342:
577:
dispatched a frigate to reinforce
Weltden and instruct him to occupy the city, unaware that Weltden had been chased from Mergui months earlier, that Siam had declared war on the Company or that a French governor, the Sieur du Bruant, had already arrived in Mergui. The frigate sailed into the port on 22 September and was promptly captured. Since the frigate had been in pursuit of a Siamese pirate vessel captained by an Englishman just before it reached Mergui, the royal proclamation of July 1686 had evidently been ignored after the Siamese attack on Weltden's force.
175:
161:
150:
138:
104:
92:
224:
215:
120:
200:
193:
112:
187:
168:
413:(harbourmaster) under him. Together they supervised a large ship-building programme. White, however, seems from the beginning to have used his position to avenge his grievance against Golconda. Burnaby, like Phaulkon, was a former Company employee. Another former Company employee, Thomas Ivatt, was appointed Siamese ambassador to Golconda.
592:
The brief Anglo-Siamese war, which saw very little fighting, "died a natural death". No peace treaty was ever signed because the
Company refused to drop its claim against the Siamese monarchy for ÂŁ65,000 in damages. As a result of the war, the ports of Siam were closed to Company vessels until 1708,
516:
arrived at Mergui in June 1687. All the
Englishmen present, including White, expressed their intention to comply with the king's order. Although Weltden was under orders to blockade the port until October, when the change of monsoon would allow for his return, he immediately let down his guard. On
576:
Unlike the Dutch, the East India
Company, on learning of the departure of the French embassy, pressed James II to intervene to prevent the French acquisition of Mergui. The king sent instructions to Madras ordering the Company to seize the port. When these instructions arrived in August, Yale
421:
In 1685, Burnaby and White began a series of reprisals against Indian shipping, Golconda in particular. Although
Phaulkon ordered him to stop, White came up with various excuses to justify continuing his vendetta against Golconda. These were regarded as mere
505:
in order to collect the
Englishmen at Mergui and take them out of the King of Siam's service. It was also decided that all ships at Mergui would be impounded in the port until King Narai paid ÂŁ65,000 in damages for White's piracy.
596:
White returned to
England in 1688. His private secretary, Francis Davenport, was taken prisoner in Mergui. He wrote a pamphlet accusing White of piracy and corruption. White died in 1689 before he could be brought to trial.
545:
In response to
Weltden's actions, Siam published an official declaration of war against the East India Company in August 1687. In the aftermath of the massacre, an English woman and her family were murdered by a Siamese
426:
by the
Indians and the East India Company, who blamed Phaulkon and the Siamese government for the acts of their subordinates in Mergui. Golconda also blamed the Company for White's actions since he was an Englishman.
446:. Yale had been contracted by Phaulkon to provide some jewellery to King Narai. Phaulkon, however, considering Yale's bill outrageous, refused to receive the jewels when Yale's brother, Thomas, arrived in
434:, an Indian merchant vessel from Madras from which White seized ÂŁ2,000 worth of goods during its stay in Mergui. He then seized the ship of the Armenian merchant John Demarcora, a resident of Madras.
430:
Company documents record White's various actions during his vendetta, including a naval bombardment of
Masulipatam, the capture of several merchant vessels and the imprisonment of the crew of the
461:
an order-in-council forbidding English subjects from serving aboard foreign ships in eastern waters. It did not arrive in Madras until January 1687. In November 1686, Phaulkon wrote to Père
409:, an English associate of Phaulkon's, and as a result White's ship foundered. In 1683, Phaulkon appointed another Englishman, Richard Burnaby, as governor of Mergui with White acting as
793:
554:
executed to demonstrate justice in defence of innocent English immigrants unaffiliated with the East India Company. The Governor of Tenasserim was likewise executed for the massacre.
482:
By late 1686, the East India Company was already prosecuting a war specifically against Samuel White's vendetta. An expedition was dispatched from Madras in October 1686 to seize
334:
of Mergui. With the exception of the fighting at Mergui on 14 June 1687—which amounted to a massacre of English sailors on shore by the Siamese—the actual war was confined to
573:
preferred to await the inevitable anti-foreign reaction to such a large French presence so near the capital (Bangkok was only 40 miles (64 km) from Ayutthaya).
788:
778:
442:
The rift between the Siamese government and the Company was further aggravated by a personal dispute between Phaulkon and the President of Madras,
606:
386:
To displace the Indian influence, Phaulkon began constructing ships at Mergui. He manned them with English recruits and they sailed under the
390:. The use of English sailors by Siam provoked conflict between the merchants of Golconda, used to dominating the trade of Mergui, and the
569:. The size of the French embassy and its intentions sparked fears of a Dutch declaration of war on Siam, but these came to nothing. The
297:
in 1687–88. Siam officially declared war against the Company in August 1687. No peace treaty was ever signed to end the war, but the
341:
773:
517:
the night of 14 June, while the English were being entertained on shore, the Siamese, under the leadership of the Governor of
558:
451:
621:
223:
214:
119:
783:
298:
570:
28:
469:, offering to hand over Mergui to the French in order to put an end to White's continued unauthorised piracy.
462:
406:
611:
565:
left France in March 1687 in order to take up Phaulkon's offer to occupy the port of Mergui and the city of
663:
The New Cambridge History of India, Volume 2, Part 5: European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India
737:
The Company-State: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India
27:"Anglo-Thai War" redirects here. For the war between the United Kingdom and Thailand in 1942–1945, see
490:
had changed and was forced to turn back. The campaign against Mergui got off to an inglorious start.
368:
154:
493:
When the royal proclamation arrived in Madras in January 1687, it was decided to send the warships
466:
458:
380:
562:
534:
518:
391:
387:
305:
290:
123:
644:
550:
of Mergui, upon refusing his advances. Upon hearing of this transgression, King Narai had the
395:
313:
294:
96:
525:
was sunk. Weltden and White were among the few to escape the massacre. Reaching their ships
447:
376:
371:. One of Phaulkon's policies was to develop Siamese trade through the port of Mergui on the
335:
204:
62:
502:
322:
was the dispute between Siam and the Company over the actions of the Siamese officials at
227:
199:
192:
111:
616:
593:
although the Company had resumed trade using foreign-flagged vessels as early as 1705.
309:
186:
167:
767:
716:
372:
486:
up the coast from Mergui to use as a base for combatting piracy. It left after the
17:
580:
In October 1687, Weltden was finally able to return to Madras while White in the
402:
318:
755:
The English Gentleman Merchant at Work: Madras and the City of London 1660–1740
450:. This embarrassment for the Company took place at the same time as the French
443:
410:
218:
379:
of India. This trade was traditionally conducted by Muslims from the Indian
331:
521:
fired on the moored ships and the Siamese troops massacred the English.
566:
487:
483:
423:
327:
323:
58:
364:
340:
143:
557:
While preparations were underway for the blockade of Mergui, the
304:
The war resulted in part from the jostling of the great powers—
286:
239:
Shore batteries and Siamese troops from Tenasserim and Mergui
375:. This was the main Siamese port engaged in trade with the
108:
Governorship of Tenasserim and Siamese garrison of Mergui
363:
By 1681, Siamese foreign policy was in the hands of King
646:
English Intercourse with Siam in the Seventeenth Century
457:
In July 1686, the Company was able to secure from King
330:, and the English response, which included a naval
584:, with Weltden's permission, returned to England.
405:, a port of Golconda, refused to supply cables to
36:
478:Blockade of Mergui and massacre of the English
316:—for trading influence in Siam. The immediate
8:
757:(Museum Tusculanum Press, 2005), pp. 226–28.
665:(Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 289.
794:Thailand–United Kingdom military relations
639:
637:
33:
739:(Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 76ff.
723:, 4th ed. (Macmillan, 1981), pp. 392–397.
657:
655:
749:
747:
745:
731:
729:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
633:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
326:(Myeik), which the English considered
789:17th century in the Ayutthaya Kingdom
345:1686 map of Siam. Mergui is labelled
7:
779:Wars involving the Ayutthaya Kingdom
678:, rev. ed. (Routledge, 2013), p. 21.
674:"Anglo-Siamese War", in G. C. Kohn,
25:
607:Thailand–United Kingdom relations
417:War of reprisals against Golconda
561:with a military component under
222:
213:
203:Richard Burnaby (defected)
198:
191:
185:
173:
166:
159:
148:
136:
118:
110:
102:
90:
73:Siam closed to Company traders
401:In 1681, the port official at
271:Many English civilians killed.
1:
359:Siamese policy under Phaulkon
721:A History of South-East Asia
622:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
533:, they sailed them into the
454:was present (October 1685).
250:), East India Company troops
165:Governor of Tenasserim
810:
299:Siamese revolution of 1688
291:English East India Company
26:
398:on the Coromandel Coast.
301:rendered the issue moot.
289:that existed between the
254:
233:
129:
83:
41:
571:Dutch East India Company
196:Samuel White (defected)
29:Thailand in World War II
612:First Anglo-Burmese War
559:Loubère–Céberet embassy
774:Wars involving England
537:to await the monsoon.
394:, which possessed the
350:
130:Commanders and leaders
75:No peace treaty signed
501:under the command of
463:François de la Chaise
344:
255:Casualties and losses
438:Siamese–Company rift
369:Constantine Phaulkon
367:'s Greek favourite,
155:Constantine Phaulkon
467:Louis XIV of France
465:, the confessor of
459:James II of England
381:Kingdom of Golconda
18:Siamese–English War
676:Dictionary of Wars
563:Marshal Des Farges
535:Mergui Archipelago
392:East India Company
351:
269:60 traders killed
124:East India Company
784:Conflicts in 1687
735:Philip J. Stern,
396:Madras Presidency
279:Anglo-Siamese War
275:
274:
115:English defectors
97:Ayutthaya Kingdom
79:
78:
37:Anglo-Siamese War
16:(Redirected from
801:
758:
751:
740:
733:
724:
714:
679:
672:
666:
659:
650:
641:
541:Siamese reaction
452:Chaumont embassy
377:Coromandel Coast
336:commerce raiding
310:United Provinces
226:
217:
209:
202:
195:
189:
184:Tenasserim
178:
177:
176:
170:
164:
163:
162:
153:
152:
151:
141:
140:
139:
122:
114:
107:
106:
105:
95:
94:
93:
63:Coromandel coast
43:
42:
34:
21:
809:
808:
804:
803:
802:
800:
799:
798:
764:
763:
762:
761:
752:
743:
734:
727:
715:
682:
673:
669:
660:
653:
649:(London: 1890).
643:John Anderson,
642:
635:
630:
603:
590:
543:
503:Anthony Weltden
480:
475:
440:
419:
361:
356:
295:Kingdom of Siam
268:
228:Anthony Weltden
221:
205:
197:
190:
183:
174:
172:
171:
160:
158:
157:
149:
147:
146:
137:
135:
109:
103:
101:
100:
91:
89:
74:
65:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
807:
805:
797:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
766:
765:
760:
759:
741:
725:
680:
667:
651:
632:
631:
629:
626:
625:
624:
619:
617:Bowring Treaty
614:
609:
602:
599:
589:
586:
542:
539:
479:
476:
474:
471:
439:
436:
418:
415:
360:
357:
355:
352:
285:) was a brief
283:Anglo-Thai War
273:
272:
261:
257:
256:
252:
251:
240:
236:
235:
231:
230:
211:
132:
131:
127:
126:
116:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
806:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
769:
756:
753:Søren Mentz,
750:
748:
746:
742:
738:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:D. G. E. Hall
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
671:
668:
664:
658:
656:
652:
648:
647:
640:
638:
634:
627:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
600:
598:
594:
587:
585:
583:
578:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
477:
473:Open conflict
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
437:
435:
433:
428:
425:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
373:Bay of Bengal
370:
366:
358:
353:
348:
343:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
270:
266:
262:
259:
258:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
237:
232:
229:
225:
220:
216:
212:
210:
208:
201:
194:
188:
181:
169:
156:
145:
134:
133:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
98:
88:
87:
82:
72:
69:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
45:
44:
40:
35:
30:
19:
754:
736:
720:
675:
670:
662:
661:Om Prakash,
645:
595:
591:
581:
579:
575:
556:
551:
547:
544:
530:
526:
522:
513:
509:
508:
498:
494:
492:
481:
456:
441:
431:
429:
420:
407:Samuel White
400:
388:Siamese flag
385:
362:
346:
317:
303:
287:state of war
282:
278:
276:
264:
263:
247:
243:
242:2 warships (
206:
179:
84:Belligerents
403:Masulipatam
319:casus belli
768:Categories
628:References
582:Resolution
531:Resolution
519:Tenasserim
444:Elihu Yale
432:Tiaga Raja
411:shahbandar
354:Background
219:Elihu Yale
448:Ayutthaya
49:1687–1688
601:See also
332:blockade
234:Strength
54:Location
588:Results
567:Bangkok
527:Curtana
510:Curtana
495:Curtana
488:monsoon
484:Negrais
306:England
244:Curtana
207:†
99:(Siam)
424:piracy
347:Mirgin
328:piracy
324:Mergui
314:France
308:, the
70:Result
59:Mergui
552:balat
548:balat
523:James
514:James
499:James
365:Narai
267:sunk
265:James
260:Light
248:James
180:Balat
144:Narai
142:King
529:and
512:and
497:and
312:and
293:and
281:(or
277:The
246:and
61:and
46:Date
182:of
770::
744:^
728:^
719:,
683:^
654:^
636:^
383:.
338:.
349:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
