great fairs in Troyes, Rashi was able to compare different manuscripts and readings in

477:, once found a precious jewel and was approached by non-Jews who wished to buy it to adorn their idol. Yitzhak agreed to travel with them to their land, but en route, he cast the gem into the sea. Afterwards he was visited by either the 512:

as no mere human could produce such immense works. One text goes so far as to claim that Rashi was beyond human; the author proposes that he never died a natural death, but rather ascended to Heaven alive like the immortal prophet

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and halakhic decisions are extant. Although some may find contradictory to Rashi's intended purpose for his writings, these responsa were copied, preserved, and published by his students, grandchildren, and other future scholars.

273:. Acclaimed for his ability to present the basic meaning of the text in a concise and lucid fashion, Rashi's commentaries appeal to both learned scholars and beginning students, and his works remain a centerpiece of contemporary 2768:." Despite the name, Rashi himself did not use such a script: the typeface is based on a 15th-century Sephardic semi-cursive hand, postdating Rashi's death by several hundred years. Early Hebrew typographers such as the 341:

ichyeh (Our Rabbi, may he live). He may be cited in Hebrew and Aramaic texts as (1) "Shlomo son of Rabbi Yitzhak", (2) "Shlomo son of Yitzhak", (3) "Shlomo Yitzhaki", and myriad similar highly respectful derivatives.

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stated that the commentary on Taanit was not by Rashi. In some editions of the Talmud, the text indicates that Rashi died before completing the tractate, and that it was completed by a student. This is true of

3522:: One printed edition of the Talmud states: "Our master's body was pure, and his soul departed in purity, and he did not explain any more; from here on is the language of his student Rabbi Yehudah ben Nathan." 2712:'s translation of the Bible. He believed that Rashi's commentaries were the "official repository of Rabbinical tradition" and significant to understanding the Bible. Rashi's commentaries became significant to 2723:

Although Rashi had an influence on communities outside of Judaism, his lack of connection to science prevented him from entering the general domain, and he remained more popular among the Jewish community.

2784:, in which Rashi's commentaries prominently figure) what would become called "Rashi script" to distinguish the rabbinic commentary from the primary text proper, for which they used a square typeface. 658:

swept through the Lorraine, murdering 12,000 Jews and uprooting whole communities. Among those murdered in Worms were the three sons of Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi, Rashi's teacher. Rashi wrote several

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may be present. Rashi does so by "filling in missing information that lead to a more complete understanding" of the Torah. A portion of his writing is dedicated to making distinctions between the

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As in his commentary on the Tanakh, Rashi frequently illustrates the meaning of the text using analogies to the professions, crafts, and sports of his day. He also translates difficult Hebrew or

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Rashi's commentary on the Talmud continues to be a key basis for contemporary rabbinic scholarship and interpretation. Without Rashi's commentary, the Talmud would have remained a closed book.

2499:. As a consequence, besides its religious value, his work is valued for the insight it gives into the language and culture of Northern France in the 11th century. His commentaries on the 2392:

responsa allows people to obtain "clear pictures of his personality," and shows Rashi as a kind, gentle, humble, and liberal man. They also illustrate his intelligence and common sense.

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were girls, named Yocheved, Miriam and Rachel. He invested himself in their education; his writings and the legends which surround him suggest that his daughters were well-versed in the

2507:(the "Five Books of Moses")—serves as the basis of more than 300 "supercommentaries" which analyze Rashi's choice of language and citations, penned by some of the greatest names in 297:(the "Five Books of Moses")—serves as the basis of more than 300 "supercommentaries" which analyze Rashi's choice of language and citations, penned by some of the greatest names in 4036: 3571: 3119: 4643: 4637: 4631: 543:

day at the age of five. His father was his main Torah teacher until his death when Rashi was still a youth. At the age of 17 he married and soon after went to learn in the

388:‎, in which Rashi was assumed to have lived at some time or to have been born, or where his ancestors were supposed to have originated. Later Christian writers 3757: 3868: 3158: 4753: 3995: 2255:, one of Rashi's grandchildren, heavily critiqued his response on his "commentary on the Torah based primarily on the classic midrashim (rabbinic homilies)." 3546: 4628:, which is the "base version" at mgketer.org. Also lists several later versions, as well as early manuscripts of other commentaries e.g. Rashbam, Ramban etc. 4130: 473:

His fame later made him the subject of many legends. One tradition contends that his parents were childless for many years. Rashi's father, Yitzhak, a poor

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Other poems are sometimes falsely attributed to Rashi. The above list is probably not exhaustive, but no evidence exists to connect Rashi to other poems.

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was thought by some to have been written by Judah ben Nathan, but evidence was uncovered indicating that the commentary on Horayot was from the school of

756:(at a time when women were not expected to study) and would help him when he was too weak to write. His daughters married his disciples; most present-day 3696:

Levy, Steven, and Sarah Levy. “Introduction.” The JPS Rashi Discussion Torah Commentary, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 2017, pp. xv-xx. JSTOR (

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Benedictinos. Congregación de Santo Mauro (Francia); Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (Francia); Treuttel et Wü rtz (Estrasburgo) (1824).

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showed that the Hebrew usage of Jarchi was an erroneous propagation of the error by Christian writers, instead he interpreted the abbreviation as:

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Tens of thousands of men, women and children study "Chumash with Rashi" as they review the Torah portion to be read in synagogue on the upcoming

3341: 461:. In his voluminous writings, Rashi himself made no such claim at all. The main early rabbinical source about his ancestry, Responsum No. 29 by 3593:"The Books of the People of the Book - Hebraic Collections: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress - African & Middle Eastern Division)" 2687:, and determine which readings should be preferred. However, in his humility, he deferred to scholars who disagreed with him. For example, in 4449: 4419: 4411: 4394: 4372: 4213: 3629: 3310: 3011: 2663:

found in the Talmud opposite Rashi's commentary. The Tosafot also added comments and criticism in places where Rashi had not added comments.

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published since the Middle Ages discusses Rashi, either using his view as supporting evidence or debating against it. His commentary on the

5918: 5913: 3568:"Rashi's Method of Biblical Commentary - Rashi's Method of Biblical Commentary, and the Rebbe's approach to Rashi's works - Jewish History" 3468: 3316: 3709:

Viezel, Eran. "“The Anxiety of Influence”: Rashbam's Approach to Rashi's Commentary on the Torah." AJS Review 40.2 (2016): 279-303. Print.

5938: 5908: 5903: 5292: 5127: 3240: 623: 4171: 4032: 3567: 3402:, ed. H. L. Ginsberg (New York: American Academy for Jewish Research, 1941), p 60. "Rashi was a vintner who grew grapes and sold wine." 3060: 2199:

wrote that "Rashi's commentary on Torah is the 'wine of Torah'. It opens the heart and uncovers one's essential love and fear of G-d."

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Liber, Maurice, and Adele Szold. Rashi ... Translated from the French by A. Szold. Jewish Publication Society of America, 1906. Print.

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At some time around 1070 he founded a yeshiva which attracted many disciples. It is thought by some that Rashi earned his living as a

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29, 4865) at the age of 65. He was buried in Troyes. The approximate location of the cemetery in which he was buried was recorded in

5943: 4475: 3273: 3252: 3185: 3111: 3779: 2806:

HaCohen-Kerner, Yaakov; Schweitzer, Nadav; Mughaz, Dror (2011). "Automatically Identifying Citations in Hebrew-Aramaic Documents".

575:, where he studied under another of his relatives, Isaac ben Judah, the rabbinic head of Mainz and one of the leading sages of the 4667: 485:, who told him that he would be rewarded with the birth of a noble son "who would illuminate the world with his Torah knowledge." 5520: 4732: 285:, which covers nearly all of the Babylonian Talmud, has been included in every edition of the Talmud since its first printing by 4346: 5525: 3398:(New York: Cultural Division of the World Jewish Congress, 1958), p 67; Salo W. Baron, "Rashi and the Community of Troyes", in 2495:(the language he spoke in everyday life, which he used alongside Hebrew), as most contemporary French authors instead wrote in 841: 3519: 5663: 5509: 5347: 5342: 4487:

Eran Viezel, ‘The Secret of the Popularity of Rashi’s Commentary on Torah’, Review of Rabbinic Judaism 17 (2014), pp. 207-217

4319: 3437: 1938: 1827: 4700: 4467: 4111: 3600: 2376:, compiled by an unknown student, also contains Rashi's responsa on prayer. Many other rulings and responsa are recorded in 2764:

The semi-cursive typeface in which Rashi's commentaries are printed both in the Talmud and Tanakh is often referred to as "

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Some of the other printed commentaries which are attributed to Rashi were composed by others, primarily his students.

2020: 810:. Their daughter Alvina was a learned woman whose customs served as the basis for later halakhic decisions. Their son 31: 4687: 3992: 3940: 5643: 5535: 5412: 5357: 5121: 3916: 3542: 2591: 2552: 1834: 834: 4124: 3640:

Eran Viezel, The Commentary on Chronicles Attributed to Rashi, Jerusalem: The Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2010

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Eran Viezel, 'Targum Onkelos in Rashi’s Exegetical Consciousness’, Review of Rabbinic Judaism 15 (2012), pp. 1-19

2543:. Since its publication, Rashi's commentary on the Torah is standard in almost all Chumashim produced within the 1453: 396:

claimed that only Christian scholars referred to Rashi as Jarchi, and that this epithet was unknown to the Jews.

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Rashi focused the majority of his responsa, if not all, on a "meticulous analysis of the language of the text".

976: 664:(penitential poems) mourning the slaughter and the destruction of the region's great yeshivot. Seven of Rashi's 5852: 5842: 5362: 5260: 5184: 5179: 4832: 2286:

9b); Rashi's commentary is at the bottom of the right column, continuing for a few lines into the left column.

568: 567:. When Yaakov died in 1064, Rashi continued learning in Worms for another year in the yeshiva of his relative, 241: 4705: 4340: 4324: 817:

Rashi's youngest daughter, Rachel, married (and divorced) Eliezer ben Shemiah. Little else is known about her.

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He returned to Troyes at the age of 25, after which time his mother died, and he was asked to join the Troyes

449:, who died that same year. On his father's side, Rashi has been claimed to be a 33rd-generation descendant of 4309: 3825:

Grossman, Avraham, and Joel A. Linsider. Rashi. Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2012. 152-161. Print.

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Hebrew Bible / Old Testament. I: From the Beginnings to the Middle Ages (Until 1300). Part 2: The Middle Ages

767:. While a few women in medieval Ashkenaz did wear tefillin, there is no evidence that Rashi's daughters did. 5770: 5708: 5600: 5545: 5491: 5435: 2214:

The first dated Hebrew printed book was Rashi's commentary on the Chumash, printed by Abraham ben Garton in

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4a, he comments about a phrase, "We do not read this. But as for those who do, this is the explanation..."

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literature (including literature that is no longer extant), as well as his knowledge of Hebrew grammar and

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Skolnik, Fred. “Rashi.” Encyclopedia Judaica. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2007.101-106. Print.

5795: 5790: 4909: 4837: 4812: 4566: 4526: 4204: 3652:"The End of Rashi's Commentary on Job. The Manuscripts and the Printed Editions (with three appendices)" 3356: 2548: 693: 617: 393: 4748: 4746: 4335: 4057: 903: 5898: 5893: 5857: 5749: 5467: 5407: 4318:

The Jewish History Resource Center – Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The

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Reconstructing Rashi's Commentary on Genesis from Citations in the Torah Commentaries in the Tosafot

3207:"Shiur 08 - Rashi, Tosfos, And The Development Of Ashkenazi Jewry - Rabbi Menachem Levine - TD19191" 722:

erected an additional plaque at this site marking the square as a burial ground. The plaque reads: "

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Rashi; an exhibition of his works, from the treasures of the Jewish National and University Library

3780:"The role of manuscripts in halakhic decision-making: Hazon Ish, his precursors and contemporaries" 2508: 2226: 719: 703: 655: 576: 434: 309:

Rashi's surname, Yitzhaki, derives from his father's name, Yitzhak. The acronym "Rashi" stands for

298: 278: 114: 88: 4750: 4364: 3390:(New York: Yeshiva University Press, 1969), 173; Israel S. Elfenbein, "Rashi in His Responsa", in 3297:, Hebrew Bible / Old Testament, vol. Band 001, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pp. 331–332, 2704:

of Manjacoria, who was known as the "ape of Rashi", relied on Rashi's commentary when writing his

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later moved to Paris and headed a yeshiva there, together with his brothers Shimshon and Eliezer.

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Although there are many legends about his travels, Rashi likely never went further than from the

5372: 4747: 3849:“The Life of Rashi .” Rashi, by Chaim Pearl, Peter Halban Publishers Ltd, 1988, pp. 8–23. Print. 3464: 3290: 2230: 4538: 3430:

Masters of the Word: Traditional Jewish Bible Commentary from the First Through Tenth Centuries

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The presence of Rashi's commentary also changed the nature of subsequent Talmud commentaries:

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literature, postulate that Rashi's tremendous works and accomplishments were inspired by the

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are buried here, among them Rabbi Shlomo, known as Rashi the holy, may his merit protect us

5821: 5816: 5737: 5668: 5658: 5648: 5638: 5605: 5570: 5565: 5461: 5367: 5332: 5312: 5282: 5169: 5058: 5036: 4956: 4899: 4894: 4491: 4134: 3999: 3718: 3386:, trans. Adele Szold (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1906), p 56; Irving Agus, 3369: 3244: 2777: 2595: 2579: 2566:

Voluminous supercommentaries have been published on Rashi's Bible commentaries, including

2519: 2306: 1432: 1180: 796: 792: 772: 681: 587: 501: 494: 191: 175: 4649: 4357: 3428:, vol. 1 (Tel Aviv: Hekdesh Ruach Yaakov, 1997), 107-22. Referred to in Yonatan Kolatch, 2720:

studied Rashi's commentaries as important interpretations "authorized by the Synagogue".

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of his day, giving latter-day scholars a window into the vocabulary and pronunciation of

4576: 3740: 3173: 3083:: "And I found support on the foundation of Rabbi Simon the Elder, my mother's brother." 2863: 2634:

Rashi's commentary had a profound influence on subsequent Talmud study and scholarship:

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rabbinical dynasties can trace their lineage back to his daughters Miriam or Yocheved.

698: 552: 533: 489: 400:, however, demonstrated that Hebrew scholars also referred to Rashi as Yarhi. In 1839, 286: 233: 183: 3991:"our language", in contrast with Hebrew, which was the Holy Language. More about this 5887: 5633: 5317: 5053: 5018: 5001: 4941: 4883: 4352: 4312:

Dissertation 1999, Department of Jewish Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.

3140: 3028: 2738: 2709: 2587: 2431: 2208: 2184: 702:, but over time the location of the cemetery was forgotten. A number of years ago, a 673: 462: 229: 4434: 2827: 5713: 5555: 5503: 5223: 5164: 4961: 4861: 4806: 4798: 4710: 4199: 2765: 2751: 2500: 2377: 2372: 2222:, 18 February 1475. (This version did not include the text of the Chumash itself.) 784: 591: 478: 458: 401: 290: 218: 3965:"HebrewBooks.org Sefer Detail: פיוטי רשי (רש"י) -- שלמה בן יצחק (רש"י), 1040-1105" 3592: 2900: 787:; born 1100), and Shlomo the Grammarian, all of whom were among the most prolific 620:, Rashi assumed the court's leadership and answered hundreds of halakhic queries. 2819: 5402: 5098: 4979: 4904: 4728: 4581: 4429: 2734: 2234: 2144: 708: 556: 539:

According to tradition, Rashi was first brought to learn Torah by his father on

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Pentateuch with Rashi's Commentary Translated into English "Silberman's Rashi"

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together with the commentary by Rashi every week is guaranteed to sit in the

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Title page of an English translation of Rashi's Commentary on the Pentateuch.

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forced to convert, and the rights women had when their husbands were killed.

795:, is reputed to have instructed the local women to recite the blessing after 5104: 4971: 4616: 4592:

Illustrated Summary and Analysis of the Torah with selected Rashi commentary

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or literal meaning of the Talmud, while subsequent commentaries such as the

2609: 2415:(penitential prayers), some of which are still recited today as part of the 2173: 757: 474: 4625: 4330: 4106:, "The Printed Page of the Talmud: The Commentaries and Their Authors", in 636:

Troyes is not optimal for growing wine grapes, claimed by the research of

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The place you are standing on is the cemetery of the town of Troyes. Many

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arranged counterclockwise in negative space, evoking the style of Hebrew

660: 604: 560: 454: 374: 251: 4405: 3683: 3651: 2756: 2294:, covering nearly all of the Babylonian Talmud (a total of 30 out of 39 5688: 5620: 5427: 5228: 4288: 2676: 2668: 2659: 2620: 2560: 2532: 2528: 2350: 2346: 2302: 2252: 776: 632: 609: 564: 544: 540: 257: 4601: 3465:"The Discovery of the Resting Places of Rashi and the Baalei Hatosfos" 2179:

Rashi's commentary on the Tanakh—and especially his commentary on the

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Zeitlin, Solomon (October 2, 1940). "RASHI Rabbi Solomon of France".

2781: 2684: 2680: 2654: 2556: 2334: 2291: 2243: 807: 753: 514: 482: 430: 282: 225: 214: 129: 110: 84: 2934:(in Latin). Vol. 1. Hamburg & Leipzig. pp. 1057–1058. 2328:

stated that the commentary on Nazir was not in fact by Rashi, while

2266:: "I, however, am only concerned with the plain sense of Scripture ( 640:. There exists a reference to a seal said to be from his vineyard. 4567:

Rashi's commentary to Tanakh with translation and supercommentaries

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How Rashi, His Students, and His Descendants Molded Ashkenazi Jewry

5723: 5450: 5302: 4847: 3754:"Interview with Professor Haym Soloveitchik by Rabbi Yair Hoffman" 2496: 2317: 2316:

Rashi's Talmud commentary spread quickly, reaching Jews as far as

2277: 2219: 780: 749: 648: 644: 622: 572: 442: 210: 3805:

See Y N Epstein, The commentary on Horayot Attributed to Rashi,"

3112:"Rabbi Yehiel Ben Shlomo Heilprin - (Circa 5420-5506; 1660-1746)" 3964: 3796:

See "Nitzozei Or" of Reuven Margoliot; notes on horayot p. 191.

2939: 416:

itzhaki. The evolution of this term has been thoroughly traced.

269:

Rashi is generally considered a leading biblical exegete in the

62: 4763: 2742:

might be problematic if the mention were in an erotic context.

205: – 13 July 1105), commonly known by the acronym 4744: 2384:, probably edited by Shemaiah of Troyes, Rashi's student, and 763:

A late-20th century legend claims that Rashi's daughters wore

4208:. Vol. 17 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. 2183:—is the essential companion for any study of the Bible among 4556: 4137:

for discussion of the interrelation between Rashi and Tosfot

3624:, Brill - The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2007 4759: 3941:"Siddur Ashkenaz, Festivals, Selichot, Fast of Gedalia 163" 2776:

employed in their editions of commented texts (such as the

2225:

Rashi wrote commentaries on all the books of Tanakh except

651:; his furthest destinations were the yeshivas of Lorraine. 4591: 147:

Traditionally a vintner (recently questioned, see article)

4613:/Commentary on the Torah (text or images, OCR'd or not): 3821: 3819: 3817: 2600:, often addresses several of these commentaries at once. 2345:(finished, in a more detailed style, by his grandson the 488:

Another legend also states that Rashi's parents moved to

369:

arhi. This was understood to refer to the Hebrew name of

30:"Shlomo Yitzhaki" redirects here. For the economist, see 4711:

Public Domain Hebrew and CC-BY English of Rashi on Torah

4058:"Yiddeshe Licht Vol 31 Number 15 Page 14 (Hebrew Text)" 2539:

by reading Rashi's commentary rather than the standard

345:

In older literature, Rashi is sometimes referred to as

4145: 4143: 3869:"Selichot Nusach Ashkenaz Lita, Erev Rosh Hashana 3:2" 3833: 3831: 3432:(Brooklyn NY: KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2006), 18. 3051:

Avotaynu: The International Review of Jewish Genealogy

571:, who was also chief rabbi of Worms. Then he moved to 4706:

Rashi, Tosfos, and the Development of Ashkenazi Jewry

4267:, Dev Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, 2014. 4190: 4188: 3508:

Pious and Rebellious: Jewish Women in Medieval Europe

2258:

Rashi himself explained his method as utilizing both

4363:(2nd ed.). Toronto, Canada: Macmillan. p. 3845: 3843: 3411:

Oxford Bodleian Ms. Oppenheim 276, p. 35a, cited by

2959:(in French). Vol. 16. Firmin Didot. p. 337 2247:, or plain and literal meaning of the text, and the 2187:. Drawing on the breadth of Midrashic, Talmudic and 555:, returning to his wife three times yearly, for the 357:‎), his abbreviated name being interpreted as 261: 249: 5809: 5722: 5687: 5619: 5426: 5198: 5072: 4970: 4846: 4797: 3268:. New York, NY: Schocken Books Inc. pp. 1–14. 2475:, which was included in the 1613 prayerbook of the 159: 151: 143: 135: 125: 99: 72: 46: 4433: 4356: 4108:Printing The Talmud: From Bomberg to Schottenstein 2956:Histoire littéraire de la France: Treizième siècle 2337:(the end of which was composed by his son-in-law, 2168:A modern translation of Rashi's commentary on the 2434:. Historically it was also recited on the eve of 321:itzhaki, but is sometimes fancifully expanded as 4440:. Translated from French by Catherine Temerson. 4336:In honor of the 900th anniversary of his passing 2982:(in German). J.D. Sauerländer. 1839. p. 328 2848:History of the Present Jews Throughout the World 711:. The granite base of the monument is engraved: 333:Israel which means the "Rabbi of Israel", or as 244:, both of whom were pupils of the famed scholar 4325:Biography, the Legend, the Commentator and more 2737:Harris Zafar cites Rashi for the view that the 2716:at this time who studied grammar and exegesis. 2645: 2636: 2535:, a man may even fulfill of the requirement of 2491:Rashi was one of the first authors to write in 821:It is reputed that the famous Polish Talmudist 437:, in northern France. His mother's brother was 266:'s head after the death of Zerach ben Abraham. 213:who authored comprehensive commentaries on the 4577:Chumash with Rashi (Judaica Press translation) 4466:. Translated from Hebrew by Joel A. Linsider. 3893:"Selichot Nusach Polin, Erev Rosh Hashana 3:2" 2760:The complete Hebrew alphabet in Rashi script . 713:Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki — Commentator and Guide 248:. After returning to Troyes, Rashi joined the 4775: 4237:. Jewish Encyclopedia.com. 27 February 2013. 4153:. Jersey City, NJ: KTAV Pub. House, 2004. 69. 3415:, The Early Sages of France, 132; 135, n. 45. 842: 806:, who completed the commentary on the Talmud 627:Exterior of Rashi's Synagogue, Worms, Germany 612:questions. Upon the death of the head of the 8: 3049:"Index to Articles on Rabbinic Genealogy in 2652:In general, Rashi's commentary provides the 608:(rabbinical court). He also began answering 453:, who was a fourth-generation descendant of 4632:13th-14th c. Cod. hebr. 12b, Cod. hebr. 220 3106: 3104: 3006:. Jewish Publication Society. pp. 1–. 2469:, apparently about the Rhineland massacres. 771:Rashi's oldest daughter, Yocheved, married 4782: 4768: 4760: 4609:Early manuscripts or printings of Rashi's 4588:Summarized text resources and translation 4387:Rashi: The Story of rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki 4229: 4227: 4225: 4017:, ouvrage collectif, sous la direction de 3157:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 849: 835: 827: 61: 43: 4701:Images of manuscripts of Rashi's writings 4582:Chumash with Rashi (Metsudah translation) 4410:. Translated from French by Adele Szold. 3247:, Kessinger Publishing, 2004. pg. 18–19. 2905:(in French). chez Reinier Leers. p. 2349:). The commentary attributed to Rashi on 802:Rashi's middle daughter, Miriam, married 2755: 2619: 2518: 2449:, which is recited by Ashkenazim on the 2163: 524: 457:, who was reputedly descended from the 27:French rabbi and commentator (1040–1105) 4280: 4099: 4097: 4033:"Rashi's Method of Biblical Commentary" 3174:"Can We Prove Descent from King David?" 3147:. New York, New York. pp. 146–151. 2798: 2555:said that anyone who learns the weekly 825:(1530-1572) was a descendant of Rashi. 4617:The 13th c. Peirush Rashi, MS Or. 4718 4468:Littman Library of Jewish Civilization 3365: 3354: 3150: 579:region straddling France and Germany. 289:in the 1520s. His commentaries on the 4496:The American Jewish Year Book Vol. 41 4412:Jewish Publication Society of America 4110:(Yeshiva University Museum, 2006), ( 3388:The Heroic Age of Franco-German Jewry 2708:, one of the primary sources used in 2128: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1607: 1605: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1515: 1513: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1351: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1243: 1238: 1231: 1228: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1191: 1186: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1000: 998: 996: 994: 992: 990: 988: 986: 984: 982: 980: 975: 973: 971: 969: 967: 965: 959: 957: 955: 949: 947: 945: 943: 941: 939: 937: 935: 933: 931: 929: 927: 925: 923: 921: 919: 917: 915: 913: 907: 902: 900: 898: 896: 894: 892: 890: 888: 886: 884: 882: 880: 878: 876: 874: 872: 870: 868: 866: 7: 4563:Full text resources and translation 4241:from the original on 21 January 2013 3392:Rashi, His Teachings and Personality 2902:Histoire critique du Vieux Testament 2563:(school) of Rashi in the Afterlife. 2290:Rashi wrote the first comprehensive 500:Additional legends, particularly in 4634:at Austria National Library, Vienna 4287:Also often attributed to Samuel of 3510:. Brandeis University Press, 2004.) 3030:A Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature 3000:Mayer I. Gruber (10 October 2007). 179: 4164:"TOSAFOT - JewishEncyclopedia.com" 4151:The Jewish World in the Modern Age 2503:—especially his commentary on the 582:Rashi's teachers were students of 293:—especially his commentary on the 260:questions and later served as the 25: 4626:The 13th-14th c. Codex Parma 3204 4343:, Menachem Levine, Thinktorah.org 3760:from the original on July 7, 2022 3752:Hoffman, Yair (January 3, 2014). 2868:. By and for the author. p. 2282:An early printing of the Talmud ( 672:, which is recited on the eve of 5521:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg 4733:Post-Reformation Digital Library 4657: 4532: 4520: 3289:Grossman, Avraham (2000-11-12), 2627:, Jewish Museum, Worms, Germany. 2388:, prepared by Nathan Hamachiri. 2237:is incomplete, ending at 40:25. 429:Rashi was an only child born at 155:Writing commentaries, grammarian 5954:12th-century Jewish theologians 5949:11th-century Jewish theologians 5526:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg 4174:from the original on 2021-09-26 4064:from the original on 2016-03-04 4039:from the original on 2017-06-27 3603:from the original on 2011-02-27 3574:from the original on 2017-06-27 3549:from the original on 2023-05-28 3531:Jacobi Papers, Vol 4, p. 8, B.5 3471:from the original on 2014-03-26 3344:from the original on 2023-09-03 3319:from the original on 2022-08-08 3217:from the original on 2018-12-17 3188:from the original on 2023-02-03 3122:from the original on 2020-06-28 3063:from the original on 2023-06-03 2926:Wolf, Johann Christoph (1715). 2695:Influence in non-Jewish circles 775:; their four sons were Shmuel ( 67:16th-century depiction of Rashi 5664:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah 5510:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg 5348:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre 5343:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre 4716:"Rashi: Teacher of All Israel" 4320:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 3338:"How Did Rashi Make a Living?" 744:Rashi had no sons. All of his 465:, makes no such claim either. 1: 5383:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise 5278:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans 5134:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne 4921:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon 4084:The American Jewish Year Book 3491:Rashi - the Man and His World 3145:The Responsa of Solomon Luria 2537:Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum 2380:. Other compilations include 692:Rashi died on July 13, 1105 ( 377:, popularly derived from the 199: 76: 5868:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi 5781:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona 5480:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin 5239:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise 3650:Penkower, Jordan S. (2003). 3622:Rashi's Commentary on Psalms 3003:Rashi's Commentary on Psalms 2820:10.1080/01969722.2011.567893 2251:or rabbinic interpretation. 5919:12th-century French writers 5914:11th-century French writers 5744:Isaiah di Trani the Younger 5388:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon 5140:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim 5008:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona 4927:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula 4621:Leiden University Libraries 4235:"Rashi (Solomon Bar Issac)" 3756:. Five Towns Jewish Times. 3489:Shereshevsky, Ezra (1982). 2021:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon 262: 250: 32:Shlomo Yitzhaki (economist) 5970: 5939:Rabbis from Worms, Germany 5909:12th-century French rabbis 5904:11th-century French rabbis 5644:Eliyahu Menachem of London 5536:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol 5413:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken 5358:Samson ben Abraham of Sens 5122:David ben Levi of Narbonne 4572:Complete Tanach with Rashi 4553:Technique and methodology 4503:Rosenbaum, Morris (1934). 4168:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 3541:Mordechai Menashe Laufer. 3463:Y. Friedman (2005-07-25). 3449:Grossman, Avraham (2012). 3303:10.13109/9783666535079.331 3172:Einsiedler, David (1992). 2749: 2683:, and the writings of the 2592:Menachem Mendel Schneerson 737: 680:, which is recited on the 445:. Simon was a disciple of 36: 29: 5776:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara 5654:Jacob ben Judah of London 5393:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils 3987:He referred to French as 2062: 2060: 2011: 2009: 1948: 1946: 1911: 1909: 1864: 1862: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1788: 1786: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1685: 1683: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1581: 1579: 1551: 1549: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1519: 1517: 1505: 1476: 1450: 1445: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1365: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1349: 1341: 1339: 1327: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1236: 1226: 1184: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1155: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1063: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1033: 1031: 953: 951: 385: 354: 60: 51: 5944:Medieval Jewish scholars 5853:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan 5843:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre 5363:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi 5293:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen 5261:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy 5185:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen 4833:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam 4688:The Nuttall Encyclopædia 4202:, eds. (2007). "Rashi". 3668:10.1628/0944570033029194 3656:Jewish Studies Quarterly 3426:Rashi: Chayav u'Ferushav 3400:Rashi Anniversary Volume 3092:See Rashi's comments in 2862:Abraham, Philip (1879). 2616:Commentary on the Talmud 2606:Rosenbaum and Silbermann 2515:Commentary on the Tanakh 2457:Akh Leilohim Nafshi Domi 2292:commentary on the Talmud 2274:Commentary on the Talmud 2160:Commentary on the Tanakh 779:; born 1080), Yitzchak ( 569:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi 242:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi 5709:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna 5601:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi 5546:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir 5492:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi 5436:Meshullam ben Kalonymus 4673:Encyclopædia Britannica 4545:Works by or about Rashi 4404:Liber, Maurice (1905). 4291:; see H. L. Erenreich, 3543:"רבן של ישראל (Hebrew)" 2928:"R. Schelomo ben Isaac" 2808:Cybernetics and Systems 2477:Old Synagogue of Prague 791:. Yocheved's daughter, 670:Adonai Elohei Hatz'vaot 668:still exist, including 5581:Jacob ben Judah Landau 5576:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi 5551:Meir ben Baruch Halevi 5160:Abraham of Montpellier 5031:Simeon ben Zemah Duran 4676:(11th ed.). 1911. 4640:at Leipzig. U. Library 4525:Quotations related to 4031:Miller, Chaim (2013). 3364:Cite journal requires 3291:"4. Menahem ben Helbo" 2885:The Literary Churchman 2865:Curiosities of Judaism 2845:Ockley, Simon (1707). 2761: 2650: 2641: 2628: 2524: 2426:, which is recited by 2305:words into the spoken 2287: 2197:Shneur Zalman of Liadi 2176: 628: 536: 277:. A large fraction of 195: 187: 39:Rashi (disambiguation) 5796:Isaac ben Melchizedek 5791:Joseph Colon Trabotto 5476:(Maharam MeRotenberg) 5136:(Raavad II, HaEshkol) 4910:Isaac ben Moses Arama 4838:Shemariah ben Elhanan 4813:Chananel ben Chushiel 4697:Uncategorized links: 4662:Texts on Wikisource: 4389:. C.I.S. Publishers. 4383:Shulman, Yaacov Dovid 4205:Encyclopaedia Judaica 4126:Kuntres Eitz HaChayim 4021:, Éditions de l’éclat 3264:Wiesel, Elie (2009). 2979:Israelitische Annalen 2759: 2623: 2522: 2487:Assessment and legacy 2365:About 300 of Rashi's 2281: 2227:Chronicles I & II 2167: 783:; born 1090), Jacob ( 688:Death and burial site 626: 528: 394:Johann Christoph Wolf 5873:Nethanel ben Isaiah‎ 5858:Nathan ben Abraham I 5750:Obadiah of Bertinoro 5468:Mordechai ben Hillel 5408:Shemaiah of Soissons 4638:13th c. B. H. fol. 1 4541:at Wikimedia Commons 3340:. the Seforim blog. 2888:. 1857. p. 286. 2706:Postillae Perpetuate 2442:Ophan Echad ba'Aretz 2411:Rashi wrote several 2233:. His commentary to 2203:Jewish communities, 799:(instead of before). 425:Birth and early life 37:For other uses, see 5934:French male writers 5762:(Shibbolei HaLeket) 5679:Berechiah de Nicole 5629:Aaron of Canterbury 5611:Isaac Asir HaTikvah 5586:Samuel ben Natronai 5541:Judah ben Kalonymus 5506:(Hagahot Maimuniot) 5209:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol 5155:Asher ben Meshullam 5150:Meshullam ben Jacob 5110:Isaac ben Abba Mari 5064:Judah ben Barzillai 4724:Touro College South 4718:, video lecture by 4611:Perush `al ha-Torah 4308:Abecassis, Deborah 3027:John Kitto (1876). 2718:Christian Hebraists 2509:rabbinic literature 2473:Tefillah l'Kademkha 720:Yisroel Meir Gabbai 299:rabbinic literature 279:rabbinic literature 236:under German rabbi 115:County of Champagne 89:County of Champagne 5929:Clergy from Troyes 5924:Bible commentators 5863:Hillel ben Eliakim 5833:Zerahiah the Greek 5827:Tobiah ben Eliezer 5699:(Terumat HaDeshen) 5531:Samson ben Eliezer 5486:Eliezer ben Nathan 5474:Meir of Rothenburg 5443:(Rabbeinu Gershom) 5418:Ephraim ben Samson 5338:Eliezer of Touques 5249:Eliezer ben Samuel 5244:Yom Tov of Falaise 5116:Abraham ben Nathan 4912:(Akeidat Yitzchak) 4850:(except Catalonia) 4720:Dr. Henry Abramson 4261:Demystifying Islam 4196:Berenbaum, Michael 4133:2023-04-18 at the 4015:Héritages de Rachi 3998:2022-11-02 at the 3917:"Seder Troyes 9:3" 3719:Rashi, Genesis 3:8 3467:. Dei'ah Vedibur. 3243:2023-04-07 at the 3211:torahdownloads.com 3033:. Black. pp. 2932:Bibliotheca Hebræa 2899:Simon, R. (1685). 2762: 2730:Demystifying Islam 2629: 2525: 2288: 2268:peshuto shel mikra 2216:Reggio di Calabria 2177: 2089:Samuel ben Elhanan 1835:Samson ben Abraham 1828:Isaac of Dampierre 629: 618:Zerach ben Abraham 537: 384:"moon", in Hebrew 256:, began answering 5881: 5880: 5838:Isaac ben Dorbolo 5801:Judah Messer Leon 5786:Hillel ben Samuel 5732:Nathan ben Jehiel 5674:Yom Tov of Joigny 5561:Israel of Bamberg 5512:(Yehudah haHasid) 5441:Gershom ben Judah 5398:Menahem ben Helbo 5308:Peretz ben Elijah 5288:Judah ben Yom Tov 5219:List of Tosafists 5202:(except Provence) 5190:Jonathan of Lunel 5180:Isaac of Narbonne 5175:Samuel ibn Tibbon 5087:Abraham ben David 5025:Isaac ben Sheshet 4996:Shlomo ibn Aderet 4937:Maimon ben Joseph 4932:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat 4878:Joseph ibn Migash 4823:Zechariah Aghmati 4818:Dunash ben Labrat 4758: 4757: 4644:13th c. folio 255 4537:Media related to 4460:Grossman, Avraham 4451:978-0-8052-4254-6 4421:978-0-9766546-5-0 4396:978-1-56062-215-4 4374:978-0-02-319070-4 4353:Cantor, Norman F. 4215:978-0-02-866097-4 4104:Haym Soloveitchik 4019:René-Samuel Sirat 3741:Rashi, Exodus 6:9 3630:978-0-8276-0872-6 3620:I.Gruber, Mayer. 3336:Mayer I. Gruber. 3312:978-3-525-53507-3 3266:Rashi: A Portrait 3013:978-0-8276-0872-6 2590:(the Maharshal). 2582:(the Re'em), and 2576:Sefer ha-Mizrachi 2447:Az Terem Nimtechu 2419:. These include: 2355:Gershom ben Judah 2330:Zvi Hirsch Chajes 2152: 2151: 2145:Rashi's daughters 2134: 2133: 1695:Judah ben Yom Tov 857:Rashi family tree 740:Rashi's daughters 638:Haym Soloveitchik 451:Johanan HaSandlar 447:Gershom ben Judah 398:Bernardo de Rossi 246:Gershom ben Judah 240:and French rabbi 196:Salomon de Troyes 188:Salomon Isaacides 169: 168: 107:(aged 64–65) 16:(Redirected from 5961: 5755:Menahem Recanati 5697:Israel Isserlein 5591:Alexander Suslin 5516:Yaakov ben Yakar 5498:Eleazar of Worms 5456:Asher ben Jehiel 5447:Simeon bar Isaac 5378:Samuel of Évreux 5353:Baruch ben Isaac 5328:Samson of Chinon 5323:Jacob of Orléans 5298:Yechiel of Paris 5267:Judah ben Nathan 5255:Isaac ben Samuel 5234:Solomon ben Meir 5145:Moshe ha-Darshan 5128:Moses ben Joseph 5082:Hachmei Provence 5049:Azriel of Gerona 5045:(Nimmukei Yosef) 5043:Joseph ibn Habib 5039:(Maggid Mishneh) 5004:(Rabbeinu Yonah) 4990:Nissim of Gerona 4947:Abraham ibn Daud 4916:Rabbenu Yerucham 4890:Bahya ibn Paquda 4872:Yom Tov Asevilli 4867:Abraham ibn Ezra 4828:Nissim ben Jacob 4784: 4777: 4770: 4761: 4740: 4739: 4692: 4677: 4661: 4549:Internet Archive 4536: 4524: 4510: 4499: 4492:Zeitlin, Solomon 4481: 4455: 4439: 4425: 4400: 4378: 4362: 4359:Medieval History 4296: 4293:Sepher ha-Pardes 4285: 4268: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4231: 4220: 4219: 4192: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4179: 4160: 4154: 4149:Bloomberg, Jon. 4147: 4138: 4121: 4115: 4101: 4092: 4091: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4028: 4022: 4008: 4002: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3952: 3951: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3879: 3865: 3859: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3838: 3835: 3826: 3823: 3812: 3811:1942 pp.218-225 3803: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3749: 3743: 3738: 3732: 3727: 3721: 3716: 3710: 3707: 3701: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3608: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3538: 3532: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3504:Avraham Grossman 3501: 3495: 3494: 3493:. Sepher-Hermon. 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3460: 3454: 3447: 3441: 3422: 3416: 3413:Avraham Grossman 3409: 3403: 3396:Simon Federbusch 3380: 3374: 3373: 3367: 3362: 3360: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3261: 3255: 3234:Liber, Maurice. 3232: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3156: 3148: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3108: 3099: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3024: 3018: 3017: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2987: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2803: 2702:Nicholas de Lyra 2673:Jerusalem Talmud 2549:Mordechai Leifer 2451:Fast of Gedaliah 2339:Judah ben Nathan 1939:Rabbeinu Elhanan 1779:Isaac ben Samuel 1468:Solomon ben Meir 1454:Samson ben Yosef 1240:Judah ben Nathan 904:Isaac Hatzarfati 864: 863: 851: 844: 837: 828: 804:Judah ben Nathan 709:microcalligraphy 678:Az Terem Nimtehu 656:People's Crusade 584:Rabbeinu Gershom 549:Yaakov ben Yakar 439:Simeon bar Isaac 387: 356: 265: 255: 238:Yaakov ben Yakar 228:, Rashi studied 204: 201: 181: 172:Shlomo Yitzchaki 106: 81: 78: 65: 55: 53: 44: 21: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5958: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5822:Elijah Mizrachi 5817:Isaac Abarbanel 5805: 5738:Isaiah di Trani 5718: 5703:Isaac of Vienna 5683: 5669:Moses of London 5659:Josce of London 5649:Hagin Deulacres 5639:Elias of London 5615: 5606:Simha of Speyer 5571:Judah ben Asher 5566:Ephraim of Bonn 5462:Jacob ben Asher 5422: 5373:Moses of Évreux 5368:Meir ben Samuel 5333:Jacob of Chinon 5313:Eliezer of Toul 5283:Elijah of Paris 5194: 5170:Isaac the Blind 5068: 5059:Judah ben Yakar 5037:Vidal of Tolosa 4966: 4957:Jonah ibn Janah 4900:David Abudirham 4895:Bahya ben Asher 4842: 4793: 4788: 4754: 4752: 4680: 4665: 4604:, rashiyomi.com 4598:Textual Search 4517: 4502: 4490: 4478: 4458: 4452: 4428: 4422: 4403: 4397: 4381: 4375: 4351: 4305: 4303:General sources 4300: 4299: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4271: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4233: 4232: 4223: 4216: 4194: 4193: 4186: 4177: 4175: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4148: 4141: 4135:Wayback Machine 4122: 4118: 4102: 4095: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4067: 4065: 4056: 4055: 4051: 4042: 4040: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4009: 4005: 4000:Wayback Machine 3986: 3982: 3973: 3971: 3969:hebrewbooks.org 3963: 3962: 3958: 3949: 3947: 3945:www.sefaria.org 3939: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3923: 3921:www.sefaria.org 3915: 3914: 3910: 3901: 3899: 3897:www.sefaria.org 3891: 3890: 3886: 3877: 3875: 3873:www.sefaria.org 3867: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3824: 3815: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3695: 3691: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3619: 3615: 3606: 3604: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3577: 3575: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3552: 3550: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3514: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3474: 3472: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3448: 3444: 3440:, 9780881259391 3423: 3419: 3410: 3406: 3382:Maurice Liber, 3381: 3377: 3363: 3353: 3347: 3345: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3320: 3313: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3263: 3262: 3258: 3245:Wayback Machine 3233: 3229: 3220: 3218: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3191: 3189: 3184:(3(Fall)): 29. 3171: 3170: 3166: 3149: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3125: 3123: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3066: 3064: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3014: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2985: 2983: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2960: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2911: 2909: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2844: 2843: 2839: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2778:Mikraot Gedolot 2754: 2748: 2697: 2618: 2580:Elijah Mizrachi 2574:(the Maharal), 2545:Orthodox Jewish 2531:. According to 2517: 2489: 2467:Torah haTemimah 2424:Nora va'Elyonim 2409: 2363: 2307:French language 2276: 2172:, published by 2162: 2157: 1654:Abraham of Sens 1480:Samuel of Vitry 1433:Samuel ben Meir 858: 855: 797:candle lighting 773:Meir ben Samuel 742: 736: 690: 682:Fast of Gedalia 600: 588:Eliezer Hagadol 530:Rashi Synagogue 523: 521:Yeshiva studies 495:Worms Synagogue 481:or the prophet 471: 427: 422: 307: 209:, was a French 202: 121: 108: 104: 95: 82: 79: 68: 56: 50: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Shlomo Yitzhaki 15: 12: 11: 5: 5967: 5965: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5886: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5819: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5728: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5700: 5693: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 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3559: 3533: 3524: 3512: 3496: 3481: 3455: 3442: 3417: 3404: 3375: 3366:|journal= 3328: 3311: 3281: 3274: 3256: 3227: 3198: 3164: 3141:Hurwitz, Simon 3132: 3116:www.chabad.org 3100: 3085: 3073: 3040: 3019: 3012: 2992: 2969: 2945: 2918: 2891: 2875: 2854: 2837: 2814:(3): 180–197. 2797: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2774:Daniel Bomberg 2770:Soncino family 2750:Main article: 2747: 2746:"Rashi script" 2744: 2696: 2693: 2617: 2614: 2584:Yeri'ot Shlomo 2541:Targum Onkelos 2516: 2513: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2470: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2444: 2439: 2430:on the eve of 2428:Ashkenazi Jews 2417:Jewish liturgy 2408: 2405: 2382:Sefer Hapardes 2362: 2359: 2275: 2272: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2126:Samuel of Acre 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 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