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1112:, and in addition accumulated the portfolios of War Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. He also took over (on 27 December) the functions of President until a new election could be organized early in the new year. All of these actions were in direct violation of the Constitution of 1911, which he himself had helped to draft. During the coup and the early stages of his government, Sidónio Pais enjoyed the support of various labor groups, in exchange for the release of imprisoned comrades, and because of expectations inside the influential National Workers' Union, which looked to position itself as a centre of power of the republican left.
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second shot hit the
President in the stomach, causing a wound which would prove fatal. Pais immediately fell to the ground, and a panic broke out. During the confusion, four innocent bystanders were fatally wounded by the guards; the assassin, who didn't try to escape, was arrested after being brutally beaten by the crowd. Pais was still alive at this point and was rushed toward St. Joseph Hospital, but he died of his wounds en route to the hospital shortly before midnight.
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1171:, through universal suffrage. Making use of his popularity among Catholics, he was elected on 28 April 1918, obtaining 470,831 votes, an unprecedented number. He was proclaimed President of the Republic on 9 May of the same year, without even bothering to consult Congress, and enjoying direct democratic legitimacy, which he used – unsuccessfully – to crush opposition attempts.
1182:, and the Portuguese government was unable to bring in necessary reinforcements or even maintain a regular supply of troops. The situation reached such an extreme that, even after the end of the war, Portugal was unable to transport its troops back to the country. Social conflict had increased to the point of creating a permanent state of insurrection.
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border conflicts in areas of contact between the
Portuguese and German colonies in Africa, and his own increasingly Germanophile position. Despite these difficulties, he held the position until 9 March 1916, the date on which Germany declared war on Portugal following the seizure of German ships in ports under Portuguese control.
1310:, which endures until today. It is common to see fresh flowers and religious symbols being laid at his tomb. This is mainly due to his reversal of some early republican anti-clerical laws. But it seems somewhat ironic that his name lives on most vividly in these circles since Pais was not a particularly religious man himself.
1252:. When he entered the station at around 11 PM, he was received by a Republican Guard ordered to protect the President. The earlier, failed assassination attempt on the President had led to an increase in security. However, this couldn't ruin the mood as a band played a popular song when the President entered the station.
1306:), a description that stuck in later years because it adequately symbolized his regime. Particularly among the most conservative Catholic groups, Pais entered the Portuguese imagination as a mix of a savior and a martyr, and caused the emergence of a popular cult, similar to the one existing around the figure of
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The decrees of
February and March 1918, which because their profound contradiction with the current constitution were labeled the "Constitution of 1918", profoundly altered the Portuguese Constitution of 1911 and lent the regime a clear presidential character, revamped electoral law, and changed the
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image. The
President of the Republic in effect became Head of State and leader of the Government, which, significantly, was entirely composed of state secretaries instead of (higher-ranked) ministers. In this new political architecture, which his supporters called a "New Republic", the Head of State
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in 1910. After a brief membership of the managing board of the national railway company, he was elected as a deputy of the
National Constituent Assembly that was charged with drafting the Portuguese Constitution of 1911. As a leading member of the Constituent Assembly, Pais was appointed Minister of
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on 17 August 1912. He remained in that important diplomatic post during the critical period that led to the outbreak of the war, maintaining a difficult balance between the pressures of the
Portuguese Government, with increasingly pro-war and Anglophile viewpoints, attempts to settle diplomatically
922:
By now considered to be a distinguished mathematician, he remained in
Coimbra, where he was appointed professor at the Faculty of Differential and Integral Calculus. He also worked as a professor at the Brotero Industrial School, where he was also a director from 1905 to 1909. On 23 October 1910 he
1283:
The murder of Sidónio Pais heralded a traumatic time for the First
Republic. Essentially a populist, charismatic leader, Pais portrayed himself as the last hope of a doomed country, and was widely perceived as such. This explains why his assassination had such a huge, and long-lasting influence on
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Sidónio Pais amended the Law of
Separation of Church and State on 23 February 1918. This prompted an immediate, fierce reaction from traditional Republicans and Freemasons, but garnered widespread support from Catholics, moderate Republicans, and the rural population, then the vast majority of the
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purchased the ruin of Pais' birthplace for 175,000 Euros. The architect Nuno Brandão Costa was asked in 2009 to turn the house into a museum. The basement should house a room dedicated to Pais's presidency, with a second hall devoted to his life on the ground floor. The first floor will be turned
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His personality combined attractive social qualities and strength of character. A contemporary observer described him as "half prince, half condottiere," and a member of his short-lived parliament in 1918 explained his public attractiveness by suggesting that he possessed "spiritual mimetism," an
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cloak. When the
President passed the assassin on the first floor of Rossio station, Da Costa penetrated the double police cordon that surrounded the President and fired two shots from the pistol hidden under his cloak. The first shot hit Pais in the right arm, where the bullet became lodged. The
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ability to mimic faithfully several current traits and images. His versatility was extraordinary, but what distinguished him in contemporary Portuguese politics was his readiness to discuss difficult issues openly and to admit in public that he was capable of making mistakes.
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because of his autocratic style of government and the removal of any remaining checks on the regime. The ineffectuality of his regime failed to bring the order it had promised and only contributed to the chaos of the First Republic and the undermining of its legitimacy.
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This situation marked the end of the regime's charmed existence. Between alternating strikes, conflicts, and conspiracies, from the summer of 1918 onwards attempts to end the "Sidonist" regime escalated in severity and violence, which led the President to declare a
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was placed in a position of power that had known no parallel in Portuguese history since the end of absolutism. Hence, Pessoa's epithet of a "President-King" was well-deserved. In its objectives and in many of its forms, the New Republic was a precursor of the
1093:, he led an insurrection by around 250 troops. The coup ended victoriously after three days of heavy confrontations, in which the role of civil groups was decisive for the insurgents' success. On the morning of 8 December Costa handed over power to Pais'
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Back in Portugal, he formed a natural rallying point for those who opposed Portugal's participation in the war, catalyzing the growing discontent caused by both the effects of the war effort at home and the poor results obtained by the
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939:, assuming his office on 24 August 1911. In this post, which he held until 3 November 1911, he represented the government during the festivities that marked the first anniversary of the Republic in the city of
882:. In 1888, he decided upon a military career and entered the Army School, attending artillery courses. An outstanding student, he completed his courses with distinction, and was promoted to sub-lieutenant (
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on 13 October 1918. With that act, and the harsh repression of opposing movements, he was able to regain momentary control of the political situation, but his regime was clearly mortally wounded.
1368:, 1945) in 1895. The couple had five children, four sons and one daughter. Out of wedlock, he also had one daughter by one Ema Manso Preto. He is the great-grandfather in the male line of
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Upon completion of his courses at the Army School, Pais enrolled at the University of Coimbra, where he graduated in mathematics. He received his doctorate at the same university in 1898.
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Subsequently, Pais issued a set of dictatorial decrees, without consulting the Congress of the Republic, and suspended important parts of the Constitution, giving the regime a markedly
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Sidónio Pais's funeral was attended by tens of thousands of people, but multiple interruptions, some of them violent, took place as protesters mingled among the crowd. On 16 December,
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into a documentation center. The costs of the conversion are estimated to be one million Euros. There appears to have been made little to no progress after the mid-2010s, however.
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The president made his way to the Lisboa-Rossio Railway Station on the evening of 14 December 1918, after having enjoyed dinner at the restaurant Silva, located in the
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regime that controlled Portugal during much of the 20th century exploited the legacy and associations of "Sidonism" to its advantage. For instance, when the
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Portuguese politics. From then on, most political stability disappeared, leading to a permanent crisis that only ended nearly eight years later when the
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Fernando Pessoa, "A Memória do Presidente-Rei Sidónio Pais (27-2-1920)", in: Maria Isabel Rocheta and Maria Paula Mourão, eds. (1979),
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Ribeiro de Meneses, Filipe (1998). "Sidónio Pais, the Portuguese 'New Republic' and the Challenge to Liberalism in Southern Europe".
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Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses (1998). "Sidónio Pais, the Portuguese 'New Republic' and the Challenge to Liberalism in Southern Europe".
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Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses (1998). "Sidónio Pais, the Portuguese 'New Republic' and the Challenge to Liberalism in Southern Europe".
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Douglas Wheeler tries to explain Pais' attractiveness as a leader (and later, a cult figure) by pointing to his character:
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Portuguese population. This decision also re-established diplomatic relations with the Vatican, which appointed Monsignor
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After the fall of the Chagas government, he kept his place in government by taking up the post of Finance Minister in
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950:' "Government of concentration". Taking office on 7 November 1911, he held on to this position until 16 June 1912.
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Instead of starting the usual consultation for the formation of a new government, the rebels took power, removing
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of the United Kingdom, who attempted to play down Sidónio Pais' previous, and well-known, pro-German attitudes.
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was inaugurated in 1966, the authorities had Pais's body transferred to it from the Room of the Chapter of the
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915:, Pais had given vent to his republican ideals. During this period he also belonged for a short period to a
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1717:"CIDADÃOS NACIONAIS AGRACIADOS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS – Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas"
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As the year came to an end, the political situation did not improve, despite the end of fighting with the
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Fernando Pessoa (1918). "À memoria do Presidente-Rei Sidónio Pais". Quoted in Darlene Joy Sadler (1998),
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laws on the separation of Church and State and the very distribution of power among the organs of state.
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in 1918. One of the most divisive figures in modern Portuguese history, he was referred to by the writer
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In another unconstitutional move, Pais on 11 March 1918 decreed the direct election of the President by
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As a leading Republican, Pais was catapulted into active political life after the establishment of the
1754:
Juntes Militars versus Juntes de Defensa. Militarisme a Espanya i Portugal al final de la Gran Guerra.
862:, where he lived between the ages of 7 and 11, and completed his secondary education at the Lyceum of
2728:
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Pais was born in Caminha, 1 May 1872, the eldest child of Sidónio Alberto Marrocos Pais, a notary of
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Diego Palacios Cerezales (2004). "Verdes e Vermelhos. Portugal e a Guerra no Ano de Sidónio Pais".
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2002:
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Sidónio Pais page in the English version of the site of the Portuguese Presidency of the Republic
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1982:
1409:, as President of the Republic and Grand-Master of the Portuguese Honorific Orders (1917–1918)
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1992:
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as the "President-King", a description that stuck in later years and symbolizes his regime.
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Moving images of Sidónio Pais on the day of his inauguration as President of the Republic
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attempt on 5 December 1918, during the award ceremony for survivors of the navy trawler
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and forcing his exile. Subsequently, on 11 December 1917, Sidónio Pais took over as
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However, in April 1918, the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps was slaughtered at the
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1244:. He was accompanied by his brother and his son, planning to take the train to
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An Introduction to Fernando Pessoa: Modernism and the Paradoxes of Authorship
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Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. See particularly pp. 139–154.
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1004: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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by the Congress of the Republic rather than through a new plebiscite.
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descent, and Rita Júlia Cardoso da Silva, both natives of Caminha.
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in Coimbra, although he does not appear to have been very active.
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Orden en Portugal: la República Nova de Sidónio Pais (1917–1919).
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already made themselves felt, Pais was appointed to the post of
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1933:
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Already during his time in Coimbra, in the waning years of the
973:
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was appointed vice-chancellor of the university, under Rector
27:
4th President of the First Portuguese Republic (May–Dec 1918)
2527:
1197:, an event accompanied by an affectionate message from King
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At a moment when international tensions that would lead to
1777:
Sidónio e Sidonismo. Vol. 2, história de um caso político.
1602:. Introdução e organização de Joel Serrão). Lisboa: Ática.
1237:. Nine days later, however, he fell victim to the second.
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This was legitimized by Decree No. 3701, on the same day.
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at the front. He became the main leader of opposition to
1519:. Gainesville etc.: University of Florida Press, p. 45.
1749:, Photobiography of Sidónio Pais, Círculo de Leitores.
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Sidónio Pais is sworn in as President of the Republic.
1110:
President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister)
1804:
Cáceres: Junta de Extremadura, Consejería de Cultura.
1302:
admiringly referred to Pais as the "President-King" (
2819:
National presidents assassinated in the 20th century
1816:
Republican Portugal. A Political History, 1910–1926.
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1967:
1673:
Republican Portugal. A Political History, 1910–1926
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1788:Repositório Cientfico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal
1770:Sidónio e Sidonismo. Vol. 1, história de uma vida.
1675:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 142.
1565:Sidónio e Sidonismo. Vol. 1, história de uma vida
1511:
1509:
1500:"Sidónio Pais, Museu da Presidência da República"
1288:set up the ensuing forty years of dictatorship.
1259:was waiting for him, concealing a pistol in his
1567:. Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra.
1356:Pais married Maria dos Prazeres Martins Bessa (
1328:Pais must carry some of the responsibility for
44: and the second or paternal family name is
1834:Sidónio Pais at the Fundação Mário Soares page
1131:In an attempt to normalize relations with the
2254:
1945:
1779:Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra.
1772:Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra.
813:; 1 May 1872 – 14 December 1918) was a
8:
1811:. Lisboa: Museu da Presidência da República.
477:4 September 1911 – 12 November 1911
165:11 December 1917 – 14 December 1918
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1527:
1525:
1317:Street sign for Avenida de Sidónio Pais in
1255:Inside the station, the left-wing activist
222:8 December 1917 – 11 December 1917
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2239:
1952:
1938:
1930:
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935:Public Works in the government chaired by
375:17 September 1912 – 10 March 1916
50:
1348:, where it had been interred previously.
1064:Learn how and when to remove this message
1407:Sash and Grand-Cross of the Three Orders
874:in order to take preparatory courses in
794:Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais
556:Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais
530:15 June 1911 – 26 November 1912
425:12 November 1911 – 16 June 1912
18:Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais
1800:Rodríguez Gaytán de Ayala, Ana (2006).
1472:
655:
1686:"Web site for the Pais Museum project"
1480:
1478:
1476:
858:He completed his primary education in
323:11 December 1917 – 9 May 1918
273:11 December 1917 – 9 May 1918
109:9 May 1918 – 14 December 1918
2809:Politicians assassinated in the 1910s
2804:Assassinated heads of state in Europe
1757:Ph.D. Thesis Pompeu Fabra University.
1711:
1709:
1707:
959:Minister Plenipotentiary (ambassador)
808:
465:Minister of Commerce and Public Works
7:
1002:adding citations to reliable sources
2799:20th-century Portuguese politicians
2764:Assassinated Portuguese politicians
1782:Malheiro da Silva, Antonio (2009).
1775:Malheiro da Silva, Antonio (2006).
1768:Malheiro da Silva, Antonio (2006).
1843:(Portugal – Historical Dictionary)
1563:António Malheiro da Silva (2006).
25:
2824:20th-century presidents in Europe
2814:Assassinated presidents in Europe
1219:Assassination of Sidónio Pais on
363:Ambassador of Portugal to Germany
2789:Government ministers of Portugal
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978:
756:
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712:
641:Maria dos Prazeres Martins Bessa
74:
1841:Portugal – Dicionário Histórico
1797:, Vol. 28(1), pp. 109–130.
1752:Carles i Pomar, Angéls (2011).
989:needs additional citations for
651:
2794:19th-century Portuguese people
1486:"Chefes do Governo desde 1821"
1079:Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
1:
2769:Deaths by firearm in Portugal
2759:Finance ministers of Portugal
1211:Assassination of Sidónio Pais
1195:Armistice of 11 November 1918
868:Santa Maria Maior High School
255:Himself (Prime Minister)
81:
2779:Portuguese military officers
1814:Wheeler, Douglas L. (1978).
1671:Wheeler, Douglas L. (1978).
1342:Portuguese National Pantheon
1248:in order to confer with the
2774:People murdered in Portugal
2754:Prime ministers of Portugal
2270:Prime ministers of Portugal
2112:António de Oliveira Salazar
1809:Sidónio Pais. Fotobiografia
1747:Fotobiografias do Século XX
1360:, São Gonçalo, 1868/1869 –
1308:José Tomás de Sousa Martins
1156:in Lisbon on 25 July 1918.
1126:António de Oliveira Salazar
407:José Maria Lambertini Pinto
261:Minister of Foreign Affairs
2840:
2227:Interim presidents are in
1912:Prime Minister of Portugal
1795:European History Quarterly
1660:European History Quarterly
1600:Da República (1910 - 1935)
1587:European History Quarterly
1208:
870:), after which he went to
153:Prime Minister of Portugal
31:
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1918:
1909:
1901:
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1765:, 171), pp. 469–472.
1662:, Vol.28(1), pp. 109–130.
1106:President of the Republic
970:Government and presidency
932:First Portuguese Republic
837:First Portuguese Republic
787:
688:Liceu de Viana do Castelo
600:Manner of death
542:
523:
470:
418:
368:
316:
266:
215:
158:
102:
91:
73:
2739:1918 murders in Portugal
2601:National Salvation Junta
2167:Francisco da Costa Gomes
2123:Francisco Craveiro Lopes
1784:Sidónio Pais na história
1330:subsequent dictatorships
1250:Northern Military Juntas
1138:Benedetto Aloisi Masella
459:António Vicente Ferreira
305:Francisco Xavier Esteves
36:, the first or maternal
2734:1918 crimes in Portugal
2217:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
2033:António José de Almeida
1613:"Death of Sidónio Pais"
1286:28 May 1926 coup d'état
1273:chosen as his successor
1140:(later to be nuncio in
810:[siˈðɔnjuˈpajʃ]
500:Manuel de Brito Camacho
2749:Presidents of Portugal
2532:
2023:João do Canto e Castro
1961:Presidents of Portugal
1922:João do Canto e Castro
1895:João do Canto e Castro
1636:. 2013. Archived from
1352:Family and descendants
1325:
1269:João do Canto e Castro
1224:
1221:Rossio railway station
1164:
948:Augusto de Vasconcelos
511:Estêvão de Vasconcelos
436:Augusto de Vasconcelos
356:João Tamagnini Barbosa
202:João do Canto e Castro
146:João do Canto e Castro
2531:
2177:António Ramalho Eanes
2096:Manuel Gomes da Costa
2086:José Mendes Cabeçadas
2043:Manuel Teixeira Gomes
1885:President of Portugal
1807:Samara, Alice (2006.
1721:ordens.presidencia.pt
1589:, Vol.28(1), 111-113.
1316:
1227:Pais escaped a first
1218:
1162:
1133:Roman Catholic Church
1089:government, and from
770:Years of service
703:University of Coimbra
588:St. Joseph Hospital,
245:(Prime Minister)
97:President of Portugal
2496:Domingues dos Santos
2328:Constitutional Junta
1848:Sidónio Pais in the
1839:Sidónio Pais at the
1634:"Alentejo assassins"
1091:5 to 8 December 1917
998:improve this article
828:, who served as the
2784:Portuguese atheists
2744:People from Caminha
2616:Pinheiro de Azevedo
2207:Aníbal Cavaco Silva
1905:Revolutionary Junta
1692:on 30 December 2016
1640:on 18 November 2018
1387:In 2002, Caminha's
1346:Jeronimos Monastery
1257:José Júlio da Costa
1234:Augusto de Castilho
913:Portuguese Monarchy
625:National Republican
518:Chamber of Deputies
413:Minister of Finance
397:Viscount of Pindela
344:Revolutionary Junta
294:Revolutionary Junta
210:Revolutionary Junta
190:Revolutionary Junta
2533:
2157:António de Spínola
2053:Bernardino Machado
2003:Bernardino Machado
1878:Bernardino Machado
1870:Political offices
1326:
1225:
1188:state of emergency
1165:
1102:Bernardino Machado
616:, Lisbon, Portugal
231:Bernardino Machado
134:Bernardino Machado
2711:
2710:
2652:Freitas do Amaral
2370:Tamagnini Barbosa
2324:Pimenta de Castro
2236:
2235:
1983:Manuel de Arriaga
1928:
1927:
1919:Succeeded by
1892:Succeeded by
1852:(Lusophone Lives)
1457:(4 December 1943)
1425:(27 January 1919)
1377:Bernardo Sassetti
1180:Battle of the Lys
1104:from the post of
1074:
1073:
1066:
1048:
925:Manuel de Arriaga
791:
790:
670:Bernardo Sassetti
614:National Pantheon
386:Manuel de Arriaga
208:President of the
80:Pais in uniform,
16:(Redirected from
2831:
2578:Oliveira Salazar
2548:Mendes Cabeçadas
2491:Rodrigues Gaspar
2480:Ginestal Machado
2319:Azevedo Coutinho
2263:
2256:
2249:
2240:
2214:
2204:
2194:
2184:
2174:
2164:
2154:
2130:
2120:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2065:
2050:
2040:
2030:
2020:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1980:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1931:
1902:Preceded by
1875:Preceded by
1867:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1713:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1688:. Archived from
1682:
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1503:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1448:
1441:(5 October 1933)
1432:
1416:
1405:
1389:Câmara Municipal
1154:apostolic nuncio
1087:Democratic Party
1069:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1006:
982:
974:
864:Viana do Castelo
822:military officer
812:
807:
803:
762:
760:
759:
744:
742:
741:
729:Military service
716:
699:Military Academy
672:(great-grandson)
659:
657:
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585:
582:14 December 1918
565:
563:
547:Personal details
528:
508:
496:
484:
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382:
373:
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186:
179:Himself (acting)
163:
142:
130:
116:
107:
86:
83:
78:
51:
42:Cardoso da Silva
21:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2621:Almeida e Costa
2587:
2540:Second Republic
2534:
2523:
2392:Fernandes Costa
2332:Pinheiro Chagas
2291:Pinheiro Chagas
2272:
2267:
2237:
2232:
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2202:
2192:
2182:
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2101:
2091:
2081:
2072:Second Republic
2066:
2057:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1963:
1958:
1924:
1915:
1907:
1897:
1888:
1880:
1850:Vidas Lusófonas
1825:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1723:(in Portuguese)
1715:
1714:
1705:
1695:
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1679:
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1523:
1514:
1507:
1498:
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1469:
1464:
1449:Officer of the
1419:Order of Christ
1398:
1385:
1354:
1300:Fernando Pessoa
1296:
1281:
1213:
1207:
1070:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1007:
1005:
995:
983:
972:
961:of Portugal in
909:
849:
841:Fernando Pessoa
805:
796:
764:Portuguese Army
757:
755:
739:
737:
701:
661:
649:
645:
642:
621:Political party
587:
583:
567:
561:
559:
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529:
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454:
442:
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328:
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311:Minister of War
300:
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221:
216:
196:
184:
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164:
159:
140:
128:
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103:
87:
84:
69:
61:
58:
49:
34:Portuguese name
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
2837:
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2700:
2695:
2690:
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2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:Pinto Balsemão
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Nobre da Costa
2629:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2593:Third Republic
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2553:Gomes da Costa
2550:
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2509:
2503:
2498:
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2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:Barros Queirós
2445:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2365:Canto e Castro
2362:
2357:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2299:
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2282:
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2278:First Republic
2274:
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2268:
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2265:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2148:
2146:
2145:(1974–present)
2143:Third Republic
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2115:
2108:
2098:
2088:
2077:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2015:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1974:
1972:
1969:First Republic
1965:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1823:External links
1821:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1763:Análise Social
1759:
1750:
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1734:
1703:
1677:
1664:
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1625:
1604:
1591:
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1569:
1556:
1539:"Sidónio Pais"
1521:
1505:
1491:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1442:
1433:Knight of the
1426:
1417:Knight of the
1410:
1397:
1394:
1384:
1381:
1353:
1350:
1304:Presidente-Rei
1293:
1280:
1277:
1209:Main article:
1206:
1203:
1095:military junta
1072:
1071:
1013:"Sidónio Pais"
986:
984:
977:
971:
968:
908:
905:
848:
845:
789:
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779:
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771:
767:
766:
753:
752:Branch/service
749:
748:
735:
731:
730:
726:
725:
724:President-King
722:
718:
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710:
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643:
640:
639:
637:
633:
632:
622:
618:
617:
611:
607:
606:
601:
597:
596:
586:(aged 46)
580:
576:
575:
555:
553:
549:
548:
544:
543:
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
521:
520:
516:Member of the
513:
512:
509:
503:
502:
497:
491:
490:
485:
483:Prime Minister
479:
478:
468:
467:
461:
460:
457:
451:
450:
445:
439:
438:
433:
431:Prime Minister
427:
426:
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409:
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389:
388:
383:
377:
376:
366:
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329:Prime Minister
325:
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279:Prime Minister
275:
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156:
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115:Prime Minister
111:
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88:
79:
71:
70:
62:
59:
56:His Excellency
54:
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14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2836:
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2732:
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2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Passos Coelho
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Santana Lopes
2681:
2679:
2678:Durão Barroso
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
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2648:
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2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
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2541:
2537:
2530:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2512:Leite Pereira
2510:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
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2492:
2489:
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2432:
2429:
2426:
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2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:Leite Pereira
2401:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:Leite Pereira
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
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2250:
2245:
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2230:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2197:Jorge Sampaio
2195:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2160:
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2149:
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2140:
2134:
2133:Américo Tomás
2131:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:Óscar Carmona
2104:
2099:
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2094:
2089:
2087:
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2079:
2078:
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2069:
2064:
2054:
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2046:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1993:Teófilo Braga
1991:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1923:
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1906:
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1896:
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1879:
1873:
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1846:
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1543:Porto Editora
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1501:
1495:
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1452:
1451:Order of Aviz
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1436:
1435:Order of Aviz
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1427:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
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1399:
1395:
1393:
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1380:
1379:(1970–2012).
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1235:
1230:
1229:assassination
1222:
1217:
1212:
1205:Assassination
1204:
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1191:
1189:
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1111:
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1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
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1080:
1068:
1065:
1057:
1054:December 2019
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015: –
1014:
1010:
1009:Find sources:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
987:This section
985:
981:
976:
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969:
967:
964:
960:
956:
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942:
938:
933:
928:
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918:
917:masonic lodge
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679:
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671:
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664:
638:
634:
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623:
619:
615:
612:
610:Resting place
608:
605:
604:Assassination
602:
598:
595:
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581:
577:
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570:
554:
550:
545:
541:
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527:
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47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
2668:Cavaco Silva
2606:Palma Carlos
2568:Ivens Ferraz
2359:
2228:
2211:
2201:
2191:
2187:Mário Soares
2181:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2127:
2117:
2110:
2100:
2090:
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2047:
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2012:
2007:
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1740:Bibliography
1725:. Retrieved
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1690:the original
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1638:the original
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996:Please help
991:verification
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883:
857:
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584:(1918-12-14)
535:Constituency
525:
507:Succeeded by
472:
455:Succeeded by
448:Duarte Leite
420:
403:Succeeded by
381:Nominated by
370:
351:Succeeded by
318:
301:Succeeded by
268:
251:Succeeded by
243:Afonso Costa
217:
197:Succeeded by
174:
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141:Succeeded by
120:
104:
60:Sidónio Pais
45:
41:
29:
2729:1918 deaths
2724:1872 births
2647:Sá Carneiro
2414:Ramos Preto
2297:Vasconcelos
2074:(1933–1974)
1971:(1910–1926)
1696:29 December
1644:29 December
1618:29 December
1549:14 December
1545:. Infopédia
1338:Estado Novo
1298:The writer
1122:Estado Novo
955:World War I
937:João Chagas
888:) in 1892,
876:mathematics
495:Preceded by
488:João Chagas
443:Preceded by
393:Preceded by
339:Preceded by
289:Preceded by
238:Preceded by
185:Preceded by
129:Preceded by
85: 1918
38:family name
2718:Categories
2703:Montenegro
2642:Pintasilgo
2637:Mota Pinto
2469:Cunha Leal
2464:Maia Pinto
2397:Sá Cardoso
2386:Sá Cardoso
1916:1917–1918
1889:1917–1918
1467:References
1169:plebiscite
1150:camerlengo
1024:newspapers
890:lieutenant
880:philosophy
847:Early life
818:politician
815:Portuguese
806:pronounced
734:Allegiance
694:Alma mater
566:1 May 1872
562:1872-05-01
175:ex officio
2611:Gonçalves
2501:Guimarães
2485:A. Castro
2431:A. Castro
2338:J. Castro
900:in 1916.
892:in 1895,
833:president
773:1888–1918
709:Signature
685:Education
666:Relations
526:In office
473:In office
421:In office
371:In office
319:In office
269:In office
227:President
218:In office
173:Cabinet (
170:President
161:In office
119:Himself (
105:In office
2688:Sócrates
2673:Guterres
2573:Oliveira
2409:Baptista
1727:7 August
1455:Portugal
1439:Portugal
1423:Portugal
1374:composer
1358:Amarante
1261:Alentejo
1199:George V
1146:cardinal
907:Politics
826:diplomat
746:Portugal
721:Nickname
677:Children
629:Sidonist
594:Portugal
573:Portugal
121:de facto
32:In this
2583:Caetano
2563:Freitas
2558:Carmona
2442:Machado
2349:Almeida
2313:Machado
2229:italics
1861:YouTube
1396:Honours
1370:pianist
1038:scholar
894:captain
885:alferes
872:Coimbra
835:of the
801:OA CavA
660:
648:
644:
569:Caminha
333:Himself
283:Himself
67:OA CavA
2662:Soares
2626:Soares
2459:Coelho
2453:Granjo
2425:Granjo
2375:Relvas
1745:Anon.
1366:Lisbon
1279:Legacy
1242:Chiado
1148:, and
1142:Brazil
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
963:Berlin
853:Jewish
830:fourth
824:, and
761:
743:
654:
636:Spouse
590:Lisbon
538:Aveiro
2698:Costa
2664:(2nd)
2628:(1st)
2520:(4th)
2518:Silva
2514:(3rd)
2508:(3rd)
2506:Silva
2487:(2nd)
2476:(2nd)
2474:Silva
2455:(2nd)
2444:(2nd)
2437:Pinto
2433:(1st)
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2421:(1st)
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2405:(2nd)
2399:(2nd)
2388:(1st)
2382:(1st)
2356:(3rd)
2354:Costa
2345:(2nd)
2343:Costa
2334:(2nd)
2315:(1st)
2309:(1st)
2307:Costa
2302:Leite
2293:(1st)
2286:Braga
2193:XVIII
1462:Notes
1362:Porto
1323:Macao
1319:Macau
1246:Porto
1152:) as
1045:JSTOR
1031:books
941:Porto
898:major
860:Sertã
782:Major
658:)
650:(
646:
2360:Pais
2183:XVII
2129:XIII
2049:VIII
1729:2017
1698:2016
1646:2015
1620:2015
1551:2012
1372:and
1336:The
1271:was
1017:news
878:and
798:CavC
778:Rank
656:1895
579:Died
552:Born
64:CavC
46:Pais
2203:XIX
2173:XVI
2153:XIV
2119:XII
2039:VII
1999:III
1124:of
1085:'s
1000:by
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2213:XX
2163:XV
2102:XI
2082:IX
2029:VI
2009:IV
1989:II
1786:.
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