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surrounding Kyoto hills. The nearby waterfall is about 10 meters in height, built of rough-hewn stones, and set within a highly picturesque surrounding. The pond is ornamented with two major structures: Chitose-bashi, a relatively ornate bridge of two large, stone piers connected by a central walkway, each capped with a wooden pavilion, one of which sports a
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of gilt copper; and Kyusui-tei, a simple, single-room building (18 mats) which is original. The pond also features two smaller bridges, a stone boat-landing, and a second, smaller waterfall. The pond's west bank is long and remarkably monotonous, with lawn, trees, walkway, and clipped hedge running
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The Middle Garden contains an inner garden area with two principal buildings, again set within an outer and then inner fence. It features a fine pond predating the garden, with cascade and stone bridges. Rakushi-ken contains two principal rooms of 6 and 8 mats in size, and features two paintings by
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The spectacular Upper Garden is reached through a simple gate and short climb through clipped shrubbery, at which point the entire garden vista is revealed. A simple pavilion of several rooms and wooden porch provides an excellent vantage point, with superb views of the pond, its islands, and the
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In 1883, the
Shugaku-in came under the control of the Imperial Household Department (as it was then), and the large building which is currently in the Middle Garden was moved there. Other changes, such as the building of fences around the Lower and Middle Gardens, and the enclosure of the paths
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The Lower Garden consists of an outer, landscaped area with walking paths, and an inner garden with villa, separated by a series of two bamboo fences each with a simple, wooden doorway. The villa (Jugetsu-kan) is irregularly shaped, with three principal rooms of 15, 12, and 5
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The Upper Garden contained a large artificial pond, created by building an earthen dam across a ravine; the pond contains a number of small islands. Unlike the typical
Japanese garden, it is a very large stroll garden, making extensive use of the technique of
294:. Kyaku-den, the reception hall, contains two principal rooms (12.5 and 10 mats) and an altar room (6.5 mats) added after the building was moved to this site in 1678 from the palace at Tofuku-monin. It contains a celebrated shelf of
318:, each perhaps 100 meters in length and lined by regular plantings of pine trees, that run through surrounding rice plantations and offer excellent views of both the plantations and the nearby hills.
206:. The 53-hectare (133 acre) grounds actually include three separate gardens, the Lower Garden, Middle Garden (a later addition), and Upper Garden, of which the latter is the most important.
286:(1756–1839). The garden features a small brook and pond divided by a walkway embankment, and is set off from the villa by a region of coarse, white sand with white stepping-stones.
252:, in what later became the Middle Garden. The gardens and buildings then fell into disrepair, with some of the buildings either being destroyed or removed. During the rule of
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241:. The Lower Garden was originally much more informal than what is now there; originally it was more of a simple arrival station for visiting guests.
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Although styled as a "detached palace", often translated as "imperial villa", there were never any large-scale buildings there, as there are at the
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mats in size; the largest contains a raised section for the emperor, as well as a drawing of "The Three
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between them, soon followed, giving the Shūgaku-in the character it has today.
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nunnery, founded by his oldest daughter, Princess Ume-no-miya; it was moved to
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388:(Weatherill, New York, 1970) covers the gardens in great detail
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Michio
Fujioka, Shigeo Okamoto, (translated Bruce A. Coats)
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Kyoto
Country Retreats: The Shugakuin and Katsura Palaces
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The
Shugaku-in was originally constructed by the retired
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atop the large, earthen-work dam that created the pond.
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became a nun, and established another temple there, the
381:(Mainichi, Tokyo, 1956) (text in Japanese and English)
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administers it, and accepts visitors by appointment.
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Imperial Villas of Kyoto: The
Katsura and Shūgaku-in
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16:Set of gardens and outbuildings in Kyoto, Japan
377:Yoshiro Taniguchi, Jiro Harada, Tatsuzo Sato,
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183:) in the hills of the eastern suburbs of
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239:borrowing of scenery ("shakkei")
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735:East Asian traditional gardens
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972:Tourist attractions in Kyoto
957:Imperial residences in Japan
475:Japanese imperial residences
384:Teiji Itoh, Takeji Iwamiya,
379:The Shugakuin Imperial Villa
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402:(Kodansha, New York, 1983)
173:Shugaku-in Detached Palace
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386:Imperial Gardens of Japan
211:Imperial Household Agency
179:and outbuildings (mostly
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112:35.0537°N 135.80174°E
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511:Sanbancho Residence
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391:Tadashi Ishikawa,
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197:Japanese gardening
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256:, the 11th
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103:135°48′06″E
90:Coordinates
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586:Historical
100:35°03′13″N
787:West Lake
781:Yu Garden
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181:teahouses
482:Occupied
258:Tokugawa
227:Enshō-ji
75:Location
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217:History
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189:Japan
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