279:
physics or metaphysics before the completion of their thirtieth year. A protest against this ban may be found in a poem in which
Philosophy "calls out in a loud voice against . . . Solomon ben Adret and against all the rabbis of France . . . who have placed under the ban all people who approach her". Those who desired to study medicine as a profession were exempted from the ban. A special ban was pronounced against the rationalistic Bible exegetes and the philosophic Haggadah commentators, their writings and their adherents. The enforcing of these bans caused Aderet much trouble and embittered the closing years of his life. He left three sons, Isaac, Judah, and Astruc Solomon, all of whom were learned in the Talmud.
191:. He was a master in the study of the Talmud, and was not opposed to the Kabbala. Aderet was very active as a rabbi and as an author. Under his auspices and through his recommendation, part of the commentary on the Mishnah by Maimonides was translated from the Arabic into Hebrew. His Talmudic lectures were attended by throngs of disciples, many of whom came from distant places. Questions in great number, dealing with ritual, with the most varied topics of the Halakah, and with religious philosophy, were addressed to him from Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Germany, Moravia and even from Asia Minor.
31:
863:
818:
788:
236:, a Dominican friar of Barcelona, who, in his work, "Pugio Fidei," had collected passages from the Talmud and the Midrash and interpreted them in a manner hostile to Judaism. These charges also induced Aderet to write a commentary on the Haggadot, of which only a fragment is now extant. He refuted also the attacks of a
475:
His responsa were printed in
Bologna (1539), Venice (1545), Hanau (1610), and other places. The second part of his responsa appeared under the title "Toledot Adam" (The Generations of Man) at Leghorn in 1657, the third part at the same place in 1778, the fourth part at Salonica in 1803, and the fifth
408:
His commentaries upon seven
Talmudic treatises published at Constantinople in 1720, and at Berlin in 1756. Similar disquisitions upon five treatises were published at Venice in 1523 and at Amsterdam in 1715. He wrote besides a number of disquisitions upon single treatises. His Talmud commentaries are
278:
Aderet, whose disposition was peaceable, at first endeavored to conciliate the opposing spirits. Ultimately he was called upon to decide the affair, and on July 26, 1305, together with his colleagues of the rabbinate of
Barcelona, he pronounced the ban of excommunication (ḥerem) over all who studied
209:
His responsa show evidence of wide reading, keen intelligence, and systematic thought. They also afford a clear insight into the communal life of the time, portraying Aderet's contemporaries, and are of value for the study not only of rabbinical procedure but also of the intellectual development of
275:. He appealed to Aderet for assistance. An extensive correspondence ensued between the authorities of southern France and northern Spain, Aderet taking a most important part. Afterward this correspondence was collected and published by Abba Mari, in a separate work, entitled "Minḥat Ḳenaot".
456:
are known to be extant. Questions were addressed to him from Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Germany, and even from Asia Minor. His responsa, which cover the entire gamut of Jewish life, are concise and widely quoted by halakhic authorities.
255:, the kabbalistic visionary. He combated these with vigor, but displayed no less animosity toward the philosophic-rationalistic conception of Judaism then prevailing, particularly in France, which was represented by
224:
A manuscript purporting to be a certificate of indebtedness, dated 1262, in favor of a certain
Solomon Adret, Jew of Barcelona, and a passport for the same Adret, dated 1269, are still extant.
654:
The name Shlomo ben
Avraham ibn Aderet may be written in many different ways. His first name is written as either Shlomo or Solomon. Aderet sometimes is spelled Adret or Adereth. "Ben", a
232:
Aderet had to contend with the external enemies of
Judaism, as well as with religious dissensions and excesses within its own ranks. He wrote a refutation of the charges of
325:"In that city are those who write iniquity about the Torah and if there would be a heretic writing books, they should be burnt as if they were the book of sorcerers."
902:
271:
Opposed to these was another tendency, the chief object of which was the preservation of the pure faith of
Judaism. At the head of this movement stood
171:
of his time. As a rabbinical authority his fame was such that he was designated as El Rab d'España ("The Rabbi of Spain"). He served as rabbi of the
851:
2082:
2072:
2057:
2052:
1441:
1276:
930:
441:
771:
2077:
1669:
1674:
251:, who made great headway in Spain and were represented by Nissim ben Abraham of Avila, a pretended worker of miracles, and by
2067:
1812:
1658:
1496:
1491:
1531:
1426:
1282:
1069:
172:
2016:
1929:
1628:
1421:
1387:
635:
168:
1892:
1536:
1338:
1288:
1156:
1075:
256:
479:
According to
Elchonon Wasserman, some responsa attributed to Rashba were actually written by other authors, notably
352:(The Short Law of the House), published at Cremona in 1565, and at Berlin in 1871. A number of his commentaries and
1792:
1684:
1561:
1506:
1270:
1924:
1914:
1908:
1851:
1802:
1541:
75:
53:
2001:
1991:
1511:
1409:
1333:
1328:
981:
465:
259:, who treated most important religious questions with the utmost freedom, and who was joined by the Spaniard
1919:
1857:
1749:
1694:
1640:
1584:
881:
836:
806:
292:
876:
801:
747:
210:
the age in which he lived. Only half of these responsa have been published, as they number three thousand.
1729:
1724:
1699:
1308:
1179:
923:
195:
894:
662:
word, both mean "son". Occasionally, the "ben
Avraham" is removed, leaving his name as Shlomo ibn Aderet.
1944:
1939:
1058:
986:
961:
897:
895:
672:
2047:
2042:
2006:
1898:
1616:
1556:
322:, although an exception was made for those who studied medicine. On July 26, 1305, the Rashba wrote:
345:(The Long Law of the House), published at Venice in 1607, at Berlin in 1762, at Vienna in 1811, etc.
2062:
2021:
1827:
1777:
1759:
1734:
1689:
1526:
1471:
1357:
1303:
1298:
1258:
1212:
898:
707:
Published in Presburg, 1838. See full analysis in Renan's "Les Rabbins Français," pp. 647–694.
437:
240:
who asserted that the priests had falsified the Bible. M. Schreiner has shown that this Muslim was
899:
30:
2011:
1981:
1975:
1679:
1634:
1622:
1566:
1486:
1397:
1392:
1264:
1020:
772:
The role of manuscripts in halakhic decision-making: Hazon Ish, his precursors and contemporaries
717:
480:
429:
417:
198:
in the year 1255 represent the earliest ever recorded evidence of a permanent Jewish presence in
1521:
896:
1986:
1949:
1934:
1880:
1822:
1709:
1589:
1546:
1456:
1436:
1367:
1323:
1235:
1173:
1085:
1080:
1026:
971:
966:
916:
1903:
1845:
1739:
1664:
1646:
1604:
1595:
1501:
1476:
1446:
1415:
1403:
1382:
1293:
1230:
1197:
1191:
1138:
1095:
1064:
1038:
1015:
976:
604:
469:
421:
252:
214:
900:
1970:
1965:
1886:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1787:
1754:
1719:
1714:
1610:
1516:
1481:
1461:
1431:
1318:
1207:
1185:
1105:
1048:
1043:
659:
655:
597:
433:
319:
233:
218:
164:
102:
79:
57:
1162:
1133:
1100:
872:
855:
831:
827:
797:
416:
Not all commentaries traditionally attributed to Rashba were actually composed by him.
314:(rabbinical court) in Barcelona that forbade men younger than 25 from studying secular
199:
392:(The Holy Service), on the laws of Sabbath and festivals, published at Venice in 1602.
203:
2036:
1782:
1466:
1202:
1167:
1150:
1090:
1032:
867:
822:
792:
501:
428:, and the commentary on Menachot was written by an unknown author other than Rashba.
386:(Decisions on Ḥallah), published at Constantinople in 1518, and at Jerusalem in 1876.
363:
260:
188:
452:
Aderet was considered an outstanding rabbinic authority, and more than 3,000 of his
1862:
1704:
1652:
1372:
1313:
1110:
1010:
955:
947:
420:
stated that the commentary on Sukkah attributed to Rashba was actually written by
1551:
1247:
1128:
1053:
494:
425:
307:
295:
over his works, and he authorized the translation of Rambam's commentary on the
1996:
1744:
1241:
1005:
461:
315:
288:
248:
184:
1253:
1120:
677:
Geschichte der Juden in Mähren in Mittelalter. 1. Theil (bis zum Jahre 1350)
272:
160:
71:
49:
244:, and the book referred to was "Al-Milal wal-Niḥal" (Religions and Sects).
1222:
939:
464:
and prophetic pretensions as a general phenomenon, with examples against
453:
399:
was edited by Perles, as an appendix to the latter's monograph on Aderet.
311:
310:
approach to Judaism often associated with Rambam, and he was part of the
241:
114:
866: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
821: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
791: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1837:
1769:
1576:
1377:
353:
338:
296:
137:
121:
90:
206:, as well as one of earliest recorded Jewish sources for that region.
1348:
377:
300:
125:
341:(dietary laws) and other religious laws that are observed at home,
1872:
1599:
1451:
1362:
996:
396:
237:
117:
333:
Of the works of Solomon ben Aderet there have appeared in print:
912:
733:, Vol. 2 (Jerusalem: Mossad Harav Kook, 1990) I, Pt. I, p. 361.
679:, Brün, Prag, Leipzig, Wien: Rudolf M. Rohrer, pp. 100–101
893:
908:
247:
Aderet opposed also the increasing extravagances of the
167:, in 1235. He became a successful banker and leader of
741:
739:
460:
Aderet's responsa also illustrate his opposition to
424:, the commentary on Ketubot was actually written by
1958:
1871:
1836:
1768:
1575:
1347:
1221:
1119:
995:
946:
86:
64:
42:
37:
21:
432:suggested that the commentary on Menachot was by
924:
767:
765:
8:
689:Jacobs, "Sources," pp. 16, 43, No. 130
931:
917:
909:
29:
18:
877:"ADRET, SOLOMON BEN ABRAHAM (or RaSHBa)"
852:Video Lecture on Rabbi Shlomo ben Aderet
802:"ADRET, SOLOMON BEN ABRAHAM (or RaSHBa)"
748:"ADRET, SOLOMON BEN ABRAHAM (or RaSHBa)"
356:on Talmudic treatises have been printed.
306:Nevertheless, Aderet was opposed to the
16:Medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist
647:
603:
601:
596:
578:
560:
554:
552:
547:
545:
543:
525:
509:
500:
498:
493:
7:
111:Solomon son of Abraham son of Aderet
376:, a work focusing on the laws of a
106:
442:Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier
14:
875:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
830:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
800:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
213:Among his numerous students were
1670:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg
885:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
861:
840:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
816:
810:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
786:
175:for 50 years. He died in 1310.
1675:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg
2083:Authors of books on Jewish law
2073:Authors of works on the Talmud
1813:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah
1659:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
1497:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre
1492:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre
1:
1532:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise
1427:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans
1283:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne
1070:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon
720:, "Jew. Quart. Rev." xii. 140
99:Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet
23:Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet
2017:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
1930:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona
1629:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
1388:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise
636:History of the Jews in Spain
273:Abba Mari ben Moses ha-Yarḥi
128:. He is widely known as the
68:1310 (aged 74–75)
2058:14th-century Catalan rabbis
2053:13th-century Catalan rabbis
1893:Isaiah di Trani the Younger
1537:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon
1289:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim
1157:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona
1076:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula
440:argued that the author was
395:His polemical work against
257:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim
173:Main Synagogue of Barcelona
2099:
1793:Eliyahu Menachem of London
1685:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol
1562:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken
1507:Samson ben Abraham of Sens
1271:David ben Levi of Narbonne
1925:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara
1803:Jacob ben Judah of London
1542:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils
590:
588:
586:
576:
572:
566:
537:
531:
529:
523:
519:
517:
515:
476:part at Leghorn in 1825.
308:philosophic-rationalistic
133:
28:
2002:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan
1992:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
1512:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi
1442:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen
1410:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy
1334:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen
982:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam
698:"Z. D. M. G." xlviii, 39
2078:Hebrew-language writers
1858:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna
1750:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi
1695:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
1641:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
1585:Meshullam ben Kalonymus
882:The Jewish Encyclopedia
837:The Jewish Encyclopedia
807:The Jewish Encyclopedia
729:H. Z. Dimitrovsky, ed.
283:Maimonidean controversy
183:Aderet's teachers were
140:of his title and name:
1730:Jacob ben Judah Landau
1725:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi
1700:Meir ben Baruch Halevi
1309:Abraham of Montpellier
1180:Simeon ben Zemah Duran
350:Torat haBayit haKatzar
113:) (1235 – 1310) was a
107:שלמה בן אברהם אבן אדרת
2068:Rabbis from Barcelona
1945:Isaac ben Melchizedek
1940:Joseph Colon Trabotto
1625:(Maharam MeRotenberg)
1285:(Raavad II, HaEshkol)
1059:Isaac ben Moses Arama
987:Shemariah ben Elhanan
962:Chananel ben Chushiel
750:. Jewish Encyclopedia
343:Torat haBayit haArokh
194:Aderet's responsa to
136:), the Hebrew
2022:Nethanel ben Isaiah
2007:Nathan ben Abraham I
1899:Obadiah of Bertinoro
1617:Mordechai ben Hillel
1557:Shemaiah of Soissons
658:word, and "ibn", an
362:, a defense against
348:The shorter manual,
293:contemporary debates
267:Aderet and Abba Mari
1911:(Shibbolei HaLeket)
1828:Berechiah de Nicole
1778:Aaron of Canterbury
1760:Isaac Asir HaTikvah
1735:Samuel ben Natronai
1690:Judah ben Kalonymus
1655:(Hagahot Maimuniot)
1358:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol
1304:Asher ben Meshullam
1299:Meshullam ben Jacob
1259:Isaac ben Abba Mari
1213:Judah ben Barzillai
746:Kayserling, Meyer.
438:Israel Joshua Trunk
404:Talmud commentaries
159:Aderet was born in
2012:Hillel ben Eliakim
1982:Zerahiah the Greek
1976:Tobiah ben Eliezer
1848:(Terumat HaDeshen)
1680:Samson ben Eliezer
1635:Eliezer ben Nathan
1623:Meir of Rothenburg
1592:(Rabbeinu Gershom)
1567:Ephraim ben Samson
1487:Eliezer of Touques
1398:Eliezer ben Samuel
1393:Yom Tov of Falaise
1265:Abraham ben Nathan
1061:(Akeidat Yitzchak)
999:(except Catalonia)
856:Dr. Henry Abramson
487:Academic genealogy
481:Meir of Rothenburg
466:Nissim ben Abraham
430:Yisrael Meir Kagan
418:Elchonon Wasserman
411:Hiddushei HaRashba
228:Defense of Judaism
2030:
2029:
1987:Isaac ben Dorbolo
1950:Judah Messer Leon
1935:Hillel ben Samuel
1881:Nathan ben Jehiel
1823:Yom Tov of Joigny
1710:Israel of Bamberg
1661:(Yehudah haHasid)
1590:Gershom ben Judah
1547:Menahem ben Helbo
1457:Peretz ben Elijah
1437:Judah ben Yom Tov
1368:List of Tosafists
1351:(except Provence)
1339:Jonathan of Lunel
1329:Isaac of Narbonne
1324:Samuel ibn Tibbon
1236:Abraham ben David
1174:Isaac ben Sheshet
1145:Shlomo ibn Aderet
1086:Maimon ben Joseph
1081:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat
1027:Joseph ibn Migash
972:Zechariah Aghmati
967:Dunash ben Labrat
907:
906:
731:Teshubot HaRishba
673:Bretholz, Bertold
612:
611:
360:Mishmeret HaBayit
96:
95:
2090:
1904:Menahem Recanati
1846:Israel Isserlein
1740:Alexander Suslin
1665:Yaakov ben Yakar
1647:Eleazar of Worms
1605:Asher ben Jehiel
1596:Simeon bar Isaac
1527:Samuel of Évreux
1502:Baruch ben Isaac
1477:Samson of Chinon
1472:Jacob of Orléans
1447:Yechiel of Paris
1416:Judah ben Nathan
1404:Isaac ben Samuel
1383:Solomon ben Meir
1294:Moshe ha-Darshan
1277:Moses ben Joseph
1231:Hachmei Provence
1198:Azriel of Gerona
1194:(Nimmukei Yosef)
1192:Joseph ibn Habib
1188:(Maggid Mishneh)
1153:(Rabbeinu Yonah)
1139:Nissim of Gerona
1096:Abraham ibn Daud
1065:Rabbenu Yerucham
1039:Bahya ibn Paquda
1021:Yom Tov Asevilli
1016:Abraham ibn Ezra
977:Nissim ben Jacob
933:
926:
919:
910:
889:
888:
886:
865:
864:
841:
820:
819:
811:
790:
789:
774:
769:
760:
759:
757:
755:
743:
734:
727:
721:
714:
708:
705:
699:
696:
690:
687:
681:
680:
669:
663:
652:
625:
619:
605:Yom Tov Asevilli
491:
490:
470:Abraham Abulafia
422:Yom Tov Asevilli
287:Aderet defended
253:Abraham Abulafia
215:Yom Tov Asevilli
135:
108:
33:
19:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
1971:Elijah Mizrachi
1966:Isaac Abarbanel
1954:
1887:Isaiah di Trani
1867:
1852:Isaac of Vienna
1832:
1818:Moses of London
1808:Josce of London
1798:Hagin Deulacres
1788:Elias of London
1764:
1755:Simha of Speyer
1720:Judah ben Asher
1715:Ephraim of Bonn
1611:Jacob ben Asher
1571:
1522:Moses of Évreux
1517:Meir ben Samuel
1482:Jacob of Chinon
1462:Eliezer of Toul
1432:Elijah of Paris
1343:
1319:Isaac the Blind
1217:
1208:Judah ben Yakar
1186:Vidal of Tolosa
1115:
1106:Jonah ibn Janah
1049:David Abudirham
1044:Bahya ben Asher
991:
942:
937:
903:
901:
873:Singer, Isidore
871:
862:
848:
828:Singer, Isidore
826:
817:
798:Singer, Isidore
796:
787:
783:
778:
777:
770:
763:
753:
751:
745:
744:
737:
728:
724:
715:
711:
706:
702:
697:
693:
688:
684:
671:
670:
666:
653:
649:
644:
632:
627:
623:
621:
617:
614:
598:Bahya ben Asher
489:
450:
434:Isaiah di Trani
406:
390:Avodat haKodesh
366:'s critique of
331:
320:natural science
285:
269:
234:Raymond Martini
230:
219:Bahya ben Asher
181:
165:Crown of Aragon
82:
69:
60:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2096:
2094:
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2055:
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1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
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1626:
1620:
1614:
1613:(Baal HaTurim)
1608:
1602:
1593:
1587:
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1429:
1424:
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1413:
1407:
1401:
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1365:
1360:
1354:
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1345:
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1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
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179:Biography
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126:Talmudist
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72:Barcelona
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115:medieval
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154:A
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