669:"By January 1943, 62 percent of Richmond's workers had joined the plan. By June 1944, the company reported that 87 percent of the total payroll, or more than 62,000 workers, had joined, and by August of that year, the number was reportedly up to 92.2 percent. The company even had to close enrollment to new employees periodically to avoid overwhelming the medical staff." - Barber, Alicia, 2001. Historic American Buildings Survey: Richmond Field Hospital, National Park Service/U.S. Department of the Interior, HABS No. CA-2720.
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332:, California, where the most critical cases were treated. Together, these facilities served the employees of the Kaiser shipyards who had signed up for the Permanente Health Plan (commonly referred to as the "Kaiser Plan"), one of the country's first voluntary pre-paid medical plans, and a direct precursor to the Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) defined by the federal
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328:, opened on August 10, 1942. It was sponsored by Henry J. Kaiser's Permanente Foundation and Garfield was the Medical Director. The field hospital served as the mid-level component of a three-tier medical care system that also included six well-equipped first aid stations at the individual shipyards, and the main Kaiser Permanente hospital in
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hired workers needing health care. New health plan participants were recruited and expanded to include workers' families as well. Garfield was instrumental in managing this dramatic transformation. He continued in this position into the late 1950s. By 1990, Kaiser
Permanente was the country's largest nonprofit HMO.
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In part due to wartime materials rationing, Garfield's original field hospital was a single-story wood frame structure designed in a simple modernist mode. Intended for use primarily as an emergency facility, it opened with only 10 beds. Later additions increased its capacity to 160 beds by 1944. The
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As the war came to an end, the Bay Area shipyards were rapidly scaled back and closed. The health plan membership shrank precipitously. The caregiving staff was correspondingly reduced. At its nadir as few as a dozen medical doctors remained in the organization. New postwar industries, however,
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NO. 992 SITE OF CONTRACTOR'S GENERAL HOSPITAL - In 1933, Dr. Sidney R. Garfield opened
Contractor's General Hospital six miles west of here. His modest facility successfully delivered health care to Colorado River Aqueduct workers through a prepaid insurance plan. Later, in association with
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Garfield was able to provide medical and hospital care for the workers for industrial accidents. The system worked so well that
Garfield decided to offer total medical care for the workers for an additional nickel a day from the workers themselves. About 95% of the workers signed up.
660:"The daily nickels from the workmen now more than 95 per cent signed up, and the fees from their compensation insurance care, were now doing more than pay Garfield's expenses." -De Kruif, Paul. 1943. Kaiser wakes the doctors. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, p. 37.
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were slow to pay, and non-payment was also a problem. Garfield made an arrangement with
Industrial Indemnity Exchange, the largest insurer on the Colorado River Aqueduct project. The agreement with the insurance company was structured as a
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industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, Dr. Garfield applied the lessons he first learned at the hospital to create his enduring legacy: Kaiser
Permanente, the nation's largest nonprofit prepaid health care program.
277:. At the time of its construction and use, it was the only air-conditioned building between Los Angeles and Phoenix. This hospital was set up to provide medical care for the 5,000 workers on the
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By August 1944, 92.2 percent of all
Richmond shipyard employees had joined the plan, the first voluntary group plan in the country to feature
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Can
Physicians Manage the Quality and Costs of Health Care?: The Story of the Permanente Medical Group
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Garfield was born in
Elizabeth, New Jersey, the son of Bertha and Isaac Garfield. His parents were
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508:"Nilda Rego: But for a guy named Garfield, there would have been no Kaiser Permanente"
234:(April 17, 1906 – December 29, 1984) was an American physician and a pioneer of
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565:"The Rediscovery of Contractors General Hospital-- Birthplace of Kaiser Permanente"
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Field
Hospital operated as a Kaiser Permanente hospital until closing in 1995.
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Dr. Sidney R. Garfield, The
Visionary who Turned Sick Care into Health Care
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a day per worker. The new prepaid financing plan was an immediate success.
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In 1933, Garfield opened his 6-bed Contractor's General Hospital in the
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614:"Dr Garfield's Enduring Legacy-- Challenges and Opportunities"
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Location of Contractor's General Hospital in California
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College of Medicine in 1928, which is now called the
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414:"The Story of Dr. Sydney R. Garfield", page 104,
252:Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
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285:, which was designed to bring water from the
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334:Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
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433:"Sidney Garfield--A Personal Recollection"
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680:"5 Physicians Who Made a Difference"
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864:People from Elizabeth, New Jersey
326:United States Maritime Commission
859:20th-century American physicians
394:at the Kaiser Permanente website
362:at the site 4300 Ragsdale Road,
273:, east of Los Angeles, north of
236:health maintenance organizations
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776:Kaiser Vacaville Medical Center
771:Kaiser Sunnyside Medical Center
797:Kaiser Richmond Field Hospital
781:Kaiser Westside Medical Center
766:Kaiser San Jose Medical Center
756:Kaiser Richmond Medical Center
360:California Historical Landmark
355:California Historical Landmark
318:Kaiser Richmond Field Hospital
199:California Historical Landmark
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751:Kaiser Oakland Medical Center
746:Kaiser Fontana Medical Center
103:Contractor's General Hospital
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854:20th-century American Jews
684:about.kaiserpermanente.org
869:University of Iowa alumni
480:Smillie, John G. (1991).
387:", Permanente Press, 2009
364:Desert Center, California
275:Desert Center, California
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142:Desert Center, California
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75:College of Medicine, 1928
431:Feldman, Robert (2006).
292:The hospital started as
246:. He graduated from the
169:33.7135083°N 115.40265°W
563:Gilford, Steve (2006).
618:The Permanente Journal
569:The Permanente Journal
437:The Permanente Journal
341:group medical practice
174:33.7135083; -115.40265
612:Crosson, Jay (2006).
140:44300 Ragsdale Road,
42:Elizabeth, New Jersey
802:Bess Kaiser Hospital
305:" to the hospital—a
238:. He co-founded the
392:Dr. Sidney Garfield
298:insurance companies
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35:Sidney Roy Garfield
630:10.7812/tpp/05-146
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543:"FamilySearch.org"
522:"FamilySearch.org"
449:10.7812/tpp/05-147
324:, financed by the
248:University of Iowa
232:Sidney R. Garfield
214:Reference no.
73:University of Iowa
61:Orinda, California
25:Sidney R. Garfield
16:American physician
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732:Kaiser Permanente
420:978-0-9770463-2-4
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244:Henry J. Kaiser
209:August 17, 1990
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687:. Retrieved
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844:1906 births
172: /
160:115°24′10″W
148:Coordinates
838:Categories
399:References
303:prepayment
206:Designated
157:33°42′49″N
87:Profession
739:Hospitals
69:Education
648:21519440
599:21519442
467:21519444
320:for the
283:aqueduct
137:Location
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330:Oakland
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185:Built
691:2023
644:PMID
595:PMID
550:2023
529:2023
488:ISBN
463:PMID
416:ISBN
316:The
188:1933
50:Died
31:Born
634:PMC
626:doi
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