2086:
73:
2914:(excellent and possibly expensive objects of worship). Mendicants are not allowed to perform worshipping using such objects as they do not own materialistic objects and have already renounced them. Also the violence that can be caused towards small creatures and beings during such worshipping is unacceptable according to a mendicant's conduct as described in the scriptures. Householders are not supposed to follow such micro levels of non-violence and must perform idol worship as it has more merits (extolling qualities of
105:
7964:
644:
2082:(woolen broom to clear their path of insects and small creatures), an alms bowl, a long stick, and scriptures. All monks and nuns possess only these objects. Additionally, they may only take what is given to them and what comes under permitted possessions (the objects listed earlier). They are not permitted to take anything that is not given to them by the owner of the said object.
3924:Śvetāmbaras do not allow laypersons to read scriptures as a misinterpretation of the canon is considered to be a grave sin. The later sub-traditions have made their canon openly accessible. Both the newer sub-traditions have various sub-traditions within them that do not agree on several aspects of the canon due to an open access to their canon and eventual misinterpretation.
3939:, taught only Four restraints (a claim, scholars say is confirmed by the ancient Buddhist texts that discuss Jain monastic life). Mahāvīra taught Five vows. The Digambara sect disagrees with the Śvetāmbara interpretations, and reject the theory of difference in Parshvanatha and Mahāvīra's teachings. However, Digambaras as well as Śvetāmbaras follow Five vows as taught by
6759:
38:
6802:
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2629:: This vow can either be given by a mendicant, or a lay-person who has already taken the vow or, can be self-taken. It lasts 48 minutes and lay followers are encouraged to study scriptures and improve their knowledge of the religion in this time. For these 48 minutes, a lay follower becomes just like a mendicant and must follow the
2062:). Unlike as in the Digambara sect where monks and nuns are not forbidden from touching each other and lay-followers of the opposite gender, monks and nuns of the Śvetāmbara sect do not touch persons of the opposite gender (neither mendicants nor lay-followers of the opposite gender) and observe extreme
2147:
describes that for a mendicant, staying at one place for a period extending more than 1 month is not permitted. The reason for that is to regulate possession. A mendicant staying at one place for longer periods of time might begin getting attached to the place and such attachments must be avoided and
3963:
Digambaras believe that both
Parshvanatha and Mahāvīra remained unmarried, whereas Śvetāmbara believe the 23rd and 24th tirthankar did indeed marry. According to the Śvetāmbara version, Parshvanāth married Prabhavati, and Mahāvīraswāmi married Yashoda who bore him a daughter named Priyadarshana. The
3904:
sub-tradition's beliefs. Early colonial era observers and some early 20th-century Jain writers such as
Malvaniya hypothesized that this movement against idol worship may be the impact of Islam on Jainism, but later scholarship states that the sub-traditions arose from an internal dispute and debate
2781:
is the prime goal of
Jainism and this practice directly lets one perform that. It entails performing penance and mindfully regretting and seeking forgiveness for one's wrong deeds. It consists of a long sequence of hymns, prayers, and rituals. The main goal is to seek forgiveness for one's negative
2689:
6 essential observances have been considered necessary for a lay follower to practice regularly in both the sects. However, the observances are different in each sect. Mendicants also observe these regularly and it is believed that these essential observances help one maintain discipline as well as
2116:
describes how begging for alms for an entire meal from a single household does not fall under fault-free food that Jain monks must consume as it might aggrieve the householder they accept food from. Becoming the medium for a householder's grievance is unacceptable as per a mendicant's conduct. 42
4036:
In the
Digambara tradition, a male human being is considered closest to the apex with the potential to achieve his soul's liberation from rebirths through asceticism. Women must gain karmic merit, to be reborn as man, and only then can they achieve spiritual liberation in the Digambara sect of
3132:
refers to the religious sermons that the mendicants give. It is a result of these sermons that
Jainism is propagated to the lay followers. Since reading scriptures without the preceptor's permission is considered to be a grave sin, lay followers (householders) derive all their knowledge of the
2165:
wherever they wander. Usually, nowadays, several Jain temples have spaces that are used for general purposes that mendicants may use after obtaining permission from the temple management. This is particularly important as if the space was constructed for the purpose of housing mendicants, even
1766:
All texts or pieces of literature written by Śvetāmbara monks, except the ones stated above are considered to be non-canonical in nature. Following are some popular examples. However, the complete list is inexhaustive as the Śvetāmbara sect has always had more monks than the
Digambara sect: -
2767:: This refers to the practice of showing obeisance towards one's preceptor mendicant (monk/nun). It also means one should surrender themself to their guru and accept their word as it is. Performing service of one's preceptor and respecting them is one of the prime duties of householders.
2674:: This vow promotes charity among the lay followers in that they are encouraged to donate their belongings to monks, nuns, and other needy people. It is believed that this vow, if taken and followed seriously, leads to a reduction in attachment to the worldly and materialistic pleasures.
3909:(non-violence). The newer sub-traditions only accept 32 of the 45 scriptures of the original Śvetāmbara canon. In the 32 they have accepted, several parts have been modified and major sections of their canon is different from the original canon as followed by the oldest sect of the
3058:
does not include the use of any materialistic objects of worship and therefore, can be performed by the mendicants. In fact, devotional hymns are usually authored by the Śvetāmbara mendicants which is why the Śvetāmbara sect has huge and rich literature on devotional worship of the
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is a minor practice, or where all construction and use of temples, images and idols is actively discouraged and avoided. These sub-traditions began around 14th-century through 18th-century and are not considered authentic by any of the major Śvetāmbara monks and scriptures.
778:
The Śvetāmbara and
Digambara traditions have had historical differences ranging from their dress code, their temples and iconography, attitude towards Jain nuns, their legends and the texts they consider as important. Śvetāmbara Jain communities are currently found mainly in
2503:. These 12 vows are also taken by lay followers of the Digambara sect as well as the aniconic offshoots of the Śvetāmbara sect. They are one of the very few points that both the sects agree upon. They summarize almost all duties a householder must perform as part of the
3528:' means silence. The most prominent of the penances on this day is to not speak and communicate for the entire day, until the next morning. This form of penance is believed to improve control over the mind and the tongue. According to Śvetāmbara legends, a total of 150
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just like they do. One who takes this vow detaches themself from the worldly activities and embraces equanimity for 48 minutes at once. In loose terms, equanimity (indifference to the positives and negatives around one) is the ultimate goal of
Jainism as it leads to no
3971:Śvetāmbaras have a more comprehensive set of scriptures as they have a canon with extensive information, supported by the non-canonical literature. Digambara literature is much lesser in volume and their scriptures are more recent than those of the Śvetāmbaras.
2794:: This practice is concerned with concentration on non-attachment. This may be performed in a standing or a sitting posture and during this time, the lay follower must not think of any attachments, including the body. As per the canonical scripture
2613:: This vow is taken to completely give up useless and fruitless activities. Any action which is performed without a reason constitutes to a sin. Therefore, this vow directs a lay-follower to reduce/stop performing useless actions and activities.
3690:. It is said that he used his magical powers and established the lake for devotees to quench their thirst while ascending the hill. The lake's banks are of importance as Śvetāmbaras believe several mendicants performed penance in the
2160:
and therefore, they are required to stay at one place for those 4 months. Stepping on grass and on water or wet ground is not permitted due to their tendency to have life. Most mendicants give religious sermons and spread the word of
3968:, Mahāvīra's mother, as well as the details of Tirthankara's biographies such as how many auspicious dreams their mothers had when they were in the wombs.Digambaras believe it is 16 dreams while Śvetāmbaras believe it is 14.
3625:
gate, and then take a different route from the usual route, which is opened only on this day every year for devotees to circumambulate around the hill. This route takes devotees through various 'hidden' regions of the
2121:) and boiled water between the period from 48 minutes after sunrise and until 48 minutes before sunset. However, monks and nuns of the Śvetāmbara sect actively perform and promote and inspire the laity to perform
3830:(topmost part of the structure) and is celebrated annually at every Jain temple. A common ritual is followed wherein the devotees bid to get a chance at changing the flag. The highest bidder performs devotional
2902:(Worshipping by anointing various parts of the idol): Such worshipping is performed by anointing various parts of the idol using several objects of worship, including water, saffron mixed with sandalwood paste,
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temporarily, it becomes unfit for use by mendicants. That is because it no longer remains 'free of faults' since mendicants become a medium of violence as well as possession here. This is discussed in the
3992:
who reached omniscience while in sitting posture and other tirthankaras were in standing ascetic posture. In contrast, Śvetāmbaras believe it was
Rishabha, Nemi and Mahāvīra who were the three in sitting
3141:
is not an essential part as per scriptures, lay followers are always encouraged to attend them regularly to learn principles of
Jainism. A formal procedure of greeting the preceptor by reciting 2 ancient
2085:
3174:
There are some festivals which are exclusively celebrated by the Śvetāmbara sect and are neither recognized nor celebrated by the Digambara sect. Following is a list of some of those festivals: -
3974:Śvetāmbaras have very detailed practices and rituals that they perform at the temple and this is guided by their canon. Digambaras have lesser practices and rituals of worship at their temples.
2575:. Householders are discouraged from holding assets more than their requirement and needs. Being too deeply involved in worldly and materialistic pleasures is a hindrance to the attainment of
975:
and important Jain demi-gods and demi-goddesses. Historically, this is the oldest sub-tradition of the Śvetāmbaras and all other aniconic sects have emerged in and after the 14th century.
2715:: This concept is considered to be so important that it occurs in the 12 vows as well as 6 essential observances. It has also been a subject of great discussion in the canonical scripture
2978:. Mendicants cannot perform this form of worshipping as well as the material used for such worshipping can cause violence against small creatures and a mendicant must strictly follow the
2895:. The main motive behind such worshipping is not a worldly affair, but worshipping their qualities. Most Śvetāmbara lay-followers perform worshipping of idols in three main formats: -
1085:. They also govern the conduct of monks, nuns, as well as the laity. Non-canonical scriptures include, but are not limited to commentaries on canonical scriptures, biographies of the
3826:
It is a generic name given to various observances and celebrations at different Jain temples. It refers to the changing of the flag that is hoisted at the top of a Jain temple's
5537:
3346:, a form of fasting in which no oil, dairy products, and spices are consumed. This form of fasting is believed to improve control over the sense of taste. They also worship the
2928:, which refers to the devotional worshipping of the idol by decorating it with a devotedly designed armor of vibrant objects such as stones, clothes, and other colorful objects.
2664:: This vow is taken for a specific period of time and is given by a mendicant only. During this time, the lay follower becomes equivalent to a mendicant and must practice the
3421:(right knowledge). Rituals include visiting a Jain temple, placing objects of knowledge (such as pen, pencil, paper, books etc.) on a platform and venerating the object with
2103:
87.188.5). This cloth carrying tradition to cover genitalia by ancient Jain monks in principle resembles the beliefs of the Śvetāmbara and now extinct Yapaniya subtradition.
3977:
Hymns rich in literary and devotional value are usually written by Śvetāmbara mendicants since ancient times. Digambaras give little to no importance to devotional music.
3737:
period, these two shrines stood opposite to each other and when a devotee would pray at one of these, their back would face the other. However, facing one's back towards
4911:
2982:
of which non-violence is the first. However, householders may perform such worshipping as the vows they follow do not entail practicing such micro-level of non-violence.
2607:: This vow is taken to reduce the usage of materialistic objects to a set limit. By taking this vow, a lay follower can reduce their attachment to materialistic objects.
3753:. The legend says that by the end of his recitation of the composition, the two shrines came side by side to each other. Today, both shrines stand next to each other.
1178:
of the Śvetāmbara canon are considered to have been created in 5th-4th century BC. Following is a list of the 45 canonical scriptures followed by the Śvetāmbaras: -
2117:
faults of food are described which a monk or a nun must assess before accepting it as alms. They may only consume food free from the 42 faults (as described in the
3546:
of time occur on this single day. Therefore, it holds high importance and auspiciousness in the Śvetāmbara sect. Most lay followers begin new ventures and worship
2595:: This vow is taken to reduce the movement in each direction by setting a specific limit. This is done to ensure minimum traveling is performed, leading to lesser
2036:
of the idols because they are not permitted to bath all their life and Śvetāmbara scriptures only permit a person with clean body and after bathing may perform
4866:
4004:, while older Digambara iconography was more lifelike because they endorsed demi-gods and demi-goddesses. Śvetāmbara icons have always been more lifelike.
3494:. All these forms of knowledge are highly venerated and worshipped in the Śvetāmbara sect. Lay followers of the Śvetāmbara sect also perform penance and
1981:
There are vast differences between the practices of the Śvetāmbaras and the Digambaras with some fundamental overlaps. Śvetāmbara scriptures divide the
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along with 8.5 crore (85 million) other mendicants. This place is believed to be the inspiration behind the whole walk of around 15-18km (12 miles).
7943:
3518:. Śvetāmbara legends say that if a devotee performs penance staying mum on this day every year for a period of 11 years and 11 months achieves
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believes that these 9 entities were neither created nor can they be destroyed. It believes in the eternal existence of these 'categories' or
2934:(Worshipping of the idol without touching it): Such worshipping is performed by placing objects of worship in front of the idol and reciting
7948:
4494:
4457:
5208:
3630:, which are otherwise inaccessible on other days. The shrines that this walk takes a devotee through can be summarized as follows: -
2565:
taken by the mendicants. Householders are discouraged from engaging in adultery with anyone other than their partner for any purpose.
2531:
followed by the mendicants. Minimal and unavoidable violence is acceptable on householders' part and they are not required to follow
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6722:
6682:
6662:
6597:
6473:
6413:
3932:
Other than rejecting or accepting different ancient Jain texts, Digambaras and Śvetāmbara differ in other significant ways such as:
674:
628:
129:
3128:(lay followers) derive their knowledge of the religion and its practices from the other two pillars - mendicants (monks and nuns).
455:
6399:
2154:, rains are expected and there is an increase in the number of insects on ground. Mendicants must not step on insects to practice
873:. Śvetāmbaras also believe that both of them were white-clad monks. These beliefs are completely rejected by the Digambara sect.
3730:
were constructed because it is believed that these two gave religious sermons in the said area. Legend says that during the 22nd
2349:
1790:
4246:
4033:(nuns to monks) is about 3.5 to 1. In contrast to Śvetāmbara, the Digambara sect monastic community has been predominantly male.
1100:, treatise and extensions of the canonical scriptures, lists of rare and uncommon words and knowledge base and dictionaries for
1073:Śvetāmbara literature can be classified into two major categories — canonical and non-canonical. Canonical scriptures state the
5012:
3741:
idols is considered to be a sin. Nandisena, a mendicant at that time, sat in the middle of both these shrines and composed the
72:
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2144:
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followed by monks and nuns. Householders are discouraged from stealing anything that is not theirs or is not given to them.
7866:
4766:
3884:
A layman who opposed devotional temples, images and idols was Lonka Shah (c. 1476 CE) who is responsible for starting the
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7933:
7782:
7648:
7328:
6784:
5512:
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5328:
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or "sky-clad" Jains whose ascetic practitioners go nude. Śvetāmbaras do not believe that ascetics must practice nudity.
3198:. Some of them also fast for all 8 days by consuming either only boiled water or nothing at all (this fast is known as
2988:(worshipping of the idol through emotions without using objects of worship): This form of worshipping includes singing
7992:
7729:
7688:
5494:
4037:
Jainism. The Śvetāmbaras strictly disagree with the Digambaras, believing that women can also achieve liberation from
1139:'s teachings. Historically, the knowledge of these scriptures was passed down orally in a preceptor-disciple system (
5280:
3550:
idols especially apart from performing the penance of staying silent on this day. Several legends including that of
2112:
Unlike ascetics of the Digambara sect, ascetics of the Śvetāmbara sect beg for alms from multiple households as the
490:
7548:
6915:
3897:
2668:
just like they do. The follower must also beg for alms and follow all rule, rites, and rituals a mendicant follows.
1152:
1147:. As a result, most of the knowledge of the canonical scriptures was lost. The remaining canon was codified at the
1040:
4219:
3842:. Every Jain temple has a different day for the ceremony and it is celebrated on the said temple's anniversary. A
7643:
7017:
5869:
2139:) on foot. The reason mendicants must wander is to regulate their senses of possession and to spread the word of
1817:
1086:
408:
380:
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A minority of the Śvetāmbaras are split into other traditions where either Jain temples and halls are built but
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and eventually attaining such a state) than demerits as described in the canon. Another form of such worship is
209:
7582:
7205:
6910:
5471:
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to limit intake of food and ay other materialistic things to have a better self-control. According to the 24th
2329:Śvetāmbara monks also perform other miscellaneous functions and duties. Some of them are as described below: -
2190:). After attaining sufficient spiritual and scriptural knowledge along with experience of the monastic life, a
623:
3920:), who consider that they were created as a result of a grave misinterpretation of canonical scriptures. The
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to celebrate the day. Most followers, if they do not perform fasts, refrain from consuming food after sunset.
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which is a ritualistic bathing of the idols with 18 excellent objects of high fragrance and devotional value.
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1998:
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in 454 CE resulting in the 45 scriptures that govern the Śvetāmbara sect's religious practices till date.
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5596:"JAINA Newsletter:Importance of Navpad Oli, Ayambil Story, Veerayatan's Eye Campy etc… - JAINA-JainLink"
3212:, which is traditionally read and celebrated publicly on the 5th of the 8 days. The 8th day is known as
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5405:
4428:
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3885:
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amongst the Śvetāmbara laity. Digambaras strictly do not have such form of worshipping of their idols.
2962:(sweets). Each object of worshipping has its own significance and reason. These 5, in combination with
52:
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6717:, The Director, Oriental Institute, on behalf of the Registrar, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara,
4867:"Jainacharya Hansaratna Suri Maharaj's 180-Day Record Fast Concludes in Mumbai - www.lokmattimes.com"
3194:. During this 8-day long festival, lay followers intensify their spirituality and undertake rigorous
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1101:
5128:"Jaina Sutras, Part II (SBE45): Uttarâdhyayana: Twenty-Ninth Lecture. The Exertion in Righteousness"
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3095:. Usually, regular purification of temples and icons is performed and the ritual for which include
2007:). Religious practices of the Śvetāmbara sect differ for each section (monastics and laity) of the
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573:
124:
5673:
4736:
4047:
3811:
This shrine is the old starting point of the ascent of the main hill. This is the point where the
3668:
It is believed to be the site where the water which is used in ritualistic bathing of the idol of
7918:
7892:
7765:
7608:
7538:
7533:
7168:
7163:
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3916:
These sub-traditions are not recognized by the original Śvetāmbara sect of the idol-worshippers (
3495:
3389:
3341:
3315:
3195:
3184:
It is one of the most popular of the Jain festivals. It falls during the bright fortnight of the
2845:
2719:. A lay follower embraces equanimity for 48 minutes and that is how purification of soul happens.
2122:
821:, who was the disciple of Arya Krishnasuri. This account is found in 5th century Śvetāmbara text
119:
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3614:
in a single day. The walk is 15-18km long along a hilly terrain. This walk is also known as the
3586:, one of the most important pilgrimage sites for the Śvetāmbaras. Śvetāmbara legends state that
3405:
2510:. They are classified into 3 categories. Following is a list of the 12 vows of a householder: -
795:, a scholar of Hindu and Jain studies, about four-fifths of all Jains in India are Śvetāmbaras.
6655:
Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. Origin and development of Indus civilization
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during these 9 days. Spiritual practices are intensified during these days just as during the
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2910:(a fragrant ointment) etc. According to scriptures, such worshipping is performed only using
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of the idols. Ceremonious donation of all world possessions is performed before initiation.
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2970:(worshipping with idol by anointing it with a mixture of sandalwood paste and saffron), and
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2691:
2635:
2596:
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Upon initiation, a monk or a nun renounces all worldly possessions and relations, takes the
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comprising four parts). The four parts are — monks, nuns, male lay followers (also known as
1245:
1148:
1143:). However, the memory of the monks weakened in the 12-year long famine as described in the
1004:
996:
have come into existence till date and most of them are extinct now. Only 4 survive today -
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monk, but he believed that their teachings were inappropriate. As a result, he started the
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religion and scriptures as well as their duties and responsibilities from the mendicants' v
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3309:
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3261:. This is one of the two major celebrations as per Śvetāmbara scriptures, the other being
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2333:
Writing non-canonical scriptures (including commentaries on canonical scriptures) such as
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792:
648:
563:
432:
141:
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and is considered to be one of the holiest days by Śvetāmbara lay followers, who perform
3208:. Most of the reading is done in private, except the chapter that describes the birth of
2202:). Finally, after sufficient spiritual education, a monk is promoted to the status of an
4039:
1750:
is considered to be lost by both the sects. It was this scripture that contained the 14
51:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
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which is performed parallel to the recitation of the hymn of the same name authored by
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Several other forms of worshipping of the idols exist. One of the most popular ones is
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From a linguistic point of view, Śvetāmbara canonical scriptures are the oldest of all
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199:
154:
4970:
4719:
986:
and has the most number of followers as well as monks. To manage the large following,
861:, a canonical scripture of the Śvetāmbaras. According to the lineage mentioned in the
7981:
7882:
7734:
7719:
7385:
7268:
5187:"Chapter 28 – Six Essentials (Ävashyaka) – The Jainsite World's Largest Jain Website"
5063:
4008:
3687:
3669:
3510:
3337:(which means that it has existed since eternity and will continue to exist forever).
3204:). It is during these 8 days that monks and nuns read the holy canonical scripture -
3191:
2731:
as supreme beings for purification of soul. Through this, a lay follower attains the
2297:
1285:
1205:
870:
829:. This is also the earliest formal recognition of the schism between the two sects.
441:
343:
308:
114:
6187:
5306:
4329:
Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Vol-19, Issue no.-January-December
2431:
Accepting confessions from and giving tasks to make up for their sins to the laity (
1522:
7802:
7792:
7400:
7311:
7306:
7293:
7243:
7210:
7173:
6876:
6866:
6372:
3948:
3944:
3696:
posture at this point and eventually attained liberation. Several devotees perform
3490:
3348:
3218:
2771:
2647:
2459:
2178:
Monks of the Śvetāmbara sect are categorized among the classes as described in the
2091:
1906:
1629:
1273:
937:
929:
866:
618:
348:
318:
179:
149:
104:
77:
5595:
4429:"The Great Accomplishment of the Past Century ABHIDHAN RAJENDRA KOSH - Jainavenue"
2497:
Scriptures describe 12 vows that a householder must take in order to bind minimum
2052:
and tears his/her hair out. A newly-initiated monk/nun is ceremoniously given the
1514:
6732:
6712:
6692:
6672:
6634:
6607:
6587:
6567:
6547:
6527:
6503:
6483:
6463:
6443:
6423:
6376:
6353:
6108:
5127:
4840:
4374:
4272:
4192:
7831:
7405:
7273:
7104:
7089:
7071:
7051:
7034:
6888:
6821:
6395:
4021:
3997:
3936:
3901:
3750:
3738:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3713:
3651:
3639:
3610:
in huge numbers on this day, every year and circumambulate the entire region of
3547:
3539:
3465:
3440:
3303:
3074:
3060:
3038:
and at least 3 hymns and a recitation of major Jain hymns and prayers including
3012:
2998:
2974:(worshipping the idol by placing flower on its parts) are collectively known as
2915:
2886:
2853:
2752:
2726:
2408:
2354:
2334:
2281:
2259:
2150:
2135:
2133:
Mendicants constantly wander for 8 months of a year (except the 4 months of the
2029:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1924:
1915:
1892:
1833:
1823:
1796:
1774:
1321:
1090:
1044:
1032:
1017:
998:
972:
926:
911:
847:
788:
608:
504:
390:
338:
254:
194:
7963:
5830:
4986:
2078:
Monks and nuns of the Śvetāmbara sect wear white seamless clothing and carry a
643:
7836:
7812:
7473:
7435:
7321:
7188:
7183:
7141:
7002:
6922:
4050:
was female. However, Digambara reject this, and worship Mallinatha as a male.
3746:
3716:
3698:
3692:
3354:
3092:
3080:
3033:
2834:
it includes taking vows for and limiting all actions so as to perform minimal
2820:
2806:
2789:
2743:(true and right knowledge, belief, and conduct). Śvetāmbara canon defines the
2733:
2398:
2361:
2344:
1883:
1874:
1805:
1785:
1052:
1036:
826:
540:
535:
385:
375:
370:
278:
204:
5549:
4923:
4490:
4119:
4117:
3759:
According to legends, this spot has witnessed most number of souls attaining
3222:
and seek forgiveness for the sins they committed in the past year by saying "
2545:
followed by the mendicants. Householders are directed to avoid speaking lies.
2223:
has a spiritual preceptor of the highest order and who is referred to as the
7777:
7440:
7395:
7364:
7316:
7301:
7056:
7026:
6849:
6826:
6405:
4945:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Âkârâṅga Sûtra: Book II, Lecture 3, Lesson 1"
4841:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Âkârâṅga Sûtra: Book II, Lecture 1, Lesson 1"
4792:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Âkârâṅga Sûtra: Book II, Lecture 7, Lesson 1"
4060:
3985:
3981:
3955:. However, monks of Śvetāmbara sect also follow all 5 vows as stated in the
3865:
3780:
3734:
3655:
3591:
3551:
3453:
3426:
3185:
2979:
2739:
2725:: This refers to extolling and appreciating the qualities of and praying to
2665:
2630:
2389:
2383:
2049:
1863:
1844:
1555:('Fundamental texts' which are foundational works studied by new monastics)
1477:, 'Stories on characters from the legendary dynasty known as Andhaka-Vṛṣṇi')
1333:
1056:
1048:
1028:
833:
818:
814:
804:
784:
756:
613:
603:
578:
413:
365:
3508:
This festival is celebrated on the 11th day of the bright fortnight of the
3265:. During this festival, Śvetāmbaras worship the 9 supreme entities, namely
2471:
The Śvetāmbara canon defines some guidelines and duties for lay followers (
37:
17:
6982:
6758:
6445:
Religions in Focus: New Approaches to Tradition and Contemporary Practices
7851:
7846:
7359:
7333:
7066:
5920:
5450:
4273:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Lives of the Ginas: List of the Sthaviras"
3965:
3952:
3940:
3766:
3611:
3574:
3572:
This festival is observed on the 13th day of the bright fortnight of the
3461:
3209:
3007:
2939:
2856:
2063:
1156:
1136:
1109:
914:
850:
810:
764:
353:
6529:
Gender and Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women
5281:"Jain Festival: Dressing up the gods and goddess | NY Living Traditions"
2885:
The Śvetāmbara canon unequivocally endorses the worshipping of idols of
7200:
6976:
6971:
6942:
6805:
6694:
Guardians of the Transcendent: An Ethnology of a Jain Ascetic Community
4607:
3861:
3776:
3647:
3587:
3555:
3469:
3457:
3447:
3430:
3376:
3320:
3247:
3143:
3003:
2935:
2482:
2418:
2162:
2140:
1755:
1194:
1082:
983:
780:
768:
752:
96:
6801:
6769:
5969:
5943:
5895:
5767:
5719:
5621:
5091:
5038:
4693:
4667:
4638:
4578:
4552:
3358:. One of the most popular legends associated with this festival is of
2216:
are spiritual heads of the said monastic order. Usually each of the 4
1293:, 'Ten chapters on those who put an end to rebirth in this very life')
7856:
7354:
7094:
6961:
6927:
3906:
3801:
3796:
3785:
3761:
3659:
3643:
3635:
3595:
3520:
3435:
3199:
2577:
2229:
2217:
1993:
1982:
987:
982:(idol-worshipping) sect is the largest of all sects and sub-sects of
953:
881:
525:
249:
184:
3594:
and Shyaambh, along with 8.5 crore (85 million) mendicants attained
3245:
This is a 9-day long festival that occurs twice a year, once in the
3228:" to the people they know. Digambaras, alternatively, celebrate the
2869:
and renouncing certain actions and objects for a set period of time.
2449:
perform consecration of temple lands and idols in a ritual known as
5259:
1305:, 'Ten chapters on those who were reborn in the uppermost heavens')
7491:
7468:
6937:
5472:"The divine moments of Shakrastav Abhishek at Kshatriyakund Tirth"
4000:
are plain in accordance with beliefs of the recently created sect
3860:
3834:
according to a ritual described in the scriptures and changes the
3084:
2942:
prayers, or singing devotional hymns. Objects of worship include,
2455:
Training the lay followers who seek initiation in the near future.
2084:
1131:
The Śvetāmbara canon consists of 45 scriptures, mostly written in
1027:
sect has had various eminent monks, including, but not limited to
945:
771:' practice of wearing white clothes, which sets it apart from the
244:
71:
6589:
History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE
6143:
6141:
6004:
6002:
5538:"Paryushan 2023: Date, Rituals and Significance of Jain Festival"
3232:
which is a 10-day long festival and has a different purpose than
2024:
Right before initiation, an ascetic-to-be performs his/her final
817:
sect emerged in 82 AD as a result of a rebellion by a monk named
6355:
Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India
5570:
1486:(Texts relating to the conduct and behaviour of monks and nuns)
1447:, 'Series of stories on characters reborn in the kalpa heavens')
809:Śvetāmbaras consider themselves to be the original followers of
6773:
6067:
6065:
4738:
A Treasury of Indian Wisdom: An Anthology of Spiritual Learning
3404:
It is celebrated on the 5th day of the bright fortnight of the
3394:
and their practices are vastly different from the Śvetāmbaras.
1987:
into four parts and the congregation is popularly known as the
1536:, Customary rules), only accepted as canonical by Mūrti-pūjakas
5307:"What is Ashta Prakari Puja? | Oshwal Association of the U.K."
31:
5353:
5064:"India Jains: Why are these youngsters renouncing the world?"
2309:
who are spiritual heads of a small sub-section of monks in a
2089:
A 1st- to 2nd–century CE water tank relief panel showing two
1546:, Large Niśītha), only accepted as canonical by Mūrti-pūjakas
49:
about Śvetāmbara temples, icons, differences with Digambaras.
6425:
Studies in Jaina History and Culture: Disputes and Dialogues
6378:
The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
6295:
6293:
4912:"In rare feat, 16-year-old Jain girl completes 110-day fast"
4721:
Shri Siddha Hemachandra Shabdanushashanam (sanskrit Grammar)
4482:
The Beginning of Hindu Culture as World-power (A.D. 300–600)
2148:
if developed, given up. However, during the 4 months of the
1417:, 'Exposition on the Jambū continent and the Jain universe')
80:
at a Jain temple in Mysore, depicting Śvetāmbara iconography
727:
721:
703:
4099:, pp. 53–59, 64–80, 286–287 with footnotes 21 and 32.
3340:
Throughout these 9 days, Śvetāmbara lay followers perform
3166:
is only performed by householders of the Śvetāmbara sect.
839:
that mention the historical lineage of their chief monks (
697:
6671:
Singh, Narendra (2001), "Acahrya Bhikshu and Terapanth",
5835:
HereNow4U: Portal on Jainism and next level consciousness
5156:"Concept of Six Essentials – Sadh Avashyaka - Jainavenue"
3846:(community lunch) is organized as part of the ceremony.
2996:(devotional hymns) extolling the life and qualities of a
2198:(the fourth class as described in the fourth line of the
960:. It was in existence until 1930s when it went extinct.
712:
6714:
Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
2099:
cloth on their left hand found in the ruins of Mathura (
1628:– a technical treatise on analytical methods, discusses
1496:, 'Ten about monastic conduct', chapter 8 is the famed
5039:"Anjan Shalaka Pran Pratistha Ceremony Shwetambar Sect"
4248:
Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Suffering-Zwingli
3333:. Śvetāmbaras, therefore, consider this festival to be
3073:
which is a lengthy ritual that includes mimicking of a
2186:(the fifth class as described in the fifth line of the
3425:(sandalwood powder) and reciting hymns venerating the
2782:
actions. It includes the first, second, and the fifth
2485:
to fulfill. Some of them are summarized as follows: -
5720:"Shri Gyan Panchami | Oshwal Association of the U.K."
4011:
time, till date, its monastic community has had more
2424:
Administering vows to the laity, such as the laity's
1387:, 'Classification of animate and inanimate entities')
1081:
as well as the foundational aspects of understanding
700:
5831:"The "99fold" Pilgrimage to Shatrunjaya @ HereNow4U"
5260:"How to do Puja – Jain Society Of Greater Cleveland"
4987:"The Vratas (Vows) of Householders - JAINA-JainLink"
3621:
Devotees first ascend the hill until they reach the
3380:
month. Although Digambaras believe in the legend of
1437:, 'Series of stories on characters reborn in hells')
724:
718:
709:
7911:
7875:
7758:
7697:
7661:
7591:
7509:
7502:
7454:
7378:
7342:
7292:
7219:
7134:
7080:
7025:
7016:
6840:
6812:
5511:America (YJA), Young Jains of (14 September 2018).
5013:"6 Internal Austerities (Abhyantar Tap) in Jainism"
2032:idols. Monks and nuns are not permitted to perform
1397:, 'Enunciation on topics of philosophy and ethics')
1020:is the largest, with the most monks and followers.
715:
706:
6132:
4765:America (YJA), Young Jains of (23 February 2024).
4221:Ideal, Ideology & Practice: Studies in Jainism
3943:. The difference is only that Śvetāmbaras believe
3646:gave birth to 6 other sons before giving birth to
1754:(14 scriptures containing extensive knowledge) of
971:in temples, worship before the images or idols of
886:(administrative sub-divisions) were created. Each
4518:Jain Literature , Aspects of Jainology: Volume VI
3472:endorses the existence of 5 types of knowledge —
1830:(biographies of the lives of 63 illustrious men)
1427:, 'Exposition on the moon and the Jain universe')
1257:, 'Exposition of explanations' or 'the holy one')
4245:Hastings, James; Selbie, John Alexander (1922).
3935:Śvetāmbaras believe that Parshvanatha, the 23rd
3686:, who was himself one of the prime disciples of
992:(administrative sub-divisions) were created. 84
6236:
6171:
6071:
5801:America (YJA), Young Jains of (24 March 2019).
5646:America (YJA), Young Jains of (11 April 2022).
4456:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 13.
2696:. Following are the 6 essential observances of
1565:), this is memorized by all new Jain mendicants
6008:
4767:"What is Jain Diksha and what does it entail?"
1607:), only accepted as canonical by Mūrti-pūjakas
6785:
6526:Jaini, Padmanabh S.; Goldman, Robert (2018),
6147:
668:
8:
5620:Vinayvijay, Upadhyay; Yashovijay, Upadhyay.
5513:"Experiences with Paryushan and Das Lakshan"
4865:author/lokmat-english-desk (31 March 2024).
4827:
3799:. It is believed that several soul attained
3606:on this day. Śvetāmbara lay followers visit
3050:. It is considered to be a standard form of
3016:in particular seating positions is known as
1135:. They are considered to be what is left of
6462:Jain, Jyotindra; Fischer, Eberhard (1978),
6213:"Religious Knowledge and Stavan Collecting"
4815:
4123:
4046:The Śvetāmbaras state the 19th Tirthankara
3678:— Legend says this lake was established by
3662:at the spot where this shrine stands today.
2571:: This is a milder form of the mendicants'
2003:), and female lay followers (also known as
7506:
7022:
6792:
6778:
6770:
4485:. Shanghai: Commercial Press. p. 29.
4007:According to Śvetāmbara Jain texts, since
3947:taught one vow less (the Four vows except
3658:. Legend says that all 6 of them attained
3638:6 sons — According to the Jain version of
2865:, a follower's soul is purified by taking
2421:among the laity through religious sermons.
2267:as it is further sub-divided into various
2056:by their preceptor (who is always only an
1746:The above list makes it 46, but the last a
1457:, 'Flowers' refers to one of the stories')
1329:,'Bad or good results of deeds performed')
675:
661:
83:
6546:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2007),
6056:
5451:"Snatra Puja – Jain Samaj of Long Island"
3805:while performing penance under this tree.
3712:These are two shrines devoted to the 2nd
3414:. This festival is celebrated to worship
1281:,'Ten chapters on the Jain lay follower')
967:, that is they actively offer devotional
6109:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Contents"
4375:"Jaina Sutras, Part I (SBE22): Contents"
4303:Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation
3745:, a hymn in which alternate verse extol
6323:
6032:
5970:"Adhar Abhishek evam Dhwajaropan Vidhi"
4402:www.wisdomlib.org (17 September 2017).
4077:
3964:two sects also differ on the origin of
3650:. These 6 sons were initiated into the
3433:, the eternal knowledge of the road to
3087:. Other popular ritualistic bathing is
3024:is usually performed in two postures —
2685:(Essential Observances) of Householders
2646:: This vow entails the completion of 2
1622:– discusses the five types of knowledge
95:
29:One of the two major schools of Jainism
6335:
6311:
6299:
6272:
6248:
6182:
6180:
6159:
6083:
6044:
6020:
5993:
5796:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5700:
5690:
5432:
5422:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5150:
5148:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5085:
5083:
5081:
4893:
4883:
4096:
4084:
3775:This is believed to be the spot where
3319:, one day for each of these entities.
2541:: This is a toned-down version of the
1771:Commentaries on canonical scriptures:
767:means "white-clad", and refers to its
6636:Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana: Jaina iconography
6260:
6095:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5825:
5823:
4760:
4758:
4661:
4659:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4601:
4599:
4529:
4527:
4397:
4395:
4361:
4295:
4293:
4108:
3726:each. Shrines dedicated to these two
3460:, she is not worshipped as she is in
3158:in a particular sequence is known as
876:To manage the large following of the
869:was, unequivocally, the successor of
751:) is one of the two main branches of
7:
6284:
5803:"Chha Gaun Yatra — A Hidden Journey"
5378:www.wisdomlib.org (19 August 2023).
5327:www.wisdomlib.org (19 August 2023).
5207:www.wisdomlib.org (19 August 2023).
4404:"Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra"
4349:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4147:
4135:
3900:sub-tradition after criticizing the
2535:(non-violence) as mendicants follow.
2194:may be promoted to the status of an
2125:to obtain control over the senses.
906:(including the one mentioned in the
6657:, vol. 1, Anmol Publications,
5870:"Spiritual Pilgrimmage of Chha Gau"
4534:Mahopadhyay Yashovijaya Ji (1958).
2561:: This is a toned-down form of the
2294:Sagaranand (or Anandsagar) Samudaay
1269:, 'Parables and religious stories')
1213:, 'On heretical systems and views')
6532:, University of California Press,
4637:Siddhasena Divakarasuri, Acharya.
4579:"Vimalsuri's Paumachariyam Part 2"
4553:"Vimalsuri's Paumachariyam Part 1"
4019:(female than male mendicants). In
2848:. Similarly, a lay follower takes
1903:Treatise on languages and grammar
1120:), and miscellaneous scriptures.
910:) trace their lineage to the 24th
25:
6505:Collected Papers On Jaina Studies
6502:Jaini, Padmanabh S., ed. (2000),
5944:"Dhwaja Pujani Vidhi ane Samagri"
4639:"Shri Vardhman Shakrastav Stotra"
4606:Siddhasena Divakarsuri, Acharya.
4191:Dundas, Paul (2 September 2003).
3542:of the past, present, and future
3137:. As such, even though attending
2751:to extol the qualities of the 24
2417:Actively promoting principles of
2313:. Other classes of monks such as
2182:. Each newly initiated monk is a
1201:, meaning: 'On monastic conduct')
7962:
6800:
6757:
6609:Jainism: The World of Conquerors
6586:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007),
5092:"Samkit Mul 12 Vrat 124 Atichar"
4735:Singh, Karan (15 January 2016).
4497:from the original on 2 July 2023
4460:from the original on 2 July 2023
4126:, pp. 1–2, 8–9, xxxiv–xxxv.
4025:of the modern era, the ratio of
3582:and is directly associated with
2611:Sthūla Anarthadaṇḍa Viramaṇ Vrat
2605:Sthūla Bhogopabhoga Viramaṇ Vrat
1710:, 'Praise of the kings of gods')
963:Majority of the Śvetāmbaras are
693:
642:
103:
76:An idol of the 23rd tirthankara
36:
6697:, University of Toronto Press,
4300:Glasenapp, Helmuth von (1999).
4218:Singhi, Narendra Kumar (1987).
3618:(walk of visiting 6 villages).
3439:is recorded in the word of the
2966:(bathing the idol with water),
2551:: This is a milder form of the
2521:Sthūla Prāṇātipāta Viramaṇ Vrat
2305:etc. Another class of monks is
1317:, 'Questions and explanations')
925:traces its lineage to the 23rd
7898:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
5011:Shah, Jay (27 November 2023).
3562:are associated with this day.
2549:Sthūla Adattādāna Viramaṇ Vrat
2523:: A toned-down version of the
1690:, 'Reflection on rice grains')
1237:, 'On "rising numerical groups
1094:Trisasti-shalakapurusa-caritra
1:
6711:Vyas, Dr. R. T., ed. (1995),
3110:(Interaction with Mendicants)
2786:as part of rituals within it.
6482:Jain, Kailash Chand (1991),
6275:, pp. 314–331, 353–361.
5495:"Shri Adhaar Abhishek Vidhi"
5209:"Six Avasyakas (essentials)"
4479:Sarkar, Benoy Kumar (1916).
4450:Stevenson, Margaret (1915).
4306:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
3980:Digambara believe Rishabha,
3710:Ajitnath - Shantinath Deri —
3370:falls on the 7th day of the
2812:Chaturvimsati-stava Āvaśyaka
2569:Sthūla Parigrah Viramaṇ Vrat
2559:Sthūla Maithuna Viramaṇ Vrat
2539:Sthūla Mṛṣāvāda Viramaṇ Vrat
1828:Trīṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacharitra
1660:, 'Sick man's renunciation')
1345:and is considered lost now')
857:is the one mentioned in the
6983:
6485:Lord Mahāvīra and His Times
6358:, Oxford University Press,
5921:"Palitana - Jain Treasures"
5493:Arvindsagar Maharaj, Muni.
5380:"Ten rituals of the Temple"
5329:"Ten rituals of the Temple"
4608:"Shri Kalyan Mandir Stotra"
3928:Differences with Digambaras
2800:, a lay follower goes into
2406:Vardhamān Śakrastav Stotra,
1153:Devardhigani Kshamashramana
956:community belonged to this
484:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
260:Aparigraha (non-possession)
8009:
5768:"Maun Ekadashi Vrat Katha"
4718:Hemachandracharya (1934).
4666:Hemachandrasuri, Acharya.
4043:through ascetic practices.
3456:represents. Therefore, in
2706:of the Śvetāmbara sect: -
2370:Writing devotional songs (
1888:Vardhamān Śakrastav Stotra
1526:(Niśītha, 'Interdictions')
1407:, 'Exposition on the sun')
1377:, 'Questions of the king')
1246:Viyāha-pannatti / Bhagavaī
1066:
1041:Devardhigani Kshamashraman
853:. The most popular of the
846:) beginning with the 24th
802:
470:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
449:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
7959:
6731:Wiley, Kristi L. (2009),
6566:Long, Jeffery D. (2013),
6508:(First ed.), Delhi:
4197:. Routledge. p. 46.
4167:"Visheshavashyak Bhashya"
3464:, but as the word of the
2804:(pure meditation) during
2690:bind least and shed most
1920:Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana
1853:Jain versions of Ramayana
1670:, 'Renunciation of food')
1352:Upāṅgas (auxiliary limbs)
1225:, 'On different points ')
1149:Great Council of Vallabhi
1063:Scriptures and literature
832:Śvetāmbaras have several
6674:Encyclopaedia of Jainism
6639:, Abhinav Publications,
6606:Shah, Natubhai (2004) ,
6569:Jainism: An Introduction
6549:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
4828:Jaini & Goldman 2018
4694:"Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa"
4668:"Shri Sakalarhat Stotra"
4224:. Printwell Publishers.
3002:. A sequence of several
2844:(vow) before commencing
2640:being bound to the soul.
2601:being bound to the soul.
2593:Sthūla Dik Parimāṇa Vrat
2302:Bhuvanbhanusuri Samudaay
2288:Buddhisagarsuri Samudaay
2020:Preparing for Initiation
1943:Abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi-kośa
1762:Non-Canonical Literature
1640:("miscellaneous texts")
1518:(Vyavahāra, 'Procedure')
1431:Nirayāvaliyāo or Kappiya
950:Acharya Swayamprabhasuri
624:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
477:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
267:Anuvratas (further vows)
7862:Jain terms and concepts
7482:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
6631:Shah, Umakant Premanand
6552:, Infobase Publishing,
6488:, Motilal Banarsidass,
6442:Harvey, Graham (2016),
6352:Cort, John E. (2001a),
6188:"Jain Agama Literature"
6133:Kailash Chand Jain 1991
5868:Gunratnasuri, Acharya.
5410:www.austinjainsangh.org
5354:"YJA | Temple Handouts"
5090:Muni, Malaykirtivijay.
4972:Shri Anand Ghan Chovisi
4692:Rajendrasuri, Acharya.
4516:Jain, Sagarmal (1998).
4124:Jain & Fischer 1978
3765:than any other spot on
3684:Ganadhar Pundarik Swami
3374:that occurs during the
3079:ritualistic bathing at
2891:by all sections of the
2840:. A lay follower takes
2775:: Shedding of negative
2271:(smaller sections of a
1740:, 'Great renunciation')
1730:, 'Great renunciation')
1720:, 'A Gaṇi's knowledge')
1127:or Canonical Literature
1114:stavan, stuti, sajjhay,
942:Acharya Ratnaprabhasuri
787:and coastal regions of
233:Mahavratas (major vows)
6691:Vallely, Anne (2002),
6677:, Anmol Publications,
6653:Shashi, S. S. (1996),
6422:Flügel, Peter (2006),
5942:Muni, Deepratnasagar.
5622:"Shripaal Rajano Raas"
4969:Anand Ghan Ji (1950).
3873:
3870:Prince of Wales museum
3838:(flag) hoisted on the
3783:and Shyaambh attained
3427:demi-goddess Saraswati
3388:, they do not perform
3368:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
3251:month and once in the
3093:Achraya Siddhasenasuri
2672:Atithi Saṃvibhāga Vrat
2493:(Vows) of Householders
2298:Kalapurnasuri Samudaay
2104:
2070:Monastic Possessions (
1929:Tattvaprakāśikā prakāś
1911:Abhidhānarājaindrakōśa
1467:, 'The nun Puṣpacūlā')
1303:Anuttaropapātika-daśāḥ
1298:Anuttaraupapātikadaśāh
1141:guru-shishya parampara
755:, the other being the
531:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
442:Samayasāra (Digambara)
255:Brahmacarya (chastity)
81:
47:is missing information
7893:List of Jain ascetics
7698:Dynasties and empires
7487:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
6734:The A to Z of Jainism
6057:Jones & Ryan 2007
5544:. 19 September 2023.
4251:. T. & T. Clark.
3864:
3857:(Aniconic) Traditions
3445:and that is known as
3032:. It also includes 2
2906:(sandalwood powder),
2563:Brahmacharya Mahāvrat
2458:Regularly performing
2366:Viśeśāvaśyaka Bhaśya.
2275:). Some of the major
2251:Parshvachandra Gaccha
2088:
1933:old Gujarati language
1700:, 'Hitting the mark')
1650:, The 'four refuges')
1363:,'Places of rebirth')
1286:Aṇuttarovavāiya-dasāo
1010:Parshvachandra Gaccha
952:, the founder of the
948:community as well as
944:, the founder of the
250:Asteya (non-stealing)
240:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
75:
7888:List of Jain temples
6766:at Wikimedia Commons
6237:Umakant P. Shah 1987
6192:www.cs.colostate.edu
6172:Umakant P. Shah 1987
6072:Umakant P. Shah 1987
5896:"Ajit-Shanti Stotra"
4453:The Heart of Jainism
3702:here and recite the
3044:Uvasaggaharam Stotra
3010:prayers extolling a
2862:Uttaradhyayana Sutra
2818:is performed during
2759:Ardhamagadhi Prakrit
2717:Uttaradhyayana Sutra
2401:Kalyan Mandir Stotra
2095:Jain monks carrying
1931:(the grammar of the
1879:Kalyān Mandir Stotra
1810:Viśeśāvaśyaka Bhaśya
1575:Uttarādhyayana-sūtra
1570:Uttarajjhayaṇa-sutta
1510:, ' Religious code')
1415:Jambūdvīpa-prajñapti
1267:Jñāta-dharmakathānga
1172:Uttaradhyayana Sutra
1155:, which was held at
1151:under leadership of
1133:Ardhamagadhi Prakrit
1112:, devotional hymns (
1102:Ardhamagadhi Prakrit
940:'s chief disciples,
823:Viśeśāvaśyaka Bhaśya
409:Schools and Branches
7969:Religion portal
7903:Topics List (index)
7194:Mahamastakabhisheka
6614:Motilal Banarsidass
6510:Motilal Banarsidass
6404:(Second ed.),
6302:, pp. 182–183.
6023:, pp. 246–249.
6009:Narendra Singh 2001
5766:Shah, Pulinbhai R.
5678:austinjainsangh.org
5158:. 14 September 2020
4918:. 29 October 2023.
4818:, pp. 174–176.
4332:. pp. 233–242.
4002:Digambara Terapanth
3892:was initiated as a
3225:Michchhāmi Dukkaḍaṃ
3170:Religious festivals
3089:Śakrastava Abhiṣeka
2954:(raw rice grains),
2757:. It is written in
2723:Chaturvimsati-stava
1969:Religious practices
1961:Deśi-Śabda-Sangraho
1563:Daśavaikālika-sūtra
1411:Jambūdvīpa-pannatti
1106:Maharashtri Prakrit
799:History and lineage
649:Religion portal
339:The 24 Tirthankaras
7993:Schools of Jainism
7867:Sexual differences
6468:, BRILL Academic,
6148:Natubhai Shah 2004
5923:. 19 November 2021
5703:has generic name (
5571:"YJA | Navpad Oli"
5542:The Times of India
5435:has generic name (
4916:The Times of India
4896:has generic name (
3874:
3486:Manaḥparyaya Jñāna
3240:Śāśvata Navpad Oli
3162:. The practice of
3118:has 4 pillars and
3116:Chaturvidha Sangha
2893:Chaturvidha Sangha
2573:Aparigrah Mahāvrat
2350:Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya
2105:
2066:all their life.
1989:chaturvidha sangha
1976:Chaturvidha Sangha
1791:Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya
1658:Ātura-pratyākhyāna
1626:Anuyogadvāra-sūtra
1559:Dasaveyāliya-sutta
1341:'contained the 14
902:. While all other
456:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
82:
7975:
7974:
7657:
7656:
7436:Hampa Nagarajaiah
7329:Auspicious dreams
7257:Bhaktamara Stotra
7130:
7129:
6762:Media related to
6744:978-0-8108-6821-2
6704:978-0-8020-8415-6
6646:978-81-7017-208-6
6623:978-81-208-1938-2
6579:978-0-85771-392-6
6559:978-0-8160-5458-9
6539:978-0-520-30296-9
6519:978-81-208-1691-6
6495:978-81-208-0805-8
6465:Jaina Iconography
6455:978-1-134-93690-8
6435:978-1-134-23552-0
6388:978-0-14-341517-6
6381:, Penguin books,
6365:978-0-19-513234-2
6314:, pp. 55–59.
6287:, pp. 36–37.
6239:, pp. 79–80.
6150:, pp. 73–74.
6098:, pp. 27–28.
6086:, pp. 31–33.
5968:Mehta, Arvind K.
5894:Muni, Nandisena.
5384:www.wisdomlib.org
5333:www.wisdomlib.org
5213:www.wisdomlib.org
4830:, pp. 42–45.
4748:978-81-8475-303-5
4577:Jacobi, Hermann.
4551:Jacobi, Hermann.
4408:www.wisdomlib.org
4352:, pp. 20–22.
4313:978-81-208-1376-2
4258:978-0-567-06509-4
4231:978-81-7044-042-0
4204:978-1-134-50165-6
4138:, pp. 60–61.
4111:, pp. 83–84.
3996:Recent Digambara
3905:on the principle
3773:Bhadva's Dungar —
3578:month as per the
2749:Namutthunam Sutra
2644:Deśāvakāśika Vrat
2553:Achaurya Mahāvrat
2412:Sakalarhat Stotra
2394:Bhaktāmara Stotra
1897:Sakalārhat Stotra
1869:Bhaktāmara Stotra
1860:Devotional hymns
1728:Mahā-pratyākhyāna
1688:Taṇḍula-vaicārika
1262:Nāyā-dhamma-kahāo
1251:Vyākhyā-prajñapti
685:
684:
304:Micchami Dukkadam
299:Bhaktamara Stotra
228:Ethics of Jainism
70:
69:
16:(Redirected from
8000:
7967:
7966:
7929:Monks & nuns
7826:Statue of Ahimsa
7783:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
7507:
7421:Champat Rai Jain
7264:Tattvartha Sutra
7023:
6986:
6804:
6794:
6787:
6780:
6771:
6761:
6747:
6727:
6707:
6687:
6667:
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6626:
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6582:
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6264:
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6246:
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6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6217:academic.oup.com
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6175:
6169:
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6145:
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6123:
6121:
6119:
6113:sacred-texts.com
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6099:
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6069:
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6036:
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5815:
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5778:
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5756:
5754:
5752:
5747:. 6 January 2023
5737:
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5305:Patani, Ashish.
5302:
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5293:
5291:
5285:nytraditions.org
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5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5037:Shah, Pravin K.
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4949:sacred-texts.com
4941:
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4895:
4891:
4889:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4845:sacred-texts.com
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4816:Quintanilla 2007
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4796:sacred-texts.com
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4379:sacred-texts.com
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4318:
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4094:
4088:
4082:
3821:Dhvajā Mahotsava
3815:comes to an end.
3743:Ajit-Śānti Stava
3682:, a disciple of
3628:Palitana temples
3608:Palitana temples
3535:panch kalyanakas
2976:Aṣṭaprakāri Pūjā
2174:Classes of Monks
2108:Begging for Alms
1820:and other monks
1724:Mahā-paccakkhāṇa
1684:Tandula-veyāliya
1654:Āura-paccakkhāṇa
1425:Candra-prajñapti
1361:Aupapātika-sūtra
1315:Praśna-vyākaraṇa
1240:
1005:Kharatara Gaccha
734:
733:
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729:
726:
723:
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717:
714:
711:
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702:
699:
677:
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663:
647:
646:
584:Shravanabelagola
491:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
463:Tattvartha Sutra
107:
84:
65:
62:
56:
40:
32:
21:
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8007:
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7999:
7998:
7997:
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7976:
7971:
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7955:
7907:
7871:
7820:Panch Kalyanaka
7754:
7693:
7689:Non-creationism
7653:
7587:
7498:
7450:
7431:Jeffery D. Long
7426:Padmanabh Jaini
7411:Virchand Gandhi
7391:Colette Caillat
7374:
7338:
7288:
7215:
7126:
7076:
7012:
6899:Heavenly beings
6836:
6808:
6798:
6754:
6745:
6730:
6725:
6710:
6705:
6690:
6685:
6670:
6665:
6652:
6647:
6629:
6624:
6612:, vol. I,
6605:
6600:
6585:
6580:
6572:, I.B. Tauris,
6565:
6560:
6545:
6540:
6525:
6520:
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6496:
6481:
6476:
6461:
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6082:
6078:
6070:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6043:
6039:
6031:
6027:
6019:
6015:
6011:, p. 5184.
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5941:
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5809:
5800:
5799:
5786:
5776:
5774:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5750:
5748:
5741:"Maun Ekadashi"
5739:
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5724:
5722:
5717:
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5712:
5699:
5689:
5682:
5680:
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5521:
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5510:
5509:
5505:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5474:. 4 August 2018
5470:
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4107:
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4095:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4057:
4009:Rishabhanatha's
3988:were the three
3930:
3888:sub-tradition.
3859:
3824:
3795:This is an old
3676:Chandan Talavdi
3672:gets collected.
3666:Ulkā Jal Deri —
3600:Bhadva's Dungar
3570:
3506:
3402:
3327:that propagate
3243:
3182:
3172:
3152:Abbhuthio Sutra
3148:Icchakāra Sutra
3112:
3083:by the demi-god
3030:Muktāśuktimudrā
2883:
2797:Sthananga Sutra
2687:
2495:
2469:
2382:etc.), such as
2327:
2257:each. However,
2176:
2131:
2110:
2101:Brooklyn Museum
2076:
2046:
2022:
2017:
1979:
1971:
1851:(oldest of all
1839:Pariśiṣṭaparvan
1816:Biographies of
1764:
1616:("appendixes")
1445:Kalpāvataṃsikāḥ
1405:Sūrya-prajñapti
1401:Sūriya-pannatti
1385:Jīvājīvābhigama
1381:Jīvājīvābhigama
1367:Rāya-paseṇaijja
1238:
1176:Sthananga Sutra
1164:Jain literature
1129:
1079:Jain philosophy
1071:
1069:Jain literature
1065:
978:The Śvetāmbara
807:
801:
793:Jeffery D. Long
791:. According to
735:; also spelled
696:
692:
681:
641:
634:
633:
599:
598:
589:
588:
556:
555:
546:
545:
521:
520:
511:
510:
436:
435:
433:Jain literature
424:
423:
406:
405:
396:
395:
334:
333:
324:
323:
314:Ṇamōkāra mantra
294:
293:
284:
283:
225:
224:
215:
214:
145:
144:
66:
60:
57:
50:
41:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8006:
8004:
7996:
7995:
7990:
7980:
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7957:
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7707:
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7695:
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7692:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7665:
7663:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7644:Southeast Asia
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
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7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7595:
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7589:
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7515:
7513:
7504:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7478:Organisations
7476:
7471:
7466:
7460:
7458:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7448:
7446:Jinendra Varni
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7416:Hermann Jacobi
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7350:Digambara monk
7346:
7344:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7319:
7309:
7304:
7298:
7296:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7284:Uttaradhyayana
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7254:
7252:Namokar Mantra
7246:
7241:
7239:Shatkhandagama
7236:
7234:Pravachanasara
7231:
7225:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7176:
7171:
7166:
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7156:
7155:
7154:
7144:
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7136:
7132:
7131:
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7127:
7125:
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7121:
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7115:
7114:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7086:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7045:Kashtha Sangha
7042:
7040:Balatkara Gana
7031:
7029:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6979:
6974:
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6964:
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6953:
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6950:
6945:
6935:
6925:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6884:Jain cosmology
6881:
6880:
6879:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6846:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6818:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6806:Jainism topics
6799:
6797:
6796:
6789:
6782:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6753:
6752:External links
6750:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6728:
6723:
6708:
6703:
6688:
6683:
6668:
6663:
6650:
6645:
6627:
6622:
6603:
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6583:
6578:
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6523:
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6494:
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6414:
6392:
6387:
6369:
6364:
6347:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6328:
6316:
6304:
6289:
6277:
6265:
6253:
6251:, p. 167.
6241:
6229:
6204:
6176:
6164:
6152:
6137:
6125:
6100:
6088:
6076:
6061:
6059:, p. 211.
6049:
6047:, p. 945.
6037:
6025:
6013:
5998:
5996:, p. 254.
5986:
5960:
5934:
5912:
5886:
5847:
5819:
5784:
5758:
5732:
5718:Shah, Shobha.
5710:
5664:
5638:
5612:
5587:
5562:
5529:
5503:
5485:
5463:
5442:
5396:
5370:
5345:
5319:
5297:
5272:
5251:
5225:
5199:
5169:
5144:
5108:
5077:
5055:
5029:
5003:
4978:
4961:
4936:
4903:
4857:
4832:
4820:
4808:
4783:
4754:
4747:
4741:. Penguin UK.
4727:
4710:
4684:
4655:
4624:
4595:
4569:
4543:
4523:
4508:
4471:
4442:
4431:. 7 April 2021
4420:
4391:
4366:
4354:
4335:
4319:
4312:
4289:
4264:
4257:
4237:
4230:
4210:
4203:
4183:
4152:
4140:
4128:
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4089:
4076:
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4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4044:
4034:
4005:
3994:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3957:Ācārāṅga Sūtra
3929:
3926:
3868:on display at
3858:
3848:
3844:svāmi-vātsalya
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:Phālguṇa Pherī
3806:
3790:
3770:
3767:Palitana hills
3754:
3707:
3673:
3663:
3634:The shrine of
3612:Palitana hills
3604:Palitana hills
3580:lunar calendar
3569:
3567:Phālguṇa Pherī
3564:
3516:lunar calendar
3505:
3500:
3412:lunar calendar
3401:
3396:
3310:Samyak Cāritra
3298:Samyak Darśana
3259:lunar calendar
3242:
3237:
3192:lunar calendar
3181:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3111:
3101:
3067:
3066:
3040:Namokar Mantra
2983:
2958:(fruits), and
2929:
2912:'uttam dravya'
2882:
2881:(Idol Worship)
2872:
2871:
2870:
2830:: Last of all
2825:
2787:
2768:
2762:
2720:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2659:
2641:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2543:Satya Mahāvrat
2536:
2494:
2487:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2451:anjana-śalākā.
2442:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2368:
2326:
2323:
2265:gacchadhipatis
2243:Kharata Gaccha
2200:Namokar Mantra
2188:Namokar Mantra
2180:Namokar Mantra
2175:
2172:
2168:Ācārāṅga Sūtra
2145:Ācārāṅga Sūtra
2130:
2127:
2119:Ācārāṅga Sūtra
2114:Ācārāṅga Sūtra
2109:
2106:
2075:
2068:
2045:
2042:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1922:
1913:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1831:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1783:
1763:
1760:
1748:ngā Driśtivāda
1744:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1721:
1711:
1708:Devendra-stava
1704:Devinda-tthaya
1701:
1698:Candravedhyaka
1694:Canda-vejjhaya
1691:
1681:
1680:, 'Straw bed')
1671:
1668:Bhakta-parijñā
1664:Bhatta-parinnā
1661:
1651:
1638:Paiṇṇayasūtras
1634:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1601:Piṇḍa-niryukti
1593:Piṇḍa-nijjutti
1590:
1586:Āvaśyaka-sūtra
1581:Āvassaya-sutta
1578:
1566:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1501:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1441:Kappāvaḍaṃsiāo
1438:
1428:
1421:Canda-pannatti
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1364:
1357:Uvavāiya-sutta
1348:
1347:
1346:
1330:
1318:
1310:Paṇha-vāgaraṇa
1306:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1242:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1168:Ācārāṅga Sūtra
1128:
1122:
1098:Jain mythology
1075:Jain cosmology
1067:Main article:
1064:
1061:
894:One of the 84
800:
797:
683:
682:
680:
679:
672:
665:
657:
654:
653:
652:
651:
636:
635:
632:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
600:
596:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
557:
553:
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
538:
533:
528:
522:
518:
517:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:
501:
498:Silappatikaram
494:
487:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
445:
437:
431:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
416:
407:
403:
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
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388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
356:
351:
346:
341:
335:
331:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
295:
291:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
270:
269:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
236:
235:
226:
222:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
146:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:
127:
122:
117:
109:
108:
100:
99:
93:
92:
68:
67:
44:
42:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8005:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7970:
7965:
7958:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7910:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7883:List of Jains
7881:
7880:
7878:
7874:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7809:
7808:Jain calendar
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7757:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7696:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7666:
7664:
7660:
7650:
7649:United States
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7590:
7584:
7583:Uttar Pradesh
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7501:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7453:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7386:Nalini Balbir
7384:
7383:
7381:
7377:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7295:
7291:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7164:Vegetarianism
7162:
7160:
7157:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7133:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7015:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6987:
6985:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6795:
6790:
6788:
6783:
6781:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6765:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6746:
6740:
6737:, Scarecrow,
6736:
6735:
6729:
6726:
6724:81-7017-316-7
6720:
6716:
6715:
6709:
6706:
6700:
6696:
6695:
6689:
6686:
6684:81-261-0691-3
6680:
6676:
6675:
6669:
6666:
6664:81-7041-859-3
6660:
6656:
6651:
6648:
6642:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6628:
6625:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6610:
6604:
6601:
6599:9789004155374
6595:
6591:
6590:
6584:
6581:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6564:
6561:
6555:
6551:
6550:
6544:
6541:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6524:
6521:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6506:
6500:
6497:
6491:
6487:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6475:90-04-05259-3
6471:
6467:
6466:
6460:
6457:
6451:
6448:, Routledge,
6447:
6446:
6440:
6437:
6431:
6428:, Routledge,
6427:
6426:
6420:
6417:
6415:0-415-26605-X
6411:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6373:Dalal, Roshen
6370:
6367:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6338:, p. 56.
6337:
6332:
6329:
6326:, p. 15.
6325:
6320:
6317:
6313:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6266:
6263:, p. 47.
6262:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6233:
6230:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6193:
6189:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6174:, p. 17.
6173:
6168:
6165:
6162:, p. 21.
6161:
6156:
6153:
6149:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6135:, p. 12.
6134:
6129:
6126:
6114:
6110:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6041:
6038:
6035:, p. 59.
6034:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5990:
5987:
5975:
5971:
5964:
5961:
5949:
5945:
5938:
5935:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5901:
5897:
5890:
5887:
5875:
5871:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5808:
5804:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5773:
5769:
5762:
5759:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5721:
5714:
5711:
5706:
5694:
5679:
5675:
5672:User, Super.
5668:
5665:
5653:
5649:
5642:
5639:
5627:
5623:
5616:
5613:
5601:
5600:www.jaina.org
5597:
5591:
5588:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5530:
5518:
5514:
5507:
5504:
5496:
5489:
5486:
5473:
5467:
5464:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5438:
5426:
5411:
5407:
5406:"Snatra Puja"
5404:User, Super.
5400:
5397:
5385:
5381:
5374:
5371:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5334:
5330:
5323:
5320:
5308:
5301:
5298:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5226:
5214:
5210:
5203:
5200:
5188:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5097:
5093:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5066:. 7 July 2019
5065:
5059:
5056:
5044:
5040:
5033:
5030:
5018:
5014:
5007:
5004:
4992:
4991:www.jaina.org
4988:
4982:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4965:
4962:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4899:
4887:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4858:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4809:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4731:
4728:
4723:
4722:
4714:
4711:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4685:
4673:
4669:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4570:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4512:
4509:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4475:
4472:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4446:
4443:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4364:, p. 88.
4363:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4323:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4214:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4187:
4184:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4150:, p. 20.
4149:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4087:, p. 45.
4086:
4081:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3879:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3809:Juni Taleti —
3807:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3688:Rishabhanatha
3685:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3670:Rishabhanatha
3667:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3560:Suvrat Shetha
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3514:month of the
3513:
3512:
3511:Maargashirsha
3504:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3452:This is what
3451:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:month of the
3409:
3408:
3400:
3399:Jñāna Pañcamī
3397:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3386:Mayaṇasundarī
3383:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3364:Mayaṇasundarī
3361:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3257:month of the
3256:
3255:
3250:
3249:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3230:Das Lakshana,
3227:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3190:month of the
3189:
3188:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3076:tirthankara's
3072:
3064:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:Logassa Sutra
3045:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2816:Logassa Sutra
2813:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2745:Logassa Sutra
2742:
2741:
2737:and eventual
2736:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2662:Pauṣadha Vrat
2660:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:pratikramanas
2645:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2626:Sāmāyika Vrat
2623:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2409:Hemachandra's
2407:
2403:
2402:
2399:Siddhasena's
2397:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2255:gacchadhipati
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:gacchadhipati
2232:
2231:
2226:
2225:gacchadhipati
2222:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:Anekarth Kośa
1949:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1849:Paumachariyam
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:Śalākāpuruṣas
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1605:Ogha-niryukti
1602:
1598:
1597:Ogha-nijjutti
1594:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:Puṣpa-cūlikāḥ
1462:
1461:Puppha-cūliāo
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:Rāja-praśnīya
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1291:Antakṛd-daśāḥ
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:Upāsaka-daśāḥ
1276:
1275:
1274:Uvāsaga-dasāo
1271:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:Angās (limbs)
1181:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:Hemachandra's
1088:
1087:Śalākāpuruṣas
1084:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:Achal Gaccha.
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
990:
985:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
919:Upkesa Gaccha
916:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:Upkeśa Gaccha
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
849:
845:
844:
838:
837:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
813:and that the
812:
806:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
732:
690:
678:
673:
671:
666:
664:
659:
658:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
639:
638:
637:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
593:
592:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
550:
549:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
515:
514:
507:
506:
502:
500:
499:
495:
493:
492:
488:
486:
485:
481:
479:
478:
474:
472:
471:
467:
465:
464:
460:
458:
457:
453:
451:
450:
446:
444:
443:
439:
438:
434:
428:
427:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
410:
400:
399:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
381:Samantabhadra
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
332:Major figures
328:
327:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
309:Navkar Mantra
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
288:
287:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
268:
265:
264:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Satya (truth)
243:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
230:
229:
219:
218:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
143:
137:
136:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
112:
111:
110:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:
79:
74:
64:
61:December 2019
54:
48:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
27:
19:
7824:
7803:Samavasarana
7793:Śalākāpuruṣa
7401:John E. Cort
7312:Ashtamangala
7307:Siddhachakra
7244:Kasayapahuda
7211:Pratikramana
7119:Sthānakavāsī
7081:
6877:Anekāntavāda
6873:Jaina logic
6867:Kevala Jñāna
6862:Epistemology
6733:
6713:
6693:
6673:
6654:
6635:
6608:
6588:
6568:
6548:
6528:
6504:
6484:
6464:
6444:
6424:
6400:
6396:Dundas, Paul
6377:
6354:
6331:
6324:Vallely 2002
6319:
6307:
6280:
6268:
6256:
6244:
6232:
6220:. Retrieved
6216:
6207:
6195:. Retrieved
6191:
6167:
6155:
6128:
6116:. Retrieved
6112:
6103:
6091:
6079:
6074:, p. 5.
6052:
6040:
6033:Vallely 2002
6028:
6016:
5989:
5977:. Retrieved
5973:
5963:
5951:. Retrieved
5947:
5937:
5925:. Retrieved
5915:
5903:. Retrieved
5899:
5889:
5877:. Retrieved
5873:
5838:. Retrieved
5834:
5810:. Retrieved
5806:
5775:. Retrieved
5771:
5761:
5749:. Retrieved
5744:
5735:
5713:
5681:. Retrieved
5677:
5674:"Navpad Oli"
5667:
5655:. Retrieved
5651:
5648:"Navpad Oli"
5641:
5629:. Retrieved
5625:
5615:
5603:. Retrieved
5599:
5590:
5578:. Retrieved
5574:
5565:
5553:. Retrieved
5541:
5532:
5520:. Retrieved
5516:
5506:
5488:
5476:. Retrieved
5466:
5454:. Retrieved
5445:
5413:. Retrieved
5409:
5399:
5387:. Retrieved
5383:
5373:
5361:. Retrieved
5357:
5348:
5336:. Retrieved
5332:
5322:
5300:
5288:. Retrieved
5284:
5275:
5263:. Retrieved
5254:
5242:. Retrieved
5238:
5228:
5216:. Retrieved
5212:
5202:
5190:. Retrieved
5160:. Retrieved
5135:. Retrieved
5131:
5099:. Retrieved
5095:
5068:. Retrieved
5058:
5046:. Retrieved
5042:
5032:
5020:. Retrieved
5016:
5006:
4994:. Retrieved
4990:
4981:
4971:
4964:
4952:. Retrieved
4948:
4939:
4927:. Retrieved
4915:
4906:
4874:. Retrieved
4871:Lokmat Times
4870:
4860:
4848:. Retrieved
4844:
4835:
4823:
4811:
4799:. Retrieved
4795:
4786:
4774:. Retrieved
4770:
4737:
4730:
4720:
4713:
4701:. Retrieved
4697:
4687:
4675:. Retrieved
4671:
4646:. Retrieved
4642:
4615:. Retrieved
4611:
4586:. Retrieved
4582:
4572:
4560:. Retrieved
4556:
4546:
4536:
4520:. p. 4.
4517:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4481:
4474:
4462:. Retrieved
4452:
4445:
4433:. Retrieved
4423:
4411:. Retrieved
4407:
4382:. Retrieved
4378:
4369:
4357:
4328:
4322:
4302:
4280:. Retrieved
4276:
4267:
4247:
4240:
4220:
4213:
4193:
4186:
4174:. Retrieved
4170:
4143:
4131:
4104:
4092:
4080:
4038:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4012:
3990:tirthankaras
3989:
3949:Brahmacharya
3945:Parshvanatha
3934:
3931:
3921:
3918:murtipujakas
3917:
3915:
3911:murtipujakas
3910:
3894:Sthānakavāsī
3886:Sthānakavāsī
3883:
3877:
3875:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3812:
3808:
3800:
3793:Siddha Vad —
3792:
3784:
3772:
3760:
3757:Siddhshila —
3756:
3742:
3728:tirthankaras
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3683:
3680:Chillan Muni
3679:
3675:
3665:
3622:
3620:
3616:6-Gau Yaatra
3615:
3599:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3540:tirthankaras
3534:
3529:
3525:
3524:. The word '
3519:
3509:
3507:
3503:Maun Ekādaśī
3502:
3491:Kevala Jñāna
3489:
3485:
3482:Avadhi Jñāna
3481:
3477:
3473:
3466:tirthankaras
3446:
3442:tirthankaras
3441:
3434:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3349:Siddhachakra
3347:
3342:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3314:
3308:
3304:Samyak Jñāna
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3219:pratikramana
3217:
3213:
3200:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3163:
3159:
3156:Khamāsamaṉas
3155:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3062:tirthankaras
3061:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3022:Caityavandan
3021:
3018:Caityavandan
3017:
3011:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2931:
2925:
2922:Aṅga Rachanā
2921:
2917:tirthankaras
2916:
2911:
2908:Yakṣakardama
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2888:tirthankaras
2887:
2884:
2879:Caityavandan
2878:
2874:
2867:pratyākhyāna
2866:
2861:
2850:pratyākhyāna
2849:
2842:pratyākhyāna
2841:
2836:
2831:
2828:Pratyākhyāna
2827:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2777:
2772:Pratikramana
2770:
2764:
2754:tirthankaras
2753:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2728:tirthankaras
2727:
2722:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2671:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2624:
2619:
2610:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2506:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2460:Pratikramana
2450:
2445:
2436:
2432:
2411:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2328:
2325:Other Duties
2321:also exist.
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:Achal Gaccha
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2227:of the said
2224:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2156:
2149:
2134:
2132:
2111:
2096:
2092:ardhaphalaka
2090:
2079:
2077:
2071:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2023:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1907:Rajendrasuri
1896:
1887:
1878:
1867:
1848:
1837:
1827:
1809:
1800:
1789:
1778:
1765:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1630:Anekantavada
1625:
1619:
1614:Cūlikasūtras
1613:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1544:Mahā-niśītha
1543:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1435:Narakāvalikā
1434:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:Rāyapaseṇiya
1370:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1211:Sūtrakṛtāṅga
1210:
1204:
1198:
1197:; Sanskrit:
1195:Jain Prakrit
1188:
1183:
1161:
1140:
1130:
1124:
1117:
1113:
1093:
1072:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1003:
997:
993:
988:
979:
977:
973:Tirthankaras
968:
965:murtipujakas
964:
962:
957:
938:Parshvanatha
930:Parshvanatha
922:
918:
903:
895:
891:
890:has its own
887:
882:
877:
875:
867:Sthulabhadra
854:
842:
835:
831:
822:
808:
777:
772:
760:
748:
744:
740:
736:
688:
686:
619:Jain symbols
503:
496:
489:
482:
475:
468:
461:
454:
447:
440:
418:
358:
319:Jai Jinendra
292:Jain prayers
266:
232:
180:Kevala Jnana
150:Anekantavada
78:Parshvanatha
58:
46:
26:
7745:Rashtrakuta
7662:Jainism and
7561:Maharashtra
7519:Bundelkhand
7406:Paul Dundas
7279:Kalpa Sūtra
7274:Aptamimamsa
7159:Monasticism
7090:Murtipujaka
7072:Kanji Panth
7052:Taran Panth
7035:Mula Sangha
6889:Siddhashila
6822:Tirthankara
6336:Dundas 2002
6312:Dundas 2002
6300:Harvey 2016
6273:Flügel 2006
6249:Dalal 2010a
6160:Dundas 2002
6084:Dundas 2002
6045:Shashi 1996
6021:Dundas 2002
5994:Dundas 2002
5745:Tattva Gyan
5701:|last=
5575:www.yja.org
5433:|last=
5358:www.yja.org
5233:Jainworld.
4894:|last=
4165:Jainworld.
4097:Dundas 2002
4085:Dundas 2002
3998:iconography
3937:tirthankara
3922:murtipujaka
3902:Sthanakvasi
3851:Sthanakvasi
3797:Banyan tree
3751:Shantinatha
3739:tirthankara
3735:Neminatha's
3732:tirthankara
3724:Shantinatha
3721:Tirthankara
3714:Tirthankara
3652:Jain sangha
3640:Mahabharata
3548:tirthankara
3544:half cycles
3206:Kalpa Sūtra
3097:18 Abhiṣeka
3071:Snātra Pūjā
3035:kayotsargas
3013:tirthankara
2999:tirthankara
2946:(incense),
2854:tirthankara
2802:shukladhyan
2620:Śikṣāvratas
2438:prāyaścitta
2390:Manatunga's
2384:Anandghan's
2355:Yashovijaya
2335:Hemachandra
2282:Tapa Gaccha
2260:Tapa Gaccha
2170:at length.
2151:chaturmasya
2136:chaturmasya
2030:Tirthankara
2015:Monasticism
1984:Jain Sangha
1957:Hemachandra
1948:Hemachandra
1939:Hemachandra
1925:Hemachandra
1916:Hemachandra
1893:Hemachandra
1834:Hemachandra
1824:Hemachandra
1797:Yashovijaya
1775:Hemachandra
1734:Vīra-tthava
1648:Catuḥśaraṇa
1646:(Sanskrit:
1620:Nandī-sūtra
1561:(Sanskrit:
1540:Mahā-nisīha
1508:Bṛhat Kalpa
1498:Kalpa-sūtra
1492:(Sanskrit:
1490:Āyāra-dasāo
1484:Chedasūtras
1475:Vṛṣṇi-daśāh
1471:Vaṇhi-dasāo
1359:(Sanskrit:
1339:Driśtivāda,
1327:Vipākaśruta
1322:Vivāga-suya
1235:Samavāyāṅga
1230:Samavāyaṃga
1145:Kalpa Sūtra
1045:Yashovijaya
1033:Hemachandra
1025:murtipujaka
1018:Tapa Gaccha
999:Tapa Gaccha
980:murtipujaka
927:Tirthankara
912:Tirthankara
908:Kalpa Sūtra
878:murtipujaka
863:Kalpa Sūtra
859:Kalpa Sūtra
848:Tirthankara
825:written by
789:Maharashtra
741:Shvetambara
737:Shwetambara
629:Topics list
554:Pilgrimages
505:Valayapathi
404:Major sects
391:Yashovijaya
195:Brahmacarya
18:Shwetambara
7988:Śvetāmbara
7982:Categories
7924:Literature
7813:Samvatsari
7578:Tamil Nadu
7503:Jainism in
7322:Nandavarta
7269:Samayasāra
7221:Literature
7189:Kshamavani
7184:Paryushana
7147:Meditation
7142:Sallekhana
7082:Śvetāmbara
7003:Ratnatraya
6923:Gunasthana
6842:Philosophy
6764:Svetambara
6375:(2010a) ,
6261:Cort 2001a
6096:Jaini 2000
5974:jainqq.org
5948:jainqq.org
5900:jainqq.org
5874:jainqq.org
5772:jainqq.org
5723:Retrieved
5626:jainqq.org
5310:Retrieved
5096:jainqq.org
5043:jainqq.org
4698:jainqq.org
4672:jainqq.org
4643:jainqq.org
4612:jainqq.org
4583:jainqq.org
4557:jainqq.org
4362:Wiley 2009
4109:Wiley 2009
4067:References
4048:Māllīnātha
4022:Tapa Gacch
3855:Terapanthi
3747:Ajitanatha
3717:Ajitanatha
3699:kayotsarga
3693:kayotsarga
3660:liberation
3596:liberation
3530:kalyāṇakas
3478:Śrut Jñāna
3474:Mati Jñāna
3372:Navpad Oli
3316:Samyak Tap
3234:Paryuṣaṇa.
3214:samvatsari
3187:Bhadrapada
3164:Guruvandan
3160:Guruvandan
3146:prayers -
3139:vyākhyānas
3108:Guruvandan
3081:Mount Meru
3056:Bhāva Pūjā
3052:Bhāva Pūjā
2986:Bhāva Pūjā
2972:Kusum Pūjā
2968:Kesar Pūjā
2832:Āvaśyakas,
2821:kayotsarga
2810:. Usually
2807:kayotsarga
2791:Kāyotsarga
2734:ratnatraya
2588:Guṇavratas
2362:Jinabhadra
2345:Haribhadra
2340:Yogaśāstra
2319:upapanyaas
2241:. Each of
2044:Initiation
1909:'s 7-part
1884:Siddhasena
1875:Siddhasena
1806:Jinabhadra
1786:Haribhadra
1780:Yogaśāstra
1738:Vīra-stava
1718:Gaṇi-vidyā
1714:Gaṇi-vijjā
1678:Saṃstāraka
1674:Saṃthāraga
1644:Cau-saraṇa
1553:Mūlasūtras
1534:Jīta-kalpa
1530:Jīya-kappa
1504:Bihā Kappa
1494:Ācāradaśāh
1395:Prajñāpanā
1174:, and the
1053:Siddhasena
1037:Hiravijaya
1016:Of these,
904:pattavalis
892:pattavali.
871:Bhadrabāhu
855:pattavalis
827:Jinabhadra
803:See also:
761:Śvetāmbara
749:Swetambara
745:Svetambara
689:Śvetāmbara
541:Samvatsari
536:Paryushana
419:Śvetāmbara
386:Haribhadra
376:Siddhasena
371:Kundakunda
279:Sallekhana
205:Gunasthana
200:Aparigraha
142:Philosophy
7842:Sculpture
7778:Ekendriya
7639:Singapore
7624:Hong Kong
7604:Australia
7573:Rajasthan
7544:Karnataka
7456:Community
7441:Bal Patil
7396:Chandabai
7365:Pattavali
7317:Shrivatsa
7302:Jain flag
7179:Festivals
7135:Practices
7123:Terapanth
7110:Tristutik
7100:Kharatara
7062:Terapanth
7057:Bispanthi
7027:Digambara
6850:Five Vows
6827:Ganadhara
6592:, BRILL,
6406:Routledge
6401:The Jains
6398:(2002) ,
6285:Long 2013
5550:0971-8257
5239:Jainworld
5235:"Worship"
4924:0971-8257
4537:Gyan Saar
4491:613143923
4350:Long 2013
4194:The Jains
4171:Jainworld
4148:Long 2013
4136:Long 2013
4072:Citations
4061:Tirth Pat
3986:Neminatha
3982:Vasupujya
3898:Terapanth
3866:Tirth Pat
3781:Pradyumna
3777:Krishna's
3719:and 16th
3656:Neminatha
3592:Pradyumna
3588:Krishna's
3552:Neminatha
3454:Saraswati
3423:Vāsakṣepa
3355:Paryuṣaṇa
3286:Upādhyāya
3263:Paryuṣaṇa
3179:Paryuṣaṇa
3135:yākhyānas
3130:Vyākhyāna
3104:Vyākhyāna
3026:Yogamudrā
3006:and some
2980:Five Vows
2932:Agra Pūjā
2904:Vāsakṣepa
2900:Aṅga Pūjā
2784:Āvaśyakas
2740:samyaktva
2683:Āvaśyakas
2666:Five Vows
2655:sāmāyikas
2631:Five Vows
2516:Aṇuvratas
2387:Chouvisi,
2307:ganivarya
2277:samudaays
2269:samudaays
2253:have one
2196:upadhyaya
2129:Wandering
2097:colapatta
2080:rajoharan
2072:Āvaśyakas
2054:rajoharan
2050:Five Vows
1864:Manatunga
1845:Vimalsuri
1391:Pannavaṇā
1334:Drstivada
1255:Bhagavatī
1223:Sthānāṅga
1057:Manatunga
1049:Anandghan
1029:Vimalsuri
936:, one of
934:Kesiswami
923:pattavali
836:attavalis
819:Sivabhuti
815:Digambara
805:Pattavali
785:Rajasthan
773:Digambara
757:Digambara
614:Jain flag
604:Ekendriya
579:Shikharji
519:Festivals
414:Digambara
366:Ganadhara
155:Cosmology
53:talk page
7934:Scholars
7912:Navboxes
7771:Timeline
7720:Ikshvaku
7705:Chalukya
7674:Hinduism
7669:Buddhism
7634:Pakistan
7592:Overseas
7379:Scholars
7360:Kshullak
7343:Ascetics
7334:Swastika
7152:Sāmāyika
7067:Yapaniya
7018:Branches
6633:(1987),
6118:31 March
5693:cite web
5425:cite web
4886:cite web
4501:20 March
4495:Archived
4464:20 March
4458:Archived
4055:See also
3993:posture.
3966:Trishala
3953:Mahavira
3941:Mahavira
3872:, Mumbai
3636:Devaki's
3584:Palitana
3575:Phalguna
3462:Hinduism
3210:Mahavira
3126:śrāvikās
3121:śrāvakas
3008:Sanskrit
2964:Jal Pūjā
2960:Naivedya
2950:(lamp),
2940:Sanskrit
2857:Mahavira
2814:through
2712:Sāmāyika
2704:śrāvikās
2699:śrāvakas
2479:śrāvikās
2474:śrāvakas
2446:Acharyas
2433:alochana
2380:sajjhays
2311:samudaay
2213:Acharyas
2064:celibacy
2005:śrāvikās
2000:śrāvakas
1515:Vavahāra
1455:Puṣpikāḥ
1451:Pupphiāo
1218:Ṭhāṇaṃga
1206:Sūyagaḍa
1199:Ācāranga
1190:Āyāraṃga
1157:Vallabhi
1137:Mahavira
1110:Sanskrit
1077:and the
915:Mahavira
898:was the
851:Mahavira
811:Mahavira
769:ascetics
765:Sanskrit
569:Palitana
354:Mahavira
344:Rishabha
274:Sāmāyika
125:Timeline
89:a series
87:Part of
7944:America
7939:Temples
7788:Pratima
7766:History
7759:Related
7750:Santara
7730:Kalinga
7725:Kadamba
7715:Hoysala
7684:Sikhism
7609:Belgium
7539:Haryana
7534:Gujarat
7464:Śrāvaka
7370:Acharya
7294:Symbols
7248:Mantra
7201:Upadhan
7174:Rituals
7169:Fasting
7008:Kashaya
6998:Saṃsāra
6977:Nirjara
6972:Samvara
6943:Pudgala
6832:Arihant
6346:Sources
6222:12 June
6197:12 June
5979:10 June
5953:10 June
5879:10 June
5777:10 June
5751:10 June
5725:10 June
5522:12 June
5478:12 June
5456:12 June
5415:12 June
5389:12 June
5363:12 June
5338:12 June
5312:12 June
5290:12 June
5265:12 June
5244:12 June
5218:11 June
5192:11 June
5162:11 June
5137:11 June
5101:10 June
4040:saṃsāra
4027:sadhvis
4013:sadhvis
3951:) than
3890:Bhikshu
3840:śikhara
3828:śikhara
3704:Logassa
3648:Krishna
3623:Ram Pol
3558:and of
3556:Krishna
3532:of the
3470:Jainism
3458:Jainism
3448:jinvāṇī
3431:Jainism
3407:Kārtika
3391:Ayambil
3382:Śrīpāla
3377:Chaitra
3360:Śrīpāla
3343:Ayambil
3335:śāśvata
3321:Jainism
3268:Arihant
3248:Chaitra
3196:fasting
3144:Prakrit
3004:Prakrit
2990:stavans
2936:Prakrit
2875:Jinpūjā
2859:in the
2765:Vandanā
2529:ahāvrat
2483:Jainism
2426:12 vows
2419:Jainism
2372:stavans
2359:Gyānsār
2315:panyaas
2279:of the
2263:has 21
2239:acharya
2205:acharya
2163:Jainism
2141:Jainism
2123:fasting
2059:acharya
2028:of the
1801:Gyānsār
1756:Jainism
1350:Twelve
1182:Twelve
1089:(as in
1083:Jainism
994:gacchas
989:gacchas
984:Jainism
896:gacchas
883:Gacchas
781:Gujarat
753:Jainism
609:Temples
360:Arihant
210:Saṃsāra
120:History
97:Jainism
7949:Bengal
7857:Nigoda
7832:Temple
7798:Tirtha
7740:Pandya
7735:Maurya
7619:Europe
7614:Canada
7599:Africa
7566:Mumbai
7556:Kerala
7355:Aryika
7095:Gaccha
6967:Bandha
6962:Asrava
6957:Tattva
6948:Dharma
6928:Dravya
6916:Causes
6894:Naraka
6855:Ahimsa
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5905:9 June
5840:9 June
5812:9 June
5807:Medium
5683:9 June
5657:9 June
5652:Medium
5631:9 June
5605:9 June
5580:9 June
5555:9 June
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5517:Medium
5070:9 June
5048:9 June
5022:9 June
5017:Medium
4996:9 June
4954:4 June
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4876:9 June
4850:4 June
4801:4 June
4776:8 June
4771:Medium
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4703:3 June
4677:3 June
4648:3 June
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4176:3 June
4031:sadhus
4017:sadhus
3907:Ahimsa
3802:moksha
3786:moksha
3762:moksha
3644:Devaki
3521:moksha
3436:moksha
3416:Samyak
3330:dharma
3313:, and
3280:Ācārya
3274:Siddhā
3254:Ashvin
3201:atthai
3154:and 4
3046:, and
2994:stutis
2952:Akṣata
2652:and 8
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2525:Ahimsa
2507:sangha
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2285:are -
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2249:, and
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2143:. The
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1752:purvas
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1343:purvas
1166:. The
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1118:mantra
1108:, and
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1012:, and
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954:Porwal
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880:sect,
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574:Girnar
526:Diwali
349:Pārśva
223:Ethics
190:Tattva
185:Dravya
170:Dharma
160:Ahimsa
7876:Lists
7837:Stupa
7710:Ganga
7679:Islam
7629:Japan
7549:North
7524:Delhi
7511:India
7492:JAINA
7474:Tamil
7469:Sarak
7229:Agama
7206:Tapas
6993:Death
6984:Mokṣa
6938:Ajiva
6911:Types
6906:Karma
5498:(PDF)
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3779:sons
3706:hymn.
3598:from
3590:sons
3429:. In
3419:Jñāna
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3292:Sādhu
3085:Indra
2846:fasts
2837:karma
2778:karma
2693:karma
2637:karma
2598:karma
2505:Jain
2500:karma
2491:Vrats
2481:) of
2467:Laity
2192:sadhu
2184:sadhu
1551:Four
946:Oswal
597:Other
559:Tirth
175:Mokṣa
165:Karma
130:Index
115:Jains
7919:Gods
7105:Tapa
6933:Jīva
6814:Gods
6739:ISBN
6719:ISBN
6699:ISBN
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6659:ISBN
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