651:
131:
1499:
3895:
115:
742:
3805:
105:
605:
296:
48:
4169:
3757:
1007:
687:
3746:
1392:
839:
departments had recaptured the city with a very intense fire and "trampling corpses in every step that progressed for the space of about two miles" and then commenting "What a horror! What a fire!" British
Admiral Parker also condemned the work of the Bourbons, and in particular the prolonged
615:
The 1848 revolution was substantially organized from, and centered in, Palermo. The popular nature of the revolt is evident in the fact that posters and notices were being handed out a full three days before the substantive acts of the revolution occurred on 12 January 1848. The timing was
587:
which caused almost 70,000 deaths in Sicily and which increased the feelings of mistrust towards the royal government, accused of having voluntarily spread the pestilence by polluting water and air. Social tension erupted in a popular uprising that broke out in
760:
continued on the defenseless city, that is, on the part that had not yet been occupied by the regi, for another seven hours. The soldiers of the
Bourbon army gave themselves up to the looting and violence against the inhabitants: "(The
826:
M. G.M. Rillian, despite being in uniform, had been wounded by sabre, before his dwelling was also looted and burned down. The
Bourbon troops did not spare even the religious buildings from looting. For example, the church of
817:
were also looted and destroyed, so much so that the
English consul Barker reported the incident to his government writing that many English subjects living there were reduced to ruin and that even a diplomat, the consul of
324:
797:
killed on altars, maidens cut to pieces, old and sick slaughtered in their own beds, whole families thrown from the windows or burned inside their homes, the Monti family of the loan looted, the sacred vases violated".
563:
in Sicily, with the assistance of the
English navy under Admiral Nelson. The Sicilian nobles took the opportunity to force on the Bourbons a new constitution for Sicily. However, after the Congress of Vienna in 1815,
831:, rich in works of art, was first looted of its sacred objects, then burned down and totally destroyed. Loss of life was incalculable. A Bourbon official wrote to his brother, immediately after the capture of
732:
and remained in force, with changes, until 1948). In imitation of these events, riots and revolutions followed around Europe at the same time, and may be considered a taste of the socialist revolts to come.
662:
The
Sicilian nobles were immediately able to resuscitate the constitution of 1812, which included the principles of representative democracy and the centrality of Parliament in the government of the state.
696:
Thus, Sicily survived as a quasi-independent state for 16 months, with the
Bourbon army taking back full control of the island on 15 May 1849 by force. The effective head of state during this period was
1369:
805:, who in some cases raped women who took refuge in churches before murdering them, killed all the children and murdered sick people in their beds, as happened for example for the elderly farmer
851:, the last insurgents who resisted the attack of the Bourbons inside a convent, rather than hand themselves over, chose to throw themselves into a well, taking their tricolour flags with them.
317:
1759:
752:
By the evening of 7 September 1848 the battle was said to be practically over. Filangieri, however, dared not let his troops enter the set of alleys that then made up the historic center of
310:
4196:
4201:
2816:
1022:
2188:
936:
2848:
2052:
3479:
2831:
555:
and the
Congress of Vienna. This was during the tumultuous period during which in 1798 the Bourbon royal court was forced by Napoleonic troops to flee from
1027:
3443:
2373:
2161:
1498:
635:, which lasted from 12 January 1848 to 15 May 1849 during the Sicilian revolution, adopted the Italian tricolour as flag, defaced with the trinacria, or
3577:
2128:
1550:
894:
490:
39:
3484:
3049:
1968:
1637:
1045:
2261:
1424:
1396:
258:
starting from 1800: this final one resulted in an independent state (the self-proclaimed
Kingdom of Sicily) which survived for 16 months. The
3727:
2890:
1378:
1318:
3524:
2799:
2607:
1632:
706:
679:, which ultimately would be used to take back the island by force. Similarly, it was the city of Messina that held out the longest against
650:
279:
2716:
2116:
1453:
3879:
2853:
1973:
1932:
266:
confederation of states. It was in effect a curtain-raiser to the end of the
Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies, finally completed by
3572:
3157:
2784:
2617:
2378:
1947:
1937:
1612:
2804:
2779:
2622:
2045:
1942:
1647:
1617:
1572:
1347:
402:
334:
135:
575:
rule was due to many reasons, which included the suppression of all forms of autonomy of the Sicilian people and the dominance of
3793:
3176:
2457:
2343:
2198:
1445:
856:
746:
721:
617:
446:
239:
164:
2753:
1468:
840:
terrorist bombardment of the city even after the end of all resistance for eight hours: "The greatest ferocity was shown by the
3300:
3212:
3059:
3054:
2885:
1507:
584:
2181:
275:
3248:
2836:
2313:
2140:
1906:
1815:
1714:
1662:
710:
151:
3894:
3771:
441:
4100:
3499:
3330:
3217:
2748:
2743:
2211:
1560:
579:
elements, the poverty of the island, the harsh police regime and violations of the commitments made by the governments of
512:
259:
2895:
2176:
4191:
4038:
3854:
3849:
3839:
3258:
3197:
3182:
3034:
2348:
2206:
2166:
2038:
1830:
1525:
387:
720:, though perhaps more violent than others. It quickly spread across the island and throughout Italy, where it prompted
3978:
3948:
3602:
3320:
3166:
2948:
2858:
2758:
2644:
2612:
2297:
2009:
1463:
884:
572:
545:
251:
247:
120:
705:
where he was received with the full honours of a head of state, and remained exiled there for twelve years. Upon the
299:
Allegorical print of the time depicting the expulsion of Neapolitan troops from Sicily at the beginning of the revolt
262:
which survived the 16 months was advanced for its time in liberal democratic terms, as was the proposal of a unified
1152:
4066:
4043:
3963:
3958:
3884:
3874:
3657:
3285:
3105:
3012:
2985:
2920:
2794:
2328:
2254:
2106:
1916:
1667:
1622:
1488:
1417:
271:
473:
4151:
3998:
3993:
3973:
3834:
3687:
3453:
3376:
3340:
2358:
2323:
2318:
2111:
1901:
1627:
436:
871:, etc.) they gave themselves at the time of the fall of the city to its looting, arriving with small boats from
419:
3916:
3702:
3692:
3672:
3642:
3597:
3295:
3137:
3069:
3039:
3019:
2900:
2576:
2541:
2338:
1535:
478:
430:
365:
183:
4156:
4078:
3582:
3345:
3202:
3172:
3147:
3064:
3024:
2963:
2862:
2627:
2597:
2226:
1880:
1870:
1607:
848:
462:
414:
77:
741:
360:
3280:
3268:
3044:
3029:
2721:
2363:
2171:
1911:
1478:
801:
During the days of September 1848 there were numerous cases of civilians who were intentionally killed by
565:
355:
159:
3829:
3587:
3514:
3494:
3408:
3357:
3115:
3095:
2905:
2499:
2467:
2353:
2333:
2247:
1952:
1724:
1555:
1410:
828:
507:
392:
375:
806:
397:
4003:
3983:
3864:
3786:
3438:
3253:
3142:
3120:
2774:
2672:
2556:
2424:
1704:
1433:
647:(en. "The 12 January 1848"): January 12th, day of valour, unfurl the tricolour, freedom, freedom. .
568:(and III of Sicily) immediately abolished the constitution upon returning the royal court to Naples.
483:
370:
1207:
Storia della rivoluzione siciliana e delle sue relazioni coi governi italiani e stranieri. 1848–1849
810:
4033:
3968:
3869:
3722:
3712:
3667:
3433:
3398:
3393:
3110:
2731:
2667:
2587:
2121:
2061:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1785:
1592:
1545:
1530:
1515:
889:
668:
628:
576:
468:
235:
4023:
4013:
3953:
3859:
3817:
3697:
3682:
3662:
3519:
3460:
3413:
3335:
3192:
3162:
3152:
3127:
3100:
3007:
3000:
2936:
2692:
2687:
2404:
1850:
1840:
1769:
1734:
1577:
1201:
987:
533:
502:
380:
349:
267:
1795:
1245:“Archivio storico messinese. Atti della società storica messinese”, anno I, Messina 1900, p. 66.
859:
against the insurgents and that after tormenting the Sicilians for months with brigand actions (
604:
4090:
4028:
3943:
3903:
3647:
3637:
3509:
3423:
3388:
3315:
3305:
3083:
2953:
2867:
2697:
2677:
2651:
2639:
2434:
2429:
2414:
2409:
2394:
2014:
2004:
1825:
1805:
1657:
1374:
1364:
1314:
979:
725:
664:
640:
632:
529:
525:
456:
424:
219:
4105:
4085:
4073:
3938:
3844:
3717:
3539:
3489:
3470:
3465:
3418:
3325:
3263:
3243:
3231:
3187:
2990:
2970:
2958:
2821:
2789:
2702:
2419:
2282:
2274:
1835:
1749:
1744:
1729:
1709:
1683:
1597:
1582:
1012:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
971:
802:
729:
589:
451:
243:
227:
168:
155:
17:
4172:
4110:
4095:
3779:
3627:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3504:
3428:
3290:
2809:
2707:
2592:
2492:
2399:
2193:
1875:
1845:
1764:
1652:
698:
690:
540:. Both geographic areas had previously formed the single Kingdom of Sicily created by the
408:
295:
147:
813:, who was beheaded and to whom the breasts were amputated. Homes of foreigners living in
47:
4125:
3928:
3922:
3760:
3707:
3677:
3622:
3529:
3403:
3350:
3310:
2980:
2975:
2826:
2726:
2682:
2634:
2536:
2504:
2462:
2439:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1810:
1800:
1642:
1483:
1457:
675:. However the Sicilian Parliament was never able to control the well fortified city of
608:
1402:
4185:
4115:
3933:
3911:
3632:
3273:
2843:
2531:
2509:
2368:
2085:
1754:
1739:
1719:
1688:
1540:
1344:
I simboli della Repubblica: la bandiera tricolore, il canto degli italiani, l'emblema
1018:
1013:
991:
655:
624:
541:
631:. The Provisional Government of Sicily, which then gave rise to the self-proclaimed
3750:
3557:
3362:
3132:
2736:
2602:
2551:
2526:
2145:
1896:
1790:
1567:
1473:
762:
537:
302:
620:, himself born in Palermo in 1810 (during the Napoleonic period mentioned above).
1205:
4120:
3652:
3592:
3562:
2915:
2546:
2080:
1820:
1602:
959:
757:
756:: although the regular Sicilian forces had been exterminated or forced to flee,
975:
4135:
4130:
2910:
2519:
2075:
2019:
844:, whose fury was incessant for eight hours, after all resistance had ceased".
724:, to follow the example of Ferdinand II and issue a written constitution, the
686:
654:
The Sicilian revolution of 1848, which was characterised by a wide use of the
636:
1031:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 264–265.
983:
4061:
2090:
1520:
716:
The Revolution which began in Palermo was one of a series of such events in
680:
551:
The seeds of the revolution of 1848 were sown prior to the final defeat of
1391:
1067:
238:
which swept across Europe. It was a popular rebellion against the rule of
3567:
3552:
3547:
3448:
2482:
2477:
2221:
872:
864:
671:. The idea was also put forward for a confederation of all the states of
552:
2582:
2514:
852:
832:
823:
814:
790:
778:
774:
753:
676:
593:
560:
88:
Revolution suppressed; more powers to the Sicilian local administration
2030:
3809:
3804:
3207:
1350:
841:
836:
819:
794:
782:
766:
580:
556:
255:
73:
914:
728:(the Albertine Statute later became the constitution of the unified
709:
in 1861, Settimo was offered the position of first President of the
234:) which commenced on 12 January 1848 was the first of the numerous
2487:
2270:
868:
860:
740:
717:
702:
685:
672:
649:
603:
294:
263:
2239:
1255:
Notiziario delle cose avvenute l'anno 1848 nella guerra siciliana
2995:
2472:
1234:
Memorie storiche e critiche della rivoluzione siciliana del 1848
1221:
Memorie storiche e critiche della rivoluzione siciliana del 1848
786:
770:
3775:
2243:
2034:
1406:
793:
in churches, where they hoped for security, and then murdered,
306:
1135:
1133:
915:"La primavera dei popoli. La rivoluzione siciliana del 1848"
855:
was also troubled by the work of common criminals sent by
1370:
Revolutionary Spring: Fighting for a New World 1848–1849
713:, and remained in that office until his death in 1863.
583:. These feelings were exacerbated in 1837 by a serious
27:
Rebellion against Bourbon rule in the Kingdom of Sicily
701:. On capitulating to the Bourbons, Settimo escaped to
616:
deliberately planned to coincide with the birthday of
544:
in the 11th century, but split in two following the
4144:
4052:
4012:
3902:
3816:
3538:
3375:
3230:
3082:
2935:
2878:
2767:
2754:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
2660:
2569:
2450:
2387:
2306:
2290:
2281:
2154:
2099:
2068:
1982:
1961:
1925:
1889:
1778:
1697:
1676:
1506:
1444:
1068:"Il Regno siculo-partenopeo tra il 1821 ed il 1848"
1153:"Discorso di Settimo al Senato del Regno d'Italia"
1373:, Crown Publishing Group, Penguin Random House.
1046:"FERDINANDO II di Borbone, re delle Due Sicilie"
711:Senate of the newly created national parliament
32:
1293:Storia della siciliana rivoluzione del 1848–49
250:. Three revolutions against the Bourbon ruled
3787:
2255:
2046:
1418:
1210:, Milano 1860, Vol. 1, p. 357, Vol. 2, p. 46.
318:
224:Rivuluzzioni nnipinnintista siciliana dĂ» 1848
8:
280:proclamation of the unified Kingdom of Italy
1338:, Edizione Anteprima, Palermo (in Italian).
639:. The Sicilian insurgents used to sing, in
216:Sicilian revolution of independence of 1848
52:The revolution in Palermo (12 January 1848)
3794:
3780:
3772:
3381:
3236:
3088:
2941:
2287:
2262:
2248:
2240:
2053:
2039:
2031:
1425:
1411:
1403:
1040:
1038:
325:
311:
303:
46:
29:
4197:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
1551:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
1139:
1112:
1100:
1088:
895:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
809:, octuagenarian, and for the daughter of
491:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
254:had previously occurred on the island of
40:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
1311:Bandiera madre – I tre colori della vita
960:"Ending the War of the Sicilian Vespers"
532:were formally united following the 1815
4202:1848 in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1969:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
1638:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
906:
571:The hostility of the Sicilians towards
1295:”, Bologna, 1867, vol. II, pp. 35–36.
1279:
1257:, a cura di F. Azzolino, Napoli 1848.
1223:, Londra, 1861, pp. 24 and following.
1190:Le cinque giornate di Messina nel '48
1124:
707:formation of the new Kingdom of Italy
600:Political events after the revolution
536:to become the Bourbon Kingdom of the
7:
2800:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1933:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
1633:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
658:. Fighting outside Palermo Cathedral
1974:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
958:Schneidman, J.Lee (December 1969).
1948:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
1938:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
1613:Second Italian War of Independence
25:
1943:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
1648:Third Italian War of Independence
1618:United Provinces of Central Italy
1573:First Italian War of Independence
1346:(in Italian). Comune di Vanzago.
1176:Modern Italy: A Political History
683:’s attack on the island in 1860.
4168:
4167:
3893:
3803:
3756:
3755:
3744:
1497:
1390:
1005:
747:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
722:Charles Albert, King of Sardinia
618:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
129:
113:
103:
3485:Orders, decorations, and medals
1331:, Les Editions Musae, Montreal.
1313:(in Italian). Scripta Maneant.
758:the bombardment of the Bourbons
1907:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
1715:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1663:Italian entry into World War I
559:and to re-establish itself in
232:Rivoluzione siciliana del 1848
1:
1760:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
1397:Sicilian Uprising (1848-1849)
260:Sicilian Constitution of 1848
64:12 January 1848 – 15 May 1849
4039:List of presidents of Sicily
1831:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
1526:Revolutions during the 1820s
4086:Derby di Sicilia (football)
3949:War of the Sicilian Vespers
3525:Water supply and sanitation
2949:Italian geographical region
2817:Monarchy and the World Wars
2759:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2645:War of the Sicilian Vespers
2298:Timeline of Italian history
2010:Revisionism of Risorgimento
1588:Sicilian revolution of 1848
1469:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1464:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
885:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
857:King Ferdinand II to Sicily
546:War of the Sicilian Vespers
498:Sicilian revolution of 1848
252:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
33:Sicilian revolution of 1848
18:Sicilian Revolution of 1848
4218:
4067:List of people from Sicily
4044:Sicilian Regional Assembly
3880:Cities, towns and villages
3444:Inventions and discoveries
2854:Fall of the Fascist regime
2837:Fourth War of Independence
2795:Expedition of the Thousand
2785:Second War of Independence
1917:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
1623:Expedition of the Thousand
1489:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
1336:Sicilia, Sicilia, Sicilia!
1174:Mack Smith, Denis (1997).
976:10.1177/002234336900600404
737:Violence towards Sicilians
272:Expedition of the Thousand
4165:
3999:Allied invasion of Sicily
3994:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
3891:
3740:
3384:
3239:
3218:Security and intelligence
3091:
2944:
2805:Third War of Independence
2780:First War of Independence
1902:Franz Joseph I of Austria
1779:Literature and philosophy
1628:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
1495:
1329:A Short History of Sicily
1192:, Ferrara, Messina, 1953.
964:Journal of Peace Research
769:marched only preceded by
667:was elected president of
403:Curtatone & Montanara
344:
207:
202:
189:
174:
141:
96:
56:
45:
37:
3989:1848 Sicilian revolution
2896:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
2891:Institutional referendum
1334:Scianò, Giuseppe (2004)
1268:Messina nel Risorgimento
1178:. Yale University Press.
248:King of the Two Sicilies
184:Army of the Two Sicilies
152:V. Fardella di Torrearsa
4101:Norman-Sicilian culture
4079:List of Sicilian dishes
3419:Emigration and diaspora
2628:Guelphs and Ghibellines
2613:the Sardinian Judicates
1881:Francesco Saverio Salfi
1871:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
1342:Villa, Claudio (2010).
1327:Correnti, Santo (2002)
1309:Bellocchi, Ugo (2008).
1028:Encyclopædia Britannica
1023:Ferdinand IV. of Naples
524:The former kingdoms of
223:
78:Kingdom of Two Sicilies
3301:Science and technology
3249:Italian regions by GDP
3050:Marine protected areas
2722:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1912:Klemens von Metternich
1479:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1434:Unification of Italy (
1270:, Milano 1963, p. 486.
1236:, Londra, 1861, p. 26.
749:
693:
659:
612:
609:Flag used by Sicilians
566:Ferdinand IV of Naples
300:
231:
142:Commanders and leaders
3500:Public administration
2608:the Holy Roman Empire
1953:Tricolour Flag Museum
1725:Federico Confalonieri
1556:Republic of San Marco
937:"AUTONOMISMO E UNITĂ€"
744:
689:
653:
645:Lu dudici jnnaru 1848
611:during the revolution
607:
508:Republic of San Marco
298:
278:of 1860–1861 and the
203:Casualties and losses
4004:Sicilian nationalism
3728:World Heritage Sites
3183:Council of Ministers
2921:Coronavirus pandemic
2319:Currency and coinage
1608:Plombières Agreement
1399:at Wikimedia Commons
627:was a symbol of the
4192:Sicilian rebellions
4034:Elections in Sicily
3969:Sicilian Parliament
3820:metropolitan cities
3259:Automotive industry
3198:Metropolitan cities
2744:Early Modern period
2717:Kingdom of Sardinia
2668:Italian city-states
2062:Revolutions of 1848
2000:Italian nationalism
1995:Italian irredentism
1990:Altare della Patria
1786:Giovanni Arrivabene
1593:Ten Days of Brescia
1546:Revolutions of 1848
1531:Revolutions of 1830
1516:Rimini Proclamation
1454:Kingdom of Sardinia
1351:IT\ICCU\LO1\1355389
890:Revolutions of 1848
835:, stating that the
789:, etc.) Women were
669:Sicilian Parliament
643:, the popular song
629:revolutions of 1848
337:War of Independence
236:Revolutions of 1848
160:Ludwik Mierosławski
4024:Politics of Sicily
3954:Lombards of Sicily
3321:Telecommunications
2688:Maritime republics
1851:Alessandro Manzoni
1841:Francesco Lomonaco
1770:Victor Emmanuel II
1735:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1578:Five Days of Milan
1446:Pre-unitary states
1365:Clark, Christopher
1202:Giuseppe La Farina
750:
694:
660:
613:
534:Congress of Vienna
503:Five Days of Milan
301:
268:Giuseppe Garibaldi
4179:
4178:
4029:Statute of Sicily
3944:Kingdom of Sicily
3769:
3768:
3736:
3735:
3371:
3370:
3306:Southern question
3226:
3225:
3158:Political parties
3106:Foreign relations
3078:
3077:
2931:
2930:
2652:Kingdom of Naples
2640:Kingdom of Sicily
2237:
2236:
2028:
2027:
2015:Southern question
1826:Vincenzo Gioberti
1806:Felice Cavallotti
1705:Massimo d'Azeglio
1658:Law of Guarantees
1395:Media related to
1379:978-0-525-57520-7
1320:978-88-95847-01-6
1142:, pp. 22–23.
807:Francesco Bombace
726:Albertine Statute
665:Vincenzo Fardella
656:Italian tricolour
641:Sicilian language
633:Kingdom of Sicily
625:Italian tricolour
521:
520:
212:
211:
92:
91:
16:(Redirected from
4209:
4171:
4170:
4106:Sicilian Baroque
3939:County of Sicily
3917:Sicilia province
3897:
3885:List of communes
3808:
3807:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3773:
3759:
3758:
3751:Italy portal
3748:
3747:
3688:National symbols
3382:
3237:
3089:
2942:
2822:Kingdom of Italy
2749:Napoleonic Italy
2288:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2241:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2032:
1836:Giacomo Leopardi
1816:Giuseppe Ferrari
1750:Bettino Ricasoli
1745:Giuseppe Mazzini
1730:Francesco Crispi
1710:Agostino Bertani
1684:Cockade of Italy
1668:Impresa di Fiume
1598:Belfiore martyrs
1583:Sortie on Mestre
1501:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1404:
1394:
1354:
1324:
1296:
1291:Carlo Gemelli, “
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1199:
1193:
1188:Luigi Tomeucci,
1186:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1165:
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1162:
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1128:
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995:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
911:
849:siege of Messina
730:Kingdom of Italy
585:cholera epidemic
384:
339:
327:
320:
313:
304:
244:House of Bourbon
169:Carlo Filangieri
156:Francesco Crispi
134:
133:
132:
119:
117:
116:
108:
107:
106:
58:
57:
50:
30:
21:
4217:
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4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4161:
4152:Railway network
4140:
4111:Sicilian School
4054:
4048:
4015:
4008:
3929:Theme of Sicily
3898:
3889:
3821:
3819:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3770:
3765:
3745:
3732:
3703:Public holidays
3534:
3480:Life expectancy
3367:
3222:
3138:Law enforcement
3074:
2927:
2874:
2863:Social Republic
2827:Colonial Empire
2810:Capture of Rome
2763:
2656:
2565:
2458:Ancient peoples
2446:
2383:
2344:Historic states
2302:
2277:
2268:
2238:
2233:
2218:United Kingdom
2203:Ottoman Empire
2162:Austrian Empire
2150:
2095:
2064:
2059:
2029:
2024:
1978:
1957:
1921:
1885:
1876:Antonio Rosmini
1846:Goffredo Mameli
1796:Giosuè Carducci
1774:
1765:Ruggero Settimo
1693:
1672:
1653:Capture of Rome
1502:
1493:
1440:
1431:
1387:
1361:
1359:Further reading
1341:
1321:
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1066:
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1043:
1036:
1021:, ed. (1911). "
1017:
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930:
920:
918:
913:
912:
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903:
881:
739:
699:Ruggero Settimo
691:Ruggero Settimo
602:
522:
517:
447:Volta Mantovana
378:
340:
336:
333:
331:
293:
288:
180:Sicilian rebels
167:
158:
154:
150:
148:Ruggero Settimo
130:
128:
127:
123:
114:
112:
109:Sicilian rebels
104:
102:
80:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4215:
4213:
4205:
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3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3974:Bourbon Sicily
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3923:Bellum Siculum
3919:
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3311:Stock exchange
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3221:
3220:
3215:
3213:Municipalities
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3173:Prime Minister
3170:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
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3123:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3086:
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3079:
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3072:
3067:
3062:
3060:Regional parks
3057:
3055:National parks
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3047:
3042:
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3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
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3015:
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2998:
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2978:
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2968:
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2966:
2964:Climate change
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2727:Duchy of Savoy
2724:
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2714:
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2711:
2710:
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2700:
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2637:
2635:Lombard League
2632:
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2605:
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2585:
2573:
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2566:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2557:Western Empire
2549:
2544:
2542:Roman conquest
2539:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2463:Italic peoples
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
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2432:
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2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
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1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Carlo Pisacane
1863:
1861:Silvio Pellico
1858:
1856:Ippolito Nievo
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1811:Vincenzo Cuoco
1808:
1803:
1801:Carlo Cattaneo
1798:
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1643:Roman Question
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1561:Roman Republic
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1503:
1496:
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1484:Duchy of Parma
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1458:House of Savoy
1450:
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1442:
1441:
1432:
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1429:
1422:
1415:
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1400:
1386:
1385:External links
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1140:Bellocchi 2008
1129:
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1113:Bellocchi 2008
1105:
1101:Bellocchi 2008
1093:
1089:Bellocchi 2008
1081:
1059:
1034:
1019:Chisholm, Hugh
997:
970:(4): 335–347.
950:
928:
905:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
892:
887:
880:
877:
875:to make loot.
811:Letterio Russo
803:Bourbon troops
773:, followed by
738:
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513:Roman Republic
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4157:Sulfur mining
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4116:Sicilian cart
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3934:Muslim Sicily
3932:
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3912:Magna Graecia
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3835:Caltanissetta
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3312:
3309:
3307:
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3299:
3297:
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3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
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3279:
3275:
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3267:
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3262:
3260:
3257:
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3219:
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3214:
3211:
3209:
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3201:
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3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
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3071:
3068:
3066:
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3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
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2974:
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2946:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:Years of Lead
2904:
2902:
2901:Economic Boom
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Fascist Italy
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Niçard exodus
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
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2558:
2555:
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2553:
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2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Magna Graecia
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
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2426:
2423:
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2418:
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2309:
2305:
2299:
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2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Republicanism
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:National days
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Aurelio Saffi
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Daniele Manin
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:Celso Ceretti
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1689:Flag of Italy
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
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1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1541:Neo-Guelphism
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1282:, p. 22.
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:L. Tomeucci,
1263:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1127:, p. 23.
1126:
1121:
1118:
1115:, p. 43.
1114:
1109:
1106:
1103:, p. 38.
1102:
1097:
1094:
1091:, p. 27.
1090:
1085:
1082:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1014:public domain
1001:
998:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
951:
938:
932:
929:
916:
910:
907:
900:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
878:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
838:
834:
830:
825:
821:
816:
812:
808:
804:
799:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
755:
748:
743:
736:
734:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
692:
688:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
657:
652:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
610:
606:
599:
597:
595:
591:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
492:
489:
488:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
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460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
432:
428:
426:
423:
421:
420:2nd Governolo
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
382:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
366:1st Governolo
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
351:
347:
346:
343:
338:
335:First Italian
328:
323:
321:
316:
314:
309:
308:
305:
297:
290:
285:
283:
281:
277:
274:in 1860, the
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
206:
201:
197:
194:
193:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
173:
170:
166:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
145:
140:
137:
126:
125:Supported by:
122:
111:
101:
100:
95:
87:
84:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
60:
59:
55:
49:
44:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4014:Politics and
3988:
3984:Risorgimento
3979:Two Sicilies
3921:
3588:Architecture
3558:Quattrocento
3515:Social class
3495:Prostitution
3409:Demographics
3331:Trade unions
3274:Central Bank
3116:Human rights
3096:Constitution
2879:Contemporary
2849:World War II
2737:Italian Wars
2661:Early modern
2603:Papal States
2581:Italy under
2527:Ancient Rome
2133:
1897:Pope Pius IX
1791:Cesare Balbo
1698:Main leaders
1587:
1568:Quadrilatero
1474:Papal States
1436:Risorgimento
1435:
1368:
1343:
1335:
1328:
1310:
1303:Bibliography
1292:
1287:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1189:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1159:16 September
1157:. Retrieved
1155:(in Italian)
1147:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1074:16 September
1072:. Retrieved
1070:(in Italian)
1062:
1052:16 September
1050:. Retrieved
1048:(in Italian)
1026:
1000:
967:
963:
953:
943:16 September
941:. Retrieved
939:(in Italian)
931:
921:16 September
919:. Retrieved
917:(in Italian)
909:
846:
829:San Domenico
800:
751:
715:
695:
661:
644:
622:
614:
570:
550:
538:Two Sicilies
523:
497:
461:
442:Papal States
429:
415:Monte Berico
407:
356:Goito Bridge
348:
240:Ferdinand II
215:
213:
165:Ferdinand II
124:
121:Two Sicilies
97:Belligerents
4121:Coppola cap
4053:Culture and
3818:Provinces,
3653:Italophilia
3613:Coat of arm
3563:Cinquecento
3439:Immigration
3389:Aristocracy
3254:Agriculture
3148:Nationality
3121:LGBT rights
3035:Earthquakes
2916:Mani pulite
2832:World War I
2775:Unification
2768:Late modern
2732:Renaissance
2577:Middle Ages
2570:Middle Ages
2547:Roman Italy
2314:Citizenship
2155:By location
2081:Nationalism
1821:Ugo Foscolo
1603:Crimean War
1536:Young Italy
847:During the
842:Neapolitans
393:Santa Lucia
379: [
361:Castelnuovo
4186:Categories
4136:Mount Etna
4016:government
3822:and places
3723:Traditions
3713:Television
3698:Philosophy
3663:Literature
3603:Cathedrals
3573:Settecento
3434:Healthcare
3399:Corruption
3394:Censorship
3153:Parliament
3111:Government
2911:Maxi Trial
2859:Resistance
2588:Ostrogoths
2520:Messapians
2405:Villanovan
2395:Prehistory
2388:Prehistory
2199:Luxembourg
2076:Liberalism
2020:Third Rome
1280:Villa 2010
1232:P. Calvi,
1219:P. Calvi,
1125:Villa 2010
901:References
837:Neapolitan
767:Napolitani
637:triskelion
577:Neapolitan
291:Background
4131:Triskeles
3830:Agrigento
3683:Mythology
3658:Libraries
3578:Ottocento
3520:Terrorism
3461:Languages
3414:Education
3336:Transport
3286:Companies
3193:Provinces
3163:President
3128:Judiciary
3101:Elections
3013:Volcanoes
3008:Volcanism
3001:Apennines
2986:Mountains
2954:Peninsula
2937:Geography
2868:Civil War
2593:Byzantium
2500:Etruscans
2435:Canegrate
2430:Golasecca
2415:Rinaldone
2410:Terramare
2400:Neolithic
2212:Wallachia
2177:Vojvodina
2122:Schleswig
2100:By nation
2091:Socialism
2005:Redshirts
1890:Opponents
1521:Carbonari
992:110273792
984:0022-3433
775:robberies
681:Garibaldi
548:in 1302.
388:Pastrengo
376:Peschiera
195:c. 20,000
4173:Category
4091:Language
4055:heritage
3964:Viceroys
3959:Monarchs
3865:Syracuse
3761:Category
3648:Internet
3638:Folklore
3568:Seicento
3553:Trecento
3548:Duecento
3510:Religion
3471:Regional
3449:Italians
3424:Gambling
3316:Taxation
3143:Military
3084:Politics
2886:Republic
2673:Florence
2598:Lombards
2537:Republic
2483:Samnites
2478:Picentes
2420:Apennine
2379:Railways
2359:Military
2307:By topic
2291:Overview
2275:articles
2207:Moldavia
2182:Slovakia
2129:Italians
1508:Timeline
1367:(2023).
879:See also
873:Calabria
865:violence
791:violated
765:and the
590:Syracuse
553:Napoleon
479:Velletri
437:Trentino
220:Sicilian
190:Strength
69:Location
38:Part of
4145:Economy
4074:Cuisine
3904:History
3875:Islands
3870:Trapani
3855:Palermo
3850:Messina
3840:Catania
3718:Theatre
3693:Palaces
3673:Museums
3643:Gardens
3628:Fashion
3618:Cuisine
3598:Castles
3540:Culture
3490:Poverty
3466:Italian
3377:Society
3358:Welfare
3326:Tourism
3296:Exports
3264:Banking
3244:Economy
3232:Economy
3188:Regions
3070:Valleys
3040:Islands
3020:Beaches
2991:Prealps
2971:Geology
2959:Climate
2623:Normans
2583:Odoacer
2532:Kingdom
2515:Ligures
2451:Ancient
2425:Nuragic
2374:Postage
2349:Judaism
2339:Genetic
2329:Fashion
2324:Economy
2283:History
2227:Ireland
2222:Britain
2189:Belgium
2167:Hungary
2117:Germans
1926:Museums
1677:Symbols
1016::
853:Messina
833:Messina
824:Bavaria
815:Messina
795:priests
779:looting
754:Messina
677:Messina
594:Catania
573:Bourbon
561:Palermo
542:Normans
474:Tuscany
469:Brescia
457:Mortara
431:Custoza
425:Vicenza
398:Cornuda
264:Italian
242:of the
228:Italian
208:Unknown
198:Unknown
4062:People
3860:Ragusa
3810:Sicily
3749:
3623:Design
3608:Cinema
3583:Anthem
3505:Racism
3454:People
3429:Health
3291:Energy
3281:Brands
3208:Comune
3203:Cities
3065:Rivers
3025:Canals
2708:Amalfi
2693:Venice
2552:Empire
2493:Veneti
2468:Latins
2440:Latial
2273:
2194:Brazil
2172:Prague
2146:Swedes
2134:Sicily
2112:French
2069:Ideals
1377:
1317:
1010:
990:
982:
869:thefts
861:crimes
820:Greece
783:murder
581:Naples
557:Naples
530:Sicily
526:Naples
463:Novara
452:Mestre
371:Osoppo
256:Sicily
118:
85:Result
74:Sicily
4126:Flags
4096:Music
3708:Sport
3678:Music
3668:Media
3530:Women
3404:Crime
3269:Banks
3045:Lakes
3030:Caves
2981:Flora
2976:Fauna
2698:Genoa
2683:Milan
2678:Siena
2618:Arabs
2505:Celts
2488:Umbri
2364:Music
2334:Flags
2271:Italy
2141:Poles
2107:Danes
1983:Other
988:S2CID
771:fires
763:Swiss
745:King
718:Italy
703:Malta
673:Italy
409:Goito
383:]
350:Milan
136:Spain
3845:Enna
3633:Flag
3363:Wine
3351:road
3346:rail
3177:List
3167:List
2996:Alps
2861:and
2703:Pisa
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