37:
326:, "during the time when Alfonso was at war with the rebel nobles ... the King of Aragon had mobilised sizeable armies of knights and infantrymen ... had traveled then beyond his own borders to Gascony he surrounded the city of Bayonne which is located near the Garonne River." It subsequently relates how for several days he plundered the countryside around Bayonne before assaulting the city's walls with
274:. With the death of Urraca, Alfonso VII, her son by an earlier marriage, succeeded to her position as primary rival of Alfonso the Battler for the rule of these two kingdoms. In besieging Bayonne, Alfonso the Battler was perhaps hoping to persuade the Count of Toulouse to switch allegiance to him and aid him in his war in Castile.
229:
The primary sources are insufficient to fully explain the purposes behind
Alfonso's siege, but historians are unanimous in attributing his actions to his ongoing conflict with his western neighbour, Alfonso VII, hero of the aforementioned
242:, in 1127. This may have prompted Alfonso to make an attack on Raymond's allies north of the Pyrenees in an effort to scuttle Raymond's political aspirations there, for Raymond was an ally of the Duke of Aquitaine. At the same time the
311:
are accurate. The former records how Pedro González de Lara, after he was captured by
Alfonso VII for his part in the rebellion, joined the siege of Bayonne "in order to bring him back to Castile" (
381:
to
Alfonso VII. The Aragonese king himself remained at the siege throughout the end of 1130, as charters he issued on 19 November and in December indicate. He continued to be "about Bayonne" (
319:), that is, continue the revolt. While Pedro's capture occurred in June, his death at the siege did not occur until 16 October, according to the obituary of Burgos, where he is buried.
385:) from January to May 1131, as both royal and private documents say. The siege continued through the summer, but in July and August Alfonso was leading forces in a place called
649:
277:
The attacking army was probably already passing through the
Pyrenees when, on 4 September 1130, Alfonso visited a chapel in Ardanés, a now depopulated village in the
266:. Urraca's second, childless marriage was to Alfonso the Battler. For a period of over a decade the two had been engaged in a civil war for power in
330:
brought from Aragon. At some point a relief army led by
Alfonso Jordan, count of Toulouse, arrived. Pedro, for reasons unknown, challenged him to a
351:
629:
For an extended discussion of this will, cf. Elena Lourie, "The Will of
Alfonso I, ‘El Batallador,’ King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment",
348:
et vulneratus est comes Petrus ab hasta comitis
Adefonsi et, cadens de equo, fractum est brachium eius et post paucos dies mortuus est
226:
and the prolongation of the siege. The siege was a failure, and was lifted after
Alfonso had made his famous last will and testament.
207:
405:
on 4 September 1134. When the siege was lifted is not known, but most of
November 1131 must have been spent returning, by way of the
235:
401:), Alfonso drafted his will in October 1131: it contains the last datable reference to the siege. This will was later confirmed at
222:
and included the plundering of the environs of the city and assaults on its walls. The arrival of a relief army led to a famous
603:
Margarita C. Torres
Sevilla-Quiñones de León, "Cruzados y peregrinos leoneses y castellanos en Tierra Santa (ss. XI–XII)",
369:. Besides the aforementioned knights, infantry, and siege engines, Alfonso also blockaded the city with ships on the river
346:), and "Count Pedro was wounded by Alfonso's lance and, falling from his horse, broke his arm and died a few days later" (
259:
202:
189:
591:
258:
from some rebels holding out in favour of an illegitimate half-brother of Alfonso VII, one of the sons of his mother,
36:
708:
703:
263:
133:
350:). Alfonso was apparently unharmed. It is possible that Pedro González was in the company of Alfonso's mother,
698:
693:
239:
474:
366:
138:
373:. The siege dragged on, however, and during his year-long absence from Spain, Alfonso the Battler lost
362:
142:
107:
378:
516:
358:. In any case they shared a history going back at least to the disputed succession of Alfonso VII.
173:
128:
631:
406:
267:
181:
116:
112:
99:
42:
271:
580:
records Pedro's challenge to Alfonso that they "fight together" in words probably adapted from
587:
251:
243:
197:
185:
177:
103:
95:
713:
308:
289:. The first direct reference to the siege dates from 26 October 1130, when Alfonso issued a
255:
688:
512:
468:
17:
296:
278:
250:, had done homage to Alfonso VII upon his succession in 1126. In March that year, with
247:
147:
682:
327:
219:
590:: "I defy the ranks of Israel this day; give me a man that we may fight together." (
435:, edited by Michael Gerli and Samuel G. Armistead (Taylor & Francis, 2003), 51.
495:
José Ángel Lema Pueyo, "El itinerario de Alfonso I ‘El batallador’ (1104–1134),"
402:
394:
374:
206:, a contemporary account of events in Spain compiled to celebrate the feats of
664:
651:
558:
470:
La nobleza castellana en la plena Edad Media: el linaje de Lara (SS. XI–XIII)
70:
354:, when the young future count of Toulouse was brought back to Europe from
582:
355:
286:
234:. The latter had concluded an alliance with Alfonso's eastern neighbour,
215:
410:
282:
193:
66:
211:
361:
In his trans-Pyrenean expedition, the Aragonese king's allies were
370:
331:
291:
223:
338:: "Count Pedro asked the Count of Toulouse for single combat" (
557:, I, §50. The English translation used here is G. E. Lipskey,
200:. The chief narrative source for the siege of Bayonne is the
192:, and lasted from October 1130 to October 1131. The city of
560:
The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor: A Translation of the
285:
in order to enter Gascony through the allied territory of
521:
The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest
463:
461:
459:
342:), "both went out to fight much like two strong lions" (
303:). It had begun shortly before 16 October, if both the
453:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 110–11.
340:
comes Petrus petiit comiti Tolosano singulare certamen
523:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), 185.
377:
and the other places he held in Castile west of the
41:
Romantic portrayal of Alfonso, the warrior-king, by
545:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 280.
543:
The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile
564:(PhD dissertation, Northwestern University, 1972).
196:was then a part of Aquitaine, nominally a part of
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
445:
443:
441:
409:, to Aragon. In December the royal court was at
299:from Bayonne, called "the fortress of Bayonne" (
315:) because he wanted "to wage war in Castile" (
29:
431:Lynn H. Nelson, "Alfonso I, King of Aragón",
8:
427:
425:
281:. The army probably crossed via the pass at
26:
254:, he had even taken the capital city of
421:
352:Elvira of Castile, Countess of Toulouse
7:
497:Historia, instituciones, documentos
25:
397:. While still besieging Bayonne (
236:Raymond Berengar III of Barcelona
433:Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia
35:
208:Alfonso VII of León and Castile
1:
562:Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris
203:Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris
313:ut reducere eum in Castellam
238:, by marrying his daughter,
592:New American Standard Bible
57:October 1130 – October 1131
730:
18:Siege of Bayonne (1130–31)
620:Barton and Fletcher, 188.
532:Barton and Fletcher, 172.
467:Antonio Sánchez de Mora,
317:facere bellum in Castella
184:, apparently against the
153:
122:
89:
49:
34:
586:, 17:10, which records
344:sicut duo leones fortes
301:illo castello de Baiona
210:. The siege began with
334:. In the words of the
264:Pedro González de Lara
134:Pedro González de Lara
123:Commanders and leaders
475:University of Seville
367:Centule II of Bigorre
139:Centule II of Bigorre
399:in obsessione Baione
379:Sierra de la Demanda
307:and the obituary of
661: /
588:Goliath's challenge
517:Richard A. Fletcher
473:, Doctoral Thesis (
451:The Medieval Spains
449:Bernard F. Reilly,
174:Alfonso the Battler
129:Alfonso the Battler
407:Camino de Santiago
393:, possibly modern
363:Gaston IV of Béarn
143:Gaston IV of Béarn
117:County of Toulouse
113:Duchy of Aquitaine
108:Viscounty of Béarn
43:Francisco Pradilla
709:Conflicts in 1131
704:Conflicts in 1130
541:Simon F. Barton,
322:According to the
262:, and her lover,
244:Count of Toulouse
186:Duke of Aquitaine
166:
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104:County of Bigorre
96:Kingdom of Aragon
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84:
16:(Redirected from
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665:43.333°N 1.467°W
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309:Burgos Cathedral
172:was launched by
170:siege of Bayonne
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30:Siege of Bayonne
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295:to the town of
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670:43.333; -1.467
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611:(1999), 63–82.
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576:, I, §18. The
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279:Valle de Hecho
252:Suero Vermúdez
248:Alfonso Jordan
178:King of Aragon
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605:Medievalismo
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503:(1997), 351.
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383:super Baiona
382:
360:
347:
343:
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335:
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304:
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260:Queen Urraca
231:
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201:
169:
167:
132:
90:Belligerents
81:siege lifted
668: /
395:Peyrehorade
391:Rocathalada
375:Castrojeriz
683:Categories
240:Berengaria
190:William X
71:Aquitaine
632:Speculum
583:1 Samuel
578:Chronica
403:Sariñena
356:Outremer
336:Chronica
324:Chronica
305:Chronica
232:Chronica
216:infantry
154:Strength
62:Location
714:Bayonne
653:43°20′N
411:Tiermas
297:Corella
283:Somport
268:Castile
212:knights
194:Bayonne
182:Navarre
162:unknown
159:unknown
100:Navarre
67:Bayonne
689:Sieges
656:1°28′W
218:, and
198:France
78:Result
45:(1879)
417:Notes
371:Adour
332:joust
292:fuero
287:Béarn
224:joust
515:and
365:and
272:León
270:and
256:León
180:and
168:The
54:Date
574:CAI
555:CAI
389:or
685::
637:50
635:,
607:,
519:,
501:24
499:,
482:^
458:^
440:^
424:^
413:.
246:,
214:,
188:,
176:,
69:,
609:9
594:)
136:†
98:–
20:)
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