Knowledge (XXG)

Sidetic language

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Coins from Side were first discovered in the 19th century, which bore legends in a then-unknown script. In 1914, an altar came to light in Side with a Greek inscription and a Sidetic one, but the latter could not be deciphered. It was only after the discovery of a second Greek-Sidetic bilingual
1808:"Сидетский язык [The Sidetic language] (in: Языки Мира : Реликтовые индоевропейские языки Передней и Центральной Азии [Languages of the world : Relict Indo-European languages of Near- and Central-Asia], pp. 175-177)" 297:
was able to identify 14 letters of the Sidetic script using the two bilinguals. In 1964 a large stone block was unearthed near the east gate of Side, with two longer Sidetic texts, including loan words from Greek
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The meaning of two-thirds of the characters is now firmly established, but there are still severe uncertainties: for example, while the majority view is that the frequent vertical strokes (
548:
Texts in the Sidetic language are written right to left in an alphabet of about 25 characters. Since the 2010s consensus has grown with regard to the transliteration of the characters:
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S9 = S I.2.5 A list of names, also interpreted as the "Athenodoros memorial" - at six complete lines (and traces of two more lines), this is the longest Sidetic inscription (1995).
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scarab, of uncertain provenance ("acquired in Turkey"); on its underside three (?) hardly identifiable signs have been carved, possibly Sidetic (2005).
1272:), that as a genitival ending would fit in nicely with the usual paradigms of the Anatolian languages, others interpret the strokes as word dividers. 431:
In addition a few Sidetic words have been handed down via classical authors, though not written in Sidetic script: "laerkinon" (λαέρκινον, = the herb
271:. It has about 25 letters, only a few of which are clearly derived from Greek. Consensus is growing that the script has essentially been deciphered. 248:(mid-2nd century CE) mentions the existence of a peculiar indigenous language in the city of Side. Sidetic was probably closely related to 2078: 1887: 1158: 538: 520: 225: 306:
from ἀνάθημα, 'votive offering'). In 1972, a text was found outside Side for the first time, at the neighbouring town of
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Inscriptions in Sidetic language, exhibits of the Museum of Side, Turkey. Clockwise from upper left S9, S1, S3, and S4
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The inscriptions show that Sidetic was already strongly influenced by Greek at the time when they were created. Like
1835:. Editors: Ronald I. Kim, Jana Mynářová, and Peter Pavúk. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2019. pp. 416–432. doi: 2019: 136: 294: 2029: 1475: 329: 268: 191: 61: 534: 530: 516: 237: 228:
known from legends of coins dating to the period of approximately the 5th to 3rd centuries BCE found in
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Nolle, Johannes (1983). "Die "Charaktere" im 3. Epidemienbuch des Hippokrates und Mnemon von Side".
414: 355: 1932: 1903: 1487: 221: 89: 80: 71: 66: 1505: 2083: 1998: 1851:"Digital etymological-philological Dictionary of the Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages (eDiAna)" 1779: 1690: 1547: 1367: 1360: 1352: 1347: 245: 284: 2052: 1986: 1975: 1669:"On the Reading and Interpretation of the Two Longer Sidetic Inscriptions S I.2.1 and S I.2.5" 1519: 366: 310:-Seleukia. Currently, eleven Sidetic coins and several coins with Sidetic legends are known. 2042: 1917: 1831:
Zinko, Christian, and Zinko, Michaela. "Sidetisch – Ein Update zu Schrift und Sprache". In:
1771: 1680: 1471: 890: 859: 38: 1540: 417:, a physician of Side (1983), who added notes in Sidetic to a Greek Hippocrates manuscript. 410:
S10 = S III 5th century BC coins with around twenty different legends (since 19th century).
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In addition to the inscriptions, two Sidetic words are known from ancient Greek texts:
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The declension of nouns basically follows a familiar Anatolian language pattern:
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Rizza, Alfredo (2005). "A new epigraphic Document with Sidetic(?) signs".
1741:"Die "Charaktere" im 3. Epidemienbuch des Hippokrates und Mnemon von Side" 1254: 723: 709: 702: 688: 674: 667: 660: 653: 639: 632: 625: 611: 604: 597: 590: 583: 576: 569: 562: 175: 1292:
family. However, only a few words can be derived from Luwian roots, like
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No verbs have yet been securely identified. A promising candidate is
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from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE respectively. The Greek historian
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Bossert, H. T. (1950). "Scrittura e lingua di Side in Pamfilia".
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S7 = S I.2.3 Inscription on fragment of the rim of a pot (1982).
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Map showing (in red) where Sidetic inscriptions have been found.
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S3 & S4 = S I.2.1-2 Strategos dedications from Side (1964).
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S8 = S I.2.4 Inscription on stone Heraldes relief (1982).
1459:, 'he offered', dedicated' (twice attested with object 374:
The designated number and date of discovery are given:
1308:; but alternative readings are possible, for example, 525:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see 2028: 2012: 1941: 1910: 496: 491: 483: 475: 465: 450: 381:
S2 = S I.1.2 Apollonios bilingual from Side (1949).
198: 182: 166: 161: 145: 124: 50: 37: 26: 21: 427:S13 = S I.2.6 Graffito from Lyrbe-Seleukia (2014). 1806:Касьян, А.С. (Alexei S. Kassian) (January 2013). 539:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters 378:S1 = S I.1.1 Artemon bilingual from Side (1914). 358:, which might have been in the Sidetic script. 1888: 333: 319: 8: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1833:Hrozný and Hittite: The First Hundred Years 1662: 1660: 435:), "zeigarê" (ζειγάρη, a cricket, cicada). 391:bronze altar table or voting tablet (1969). 2089:Languages attested from the 5th century BC 1938: 1895: 1881: 1873: 457: 18: 1837:https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004413122_023 1684: 354:were originally quotations of the doctor 328:, mentioned by the ancient lexicographer 1341: 1146: 1595:"'Tettix', in: A Greek-English Lexicon" 1585:Hesychius says the Greek equivalent is 1531: 1264:) are a character denoting a sibilant ( 1855:Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 1593:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. 1478:is frequent in names in Sidetic (e.g. 447: 394:S6 = S I.1.3 Euempolos bilingual from 1300:, 'god', 'divinity'), and, possibly, 7: 529:. For the distinction between , 14: 1541:"Introducing the Sidetic Script" 1504: 1259: 1253: 907: 898: 889: 878: 867: 858: 847: 836: 827: 818: 807: 792: 783: 772: 761: 748: 742: 736: 729: 722: 715: 708: 701: 694: 687: 680: 673: 666: 659: 652: 645: 638: 631: 624: 617: 610: 603: 596: 589: 582: 575: 568: 561: 302:from στρατηγός, 'commander' and 521:International Phonetic Alphabet 334: 320: 1320:, 'he/she/it'), conjunctions ( 1054:(superseded transliterations:) 16:Ancient Indo-European language 1: 236:coast, and two Greek–Sidetic 226:Indo-European language family 1046: 735: 514: This article contains 220:is a member of the extinct 2105: 1587: 1304:'votive offering' (Luwian 439:Characteristics of Sidetic 362:Catalogue of Sidetic texts 293:inscription in 1949, that 2079:Extinct languages of Asia 1449: 1446: 1436: 1433: 1419: 1416: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1351: 1346: 1344: 512: 456: 1739:Nollé, Johannes (1983). 1686:10.47054/ZIVA20701-2017w 1642:Pérez Orozco, Santiago. 1486:for Athenodoros), as is 1328:, 'and'), prepositions ( 413:S11 Words possibly from 43:after the third century 1667:Woudhuizen, D. (2020). 1332:, 'for'), and adverbs ( 1296:'for the gods' (Luwian 517:phonetic transcriptions 295:Hellmut Theodor Bossert 1868:Indo-European Database 1470:Like the neighbouring 508:, ​Sidetic 371: 289: 280:Inscriptions and coins 267:is an alphabet of the 238:bilingual inscriptions 1776:10.1515/KADM.2005.010 1745:Epigraphica Anatolica 1620:Epigraphica Anatolica 1288:, it was part of the 369: 287: 30:Ancient southwestern 1276:The Sidetic language 2074:Anatolian languages 1904:Anatolian languages 1796:Nollé (1983) p. 95. 1472:Pamphylian language 470:alphabet 132:Proto-Indo-European 1548:Unicode Consortium 1539:Pandey, Anshuman. 444:The Sidetic script 372: 290: 246:Anabasis Alexandri 2061: 2060: 2053:Phrygian alphabet 2008: 2007: 1810:. Moskva Academia 1520:Pisidian language 1453: 1452: 1250: 1249: 546: 545: 420:S12 = S II.2.1 A 214: 213: 2096: 2043:Carian alphabets 1939: 1897: 1890: 1883: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1861: 1819: 1818: 1816: 1815: 1803: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1714:Smith, William. 1711: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1688: 1664: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1650: 1639: 1628: 1627: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1605: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1564: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1545: 1536: 1514: 1509: 1508: 1482:for Apollonios, 1380: 1375: 1370: 1363: 1342: 1263: 1257: 911: 902: 893: 882: 871: 862: 851: 840: 831: 822: 811: 796: 787: 776: 765: 752: 746: 740: 733: 726: 719: 712: 705: 698: 691: 684: 677: 670: 663: 656: 649: 642: 635: 628: 621: 614: 607: 600: 593: 586: 579: 572: 565: 551: 550: 542: 536: 532: 507: 504: 461: 448: 337: 336: 323: 322: 218:Sidetic language 210: 194: 178: 171: 151: 56: 19: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2048:Lycian alphabet 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138: 135: 134: 133: 129: 123: 105: 102: 101: 99: 96: 95: 93: 92: 91: 88: 87: 86: 82: 79: 78: 77: 73: 70: 69: 68: 65: 64: 63: 62:Indo-European 59: 55: 49: 46: 42: 40: 36: 33: 29: 25: 20: 1970: 1858:. 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Index

Anatolia
Extinct
BCE
Language family
Indo-European
Anatolian
Luwo
Lydian
Luwo
Palaic
Luwic
Lycian
Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Anatolian
Writing system
Sidetic script
ISO 639-3
xsd
Linguist List
xsd
Glottolog
side1240
Anatolian
Indo-European language family
Side
Pamphylian
bilingual inscriptions
Arrian
Anabasis Alexandri
Lydian

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