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829:
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Coins from Side were first discovered in the 19th century, which bore legends in a then-unknown script. In 1914, an altar came to light in Side with a Greek inscription and a
Sidetic one, but the latter could not be deciphered. It was only after the discovery of a second Greek-Sidetic bilingual
1808:"Сидетский язык [The Sidetic language] (in: Языки Мира : Реликтовые индоевропейские языки Передней и Центральной Азии [Languages of the world : Relict Indo-European languages of Near- and Central-Asia], pp. 175-177)"
297:
was able to identify 14 letters of the
Sidetic script using the two bilinguals. In 1964 a large stone block was unearthed near the east gate of Side, with two longer Sidetic texts, including loan words from Greek
1252:
The meaning of two-thirds of the characters is now firmly established, but there are still severe uncertainties: for example, while the majority view is that the frequent vertical strokes (
548:
Texts in the
Sidetic language are written right to left in an alphabet of about 25 characters. Since the 2010s consensus has grown with regard to the transliteration of the characters:
407:
S9 = S I.2.5 A list of names, also interpreted as the "Athenodoros memorial" - at six complete lines (and traces of two more lines), this is the longest
Sidetic inscription (1995).
1715:
2088:
1894:
1854:
424:
scarab, of uncertain provenance ("acquired in Turkey"); on its underside three (?) hardly identifiable signs have been carved, possibly
Sidetic (2005).
1272:), that as a genitival ending would fit in nicely with the usual paradigms of the Anatolian languages, others interpret the strokes as word dividers.
431:
In addition a few
Sidetic words have been handed down via classical authors, though not written in Sidetic script: "laerkinon" (λαέρκινον, = the herb
271:. It has about 25 letters, only a few of which are clearly derived from Greek. Consensus is growing that the script has essentially been deciphered.
248:(mid-2nd century CE) mentions the existence of a peculiar indigenous language in the city of Side. Sidetic was probably closely related to
2078:
1887:
1158:
538:
520:
225:
306:
from ἀνάθημα, 'votive offering'). In 1972, a text was found outside Side for the first time, at the neighbouring town of
2073:
1992:
1880:
131:
1594:
288:
Inscriptions in
Sidetic language, exhibits of the Museum of Side, Turkey. Clockwise from upper left S9, S1, S3, and S4
1280:
The inscriptions show that
Sidetic was already strongly influenced by Greek at the time when they were created. Like
1835:. Editors: Ronald I. Kim, Jana Mynářová, and Peter Pavúk. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2019. pp. 416–432. doi:
2019:
136:
294:
2029:
1475:
329:
268:
191:
61:
534:
530:
516:
237:
228:
known from legends of coins dating to the period of approximately the 5th to 3rd centuries BCE found in
395:
1618:
Nolle, Johannes (1983). "Die "Charaktere" im 3. Epidemienbuch des
Hippokrates und Mnemon von Side".
414:
355:
1932:
1903:
1487:
221:
89:
80:
71:
66:
1505:
2083:
1998:
1851:"Digital etymological-philological Dictionary of the Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages (eDiAna)"
1779:
1690:
1547:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1347:
245:
284:
2052:
1986:
1975:
1669:"On the Reading and Interpretation of the Two Longer Sidetic Inscriptions S I.2.1 and S I.2.5"
1519:
366:
310:-Seleukia. Currently, eleven Sidetic coins and several coins with Sidetic legends are known.
2042:
1917:
1831:
Zinko, Christian, and Zinko, Michaela. "Sidetisch – Ein Update zu
Schrift und Sprache". In:
1771:
1680:
1471:
890:
859:
38:
1540:
417:, a physician of Side (1983), who added notes in Sidetic to a Greek Hippocrates manuscript.
410:
S10 = S III 5th century BC coins with around twenty different legends (since 19th century).
2047:
2037:
1980:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1927:
1402:
1385:
1289:
1285:
1281:
908:
828:
432:
257:
253:
249:
97:
84:
75:
53:
1312:, 'he dedicated to Malya '). It has been argued that there were also Anatolian pronouns (
346:. In addition, it is believed that some incomprehensible characters in the third book of
318:
In addition to the inscriptions, two Sidetic words are known from ancient Greek texts:
155:
148:
207:
2067:
1783:
1694:
1442:
1429:
1412:
184:
1260:
899:
879:
868:
848:
837:
819:
808:
793:
784:
773:
762:
229:
1463:, 'sacrifices'), a 3rd person singular preterite with the common Anatolian ending
716:
681:
458:
1867:
1644:"La lengua Sidética. Una actualización [The Sidetic language. An update]"
1339:
The declension of nouns basically follows a familiar Anatolian language pattern:
1511:
1425:
347:
749:
743:
737:
730:
646:
1501:
388:
1685:
1836:
695:
618:
497:
421:
339:
233:
200:
168:
1775:
1762:
Rizza, Alfredo (2005). "A new epigraphic Document with Sidetic(?) signs".
1741:"Die "Charaktere" im 3. Epidemienbuch des Hippokrates und Mnemon von Side"
1254:
723:
709:
702:
688:
674:
667:
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653:
639:
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611:
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590:
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family. However, only a few words can be derived from Luwian roots, like
526:
31:
1850:
1872:
1922:
1455:
No verbs have yet been securely identified. A promising candidate is
325:
241:
240:
from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE respectively. The Greek historian
1668:
1643:
1807:
1740:
1942:
1716:"Mnemon (A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology)"
365:
343:
307:
283:
1567:
Bossert, H. T. (1950). "Scrittura e lingua di Side in Pamfilia".
401:
S7 = S I.2.3 Inscription on fragment of the rim of a pot (1982).
370:
Map showing (in red) where Sidetic inscriptions have been found.
1876:
384:
S3 & S4 = S I.2.1-2 Strategos dedications from Side (1964).
44:
1586:
404:
S8 = S I.2.4 Inscription on stone Heraldes relief (1982).
1459:, 'he offered', dedicated' (twice attested with object
374:
The designated number and date of discovery are given:
1308:; but alternative readings are possible, for example,
525:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2028:
2012:
1941:
1910:
496:
491:
483:
475:
465:
450:
381:
S2 = S I.1.2 Apollonios bilingual from Side (1949).
198:
182:
166:
161:
145:
124:
50:
37:
26:
21:
427:S13 = S I.2.6 Graffito from Lyrbe-Seleukia (2014).
1806:Касьян, А.С. (Alexei S. Kassian) (January 2013).
539:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
378:S1 = S I.1.1 Artemon bilingual from Side (1914).
358:, which might have been in the Sidetic script.
1888:
333:
319:
8:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1833:Hrozný and Hittite: The First Hundred Years
1662:
1660:
435:), "zeigarê" (ζειγάρη, a cricket, cicada).
391:bronze altar table or voting tablet (1969).
2089:Languages attested from the 5th century BC
1938:
1895:
1881:
1873:
457:
18:
1837:https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004413122_023
1684:
354:were originally quotations of the doctor
328:, mentioned by the ancient lexicographer
1341:
1146:
1595:"'Tettix', in: A Greek-English Lexicon"
1585:Hesychius says the Greek equivalent is
1531:
1264:) are a character denoting a sibilant (
1855:Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
1593:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert.
1478:is frequent in names in Sidetic (e.g.
447:
394:S6 = S I.1.3 Euempolos bilingual from
1300:, 'god', 'divinity'), and, possibly,
7:
529:. For the distinction between ,
14:
1541:"Introducing the Sidetic Script"
1504:
1259:
1253:
907:
898:
889:
878:
867:
858:
847:
836:
827:
818:
807:
792:
783:
772:
761:
748:
742:
736:
729:
722:
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708:
701:
694:
687:
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673:
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659:
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631:
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603:
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589:
582:
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561:
302:from στρατηγός, 'commander' and
521:International Phonetic Alphabet
334:
320:
1320:, 'he/she/it'), conjunctions (
1054:(superseded transliterations:)
16:Ancient Indo-European language
1:
236:coast, and two Greek–Sidetic
226:Indo-European language family
1046:
735:
514: This article contains
220:is a member of the extinct
2105:
1587:
1304:'votive offering' (Luwian
439:Characteristics of Sidetic
362:Catalogue of Sidetic texts
293:inscription in 1949, that
2079:Extinct languages of Asia
1449:
1446:
1436:
1433:
1419:
1416:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1351:
1346:
1344:
512:
456:
1739:Nollé, Johannes (1983).
1686:10.47054/ZIVA20701-2017w
1642:Pérez Orozco, Santiago.
1486:for Athenodoros), as is
1328:, 'and'), prepositions (
413:S11 Words possibly from
43:after the third century
1667:Woudhuizen, D. (2020).
1332:, 'for'), and adverbs (
1296:'for the gods' (Luwian
517:phonetic transcriptions
295:Hellmut Theodor Bossert
1868:Indo-European Database
1470:Like the neighbouring
508:, Sidetic
371:
289:
280:Inscriptions and coins
267:is an alphabet of the
238:bilingual inscriptions
1776:10.1515/KADM.2005.010
1745:Epigraphica Anatolica
1620:Epigraphica Anatolica
1288:, it was part of the
369:
287:
30:Ancient southwestern
1276:The Sidetic language
2074:Anatolian languages
1904:Anatolian languages
1796:Nollé (1983) p. 95.
1472:Pamphylian language
470:alphabet
132:Proto-Indo-European
1548:Unicode Consortium
1539:Pandey, Anshuman.
444:The Sidetic script
372:
290:
246:Anabasis Alexandri
2061:
2060:
2053:Phrygian alphabet
2008:
2007:
1810:. Moskva Academia
1520:Pisidian language
1453:
1452:
1250:
1249:
546:
545:
420:S12 = S II.2.1 A
214:
213:
2096:
2043:Carian alphabets
1939:
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1727:
1726:
1714:Smith, William.
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1576:
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1558:
1557:
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1554:
1545:
1536:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1482:for Apollonios,
1380:
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1363:
1342:
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911:
902:
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218:Sidetic language
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56:
19:
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2103:
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2095:
2094:
2093:
2064:
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2062:
2057:
2048:Lycian alphabet
2038:Lydian alphabet
2024:
2020:Proto-Anatolian
2013:Reconstructions
2004:
1937:
1906:
1901:
1859:
1857:
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1826:Further reading
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1500:
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1373:
1366:
1359:
1290:Luwian language
1278:
1222:
1208:
1179:
1165:
1150:
1149:signs attested
919:transliteration
513:
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502:
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441:
364:
316:
282:
277:
269:Anatolian group
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147:
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137:Proto-Anatolian
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54:Language family
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1844:External links
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1770:(1–2): 60–74.
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1679:(1/2): 17–34.
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1494:for Artemon).
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396:Lyrbe-Seleukia
392:
387:S5 = S II.1.1
385:
382:
379:
363:
360:
356:Mnemon of Side
315:
312:
281:
278:
276:
273:
265:Sidetic script
224:branch of the
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164:
163:
162:Language codes
159:
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156:Sidetic script
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149:Writing system
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1720:Perseus Tufts
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1600:
1599:Perseus.Tufts
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1591:, or cicada:
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1434:-i, -a (-o?)
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1151:on coins only
1143:
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479:Right to left
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185:Linguist List
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62:Indo-European
59:
55:
49:
46:
42:
40:
36:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1970:
1858:. Retrieved
1832:
1812:. Retrieved
1801:
1792:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:
1709:
1698:. Retrieved
1676:
1672:
1654:(in Spanish)
1647:. Retrieved
1623:
1619:
1613:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1551:. Retrieved
1534:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1469:
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1460:
1456:
1454:
1338:
1336:, 'there').
1333:
1329:
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932:
927:
922:
547:
533:and ⟨
515:
430:
373:
351:
317:
303:
299:
291:
264:
262:
217:
215:
199:
103:
1993:Cappadocian
1839:(In German)
1673:Živa Antika
1512:Asia portal
1461:anathemataz
757:(variants:)
466:Script type
348:Hippocrates
342:, cited by
126:Early forms
94:Lyco-Carian
2068:Categories
1860:2017-03-14
1814:2021-04-14
1725:2021-04-12
1700:2021-11-13
1649:2021-11-13
1626:: 8.85–98.
1604:2021-05-02
1553:2021-04-12
1526:References
1476:aphaeresis
1403:Accusative
1386:Nominative
1316:, 'this';
389:Palimpsest
234:Pamphylian
2084:Pamphylia
2030:Alphabets
1999:Lycaonian
1933:Kalasmaic
1911:Languages
1784:162036788
1695:245576848
1379:inanimate
1368:inanimate
1310:Malya das
1298:masan(i)-
1235:/k/
1232:/r/
1226:/g/
1218:/l/
1215:/n/
1212:/s/
1201:/d/
1198:/t/
1195:/m/
1189:/p/
1175:/o/
1172:/i/
1169:/e/
498:ISO 15924
492:ISO 15924
484:Languages
476:Direction
352:Epidemics
340:Valeriana
335:λαέρκινον
330:Hesychius
314:Citations
304:anathema-
222:Anatolian
201:Glottolog
169:ISO 639-3
67:Anatolian
1987:Isaurian
1976:Pisidian
1751:: 85–98.
1575:: 32–46.
1498:See also
1443:Ablative
1430:Locative
1417:-z (-ś)
1413:Genitive
1395:-z (-ś)
1348:Singular
1302:malwadas
531:/ /
527:Help:IPA
433:valerian
422:steatite
300:istratag
275:Evidence
208:side1240
100:–Sidetic
32:Anatolia
1971:Sidetic
1918:Hittite
1488:syncope
1484:Thandor
1480:Poloniw
1447:-d (?)
1407:-o (?)
1374:animate
1361:animate
1223:or /tʃ/
519:in the
487:Sidetic
451:Sidetic
398:(1972).
321:ζειγάρη
244:in his
232:at the
104:Sidetic
39:Extinct
22:Sidetic
1981:Trojan
1966:Carian
1961:Milyan
1956:Lycian
1951:Luwian
1928:Lydian
1923:Palaic
1782:
1764:Kadmos
1693:
1588:τέττιξ
1492:Artmon
1490:(e.g.
1426:Dative
1353:Plural
1306:malwa-
1294:maśara
1286:Carian
1282:Lycian
1180:(/w/?)
535:
415:Mnemon
332:, and
326:cicada
258:Lycian
254:Carian
250:Lydian
242:Arrian
98:Lycian
85:Palaic
76:Lydian
27:Region
1943:Luwic
1780:S2CID
1691:S2CID
1544:(PDF)
1244:/dz/?
1241:/dʒ/?
1192:/ts/?
1164:/a/,
1161:sound
523:(IPA)
506:(180)
344:Galen
308:Lyrbe
90:Luwic
1457:ozad
1334:osod
1324:and
1284:and
1238:/ɲ/?
1229:/kʰ/
1209:/s/?
1207:/z/,
1204:/tʰ/
1186:/j/?
1183:/w/?
1166:/æ/?
1085:ç, φ
1069:w, j
558:sign
503:Sidt
338:for
324:for
263:The
256:and
230:Side
216:The
81:Luwo
72:Luwo
2001:(?)
1995:(?)
1989:(?)
1983:(?)
1772:doi
1681:doi
1569:PDP
1437:-a
1420:-e
1390:-Ø
1268:or
1258:or
1221:/ʃ/
1178:/u/
1159:IPA
1048:(?)
192:xsd
176:xsd
45:BCE
2070::
1853:.
1778:.
1768:44
1766:.
1747:.
1743:.
1718:.
1689:.
1677:70
1675:.
1671:.
1659:^
1632:^
1622:.
1597:.
1573:13
1571:.
1546:.
1474:,
1467:.
1465:-d
1428:/
1330:de
1326:za
1322:ak
1318:ab
1314:ev
1153:)
903:?)
797:?)
766:?)
747:,
741:,
350:'
260:.
252:,
1896:e
1889:t
1882:v
1863:.
1817:.
1786:.
1774::
1749:1
1728:.
1703:.
1683::
1652:.
1624:2
1607:.
1556:.
1270:s
1266:z
1147:(
1144:)
1142:z
1140:(
1137:)
1135:ñ
1133:(
1130:)
1128:b
1126:(
1115:)
1113:ṯ
1111:(
1102:)
1100:ś
1098:(
1087:)
1083:(
1078:)
1076:w
1074:(
1071:)
1067:(
1043:δ
1038:c
1033:ñ
1028:k
1023:r
1018:χ
1013:g
1008:š
1003:l
998:n
993:s
988:z
983:θ
978:d
973:t
968:m
963:τ
958:p
953:j
948:v
943:u
938:o
933:i
928:e
923:a
912:)
906:(
897:(
894:)
888:(
883:)
877:(
872:)
866:(
863:)
857:(
852:)
846:(
841:)
835:(
832:)
826:(
823:)
817:(
812:)
806:(
791:(
788:)
782:(
777:)
771:(
760:(
541:.
298:(
83:-
74:-
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