151:
1097:
166:
55:
1132:
During the siege, the
British garrison lost 59 killed and 149 wounded, French casualties amounting to some 1,600 dead and 2,000 wounded. Since Blakeney surrendered on terms, the surviving members of the garrison along with British civilians from the local administration, a total of 4,378 in all, were
1060:
committee later set up to investigate the island's loss noted the poor state of its defences, with crumbling walls and rotten gun platforms, while over 35 senior officers were absent from their posts, including the governor of Fort St Philip, and the colonels of all four regiments in its garrison. In
1172:
sent out to replace Byng, arrived off
Menorca shortly after the surrender. As Hawke did not have enough troops on board to land and mount a siege to retake the island he departed, cruising in the waters off Marseilles for three months before sailing home. He was later criticised for failing to mount
1152:
In contrast, the popular press portrayed
Blakeney as a hero, the heavy drinking that left him with "a paralytick disorder" and "nervous tremors" being portrayed as the virtues of a simple soldier. His professional colleagues were far more critical; William Cunninghame, his chief engineer and deputy,
1108:
on 10 April with transports carrying 16,000 troops and escorted by seventeen naval vessels; he reached
Menorca on 18 April, occupied most of the island and then on 8 May began to bombard St. Philip's Castle. Informed of Richelieu's preparations in mid March, Blakeney had substantially strengthened
1128:
on 20 May. Although the engagement has been described as a "minor cannonade", his retreat effectively sealed the fate of the garrison, and
Blakeney surrendered on 29 June, two days after the besiegers captured several important outworks.
1133:
transported to
Gibraltar in French ships, arriving there on 11 July. In the inquiry that followed, Byng was condemned of failing "to do his utmost" and executed in March 1757 despite pleas for leniency, prompting French author
254:
1033:. Although considered vital for control of the Western Mediterranean, it was also extremely vulnerable, since the Spanish deeply resented British occupation, while it was only two days sail from
247:
1085:
191:
240:
1990:
1109:
his fortifications but the presence of numerous non-combatants, including over 800 women and children, meant the garrison would quickly run short of supplies.
1227:
98:
195:
1077:
941:
1053:, to reduce local opposition by encouraging his troops to marry local women, and controlling Catholic schools and institutions proved unsuccessful.
1217:
1985:
1193:
1072:
to join the war as their ally. In the event this proved not to be the case, as
Ferdinand remained neutral until his death in 1759. Although the
1222:
830:
820:
805:
1153:
strongly objected to the surrender, which he considered premature, and listed numerous deficiencies in the conduct of the defence.
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184:
1903:
1857:
1838:
1819:
1738:
879:
2000:
1750:
961:
1598:
518:
508:
1161:
1061:
addition, while
Blakeney had a long and distinguished military career, by 1756 he was over 80 years old and suffering from
1081:
1018:
994:
766:
1980:
1683:
1068:
Aware of the island's vulnerability, the French hoped its capture would provide them with a bargaining chip to persuade
739:
431:
513:
1995:
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800:
749:
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573:
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906:
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426:
156:
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714:
528:
391:
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2010:
951:
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386:
299:
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761:
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294:
54:
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1294:
1288:
1197:
1181:
1050:
1002:
990:
956:
946:
476:
456:
436:
80:
1076:
did not formally begin until France declared war on
Britain on 9 June 1756, at the beginning of the year
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593:
471:
1300:
1253:
1237:
1232:
1146:
1069:
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845:
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319:
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884:
630:
401:
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855:
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314:
59:
Attack and capture of Fort St. Philip on the island of
Menorca, 29 June 1756, after the naval battle
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46:
31:
1731:
Minorca, the Illusory Prize; A History of the British Occupations of Minorca Between 1708 and 1802
1001:
threatened the British naval position in the Western Mediterranean and it was returned after the
860:
825:
647:
620:
598:
493:
284:
1930:
Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766
309:
1137:
to later write that the English "shoot an admiral from time to time, to encourage the others".
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1602:
1149:, was also found guilty of not sending reinforcements early enough and dismissed.
1138:
1767:
17:
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1113:
1062:
113:
100:
1117:
1105:
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30:"Fall of Minorca" and "Siege of Minorca" redirect here. For other uses, see
1965:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire
1177:
of the island, which might have forced it to surrender through starvation.
1788:
McGuffie, T. H. (1951). "Some fresh light on the siege of Minorca, 1756".
1174:
1134:
1034:
84:
1124:
attempted to relieve the fort but withdrew after the largely indecisive
1014:
88:
1850:
Culloden; Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire
1713:
History, Debates & Proceedings of Parliament 1743-1774; Volume III
1257:
1038:
1898:(in French). éditions Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins ».
1684:"1756 - French expedition against Minorca - Project Seven Years War"
1095:
236:
1748:
Harding, Richard (2008). "Blakeney, William, Baron Blakeney".
1958:
Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649-1815
1660:"1756 – Siege of Fort St. Philip – Project Seven Years War"
1944:
Island Fortress: The Defence of Great Britain, 1603-1945
1425:
1423:
1393:
1391:
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Land forces which formed part of the garrison included:
1775:
McGuffie, T. H. (1950). "The Defence of Minorca 1756".
1196:
and it was formally returned to them by Britain in the
1410:
1408:
1406:
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to prepare an expeditionary force to take the island.
981:, took place from 20 April to 29 June 1756 during the
1507:
1505:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1538:"Meaning and Origin of 'Pour encourager les autres'"
1777:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
1814:(1987 ed.). Martin Secker & Warburg Ltd.
1951:1759: The Year Britain Became Master of the World
1896:Dictionnaire d'histoire maritime - H-Z, Volume II
1722:Britain and Menorca in the 18th century; Volume 3
1145:but acquitted for his role in the 1746 defeat at
1523:
1256:(2nd Btn later joined, originally garrisoned in
1017:was captured by the British in 1708 during the
39:
1805:(in French). Firmin Didot frères, fils et Cie.
1184:, when Britain exchanged it for the island of
1228:23rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Welch Fusiliers)
248:
8:
1754:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1049:of Menorca and commander of the garrison of
1599:"The Seven Years' War in Europe, 1756-1763"
1878:Historie de L'Ancienne Infanterie Français
255:
241:
233:
36:
1460:
1248:The French invasion force consisted of:
1991:Military history of the Balearic Islands
1733:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
1573:
1414:
1037:, and one from the French naval base at
1915:The Cambridge Modern History, Volume VI
1751:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1484:
1429:
1397:
1387:
1100:The siege of Fort St. Philip in Menorca
196:Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière
1894:Vergé-Franceschi, Michel, ed. (2002).
1646:
1634:
1622:
1223:7th Regiment of Foot (Royal Fusiliers)
1078:Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville
1801:Pajol, Charles Pierre Victor (1888).
1561:
1511:
1472:
1448:
1218:4th (The King's Own) Regiment of Foot
7:
1585:
1496:
1141:, Governor of Gibraltar, previously
1913:Ward, Sir Adolphus William (1907).
1536:Tréguer, Pascal (22 October 2016).
1803:Les guerres sous Louis XV, vol. IV
1180:The French held Menorca until the
1168:. A British naval squadron led by
346:Westphalia, Hesse and Lower Saxony
225:1,600 killed or died from disease
25:
1887:Historie de L'Artillerie Français
1869:Historie de la Cavalerie Français
1356:Arriving later as reinforcements:
27:French capture of British Menorca
1831:Brassey's Book of Naval Blunders
1720:Donaldson, David Whalom (1994).
164:
149:
53:
1164:was appointed the first French
1986:Sieges involving Great Britain
1889:(in French). J. Hetzel et Cie.
1871:(in French). J. Hetzel et Cie.
1729:Gregory, David Whalom (1990).
1:
1917:. Cambridge University Press.
1019:War of the Spanish Succession
995:War of the Spanish Succession
1768:UK public library membership
1601:. 2007-10-20. Archived from
1368:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1361:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1311:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1305:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1299:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1293:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1287:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1281:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1275:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1271:RĂ©giment de Rohan Rochefort
1269:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1263:1er & 2e Bataillons du
1162:Hyacinthe Gaëtan de Lannion
2027:
1190:recaptured Menorca in 1781
335:Prussian Bohemia Incursion
29:
1956:Rodger, N. A. M. (2006).
1942:Longmate, Norman (1993).
1880:(in French). J. Corréard.
1331:RĂ©giment de Royal Italien
277:
214:
201:
178:
141:
63:
52:
44:
1939:. Yale University Press.
1829:Regan, Geoffrey (2000).
1192:during the 1779 to 1783
71:20 April to 29 June 1756
40:Siege of Fort St. Philip
2001:Sieges involving France
1963:Simms, Brendan (2008).
1935:Browning, Reed (1975).
1928:Anderson, Fred (2000).
1351:x1 Compagnie du Workers
1337:RĂ©giment de Soissonnais
1325:RĂ©giment de Briqueville
1307:RĂ©giment de Briqueville
975:siege of Fort St Philip
1949:McLynn, Frank (2005).
1885:Susane, Louis (1876).
1876:Susane, Louis (1851).
1867:Susane, Louis (1874).
1848:Royle, Trevor (2016).
1812:At 12 Mr Byng was shot
1348:x1 Compagnie du Miners
1265:RĂ©giment de Vermandois
1198:Treaty of Paris (1783)
1182:Treaty of Paris (1763)
1104:Richelieu sailed from
1101:
1013:The Spanish island of
1003:Treaty of Paris (1763)
227:2,000 sick or wounded
179:Commanders and leaders
1937:The Duke of Newcastle
1810:Pope, Dudley (1962).
1760:10.1093/ref:odnb/2591
1524:Vergé-Franceschi 2002
1319:RĂ©giment de La Marche
1313:RĂ©giment de La Marine
1238:34th Regiment of Foot
1233:24th Regiment of Foot
1099:
1082:French naval ministry
1070:Ferdinand VI of Spain
880:Valencia de Alcántara
215:Casualties and losses
1372:(arriving on 21 May)
1365:(arriving on 15 May)
1363:RĂ©giment de Traisnel
1295:RĂ©giment de Haynault
1289:RĂ©giment de Bretagne
977:, also known as the
715:Breslau (1760 siege)
675:Breslau (1759 siege)
114:39.86500°N 4.30500°E
1475:, pp. 342–343.
1166:Governor of Menorca
1080:, then head of the
1047:Lieutenant governor
885:Vila Velha de RĂłdĂŁo
524:Dresden (surrender)
280:Bohemia and Moravia
188:William Cunninghame
110: /
32:Invasion of Minorca
1996:History of Menorca
1932:. Faber and Faber.
1724:. Open University.
1588:, p. 193-194.
1301:RĂ©giment de Talaru
1254:RĂ©giment de Cambis
1112:A squadron of the
1102:
569:Torgau (3rd siege)
519:Torgau (2nd siege)
2006:Conflicts in 1756
1946:. Harper Collins.
1852:. Little, Brown.
1766:(Subscription or
1688:www.kronoskaf.com
1664:www.kronoskaf.com
1341:1er Bataillon du
1335:1er Bataillon du
1329:1er Bataillon du
1323:1er Bataillon du
1317:1er Bataillon du
1277:RĂ©giment de MĂ©doc
1252:1er Bataillon du
1194:Anglo-Spanish War
1126:Battle of Minorca
1122:Admiral John Byng
1086:Duke de Richelieu
1031:Treaty of Utrecht
997:, its capture by
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868:Iberian Peninsula
574:Wittenberg (1760)
514:Wittenberg (1759)
462:Lutterberg (1762)
231:
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192:Duke de Richelieu
137:
136:
119:39.86500; 4.30500
16:(Redirected from
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1981:Seven Years' War
1967:. Penguin Books.
1960:. Penguin Books.
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1170:Sir Edward Hawke
1143:court-martialled
1074:Seven Years' War
1043:William Blakeney
983:Seven Years' War
979:siege of Minorca
896:Naval Operations
767:Gross-Jägersdorf
483:Electoral Saxony
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1576:, p. 182.
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1499:, p. 365.
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1463:, p. 383.
1461:Donaldson 1994
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1188:. The Spanish
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1041:. Attempts by
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1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1605:on 2007-10-20
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1574:McGuffie 1950
1570:
1567:
1564:, p. 35.
1563:
1558:
1555:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1514:, p. 27.
1513:
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1498:
1493:
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1486:
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1451:, p. 28.
1450:
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1415:McGuffie 1951
1411:
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1059:
1058:Parliamentary
1054:
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1032:
1028:
1027:Great Britain
1024:
1020:
1016:
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987:Great Britain
984:
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976:
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922:Bay of Biscay
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841:Green Redoubt
839:
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816:Frisches Haff
814:
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636:Berlin (1760)
634:
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629:
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529:Torgau (1759)
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477:Cassel (1762)
475:
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447:Villinghausen
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372:Sandershausen
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157:Great Britain
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94:
93:Mediterranean
90:
86:
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78:
75:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
56:
51:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1923:Bibliography
1914:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1849:
1830:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1749:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1691:. Retrieved
1687:
1678:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1654:
1649:, p. ?.
1642:
1637:, p. ?.
1630:
1625:, p. ?.
1618:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1531:
1519:
1492:
1485:Harding 2008
1480:
1468:
1456:
1430:Gregory 1990
1398:Debrett 1792
1355:
1354:
1247:
1212:
1209:British Army
1179:
1160:
1151:
1139:Thomas Fowke
1131:
1111:
1103:
1067:
1055:
1012:
978:
974:
972:
947:Quiberon Bay
901:
895:
894:
866:
865:
772:
771:
756:East Prussia
755:
754:
725:Cosel (1760)
690:Cosel (1758)
646:
645:
604:
603:
482:
481:
457:Wilhelmsthal
345:
344:
279:
222:149 wounded
142:Belligerents
45:Part of the
1647:Susane 1876
1635:Susane 1851
1623:Susane 1874
1244:French Army
1147:Prestonpans
989:in 1714 by
985:. Ceded to
745:Reichenbach
740:Burkersdorf
605:Brandenburg
589:Hilbersdorf
539:Hoyerswerda
499:Sonnenstein
432:Langensalza
407:2nd MĂĽnster
392:1st MĂĽnster
295:Alt-Bunzlau
290:Reichenberg
117: /
1975:Categories
1953:. Pimlico.
1770:required.)
1715:. Debrett.
1693:2020-08-24
1669:2020-08-24
1609:2020-08-24
1562:Regan 2000
1512:Pajol 1888
1473:Royle 2016
1449:Pajol 1888
1382:References
1186:Guadeloupe
1114:Royal Navy
1063:alcoholism
1009:Background
937:Saint Cast
801:Fehrbellin
631:Kunersdorf
437:1st Cassel
382:Lutterberg
357:Hastenbeck
220:59 killed
105:04°18′18″E
102:39°51′54″N
1586:Pope 1962
1497:Ward 1907
1345:(Chabrié)
1157:Aftermath
1118:Gibraltar
1106:Marseille
1025:ceded to
1023:Gibraltar
952:Belle ĂŽle
932:Cherbourg
917:Cartagena
912:Rochefort
836:Neuensund
791:Stralsund
774:Pomerania
735:Adelsbach
705:Landeshut
594:Erbisdorf
504:Hochkirch
472:Amöneburg
362:Rheinberg
325:Domstadtl
1175:blockade
1135:Voltaire
861:Neukalen
826:Pasewalk
720:Liegnitz
700:Neustadt
680:Liegnitz
621:Zorndorf
599:Freiberg
544:Sackwitz
494:Rossbach
442:GrĂĽnberg
285:Lobositz
202:Strength
76:Location
1705:Sources
1547:11 July
1015:Menorca
942:Britain
927:St Malo
907:Minorca
875:Almeida
851:Gollnow
670:Leuthen
665:Breslau
648:Silesia
616:KĂĽstrin
564:Strehla
559:Dresden
554:Meissen
534:Korbitz
467:Nauheim
422:Warburg
417:Emsdorf
412:Corbach
367:Krefeld
352:Geldern
340:Teplitz
330:Olomouc
210:16,000
89:Menorca
83:, near
1902:
1856:
1837:
1818:
1783:(115).
1764:
1737:
1258:Monaco
1120:under
1039:Toulon
999:France
890:MarvĂŁo
846:GĂĽlzow
811:GĂĽstow
796:Tornow
786:Anklam
781:Demmin
695:Neisse
641:Gostyn
611:Berlin
584:Döbeln
579:Torgau
397:Minden
387:Bergen
320:Holitz
300:Prague
207:2,860
172:France
169:
154:
130:Result
1796:(10).
1377:Notes
1116:from
1092:Siege
1035:Cádiz
991:Spain
957:Cádiz
762:Memel
710:Glatz
549:Maxen
489:Pirna
452:Ă–lper
402:Fulda
315:Gabel
310:KolĂn
85:MahĂłn
1900:ISBN
1854:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1735:ISBN
1549:2022
973:The
856:Spie
655:Moys
377:Meer
68:Date
1756:doi
626:Kay
1977::
1792:.
1781:28
1779:.
1686:.
1662:.
1540:.
1504:^
1437:^
1422:^
1405:^
1390:^
1200:.
1173:a
1065:.
1056:A
1045:,
1005:.
91:,
87:,
1908:.
1862:.
1843:.
1824:.
1794:1
1762:.
1758::
1743:.
1696:.
1672:.
1612:.
1551:.
1487:.
1417:.
1260:)
269::
256:e
249:t
242:v
34:.
20:)
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