250:, in 1963. He was arrested and convicted for violating section 1159 of the city's General Code, an ordinance which proscribes participating in any parade or procession on city streets or public ways without first obtaining a permit from the City Commission. Section 1159 permits the Commission to refuse a parade permit if its members believe "the public welfare, peace, safety, health, decency, good order, morals or convenience require that it be refused." Petitioner had previously been given to understand by a member of the Commission that under no circumstances would petitioner and his group be allowed to demonstrate in Birmingham. The Alabama Court of Appeals reversed the conviction on the grounds, inter alia, that 1159, as written, unconstitutionally imposed an "invidious prior restraint" without ascertainable standards for the granting of permits, and that the ordinance had been discriminatorily enforced. However, the Alabama Supreme Court in 1967 narrowly construed 1159 as an objective, even-handed traffic regulation which did not allow the Commission unlimited discretion in granting or withholding permits, and upheld petitioner's conviction. The case was taken to the U.S. Supreme Court, where Shuttlesworth was represented by the prominent civil rights attorney
267:
literal or judicial construction was applied; and (2) the literal construction of § 1159 of the
Birmingham General City Code was unconstitutional, and the statutory application revealed that it applied to the enforcement of an officer's order in directing vehicular traffic. Even though Justice Stewart's opinion for the Court mentioned that "the Supreme Court of Alabama performed a remarkable job of plastic surgery upon the face of the ordinance", the Court reversed Shuttlesworth's conviction because the circumstances indicated that the parade permit was denied not to control traffic, but to censor ideas.
31:
302:
97:
prohibited only standing or loitering on public property that obstructed free passage, but it was unclear from the record, whether the literal or judicial construction was applied; and (2) the literal construction of § 1159 of the
Birmingham General City Code was unconstitutional, and the statutory
266:
held that (1) even though the actual construction of § 1159 of the
Birmingham General City Code was unconstitutional, the judicial construction of the ordinance prohibited only standing or loitering on public property that obstructed free passage, but it was unclear from the record, whether the
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1902:
1870:
1726:
788:
994:
2790:
1048:
586:
2682:
2780:
1479:
892:
1574:
396:
205:
1638:
780:
319:
276:
72:
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1534:
860:
2357:
2017:
1886:
740:
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1331:
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1822:
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695:
1139:
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The Court held that (1) even though the actual construction of § 1159 of the
Birmingham General City Code was unconstitutional, the judicial construction of the
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ordinance that prohibited citizens from holding parades and processions on city streets without first obtaining a permit.
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application revealed that it applied to the enforcement of an officer's order in directing vehicular traffic.
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546:
430:
288:
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223:
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2437:
2429:
2255:
2215:
2100:
1969:
1961:
1929:
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1670:
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1171:
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2009:
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330:
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1415:
1155:
1024:
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94:
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1985:
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1163:
932:
438:
339:
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145:
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1678:
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1219:
1187:
1115:
978:
884:
732:
647:
2573:
1937:
1123:
478:
243:
67:
1823:
Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of
America v. Jacksonville
1447:
724:
639:
511:
153:
113:
1993:
301:
157:
121:
2659:
Florida
Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
79:
1903:
Students for Fair
Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
1871:
Parents
Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
1727:
Village of
Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
357:
789:
Thornburgh v. American
College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists
195:
Marshall took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
182:
Stewart, joined by Warren, Black, Douglas, Brennan, White, Fortas
2733:
2604:
1394:
995:
Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York
497:
408:
369:
30:
1049:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
242:
minister who helped lead 52 African Americans in an orderly
2683:
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
587:
O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co.
1480:
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
893:
Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc.
1575:
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
2791:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Warren Court
1639:
United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education
781:
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
277:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 394
2470:
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
1535:
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
861:
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
2358:
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co.
2341:
2306:
2127:
2092:
1913:
1407:
1099:
919:
706:
605:
510:
199:
186:
178:
173:
102:
87:
59:
49:
42:
23:
2018:Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney
1887:Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action
741:Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth
1655:Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
1332:Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
2534:City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc.
1743:Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
2781:African-American history in Birmingham, Alabama
1615:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
1140:Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.
222:case in which the Supreme Court struck down a
2691:Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs
2042:Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County
1799:Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell
1647:Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
1440:Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
381:
8:
909:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
813:Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
696:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
2494:Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia
2406:Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
1033:Will v. Michigan Department of State Police
2730:
2601:
1759:Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education
1404:
1391:
1292:Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
507:
494:
405:
388:
374:
366:
20:
2518:New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer
2050:Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
1065:Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee
1751:Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1
2796:United States equal protection case law
2462:Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
2331:Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward
1196:Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur
797:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
664:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
1703:Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver
1057:City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams
18:1969 United States Supreme Court case
7:
1783:Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education
924:Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes
2821:20th century in Birmingham, Alabama
2801:African-American history of Alabama
2550:Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools
2366:Quaker City Cab Co. v. Commonwealth
1791:City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
901:June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo
877:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
688:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
316:Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham
308:Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham
24:Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham
2323:Arlington County Board v. Richards
2248:Examining Board v. Flores de Otero
2026:Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co.
1512:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
397:United States Fourteenth Amendment
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2786:United States Supreme Court cases
2667:Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents
2208:Takahashi v. Fish and Game Comm'n
326:147 (1969) is available from:
2486:Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas
1895:Fisher v. University of Texas II
1356:Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co.
300:
29:
2200:Ohio ex rel. Clark v. Deckebach
1879:Fisher v. University of Texas I
1236:Moore v. City of East Cleveland
1081:Los Angeles County v. Humphries
595:West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
262:Writing for the court, Justice
2816:Civil rights movement case law
2811:History of Birmingham, Alabama
2806:1969 in United States case law
2066:J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B.
1:
1735:Dayton Bd. of Ed. v. Brinkman
940:McNeese v. Board of Education
447:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
218:, 394 U.S. 147 (1969), was a
1464:Hirabayashi v. United States
1316:DeShaney v. Winnebago County
1268:Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co.
1009:Owen v. City of Independence
624:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
2350:United States v. Cruikshank
1520:Brown v. Board of Education
821:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
672:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
283:Brown v. Board of Education
236:Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth
220:United States Supreme Court
215:Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham
54:Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham
2837:
1472:Korematsu v. United States
358:Oyez (oral argument audio)
2740:
2729:
2675:United States v. Morrison
2613:
2600:
2082:United States v. Skrmetti
2074:United States v. Virginia
1687:Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson
1403:
1390:
1108:Jacobson v. Massachusetts
1041:Gonzaga University v. Doe
506:
493:
417:
404:
204:
194:
107:
92:
28:
2707:United States v. Georgia
2651:City of Boerne v. Flores
1815:United States v. Fordice
1372:Williams v. Pennsylvania
1340:Washington v. Glucksberg
2715:Shelby County v. Holder
2280:Cabell v. Chavez-Salido
2136:Patsone v. Pennsylvania
1397:Equal Protection Clause
1324:Michael H. v. Gerald D.
717:United States v. Vuitch
632:Griswold v. Connecticut
43:Argued October 18, 1968
2582:Armour v. Indianapolis
1946:Moritz v. Commissioner
1002:Procunier v. Navarette
920:Civil rights liability
708:Abortion jurisprudence
206:U.S. Const. amend. XIV
142:William J. Brennan Jr.
45:Decided March 10, 1969
2635:Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer
2478:Richardson v. Ramirez
2446:Boddie v. Connecticut
2034:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
1863:Johnson v. California
1583:McLaughlin v. Florida
971:O'Connor v. Donaldson
531:Allgeyer v. Louisiana
423:Slaughter-House Cases
2627:Katzenbach v. Morgan
2374:Breedlove v. Suttles
2224:Graham v. Richardson
2117:Obergefell v. Hodges
1922:Breedlove v. Suttles
1855:Grutter v. Bollinger
1695:Jefferson v. Hackney
1364:Obergefell v. Hodges
1300:Edwards v. Aguillard
1180:Epperson v. Arkansas
1017:Harlow v. Fitzgerald
952:Jenkins v. McKeithen
845:Mazurek v. Armstrong
805:Hodgson v. Minnesota
765:Bellotti v. Baird II
757:Colautti v. Franklin
512:Economic substantive
258:Opinion of the Court
2558:Gregory v. Ashcroft
2526:Mills v. Habluetzel
2510:Zablocki v. Redhail
2454:Eisenstadt v. Baird
2390:Oyama v. California
2382:Skinner v. Oklahoma
2315:Shapiro v. Thompson
2232:Sugarman v. Dougall
2176:Porterfield v. Webb
2168:Terrace v. Thompson
1831:Missouri v. Jenkins
1775:Hunter v. Underwood
1719:Milliken v. Bradley
1711:Norwood v. Harrison
1663:McDaniel v. Barresi
1348:Troxel v. Granville
1228:Mathews v. Eldridge
1212:Taylor v. Louisiana
1089:Connick v. Thompson
869:Gonzales v. Carhart
853:Stenberg v. Carhart
837:Lambert v. Wicklund
749:Bellotti v. Baird I
547:Lochner v. New York
431:Minor v. Happersett
349:Library of Congress
289:Birmingham campaign
248:Birmingham, Alabama
234:The Petitioner was
224:Birmingham, Alabama
2619:Civil Rights Cases
2607:Enforcement Clause
2438:Oregon v. Mitchell
2430:Williams v. Rhodes
2256:Nyquist v. Mauclet
2216:Hernandez v. Texas
2101:Bowers v. Hardwick
2093:Sexual orientation
1970:Stanton v. Stanton
1962:Geduldig v. Aiello
1930:Goesaert v. Cleary
1847:Gratz v. Bollinger
1671:Palmer v. Thompson
1623:Hunter v. Erickson
1599:Loving v. Virginia
1567:Anderson v. Martin
1488:Shelley v. Kraemer
1432:Plessy v. Ferguson
1424:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
1276:Kolender v. Lawson
1172:Loving v. Virginia
987:Imbler v. Pachtman
964:Wood v. Strickland
829:Leavitt v. Jane L.
656:Bowers v. Hardwick
571:Buchanan v. Warley
500:Due Process Clause
411:Citizenship Clause
130:William O. Douglas
118:Associate Justices
78:89 S. Ct. 935; 22
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2754:Trump v. Anderson
2746:Gold Clause Cases
2725:
2724:
2699:Tennessee v. Lane
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2502:Trimble v. Gordon
2422:Levy v. Louisiana
2414:Rinaldi v. Yeager
2296:Bernal v. Fainter
2272:Ambach v. Norwick
2264:Foley v. Connelie
2160:Crane v. New York
2058:Lehr v. Robertson
2010:Caban v. Mohammed
1767:Palmore v. Sidoti
1607:Lee v. Washington
1591:Reitman v. Mulkey
1542:Gebhart v. Belton
1528:Briggs v. Elliott
1504:Sweatt v. Painter
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1260:Parratt v. Taylor
1244:Duren v. Missouri
1204:Arnett v. Kennedy
1132:Powell v. Alabama
1073:Ashcroft v. Iqbal
958:Scheuer v. Rhodes
773:H. L. v. Matheson
680:Lawrence v. Texas
616:Meyer v. Nebraska
563:Coppage v. Kansas
489:
488:
455:Perez v. Brownell
305:Works related to
211:
210:
166:Thurgood Marshall
134:John M. Harlan II
2828:
2731:
2643:Dellmuth v. Muth
2602:
2002:Parham v. Hughes
1978:Edwards v. Healy
1807:Freeman v. Pitts
1562:(M.D. Ala. 1956)
1559:Browder v. Gayle
1405:
1392:
1308:Turner v. Safley
1284:Hudson v. Palmer
1148:NAACP v. Alabama
607:Right to privacy
555:Muller v. Oregon
523:Mugler v. Kansas
508:
495:
471:Rogers v. Bellei
406:
390:
383:
376:
367:
362:
356:
353:
347:
344:
338:
335:
329:
304:
252:James Nabrit III
240:African American
103:Court membership
33:
32:
21:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2760:
2736:
2721:
2609:
2588:
2337:
2302:
2240:In re Griffiths
2184:Webb v. O'Brien
2123:
2088:
1909:
1839:Texas v. Lesage
1631:Hadnott v. Amos
1416:Pace v. Alabama
1399:
1378:
1156:Hoyt v. Florida
1095:
1025:Felder v. Casey
921:
915:
702:
601:
579:Adams v. Tanner
539:Holden v. Hardy
513:
502:
485:
463:Afroyim v. Rusk
413:
400:
394:
360:
354:
351:
345:
342:
336:
333:
327:
297:
273:
260:
232:
156:
144:
132:
83:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
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2605:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2566:Vacco v. Quill
2562:
2554:
2546:
2542:Clark v. Jeter
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2398:Oyler v. Boles
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
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2335:
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2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2152:Heim v. McCall
2148:
2144:Truax v. Raich
2140:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2109:Romer v. Evans
2105:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1986:Craig v. Boren
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1954:Kahn v. Shevin
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
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1571:
1563:
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1538:
1531:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1496:Perez v. Sharp
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1456:Smith v. Texas
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1387:
1384:
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1336:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1252:Parham v. J.R.
1248:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1164:Oyler v. Boles
1160:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1005:
999:
991:
983:
975:
967:
961:
955:
949:
946:Pierson v. Ray
943:
937:
933:Monroe v. Pape
928:
926:
917:
916:
914:
913:
905:
897:
889:
881:
873:
865:
857:
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1499:(Cal. 1948)
1448:Lum v. Rice
725:Roe v. Wade
640:Roe v. Wade
514:due process
187:Concurrence
154:Byron White
114:Earl Warren
2775:Categories
1994:Orr v. Orr
230:Background
158:Abe Fortas
122:Hugo Black
2307:Residency
246:march in
95:ordinance
80:L. Ed. 2d
60:Citations
2128:Alienage
399:case law
314:Text of
271:See also
179:Majority
1523:(1954)
331:Findlaw
88:Holding
2757:(2024)
2749:(1935)
2718:(2013)
2710:(2006)
2702:(2004)
2694:(2003)
2686:(2001)
2678:(2000)
2670:(2000)
2662:(1999)
2654:(1997)
2646:(1989)
2638:(1976)
2630:(1966)
2622:(1883)
2585:(2012)
2577:(2000)
2569:(1997)
2561:(1991)
2553:(1988)
2545:(1988)
2537:(1985)
2529:(1982)
2521:(1979)
2513:(1978)
2505:(1977)
2497:(1976)
2489:(1974)
2481:(1974)
2473:(1973)
2465:(1973)
2457:(1972)
2449:(1971)
2441:(1970)
2433:(1968)
2425:(1968)
2417:(1966)
2409:(1966)
2401:(1962)
2393:(1948)
2385:(1942)
2377:(1937)
2369:(1928)
2361:(1886)
2353:(1876)
2334:(1985)
2326:(1977)
2318:(1969)
2299:(1984)
2291:(1982)
2283:(1982)
2275:(1979)
2267:(1978)
2259:(1977)
2251:(1976)
2243:(1973)
2235:(1973)
2227:(1971)
2219:(1954)
2211:(1948)
2203:(1927)
2195:(1923)
2187:(1923)
2179:(1923)
2171:(1923)
2163:(1915)
2155:(1915)
2147:(1915)
2139:(1914)
2120:(2015)
2112:(1996)
2104:(1986)
2085:(2024)
2077:(1996)
2069:(1994)
2061:(1983)
2053:(1982)
2045:(1981)
2037:(1981)
2029:(1980)
2021:(1979)
2013:(1979)
2005:(1979)
1997:(1979)
1989:(1976)
1981:(1975)
1973:(1975)
1965:(1974)
1957:(1974)
1949:(1972)
1941:(1971)
1933:(1948)
1925:(1937)
1906:(2023)
1898:(2016)
1890:(2014)
1882:(2013)
1874:(2007)
1866:(2005)
1858:(2003)
1850:(2003)
1842:(1999)
1834:(1995)
1826:(1993)
1818:(1992)
1810:(1992)
1802:(1991)
1794:(1989)
1786:(1986)
1778:(1985)
1770:(1984)
1762:(1982)
1754:(1982)
1746:(1978)
1738:(1977)
1730:(1977)
1722:(1974)
1714:(1973)
1706:(1973)
1698:(1972)
1690:(1971)
1682:(1971)
1674:(1971)
1666:(1971)
1658:(1971)
1650:(1969)
1642:(1969)
1634:(1969)
1626:(1969)
1618:(1968)
1610:(1968)
1602:(1967)
1594:(1967)
1586:(1964)
1578:(1964)
1570:(1964)
1554:(1955)
1515:(1950)
1507:(1950)
1491:(1948)
1483:(1948)
1475:(1944)
1467:(1943)
1459:(1940)
1451:(1927)
1443:(1899)
1435:(1896)
1427:(1886)
1419:(1883)
1375:(2016)
1367:(2015)
1359:(2009)
1351:(2000)
1343:(1997)
1335:(1990)
1327:(1989)
1319:(1989)
1311:(1987)
1303:(1987)
1295:(1985)
1287:(1984)
1279:(1983)
1271:(1982)
1263:(1981)
1255:(1979)
1247:(1979)
1239:(1977)
1231:(1976)
1223:(1975)
1215:(1975)
1207:(1974)
1199:(1974)
1191:(1971)
1183:(1968)
1175:(1967)
1167:(1962)
1159:(1961)
1151:(1958)
1143:(1950)
1135:(1932)
1127:(1927)
1119:(1922)
1111:(1905)
1092:(2011)
1084:(2010)
1076:(2009)
1068:(2009)
1060:(2005)
1052:(2003)
1044:(2002)
1036:(1989)
1028:(1988)
1020:(1982)
1012:(1980)
1004:(1978)
998:(1978)
990:(1976)
982:(1976)
974:(1975)
966:(1975)
960:(1974)
954:(1969)
948:(1967)
942:(1963)
936:(1961)
922:under
912:(2022)
904:(2020)
896:(2019)
888:(2018)
880:(2016)
872:(2007)
864:(2006)
856:(2000)
848:(1997)
840:(1997)
832:(1996)
824:(1992)
816:(1990)
808:(1990)
800:(1989)
792:(1986)
784:(1983)
776:(1981)
768:(1979)
760:(1979)
752:(1976)
744:(1976)
736:(1973)
728:(1973)
720:(1971)
699:(2022)
691:(2016)
683:(2003)
675:(1992)
667:(1989)
659:(1986)
651:(1973)
643:(1973)
635:(1965)
627:(1925)
619:(1923)
598:(1937)
590:(1931)
582:(1917)
574:(1917)
566:(1915)
558:(1908)
550:(1905)
542:(1898)
534:(1897)
526:(1887)
482:(1999)
474:(1971)
466:(1967)
458:(1958)
450:(1898)
442:(1884)
434:(1875)
426:(1873)
361:
355:
352:
346:
343:
340:Justia
337:
334:
328:
190:Harlan
164:
162:·
160:
152:
150:·
148:
140:
138:·
136:
128:
126:·
124:
2735:Other
2342:Other
1100:Other
322:
238:, an
1408:Race
324:U.S.
73:more
65:U.S.
63:394
1914:Sex
320:394
82:162
68:147
2777::
318:,
254:.
389:e
382:t
375:v
76:)
70:(
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