35:
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654:. In another, the two were the brothers Gao Jue and Gao Ming. Ruthless generals, they fell at Peach Blossom Mountain and subsequently haunted it as demons. They appeared to Mazu when she traveled nearby and challenged her to battle, with the loser to do the winner's bidding. They intended to have her marry them both but were defeated by her magic and became her servants. In still another, the Gao brothers were bandits during the
602:
377:
The name "Shunfeng'er" literally means "Wind
Accompanying Ears" in reference to his ability to hear any sound carried upon the wind. The unusual idiom is translated variously as "Ears that Hear with the Wind", "Ears that Hear what Comes on the Wind", "Ears that Hear the Sounds Taken with the Wind",
636:
during a storm and were defeated by Mazu's magical silk scarf, which blew clouds of sand into their ears and eyes. After their submission, they pledged their loyalty when she kindly healed them of the damage she had caused them. In another, the two were Song generals who competed for her hand at
617:
Shunfeng'er's sharp hearing is employed to help sailors distinguish favorable winds from coming storms. In some accounts, he is capable of hearing everything in the world, no matter how quietly spoken, and was therefore also worshipped as a witness and guarantor of oaths and contracts.
34:
732:
at her altars or on her yellow paper charms. He is separately worshipped in some villages or by mariners for assistance avoiding danger. During the 8-day, 250-kilometer (155 mi) annual pilgrimages from
753:
Shunfeng'er typically appears as a red- or brown-skinned demon cupping a hand to one of his ears. He also occasionally appears with three heads and six arms. He usually appears to the left of his companion
665:
of Shang. In this version of the story, they are sometimes said to have already possessed their superhuman powers and to have used them to foil the first moves towards rebellion by the
1073:
1024:
1420:
1120:
382:". The god's role in helping sailors distinguish favorable winds also prompts the translations "Fair-Wind Ears" and "Favorable-Wind Ears".
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also probably long predates its first publication during the Ming
Dynasty; in it, the eldest two brothers have powers just like those of
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to defeat them. Their powers fail them when he covers them in the blood of a black dog and Ji Fa is able to triumph at
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741:, Mazu's idol is accompanied by 10-foot (3 m) figures of Shunfeng'er and Qianliyan played by masked men on
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1316:"The Transformation of Gods in Chinese Popular Religion: The Examples of Huaguang Dadi and Zhaobao Qilang"
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The
Preservation and Adaption of Tradition: Studies of Chinese Religious Expression in Southeast Asia
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758:. Sometimes Shunfeng'er appears as the green demon, in which case he usually has one horn and
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A Selection of Essays on
Oriental Studies of the Institute for Cultural Interaction Studies
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453:'s ears and one of his lieutenants. There is, however, an earlier depiction of him in a
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378:"Wind-Accompanying Ears", "Downwind Ears", or even "Sharp Ears", "Far-Hearing", or "
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450:
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303:
212:
110:
1331:
Ruitenbeek, Klaas (1999), "Mazu, Patroness of
Sailors, in Chinese Pictorial Art",
425:"—simultaneously means the number 10,000 and "innumerable" or "uncountably vast".
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Guardian of the South Seas: Thian Hock Keng and
Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan
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His partner
Qianliyan's name similarly means "Sharp-Eyed" or "All-Seeing".
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In still another account, the pair were originally warriors or guards of
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adept, however, who uses the esoteric knowledge he received from the
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Hanan, Patrick (2004), "The First Novel
Translated into Chinese",
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462:
1243:, Ningbo: East Zhejiang Maritime Affairs Folk Custom Museum, 2010
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1344:
Soo Khin Wah (1990), "The Cult of Mazu in
Peninsular Malaysia",
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Chinese
Fiction of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
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Actors portraying Qianliyan and Shunfeng'er during a parade in
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The Magic Lotus Lantern and Other Tales from the Han Chinese
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Shunfeng'er is first attested in the early-16th century
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832:The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions
1158:Sam, Chris W.C; et al. (28 September 2008),
978:"Mazu and General Sees All and General Hears All"
476:Shunfeng'er next appeared as a lieutenant of the
417:, which has similar meaning, as the Chinese word
632:. By one account, he and Qianliyan appeared off
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1350:Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography
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1356:Department of Anthropology, pp. 29–51
1325:, Osaka: Kansai University, pp. 85–92
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1160:"The Goddess of the Sea and Her Guardians"
1137:Taoist and Buddhist Sichuan Rock Cave Art
1072:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1023:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
658:before they began to haunt the mountain.
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691:and finally establish himself as the
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1047:, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
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720:Shunfeng'er most often appears as a
1282:Dean, Kenneth; et al. (2010),
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952:"The Good, the Bad, and the Divine"
14:
1364:"Mazu, Mother Goddess of the Sea"
1168:, Macao: Macau Times Publications
457:cave which has been dated to the
1210:Devonshire-Ellis, Chris (2008),
728:temples or as a guardian beside
650:) but were both defeated by her
413:. He is also sometimes known as
405:, Shunfeng'er was also known as
1233:"A Guide to Qing'an Guild Hall"
605:A green-skinned Shunfeng'er at
478:Emperor of Flowering Brightness
1421:Journey to the West characters
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1212:"Mazu: The Princess of Tides"
1062:, Singapore, 2006, p. 28
1045:Dictionary of Chinese Symbols
1299:, Vol. 23/2, Leiden: Brill,
1293:Handbook of Oriental Studies
1314:Nikaido, Yoshihiro (2011),
839:: Wiley-Blackwell, p.
801:, Santa Barbara: ABC Clio,
673:is made out to have been a
552:. He was confused with the
39:A statue of Shunfeng'er at
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902:Masters of Chinese Studies
795:Holy People of the World,
788:Giuffrida, Noelle (2004),
442:, where he appears as the
354:. He usually appears with
1372:, World Folklore Series,
679:Primordial Lord of Heaven
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825:Nadeau, Randall (2012),
250:Traditional Chinese
148:Traditional Chinese
53:Traditional Chinese
1376:: Libraries Unlimited,
637:Peach Blossom Mountain
269:Simplified Chinese
164:Simplified Chinese
69:Simplified Chinese
1003:Baquet, James (2015),
712:
614:
611:Queen of Heaven Palace
542:and as a character in
1362:Yuan Haiwang (2006),
1165:The Macau Daily Times
986:, Hong Kong: Blogspot
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604:
358:as a guardian of the
88:Wind-following Ear(s)
693:Martial King of Zhou
549:Creation of the Gods
539:Journey to the South
1352:, No. 9, Columbus:
976:Lobb, Fred (2011),
439:Journey to the West
421:—like the English "
385:It also appears as
1416:Sea and river gods
1338:, pp. 281–329
713:
669:. Ji Fa's advisor
615:
1267:Ruitenbeek (1999)
1135:Hu Wenhe (1994),
1005:"Mazu's Consorts"
983:Chinese Folktales
580:
565:
510:
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473:and Shunfeng'er.
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324:Shih Kʻuang
297:Standard Mandarin
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875:"Shun Feng Er"
873:Masure, Yves,
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451:Jade Emperor
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304:Hanyu Pinyin
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111:Hanyu Pinyin
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1217:China Expat
1112:Dean (2010)
934:Yuan (2006)
648:Táohuā Shān
627:sea goddess
544:Xu Zhonglin
534:Yu Xiangdou
388:Shunfeng Er
380:All-Hearing
364:sea goddess
341:Shunfeng'er
117:Shùnfēng'ěr
23:Shunfeng'er
1395:Categories
1255:Soo (1990)
1114:, p.
1013:, Shenzhen
936:, p.
827:"Divinity"
766:References
671:Jiang Ziya
465:about the
401:Under the
318:Wade–Giles
233:Wan-li-êrh
227:Wade–Giles
125:Wade–Giles
790:"Tianhou"
771:Citations
756:Qianliyan
471:Qianliyan
463:folk tale
356:Qianliyan
310:Shī Kuàng
244:Shi Kuang
1374:Westport
1068:citation
1019:citation
722:door god
554:door god
415:Wanli'er
352:door god
219:Wànlǐ'ěr
142:Wanli'er
1287:Vol. II
1041:"Ma-zu"
950:Ho Yi,
880:ThaiLex
797:Vol. II
739:Beigang
726:Mazuist
716:Worship
652:kung fu
607:Tianjin
455:Sichuan
446:of the
429:History
362:of the
360:temples
345:Chinese
1380:
1303:
1295:, §4:
1193:
912:
847:
837:Malden
805:
762:eyes.
749:In art
743:stilts
709:Taipei
699:Legacy
675:Taoist
448:Taoist
423:myriad
409:
190:Ear(s)
184:Myriad
45:Tainan
1319:(PDF)
1297:China
938:123–4
735:Dajia
656:Shang
623:demon
532:) in
435:novel
411:Kuang
343:is a
1411:Mazu
1378:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1121:help
1074:link
1025:link
910:ISBN
845:ISBN
803:ISBN
760:ruby
730:Mazu
689:Muye
667:Zhou
630:Mazu
591:Yùlǜ
557:Yulü
403:Ming
391:and
373:Name
367:Mazu
350:and
188:Mile
1354:OSU
1187:644
1116:147
841:375
737:to
724:at
681:on
642:桃花山
609:'s
593:).
546:'s
536:'s
419:wàn
407:Shi
348:sea
171:万里耳
155:萬里耳
76:顺风耳
60:順風耳
43:in
1397::
1366:,
1348:,
1321:,
1291:,
1235:,
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