353:
369:
341:
349:(26 and 36 in), and weights between 34 and 56 kg (75 and 123 lb). The nose is straight in profile, the neck short, and the back straight. The neck is also particularly thick and muscular in males, but much less so in females. Both sexes have beards, although the male's beard is more pronounced, and those of females are sometimes absent altogether. Both sexes also possess a large scent gland, about 3 cm (1.2 in) across, beneath the tail.
95:
575:, they may be found on hills as low as 700 m (2,300 ft), but they are more commonly found between about 2,000 and 5,000 metres (6,600 and 16,400 ft) in summer, descending to lower, sometimes sparsely forested, slopes during the winter. In Tajikistan, the ibex distribution is controlled by climatic variables such as seasonal temperature and precipitation of warmest quarter. Most Siberian ibexes are seen in central and northern Asia,
551:
70:
365:
mature males becoming much darker with white patches. Females and infants are generally more bland in colour than the adult males, and do not always have the stripe down the back. Siberian ibexes typically moult between April and July, developing their paler summer coat, which continues to grow and become darker as the year progresses, reaching the full winter condition around
December.
236:
42:
512:. Herds vary in size depending on the local population; about 5-30 is most common, although they can become much larger during the rut. Outside of the rut, most herds are single-sex, although some mixed-sex herds persist throughout the year. Herds spend much of the day grazing, spending an hour or more at each location before moving on.
516:
between females and males and mixed-sex herds increase during the winter, but decrease in the summer. Since females prioritize health and safety of their offspring, they are more frequently near water sources and spread around elevations with the most nutrient-rich vegetation, as well as increasing their vigilance towards predators.
485:, Siberian ibexes seek out lower slopes during the winter in search of food. They have also been known to seek out tree lines on hot days, but they do not enter forested areas, preferring to return to their alpine habitat when the weather has cooled. When snow is heavy, they have to paw away snow to reach the vegetation below.
314:, mostly due to over-hunting (mainly by wealthy, foreign hunters), low densities (in most areas) and overall decline; still, reliable data is minimal and difficult to come by, in addition to the animals’ expansive natural range, so accurate observations are still scant. The Siberian ibex has, formerly, been treated as a
515:
Males and female exhibit different behaviors in choosing feeding grounds, herd size, and protection. Although there are several herds consisting of both, herds can be divided by sex and food availability. In times of high vegetation, groups are larger with less competition for resources. Diet overlap
468:
Gestation lasts 170 to 180 days, and usually results in the birth of a single kid, although twins occur in up to 14% of births, and triplets are born on rare occasions. Newborn kids weigh about 3 kg (6.6 lb), and grow rapidly during their first year. The horns are visible after about three
348:
Siberian ibexes are large and heavily built goats, although individual sizes vary greatly. Males are between 88 and 110 cm (35 and 43 in) in shoulder height, and weigh between 60 and 130 kg (130 and 290 lb). Females are noticeably smaller, with heights between 67 and 92 cm
360:
The female's horns are relatively small, and grey-brown in colour, measuring an average of 27 cm (11 in) long. Those of fully-grown males are black and typically measure about 115 cm (45 in), although in extreme cases they can grow to 148 cm (58 in). Both sexes have
364:
The colouration is also variable, from dark brown to light tan, with some reddish individuals. There is usually a stripe of darker hair down the centre of the back and onto the tail, and some males have saddle-like patches on the back in the winter. The undersides are paler, and, in the winter,
472:
Males are sexually mature at eighteen months, but do not reach their full adult size for nine years. Females first breed in their second year. Males typically live for ten years in the wild, and females for up to seventeen years. They have been reported to live for up to 22 years in captivity.
460:
takes place from late
October to early January. During the rut, the males spend considerable effort courting females, and they are often emaciated from lack of grazing by the time it ends. Courtship lasts for over 30 minutes, and consists of licking, ritualised postures, and
322:, and whether or not it is a single species or a complex of distinct units that stand out as genetically-distinct (at species level) is still not entirely clear. The Siberian ibex is the longest and heaviest member of the genus
361:
circular rings around their horns that represent annual growth, but males also have large transverse ridges along the front surface. The exact shape of the horns varies considerably between individuals.
469:
to four weeks. They begin to eat grass as little as eight days after birth, but do not do so regularly until they are about one month old, and are not fully weaned until six months.
492:. During spring and summer, grasses and sedges form the bulk of their diet, while during winter they eat more tall herbs, and the twigs and needles of trees such as
5842:
5987:
5907:
5816:
6007:
5855:
811:
Dutt Joshi, B; Jabin, G; Sharief, A; Kumar, V; Mukherjee, T; Kumar, M; Singh, A; Kumar Singh, S; Chandra, K; Sharma, Lk; Thakur, M (2020-05-14).
767:"Capra sibirica: Reading, R., Michel, S., Suryawanshi, K. & Bhatnagar, Y.V.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T42398A22148720"
1277:
943:
567:, in areas of steep slopes and rocky scree. Their habitat consists of a mixture of high altitude steppe, alpine meadows, and regions of
6012:
5803:
465:
if the female urinates. Males compete for dominance during the rut, rearing up on their hind legs and clashing their horns together.
989:
352:
5881:
5899:
935:
5860:
975:
1629:
6002:
2418:
457:
5894:
5764:
1246:
929:
368:
1698:
1270:
981:
5912:
4675:
1620:
1611:
5997:
50:
4462:
94:
5111:
4624:
4504:
2400:
2060:
1541:
903:
1055:"Diet differences between males and females in sexually dimorphic ungulates: a case study on Siberian ibex"
5992:
5704:
2162:
1868:
1787:
1150:
652:
5769:
1012:
Han, Lei; Blank, David; Wang, Muyang; Yang, Weikang; Silva, AntĂłnio Alves Da; Alves, Joana (April 2019).
5946:
2567:
1796:
1680:
1263:
784:
209:
5312:
4342:
1014:"Grouping patterns and social organization in Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica): feeding strategy matters"
1151:"Vigilance behaviour in Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica): Effect of group size, group type, sex and age"
340:
5790:
5751:
5619:
5385:
5376:
5321:
4946:
4910:
4883:
4291:
4282:
3727:
3718:
2084:
1943:
1886:
1832:
1097:
5742:
5565:
5267:
5258:
5006:
4874:
4847:
4783:
4444:
4324:
4273:
1952:
1859:
1450:
853:
775:
700:
59:
5652:
5643:
4937:
4062:
3788:
3265:
3256:
2975:
2409:
1877:
1689:
1671:
1550:
1225:
1186:
907:
727:"Common names of the Asiatic ibex superspecies at a turning point in its taxonomy and management"
225:
89:
5951:
5015:
4955:
4919:
4865:
4838:
4829:
4453:
4435:
4369:
5847:
356:
The coat of
Siberian ibex is well suited for camouflage in mountains with low or no vegetation.
5933:
5777:
5285:
5276:
4964:
4892:
4820:
4651:
4633:
4486:
3436:
2831:
2822:
2674:
2576:
2355:
2322:
2265:
2135:
1662:
1523:
1178:
1170:
1131:
1113:
1035:
985:
949:
939:
834:
744:
568:
5938:
5679:
5433:
5424:
5303:
5144:
5135:
4928:
4600:
4591:
4539:
4530:
4378:
4351:
4264:
4044:
3652:
3078:
3069:
3059:
3032:
2753:
2622:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1587:
1578:
1514:
1441:
1432:
1217:
1162:
1121:
1105:
1066:
1025:
899:
824:
770:
734:
695:
520:
5873:
5920:
5409:
5400:
5348:
5339:
5120:
3977:
3968:
3445:
3041:
2093:
2003:
1841:
1653:
1532:
1505:
1496:
797:
550:
432:
405:
287:
74:
1221:
813:"Genetic evidence for allopatric speciation of the Siberian ibex Capra sibirica in India"
1101:
5756:
5609:
5547:
5177:
5168:
4693:
4642:
4563:
4554:
4495:
4333:
4035:
3857:
3848:
3403:
3370:
3352:
2840:
2650:
2525:
2364:
1352:
1324:
1126:
1086:"Different environmental requirements of female and male Siberian ibex, Capra sibirica"
1085:
620:
481:
Usually living at high elevations, sometimes at the vegetation line and well above the
414:
5981:
5868:
5234:
5216:
5102:
5039:
5030:
4089:
3824:
3797:
3568:
3478:
3469:
3454:
3283:
3238:
3175:
3166:
2683:
2641:
2534:
2500:
2490:
2391:
2373:
2036:
1985:
1895:
1459:
1229:
1190:
925:
911:
766:
686:
677:
640:
628:
324:
186:
79:
5628:
5597:
5487:
5159:
4973:
4901:
4774:
4717:
4708:
4426:
4360:
4122:
4080:
3995:
3806:
3526:
3517:
3379:
3310:
3199:
3190:
2932:
2701:
2382:
2337:
2304:
2075:
1967:
1934:
1850:
648:
528:
303:
5782:
812:
5964:
1166:
5886:
5829:
5736:
5249:
4997:
4159:
4113:
4104:
4053:
4005:
3866:
3708:
3301:
3292:
3120:
2914:
2905:
2895:
2789:
2632:
2442:
2433:
2346:
2189:
2111:
1994:
1919:
1910:
1287:
644:
576:
572:
444:
319:
146:
1109:
1070:
4856:
4756:
4581:
4173:
3595:
3577:
3328:
3023:
3008:
2999:
2966:
2743:
2549:
2466:
2457:
2232:
2223:
2102:
2027:
1568:
1389:
1255:
739:
726:
624:
604:
600:
596:
592:
532:
390:
315:
5727:
1174:
1117:
1084:
Han, Lei; Wang, Zhi; Blank, David; Wang, Muyang; Yang, Weikang (2021-03-16).
1054:
1039:
977:
Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and
Relatives
838:
748:
17:
5556:
5477:
5330:
5201:
5192:
4666:
4240:
4231:
4216:
4207:
4071:
3643:
3427:
3361:
3247:
2762:
2558:
2247:
2171:
2051:
1602:
1487:
1477:
1371:
1362:
953:
564:
509:
482:
436:
386:
235:
106:
5808:
5523:
1182:
1135:
1030:
1013:
41:
310:. In terms of population stability, Siberian ibex are currently ranked as
5925:
5721:
5465:
5093:
4765:
4477:
4315:
4255:
3920:
3619:
3151:
3096:
2984:
2813:
2289:
2280:
2256:
2144:
2018:
1768:
1644:
1340:
1318:
1306:
612:
608:
584:
423:
393:, based mainly on differences in total size, size of horns and colour of
166:
126:
1206:
Response of
Asiatic ibex (Capra sibirica) under Climate Change Scenarios
5821:
5670:
5505:
5366:
5225:
4615:
4402:
4393:
4306:
4192:
4183:
4155:
3911:
3815:
3779:
3694:
3690:
3661:
3586:
3274:
3147:
3108:
2692:
2609:
2515:
1778:
1728:
1423:
501:
462:
329:
176:
156:
5834:
5514:
5083:
4988:
4811:
4801:
4417:
3929:
3769:
3751:
3742:
3628:
3550:
3502:
3493:
2951:
2942:
2877:
2868:
2858:
2780:
2313:
2126:
1976:
1312:
1300:
829:
616:
505:
497:
394:
373:
136:
116:
5698:
306:, and is, by far, the most widely-distributed species in the genus
5959:
5538:
5496:
5071:
4741:
4732:
4026:
3953:
3944:
3875:
3604:
3559:
3418:
3343:
3223:
3214:
2725:
2716:
2208:
2199:
1408:
1399:
1204:
Salas, E.A.L.; Valdez, R.; Stefan, M. & Boykin, K.G. (2020). "
1149:
Han, Lei; Blank, David; Wang, Muyang; Yang, Weikang (2020-01-01).
676:
Reading, R.; Michel, S.; Suryawanshi, K.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020).
656:
588:
580:
549:
544:
524:
493:
489:
440:
367:
351:
339:
299:
295:
931:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
4684:
4014:
3902:
3884:
3541:
3394:
2798:
2665:
2481:
1755:
1716:
536:
291:
5795:
5702:
5594:
5462:
5068:
4151:
3686:
3143:
2605:
1751:
1337:
1259:
5294:
3893:
3839:
2771:
2153:
540:
328:, though its shoulder height is slightly surpassed by the
904:
10.1644/1545-1410(2001)675<0001:CS>2.0.CO;2
619:. In 1978, 40 Siberian ibexes were introduced into the
488:
Their diet primarily consists of alpine grasses and
385:
Though some recent authorities treat the species as
5711:
5669:
5641:
5617:
5608:
5536:
5485:
5476:
5422:
5398:
5374:
5365:
5247:
5214:
5190:
5157:
5133:
5091:
5082:
5028:
4986:
4809:
4800:
4754:
4730:
4706:
4664:
4613:
4589:
4580:
4552:
4528:
4521:
4475:
4415:
4391:
4304:
4253:
4229:
4205:
4181:
4172:
4102:
4003:
3994:
3966:
3942:
3837:
3777:
3768:
3740:
3716:
3707:
3641:
3617:
3539:
3515:
3491:
3467:
3416:
3392:
3341:
3236:
3212:
3188:
3164:
3119:
3107:
3095:
3067:
3058:
3021:
2997:
2964:
2940:
2931:
2903:
2894:
2866:
2857:
2811:
2751:
2742:
2714:
2663:
2630:
2621:
2547:
2513:
2479:
2455:
2431:
2335:
2302:
2278:
2245:
2221:
2197:
2188:
2124:
2073:
2049:
2016:
1965:
1932:
1908:
1776:
1767:
1727:
1715:
1642:
1600:
1576:
1567:
1485:
1476:
1421:
1397:
1388:
1360:
1351:
259:), also known using regionalized names including
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
969:
967:
965:
963:
776:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t42398a22148720.en
701:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T42398A22148720.en
1271:
631:and a small population has been established.
8:
886:Fedosenko, A.K. & Blank, D.A. (2001). "
5699:
5614:
5605:
5591:
5482:
5473:
5459:
5371:
5088:
5079:
5065:
4806:
4586:
4525:
4178:
4169:
4148:
4000:
3774:
3713:
3704:
3683:
3161:
3140:
3064:
2937:
2900:
2863:
2748:
2627:
2618:
2602:
2194:
1773:
1764:
1748:
1573:
1482:
1394:
1357:
1348:
1334:
1278:
1264:
1256:
234:
68:
40:
31:
1125:
1029:
828:
774:
738:
699:
519:The main predators of Siberian ibex are
668:
793:
782:
563:Siberian ibexes live mostly above the
508:. During the summer, they often visit
5988:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1059:European Journal of Wildlife Research
7:
1222:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2020.01.003
760:
758:
731:Animal Biodiversity and Conservation
720:
718:
687:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
535:; young ibex may also fall prey to
422:(Gobi or Mongolian Ibex) – western
974:José R. Castelló (12 April 2016).
25:
1210:Journal of Resources and Ecology
647:has the ibex as its mascot. The
93:
1630:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
655:, had a Siberian ibex on their
6008:National symbols of Kyrgyzstan
2419:Central American red brocket (
936:Johns Hopkins University Press
928:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
389:, others have recognized four
1:
3126:Large subfamily listed below
3114:Large subfamily listed below
3102:Large subfamily listed below
1167:10.1016/j.beproc.2019.104021
1621:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
1612:Indian spotted chevrotain (
817:Endangered Species Research
404:(Siberian or Altai Ibex) –
243:Range of the Siberian ibex
6029:
1110:10.1038/s41598-021-85550-6
1071:10.1007/s10344-020-01387-w
982:Princeton University Press
6013:Mammals described in 1776
5604:
5590:
5557:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
5548:Domestic Bactrian camel (
5472:
5458:
5112:North Sulawesi babirusa (
5078:
5064:
4168:
4147:
3703:
3682:
3160:
3139:
2617:
2601:
2401:Amazonian brown brocket (
1763:
1747:
1734:Large family listed below
1722:Large family listed below
1699:Williamson's mouse-deer (
1347:
1333:
1295:
740:10.32800/abc.2023.46.0079
725:Sarasa, M. (2023-03-03).
242:
233:
215:
208:
90:Scientific classification
88:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3798:Domestic water buffalo (
2163:Central Asian red deer (
1788:Bornean yellow muntjac (
1216:: Volume 11: pp. 27–37.
898:: Number 675: pp. 1–13.
559:Habitat and distribution
51:Berlin Zoological Garden
4676:Bates' pygmy antelope (
4463:Soemmerring's gazelle (
2568:Yucatan brown brocket (
1797:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
1681:Philippine mouse-deer (
579:, western and northern
49:Female and male at the
5386:White-lipped peccary (
5322:Philippine warty pig (
4947:Yellow-backed duiker (
4911:Black-fronted duiker (
4884:White-bellied duiker (
4505:Przewalski's gazelle (
3728:Four-horned antelope (
2526:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
2085:Visayan spotted deer (
1944:European fallow deer (
1887:Northern red muntjac (
1833:Southern red muntjac (
1031:10.25225/fozo.065.2019
792:Cite journal requires
555:
554:A Siberian ibex skull.
377:
357:
345:
5947:Paleobiology Database
5566:Wild Bactrian camel (
5268:Bornean bearded pig (
5259:Palawan bearded pig (
4848:White-legged duiker (
4274:Red-fronted gazelle (
1953:Persian fallow deer (
1869:Roosevelt's muntjac (
1542:Himalayan musk deer (
1451:Reticulated giraffe (
1155:Behavioural Processes
733:(in Catalan): 79–86.
694:: e.T42398A22148720.
553:
371:
355:
344:Herd of Siberian ibex
343:
294:, a wild relative of
5653:Pygmy hippopotamus (
5313:Oliver's warty pig (
4938:Red-flanked duiker (
4343:Erlanger's gazelle (
4063:Harnessed bushbuck (
3789:Wild water buffalo (
3266:East Caucasian tur (
3257:West Caucasian tur (
2410:Little red brocket (
1878:Truong Son muntjac (
1690:Vietnam mouse-deer (
1672:Greater mouse-deer (
1551:Siberian musk deer (
1251:Animal Diversity Web
857:ultimateungulate.com
851:Huffman, B. (2004).
615:, and south-central
6003:Mammals of Pakistan
5286:Celebes warty pig (
5277:Visayan warty pig (
4893:Red forest duiker (
4625:GĂĽnther's dik-dik (
4487:Mongolian gazelle (
4292:Heuglin's gazelle (
4283:Thomson's gazelle (
3437:Long-tailed goral (
2832:Mountain reedbuck (
2823:Southern reedbuck (
2675:East African oryx (
2577:White-tailed deer (
2356:Small red brocket (
2323:South Andean deer (
2266:Siberian roe deer (
2257:European roe deer (
2094:Philippine sambar (
2061:Père David's deer (
1663:Lesser mouse-deer (
1524:Kashmir musk deer (
1102:2021NatSR..11.6064H
765:IUCN (2020-01-04).
431:(Himalayan Ibex) –
413:(Tian Shan Ibex) –
60:Conservation status
5434:Collared peccary (
5304:Flores warty pig (
5145:Giant forest hog (
5007:Maxwell's duiker (
4929:Ruwenzori duiker (
4875:Jentink's duiker (
4784:Sharpe's grysbok (
4540:Tibetan antelope (
4445:Bright's gazelle (
4379:Goitered gazelle (
4352:Mountain gazelle (
4325:Cuvier's gazelle (
4265:Mongalla gazelle (
3653:Pyrenean chamois (
3079:Tibetan antelope (
3033:Black wildebeest (
1860:Reeves's muntjac (
1824:Sumatran muntjac (
1815:Gongshan muntjac (
1588:Water chevrotain (
1515:Alpine musk deer (
1442:Southern giraffe (
1433:Northern giraffe (
1090:Scientific Reports
556:
378:
358:
346:
268:Central Asian ibex
5975:
5974:
5934:Open Tree of Life
5705:Taxon identifiers
5696:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5665:
5664:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5410:Chacoan peccary (
5361:
5360:
5349:Javan warty pig (
5340:Timor warty pig (
5147:H. meinertzhageni
5121:Togian babirusa (
5060:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5016:Walter's duiker (
4956:Abbott's duiker (
4920:Ogilby's duiker (
4866:Harvey's duiker (
4830:Brooke's duiker (
4796:
4795:
4576:
4575:
4517:
4516:
4454:Peter's gazelle (
4436:Grant's gazelle (
4370:Speke's gazelle (
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4020:
3990:
3989:
3978:African buffalo (
3809:B. depressicornis
3764:
3763:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3446:Himalayan goral (
3268:C. cylindricornis
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3091:
3090:
3054:
3053:
3042:Blue wildebeest (
2976:Common tsessebe (
2927:
2926:
2890:
2889:
2853:
2852:
2765:K. ellipsiprymnus
2738:
2737:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2537:P. mephistophiles
2493:P. mephistophiles
2184:
2183:
1880:M. truongsonensis
1842:Pu Hoat muntjac (
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1711:
1710:
1654:Java mouse-deer (
1563:
1562:
1533:Black musk deer (
1506:Dwarf musk deer (
1497:Anhui musk deer (
1472:
1471:
1435:G. camelopardalis
1384:
1383:
1053:Han, Lei (2020).
945:978-0-8018-8221-0
892:Mammalian Species
587:), north-western
247:
246:
83:
27:Species of mammal
16:(Redirected from
6020:
5968:
5967:
5955:
5954:
5942:
5941:
5929:
5928:
5916:
5915:
5903:
5902:
5890:
5889:
5877:
5876:
5864:
5863:
5851:
5850:
5838:
5837:
5825:
5824:
5812:
5811:
5799:
5798:
5786:
5785:
5773:
5772:
5760:
5759:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5700:
5615:
5606:
5592:
5483:
5474:
5460:
5372:
5178:Common warthog (
5169:Desert warthog (
5089:
5080:
5066:
4965:Weyns's duiker (
4839:Peters' duiker (
4821:Aders's duiker (
4807:
4694:Royal antelope (
4652:Salt's dik-dik (
4643:Silver dik-dik (
4634:Kirk's dik-dik (
4587:
4564:Saiga antelope (
4526:
4465:N. soemmerringii
4334:Dorcas gazelle (
4179:
4170:
4163:
4149:
4036:Mountain nyala (
4019:
4018:
4010:
4001:
3956:P. nghetinhensis
3858:European bison (
3849:American bison (
3775:
3714:
3705:
3698:
3684:
3560:Domestic sheep (
3404:Himalayan tahr (
3371:Mainland serow (
3353:Japanese serow (
3162:
3155:
3141:
3065:
2938:
2901:
2864:
2841:Bohor reedbuck (
2749:
2728:A. nasomaculatus
2651:Sable antelope (
2628:
2619:
2612:
2603:
2365:Merida brocket (
2195:
2136:Thorold's deer (
1988:A. calamianensis
1871:M. rooseveltorum
1817:M. gongshanensis
1774:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1574:
1483:
1462:G. tippelskirchi
1395:
1358:
1349:
1335:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1234:
1233:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
971:
958:
957:
934:(3rd ed.).
922:
916:
915:
883:
858:
849:
843:
842:
832:
830:10.3354/esr01034
808:
802:
801:
795:
790:
788:
780:
778:
762:
753:
752:
742:
722:
713:
712:
710:
708:
703:
673:
653:Turkic Khaganate
643:regiment of the
591:, south-eastern
521:Himalayan wolves
420:C. s. hagenbecki
318:of the Eurasian
238:
221:
201:C. sibirica
98:
97:
77:
72:
71:
44:
32:
21:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6017:
5998:Mammals of Asia
5978:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5963:
5958:
5950:
5945:
5937:
5932:
5924:
5921:Observation.org
5919:
5911:
5906:
5898:
5893:
5885:
5880:
5872:
5867:
5859:
5854:
5846:
5841:
5833:
5828:
5820:
5815:
5807:
5802:
5794:
5789:
5781:
5776:
5768:
5763:
5755:
5750:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5707:
5697:
5684:
5661:
5637:
5600:
5574:
5532:
5468:
5442:
5418:
5394:
5357:
5324:S. philippensis
5261:S. ahoenobarbus
5243:
5235:Red river hog (
5210:
5186:
5153:
5129:
5103:Buru babirusa (
5074:
5048:
5040:Common duiker (
5024:
4982:
4792:
4750:
4726:
4702:
4660:
4609:
4572:
4548:
4513:
4498:P. picticaudata
4471:
4411:
4387:
4381:G. subgutturosa
4300:
4249:
4225:
4201:
4164:
4153:
4131:
4098:
4090:Cape bushbuck (
4083:T. strepsiceros
4012:
4011:
4009:
3986:
3962:
3938:
3833:
3825:Mountain anoa (
3760:
3754:B. tragocamelus
3736:
3730:T. quadricornis
3699:
3688:
3670:
3637:
3613:
3569:Bighorn sheep (
3535:
3511:
3487:
3479:Mountain goat (
3463:
3455:Chinese goral (
3412:
3388:
3373:C. sumatraensis
3337:
3320:Siberian ibex (
3284:Domestic goat (
3232:
3208:
3184:
3176:Barbary sheep (
3156:
3145:
3127:
3115:
3103:
3087:
3050:
3017:
2993:
2960:
2923:
2886:
2849:
2807:
2734:
2710:
2684:Scimitar oryx (
2659:
2642:Roan antelope (
2613:
2607:
2585:
2543:
2535:Northern pudu (
2509:
2501:Southern pudu (
2491:Northern pudu (
2475:
2451:
2427:
2392:Pygmy brocket (
2374:Dwarf brocket (
2331:
2298:
2274:
2241:
2217:
2180:
2120:
2069:
2045:
2012:
1986:Calamian deer (
1961:
1955:D. mesopotamica
1928:
1904:
1898:M. vuquangensis
1896:Giant muntjac (
1806:Fea's muntjac (
1759:
1753:
1735:
1723:
1707:
1638:
1596:
1559:
1517:M. chrysogaster
1468:
1460:Masai giraffe (
1417:
1380:
1343:
1329:
1291:
1284:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1018:Folia Zoologica
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
992:
984:. p. 341.
973:
972:
961:
946:
924:
923:
919:
885:
884:
861:
854:Capra sibirica.
850:
846:
810:
809:
805:
791:
781:
764:
763:
756:
724:
723:
716:
706:
704:
675:
674:
670:
665:
637:
561:
479:
454:
433:Pamir Mountains
406:Sayan Mountains
383:
376:, Ladakh, India
338:
312:Near Threatened
229:
223:
217:
204:
92:
84:
75:Near Threatened
73:
69:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6026:
6024:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5980:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5956:
5943:
5930:
5917:
5904:
5891:
5878:
5865:
5852:
5839:
5826:
5813:
5800:
5787:
5774:
5761:
5757:Capra_sibirica
5748:
5743:Capra sibirica
5733:
5717:
5715:
5713:Capra sibirica
5709:
5708:
5703:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5675:
5673:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5655:C. liberiensis
5649:
5647:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5629:Hippopotamus (
5625:
5623:
5612:
5610:Hippopotamidae
5602:
5601:
5595:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5563:
5559:C. dromedarius
5554:
5544:
5542:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5521:
5512:
5503:
5493:
5491:
5480:
5470:
5469:
5463:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5430:
5428:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5382:
5380:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5346:
5342:S. timoriensis
5337:
5328:
5319:
5310:
5301:
5295:Domestic pig (
5292:
5283:
5274:
5265:
5255:
5253:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5232:
5222:
5220:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5198:
5196:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5175:
5171:P. aethiopicus
5165:
5163:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5123:B. togeanensis
5118:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5086:
5076:
5075:
5069:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5013:
5004:
4994:
4992:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4974:Zebra duiker (
4971:
4962:
4953:
4949:C. silvicultor
4944:
4935:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4902:Black duiker (
4899:
4890:
4886:C. leucogaster
4881:
4872:
4863:
4854:
4845:
4836:
4827:
4817:
4815:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4781:
4775:Cape grysbok (
4772:
4762:
4760:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4718:Klipspringer (
4714:
4712:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4691:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4649:
4645:M. piacentinii
4640:
4631:
4621:
4619:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4595:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4536:
4534:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:P. przewalskii
4502:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4460:
4451:
4442:
4433:
4427:Dama gazelle (
4423:
4421:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4399:
4397:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4361:Rhim gazelle (
4358:
4349:
4340:
4331:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4261:
4259:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4237:
4235:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:A. marsupialis
4213:
4211:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4176:
4166:
4165:
4152:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4123:Common eland (
4120:
4110:
4108:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4087:
4081:Greater kudu (
4078:
4069:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4023:
4021:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3894:Domestic yak (
3891:
3882:
3873:
3864:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3822:
3818:B. mindorensis
3813:
3807:Lowland anoa (
3804:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3711:
3701:
3700:
3687:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3527:Nilgiri tahr (
3523:
3521:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3380:Taiwan serow (
3377:
3368:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3311:Iberian ibex (
3308:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3200:Arabian tahr (
3196:
3194:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3144:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2838:
2834:R. fulvorufula
2829:
2819:
2817:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2702:Arabian oryx (
2699:
2690:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:O. virginianus
2574:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:O. bezoarticus
2439:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2385:M. gouazoubira
2383:Gray brocket (
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2138:C. albirostris
2132:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:E. cephalophus
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1851:Leaf muntjac (
1848:
1844:M. puhoatensis
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1771:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:T. williamsoni
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1553:M. moschiferus
1548:
1544:M. leucogaster
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1508:M. berezovskii
1503:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1355:
1353:Antilocapridae
1345:
1344:
1338:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1325:Laurasiatheria
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1242:
1241:External links
1239:
1236:
1235:
1196:
1141:
1076:
1045:
1004:
990:
959:
944:
917:
888:Capra sibirica
859:
844:
803:
794:|journal=
754:
714:
680:Capra sibirica
667:
666:
664:
661:
649:Ashina Dynasty
636:
633:
621:Canadian River
560:
557:
478:
475:
453:
450:
449:
448:
426:
417:
415:Alay Mountains
408:
402:C. s. sibirica
382:
379:
337:
334:
302:. It lives in
284:Tian Shan ibex
280:Mongolian ibex
276:Himalayan ibex
256:Capra sibirica
245:
244:
240:
239:
231:
230:
224:
219:Capra sibirica
213:
212:
206:
205:
198:
196:
192:
191:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
86:
85:
67:
64:
63:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Siberian ibex
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6025:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Capra (genus)
5991:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5966:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5734:
5729:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5701:
5681:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5658:
5656:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5634:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5589:
5571:
5569:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5550:C. bactrianus
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5457:
5439:
5437:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5354:
5352:
5351:S. verrucosus
5347:
5345:
5343:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5297:S. domesticus
5293:
5291:
5289:
5288:S. celebensis
5284:
5282:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5218:
5217:Potamochoerus
5213:
5207:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5124:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5114:B. celebensis
5110:
5108:
5106:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5063:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4998:Blue duiker (
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4913:C. nigrifrons
4909:
4907:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4895:C. natalensis
4891:
4889:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4841:C. callipygus
4837:
4835:
4833:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4768:R. campestris
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4720:O. oreotragus
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4363:G. leptoceros
4359:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4267:E. albonotata
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4243:A. cervicapra
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4146:
4128:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4114:Giant eland (
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4092:T. sylvaticus
4088:
4086:
4084:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4054:Lesser kudu (
4052:
4050:
4048:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4016:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3869:B. domesticus
3867:Bali cattle (
3865:
3863:
3861:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3681:
3667:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3571:O. canadensis
3567:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:Nilgiritragus
3514:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3481:O. americanus
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3406:H. jemlahicus
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3302:Nubian ibex (
3300:
3298:
3296:
3293:Alpine ibex (
3291:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3138:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Pantholopinae
3057:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3011:A. buselaphus
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2915:Grey rhebok (
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Aepycerotinae
2856:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2790:Nile lechwe (
2788:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:Hippotraginae
2620:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2600:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2469:B. dichotomus
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2443:Pampas deer (
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2403:M. nemorivaga
2399:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2347:Red brocket (
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2316:H. antisensis
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2156:C. canadensis
2152:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2105:R. timorensis
2101:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2063:E. davidianus
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2030:R. duvaucelii
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1995:Bawean deer (
1993:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1920:Tufted deer (
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1853:M. putaoensis
1849:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1799:M. crinifrons
1795:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1746:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1692:T. versicolor
1688:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1499:M. anhuiensis
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1453:G. reticulata
1449:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1247:Siberian Ibex
1245:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
993:
991:9780691167176
987:
983:
979:
978:
970:
968:
966:
964:
960:
955:
951:
947:
941:
937:
933:
932:
927:
926:Wilson, D. E.
921:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
860:
856:
855:
848:
845:
840:
836:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
807:
804:
799:
786:
777:
772:
768:
761:
759:
755:
750:
746:
741:
736:
732:
728:
721:
719:
715:
702:
697:
693:
689:
688:
683:
681:
672:
669:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:Ladakh Scouts
634:
632:
630:
629:United States
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
558:
552:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:snow leopards
526:
522:
517:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
476:
474:
470:
466:
464:
459:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
425:
421:
418:
416:
412:
411:C. s. alaiana
409:
407:
403:
400:
399:
398:
396:
392:
388:
380:
375:
372:Females near
370:
366:
362:
354:
350:
342:
335:
333:
331:
327:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
257:
252:
251:Siberian ibex
241:
237:
232:
227:
222:
220:
214:
211:
210:Binomial name
207:
203:
202:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
96:
91:
87:
81:
76:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Siberian Ibex
5712:
5654:
5642:
5631:H. amphibius
5630:
5620:Hippopotamus
5618:
5598:Whippomorpha
5567:
5558:
5549:
5537:
5525:
5516:
5507:
5498:
5486:
5435:
5423:
5411:
5399:
5387:
5375:
5350:
5341:
5332:
5323:
5314:
5305:
5296:
5287:
5279:S. cebifrons
5278:
5269:
5260:
5248:
5236:
5227:
5215:
5203:
5191:
5180:P. africanus
5179:
5170:
5160:Phacochoerus
5158:
5146:
5134:
5122:
5113:
5105:B. babyrussa
5104:
5092:
5041:
5029:
5017:
5009:P. maxwellii
5008:
5000:P. monticola
4999:
4987:
4975:
4966:
4957:
4948:
4940:C. rufilatus
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4894:
4885:
4876:
4867:
4858:
4857:Bay duiker (
4850:C. crusalbum
4849:
4840:
4831:
4822:
4810:
4802:Cephalophini
4785:
4777:R. melanotis
4776:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4687:N. moschatus
4686:
4677:
4665:
4653:
4644:
4635:
4627:M. guentheri
4626:
4614:
4603:D. megalotis
4602:
4590:
4565:
4553:
4542:P. hodgsonii
4541:
4529:
4506:
4497:
4489:P. gutturosa
4488:
4476:
4464:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4416:
4404:
4392:
4380:
4371:
4362:
4353:
4345:G. erlangeri
4344:
4335:
4326:
4318:G. bennettii
4317:
4305:
4293:
4285:E. thomsonii
4284:
4276:E. rufifrons
4275:
4266:
4254:
4242:
4230:
4218:
4206:
4194:
4182:
4124:
4116:T. derbianus
4115:
4103:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4064:
4055:
4047:T. eurycerus
4046:
4037:
4028:
4004:
3996:Tragelaphini
3979:
3967:
3955:
3943:
3931:
3922:
3914:B. javanicus
3913:
3904:
3896:B. grunniens
3895:
3886:
3878:B. frontalis
3877:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3817:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3778:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3717:
3664:R. rupicapra
3663:
3655:R. pyrenaica
3654:
3642:
3630:
3618:
3606:
3597:
3596:Snow sheep (
3588:
3579:
3578:Dall sheep (
3570:
3561:
3552:
3540:
3529:N. hylocrius
3528:
3516:
3505:O. moschatus
3504:
3492:
3480:
3468:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3429:
3417:
3405:
3393:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3342:
3330:
3329:Walia ibex (
3321:
3319:
3313:C. pyrenaica
3312:
3303:
3294:
3285:
3277:C. falconeri
3276:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3237:
3226:B. taxicolor
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3081:P. hodgsonii
3080:
3068:
3043:
3034:
3024:Connochaetes
3022:
3010:
3009:Hartebeest (
2998:
2986:
2977:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2933:Alcelaphinae
2917:P. capreolus
2916:
2904:
2879:
2867:
2842:
2833:
2825:R. arundinum
2824:
2812:
2800:
2792:K. megaceros
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2752:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2643:
2631:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2548:
2536:
2527:
2514:
2502:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2467:Marsh deer (
2456:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2349:M. americana
2348:
2336:
2324:
2315:
2305:Hippocamelus
2303:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2259:C. capreolus
2258:
2246:
2234:
2233:Water deer (
2222:
2210:
2198:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2104:
2096:R. mariannus
2095:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2037:Eld's deer (
2029:
2028:Barasingha (
2017:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1889:M. vaginalis
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1790:M. atherodes
1789:
1777:
1700:
1691:
1683:T. nigricans
1682:
1673:
1664:
1656:T. javanicus
1655:
1643:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1601:
1590:H. aquaticus
1589:
1577:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1486:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1422:
1411:O. johnstoni
1410:
1398:
1374:A. americana
1373:
1361:
1323:Superorder:
1317:Infraclass:
1288:Artiodactyla
1250:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1024:(1): 35–42.
1021:
1017:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
976:
930:
920:
895:
891:
887:
852:
847:
820:
816:
806:
785:cite journal
730:
705:. Retrieved
691:
685:
679:
671:
638:
562:
518:
514:
487:
480:
471:
467:
455:
452:Reproduction
447:and Pakistan
429:C. s. sakeen
428:
419:
410:
401:
384:
363:
359:
347:
323:
311:
307:
304:Central Asia
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
260:
255:
254:
250:
248:
218:
216:
200:
199:
187:
147:Artiodactyla
29:
5830:iNaturalist
5737:Wikispecies
5508:L. guanicoe
5367:Tayassuidae
5331:Wild boar (
5270:S. barbatus
5228:P. larvatus
5204:P. salvania
5202:Pygmy hog (
5136:Hylochoerus
4989:Philantomba
4877:C. jentinki
4859:C. dorsalis
4812:Cephalophus
4696:N. pygmaeus
4654:M. saltiana
4592:Dorcatragus
4566:S. tatarica
4456:N. petersii
4394:Litocranius
4294:E. tilonura
4241:Blackbuck (
4217:Springbok (
4160:Antilopinae
4158:(subfamily
4105:Taurotragus
4072:Sitatunga (
4065:T. scriptus
4056:T. imberbis
4013:(including
4006:Tragelaphus
3827:B. quarlesi
3709:Boselaphini
3693:(subfamily
3598:O. nivicola
3439:N. caudatus
3428:Red goral (
3419:Naemorhedus
3382:C. swinhoei
3362:Red serow (
3344:Capricornis
3322:C. sibirica
3259:C. caucasia
3250:C. aegagrus
3248:Wild goat (
3202:A. jayakari
3191:Arabitragus
3150:(subfamily
3121:Antilopinae
3044:C. taurinus
2987:D. pygargus
2880:A. melampus
2801:K. vardonii
2763:Waterbuck (
2704:O. leucoryx
2633:Hippotragus
2561:O. hemionus
2559:Mule deer (
2458:Blastocerus
2367:M. bricenii
2325:H. bisulcus
2292:R. tarandus
2268:C. pygargus
2190:Capreolinae
2172:Sika deer (
2114:R. unicolor
2103:Rusa deer (
2006:A. porcinus
1826:M. montanus
1623:M. kathygre
1372:Pronghorn (
1363:Antilocapra
1096:(1): 6064.
707:19 November
645:Indian Army
611:, northern
583:(primarily
577:Afghanistan
573:Gobi Desert
533:brown bears
445:Afghanistan
320:Alpine ibex
290:species of
261:Altai ibex,
163:Subfamily:
5982:Categories
5644:Choeropsis
5526:L. vicugna
5412:C. wagneri
5315:S. oliveri
5306:S. heureni
5042:S. grimmia
5031:Sylvicapra
5018:P. walteri
4931:C. rubidis
4922:C. ogilbyi
4868:C. harveyi
4832:C. brookei
4786:R. sharpei
4766:Steenbok (
4757:Raphicerus
4709:Oreotragus
4582:Neotragini
4531:Pantholops
4447:N. notatus
4405:L. walleri
4354:G. gazella
4327:G. cuvieri
4316:Chinkara (
4208:Antidorcas
4195:A. clarkei
4184:Ammodorcas
4174:Antilopini
4074:T. spekeii
4038:T. buxtoni
4029:T. angasii
3921:Wild yak (
3905:B. indicus
3860:B. bonasus
3800:B. bubalis
3743:Boselaphus
3719:Tetracerus
3589:O. gmelini
3457:N. griseus
3430:N. baileyi
3395:Hemitragus
3364:C. rubidus
3355:C. crispus
3304:C. nubiana
3167:Ammotragus
3070:Pantholops
3000:Alcelaphus
2985:Bontebok (
2978:D. lunatus
2967:Damaliscus
2954:B. hunteri
2843:R. redunca
2744:Reduncinae
2695:O. gazella
2644:H. equinus
2570:O. pandora
2550:Odocoileus
2434:Ozotoceros
2290:Reindeer (
2235:H. inermis
2224:Hydropotes
2147:C. elaphus
2145:Red deer (
2087:R. alfredi
2004:Hog deer (
1862:M. reevesi
1835:M. muntjak
1665:T. kanchil
1632:M. meminna
1579:Hyemoschus
1569:Tragulidae
1526:M. cupreus
1444:G. giraffa
1390:Giraffidae
1341:Ruminantia
1161:: 104021.
663:References
625:New Mexico
623:canyon of
605:Uzbekistan
603:, eastern
601:Tajikistan
597:Kyrgyzstan
593:Kazakhstan
569:semidesert
510:salt licks
435:, western
391:subspecies
381:Subspecies
336:Appearance
316:subspecies
264:Asian ibex
53:, Germany
5596:Suborder
5506:Guanaco (
5478:Camelidae
5464:Suborder
5436:D. tajacu
5425:Dicotyles
5401:Catagonus
5388:T. pecari
5333:S. scrofa
5237:P. porcus
5226:Bushpig (
5094:Babyrousa
5070:Suborder
4967:C. weynsi
4958:C. spadix
4823:C. adersi
4744:O. ourebi
4678:N. batesi
4667:Neotragus
4636:M. kirkii
4438:N. granti
4403:Gerenuk (
4372:G. spekei
4336:G. dorcas
4193:Dibatag (
3980:S. caffer
3945:Pseudoryx
3932:B. taurus
3912:Banteng (
3887:B. gaurus
3816:Tamaraw (
3662:Chamois (
3644:Rupicapra
3631:P. nayaur
3607:O. vignei
3587:Mouflon (
3286:C. hircus
3275:Markhor (
3178:A. lervia
2943:Beatragus
2869:Aepyceros
2693:Gemsbok (
2686:O. dammah
2528:P. carlae
2421:M. temama
2412:M. rufina
2376:M. chunyi
2358:M. bororo
2248:Capreolus
2174:C. nippon
2165:C. hanglu
2052:Elaphurus
1997:A. kuhlii
1911:Elaphodus
1779:Muntiacus
1614:M. indica
1603:Moschiola
1535:M. fuscus
1478:Moschidae
1339:Suborder
1299:Kingdom:
1230:210912180
1191:209373848
1175:0376-6357
1118:2045-2322
1040:0139-7893
997:3 October
912:198969400
839:1863-5407
749:2014-928X
571:. In the
565:tree line
483:tree line
437:Himalayas
387:monotypic
288:polytypic
272:Gobi ibex
195:Species:
113:Kingdom:
107:Eukaryota
5960:Species+
5900:14200786
5848:11001011
5722:Wikidata
5568:C. ferus
5524:Vicuña (
5517:L. pacos
5515:Alpaca (
5499:L. glama
5466:Tylopoda
4976:C. zebra
4904:C. niger
4478:Procapra
4256:Eudorcas
4232:Antilope
3969:Syncerus
3930:Cattle (
3923:B. mutus
3851:B. bison
3791:B. arnee
3752:Nilgai (
3629:Bharal (
3620:Pseudois
3580:O. dalli
3562:O. aries
3553:O. ammon
3551:Argali (
3503:Muskox (
3470:Oreamnos
3448:N. goral
3331:C. walie
3215:Budorcas
3152:Caprinae
3097:Caprinae
2952:Hirola (
2896:Peleinae
2878:Impala (
2783:K. leche
2781:Lechwe (
2677:O. beisa
2653:H. niger
2314:Taruca (
2281:Rangifer
2211:A. alces
2112:Sambar (
2039:R. eldii
2019:Rucervus
1977:Chital (
1769:Cervinae
1756:Cervidae
1717:Cervidae
1645:Tragulus
1319:Eutheria
1313:Mammalia
1307:Chordata
1305:Phylum:
1301:Animalia
1183:31857139
1136:33727618
954:62265494
635:Tributes
613:Pakistan
609:Mongolia
585:Xinjiang
477:Behavior
424:Mongolia
167:Caprinae
153:Family:
137:Mammalia
127:Chordata
123:Phylum:
117:Animalia
103:Domain:
80:IUCN 3.1
5887:1006188
5822:2441052
5728:Q754947
5680:Cetacea
5671:Cetacea
5539:Camelus
5497:Llama (
5377:Tayassu
5193:Porcula
4742:Oribi (
4733:Ourebia
4616:Madoqua
4601:Beira (
4522:Saigini
4429:N. dama
4307:Gazella
4156:Bovidae
4154:Family
4125:T. oryx
4045:Bongo (
4027:Nyala (
3954:Saola (
3876:Gayal (
3780:Bubalus
3695:Bovinae
3691:Bovidae
3689:Family
3605:Urial (
3295:C. ibex
3224:Takin (
3148:Bovidae
3146:Family
3109:Bovinae
3035:C. gnou
2814:Redunca
2726:Addax (
2610:Bovidae
2608:Family
2516:Pudella
2503:P. pudu
2394:M. nana
2209:Moose (
1979:A. axis
1946:D. dama
1808:M. feae
1754:Family
1729:Bovidae
1674:T. napu
1488:Moschus
1424:Giraffa
1409:Okapi (
1311:Class:
1290:species
1286:Extant
1127:7966747
1098:Bibcode
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627:in the
502:juniper
463:flehmen
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177:Caprini
173:Tribe:
157:Bovidae
143:Order:
133:Class:
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5939:698623
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5770:494281
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395:pelage
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228:, 1776
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589:India
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490:herbs
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308:Capra
300:sheep
296:goats
188:Capra
5908:NCBI
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5856:ITIS
5817:GBIF
5809:1375
5783:QS6D
5765:BOLD
5678:see
5488:Lama
3542:Ovis
2666:Oryx
2482:Pudu
2076:Rusa
1968:Axis
1935:Dama
1179:PMID
1171:ISSN
1132:PMID
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1036:ISSN
999:2021
986:ISBN
950:OCLC
940:ISBN
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798:help
745:ISSN
709:2021
692:2020
639:The
456:The
298:and
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